2019 SOCCER GUIDE A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RULES AND LAWS - NFHS
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RULES AND LAWS
2019 SOCCER GUIDE
By
Don Dennison
Former USSF and NISOA Referee
US Soccer and NISOA Life Member
NISOA National Clinician and National Assessor
Based Upon:
• NCAA Soccer Rules and Interpretations – 2018-2019 and Mid-Year changes
• National Federation Soccer Rules Book – 2019-2020
• [USSF] IFAB Laws of the Game – 2019-2020 and Other Officially Authorized Supplemental
Materials. New changes effective June 1, 2019
Originally prepared March 3, 2006
Revised – May 29, 2019,
©2019 Don Dennison 1Many soccer officials officiate soccer matches using several sets of Rules and Laws of different soccer organizations and rule-making bodies. As is to be expected, officials on occasion have some confusion regarding a specific rule or interpretation. For these reasons a study guide is needed for the officials to have easy references to the differences between NCAA, High School Federation Rules and IFAB Laws of the Game. Over the past thirty years the more significant rules have been brought generally into conformity by the three groups. Nevertheless, there are distinct differences in language and interpretation that still exist and each group has adopted specific rules that are believed to be more appropriate for their players and their ages. This guide is not an all-inclusive listing of each difference between the sets of Rules and Laws, but rather only lists the more important differences where such differences exist. Many technical and administrative rules such as player eligibility and accumulated cautions do not generally and directly concern the referee but rather the match administrators and have therefore been omitted from this study. This guide has been designed by the author for easy reference and many officials have carried this guide in their kit or in their cars for quick review prior to a match. It is also useful as a teaching aid for entry level and in-service clinics. Changes for the current year are shown in italics for easy reference. The comparisons are in tabular form following the particular topic and are in order of the specific Laws or Rules to which they are relevant except for the listing on page 3 and 4 which compares general Topics not referred to in specific Rules or Laws and several miscellaneous topics which are referred to on page 17. It should be noted that the three sets of Rules and Laws are constantly changing and the different bodies publish their changes at different times of the year. Generally the IFAB Laws of the Game are published in May and take effect the following June.. The NCAA Rules are enacted early in the year, but are not normally published until early or mid-summer. High School Federation rule changes are enacted by their Rules Committee each January and are distributed in early summer. The NCAA Rule Book is only published every other year. A new edition was published last year. Accordingly, this Guide is current only up to the date of its publication and includes all rules changes for the year as presently known by the author. If any errors are noted, it would be appreciated if they are brought to attention of Don Dennison at donsar@comcast.net. This edition of this guide is the exclusive property of the author and it may not be reproduced in whole or in part or posted on a website or other publication without the prior express authorization and permission of its author. NOTE: Modifications for the 2019-2020 season are shown in italics. © 2019 Donald Dennison ©2019 Don Dennison 2
NCAA HIGH SCHOOL IFAB – USSF
FEDERATION
TOPIC
Terminology - Rules Rules Laws
(It is important to Ejection Disqualification Send Off
use the proper Drop Ball Drop Ball Dropped Ball
terminology, Game Game Match
especially in writing Overtime Overtime Extra Time
game reports) Penalty Penalty Sanction
Coaching and Team Area Official and Team Area Technical Area
Terminated Game Terminated Game Abandoned Match
Alternate Official 4th Official 4th Official / Additional Assist.
(AAR), Video Assist. Referees
Illegal Obstruction Obstruction Impedes Progress of Opponent
Interpretations Approved Rulings (A,R.) Play Rulings in the Rules book Decisions of the Int’l. F.A. Board
appearing in the Rule book are interpretations approved by are official interpretations.
are official decisions of the the NFHS Soccer Rules Additional Interpretations in the
NCAA. The NCAA Committee. Member state U.S. can be obtained initially
secretary/rules editor can be associations of the NFHS through the State Director of
contacted for interpretations. independently make decisions Instruction (SDI). .Questions and
Generally it is preferable to regarding compliance with or Answers on the Laws of the
first go through the local modifications of the playing Game are also official sources in
NISOA Chapter Clinician. The rules for the student athletes in the U.S. The Diagonal System of
NCAA Rules Book does NOT their respective states. The Control (DSC) is described in
contain the description of Rules describe 3 systems of other IFAB and USSF
standardized procedures for mechanics that may be used; publications.
the Diagonal System of the Dual Officiating System,
Control (DSC). NISOA The Diagonal System of
describes this system for its Control (DSC) and the Double-
members in other Dual System.
publications.
©2019 Don Dennison 3TOPIC NCAA HHS FED IFAB/FIFA
FIELD OF PLAY RULE 1 RULE 1 LAW 1
11 Yd. Mandatory – Correct before Same as IFAB Optional both off of goal line and
Encroachment match, if not possible, begin off of touchline
Hash Mark from game and file report. Only on
corner goal line. No provision for
touchline
Penalty Kick Mark 2 foot Line or 9” diameter spot Same as NCAA Penalty mark (no fixed size)
Goal Nets Mandatory Same as NCAA Not mandatory – may be used
Coaching and 20 yards long and 5 ft. from Same size as NCAA except Specifies a Technical Area. Only
Team Area touchline, benches 10 yds. benches 20 yds. appart. one person at a time may convey
apart Caution to coach who leaves information to the players
Caution to coach who leaves this area. R 1, Sec. 5. Benches
the area after a first verbal should be on same side of field
warning and IFK where ball – if not, benches should be
was if game stopped. diagonally opposed from each
Ejection for 3rd offence. R other on opposite side of field
12.14
Coach Coaches on roster and on site No provision but no phones or No provision
communication may communicate with each radios allowed during play.
other electronically. Communication devices on
sideline only. Cannot
communicate with players.
Padded Goal Posts Not Sanctioned A white commercially made Not Sanctioned
pad at least 72” in height and a
max. of 1” thick may be placed
on the vertical posts.
Goal Post Goal lines must be the same Rear of each goal post shall be Same as NCAA
Placement width as the goal posts and on the outer edge of the goal
crossbars. line. R 1, Sec. 4, Art. 1
Field Conditions for Determination made by Prior to start of game, host Same as NCAA
play to start and referee institution representative
continue determines; thereafter
determination is made by
referee.
Games played Game may be played indoors No provision No provision
indoors
Turf Fields Permitted – no restrictions Same as NCAA Artificial surfaces must be green.
Surfaces cannot be mixed.
©2019 Don Dennison 4TOPIC NCAA HHS FED IFAB/FIFA
THE BALL RULE 2 RULE 2 LAW 2
Number of Balls No fewer than 5, identical 3 or more of similar quality. 1 required, others may be used if
balls. At least 4 ball persons Must have NFHS logo available. For major international
at least 10 yrs. of age. displayed, supplied by home matches – IFAB marking
Recommended to wear team or referee can select required
colored vests. Pressure of from visitor if unavailable. USSF – up to 6 suggested. Ball
balls – 8.5 to 15.6 psi Inflate to manuf. spec. At least pressure- 8.5 to 15.6 psi
2 ball holders.
PLAYERS AND
RULE 3 RULE 3 LAW 3
SUBSTITUTES
Team Roster REQUIRED to be presented REQUIRED to be presented by Names of subs given to referee
to referee, scorekeeper and coach or player to referee 5 prior to match (no more than 12
other coach 30 mins. prior to mins. prior to game. Names in top level matches only 6 may
game. Copy for referee may be added to roster after be used). List of subs must be
should not show total start of play. Player numbers given to referee before the match
cautions and ejections. required on roster
Terminate if not given
When Substitutions Either Team: End of period; Either Team: Unlimited at end At any stoppage with permission
Allowed goal; goal kick; player of period; goal; goal kick of referee. (Many local leagues
removed for equipment (players must have already have set times for substitutions –
change (other team may sub reported to scorer); caution consult
equal number); injury or (player must go out); injury if Player leaving for equip. change
caution (only players involved referee stops clock, player or repair can reenter during play
– other team may sub like must go out including with permission of referee
number); bleeding injury; goalkeeper; disqualification Free subs allowed and subbed
blood on uniform; or signs of (but not for disqualified player); player allowed back in for youth,
concussion must be subbed blood on player or uniform or veterans, and disability teams.
and can return on any any sign of concussion (may Sub entering field without
stoppage if cleared by not return until cleared by permission – Indirect Free Kick to
medical personnel (not health care professional. When opponents.
charged with reentry) Bench player carded and subs 12 men on field when goal is
GK ejected (team plays short have already reported. All subs scored – Direct Free kick from
but may sub for GK-no sub must be beckoned onto field position of the extra player.
for other team. Player leaves except before start of a period. Free subs in youth soccer
field for equipment change Player leaving for improper
without sub, may return at equipment may be subbed for
next stoppage and after corrected may
reenter at next dead ball
continued Team in Possession: Throw- Team in Possession: Same as See above
in or corner kick (if sub, other NCAA
team may also sub). Players
must have reported to scorer
prior to ball going out of play
©2019 Don Dennison 5TOPIC NCAA HHS FED IFAB/FIFA
PLAYERS AND
RULE 3 RULE 3 LAW 3
SUBSTITUTES
When Substitute When beckoned on by When beckoned onto field by When the substitute actually
Becomes a Player referee during first 85 mins. of the referee enters the field (must be at the
of Record match. During last 5 mins., halfway line). Player being
when referee signals the replaced must leave the field at
clock to stop if the leading the nearest point on boundary
team substitutes line, not necessarily at the center
Restrictions of During 1st half and in each A player substituted for may Player replaced may not reenter
Substitution overtime period – no reentry. reenter an unlimited number of the match (this differs in many
One reentry in 2nd half (R3, times in the match local competitions and youth
Sec5). GK allowed one matches. (Refer to local league
reentry in each period and laws)
each overtime
Changing of Goal During any stoppage with Whenever clock is stopped or During any stoppage with
Keeper with Field referee’s permission. Verbal at a substitution time with after referee’s permission. Caution
Player warning to both players at notifying referee. Both players both players for violation when
next stoppage for violation. verbally warned for any ball is out of play
No sub from the bench for GK violation
during a penalty kick
Withdrawing a Sub is not required to enter Once beckoned onto field by No requirement
Reported but is charged with a reentry referee, sub must enter
Substitute
PLAYER’S
RULE 4 RULE 4 LAW 4
EQUIPMENT
Casts, Facemasks, Casts permitted if covered Hard casts or splints must be Referee’s discretion – check for
“Ankle Braces”, and not considered padded with closed cell foam safety and require padding if cast
Monitoring Devices dangerous by referee. at least 1/2” thick. Facemask, if is hard or dangerous. Soft
and head covers Facemasks permitted. worn, must be molded to the facemasks permitted if referee
Players may wear a device to face with no protrusions; player deems them not dangerous.
monitor data which can be must have a medical release at Head covers allowed if black or
used during the match game site signed by a same color as jersey. May not be
physician for use of mask; attached to jersey. Monitoring
Metal ankle braces must be devices (EPTS) allowed but may
worn inside socks; non-metal not be received or used during
may be worn outside of sock. the match in the technical area
Soft padded headbands Goalkeepers caps allowed
allowed. Capt. armband, if
worn, must be on arm. Heart
monitors allowed. Head
covering allowed if approved
by state. Hearing aids legal
Uniform Numbers 8” number of back of jersey 6” number of back of jersey Nothing specified in Laws
and 4” number on front of including GK, 4” number on
jersey including GK front of jersey or on shorts
©2019 Don Dennison 6TOPIC NCAA HHS FED IFAB/FIFA
PLAYER’S
RULE 4 RULE 4 LAW 4
EQUIPMENT
Visible Apparel Visible apparel worn under If worn under shorts or jersey, All visible undergarments (shirt or
Under Uniform and shirt or shorts, must be a solid all on team must be solid and shorts) must be same main color
Stockings color and recommended that like color and similar length as uniform shirt or shorts. Shirts
Including arm and it matches dominant color of Can differ from uniform color.. must have sleeves. Any tape or
leg sleeves (NFHS) the garment. Same color must Both socks must be of similar any material applied over the
be worn by all team members dominant color. If tape is stockings must be the same color
wearing undergarments applied over sock, it must be of as that part of the stocking
similar color as that part of the
sock.
Uniform Colors Home team responsible to Home Team – Jerseys and Nothing specified in Laws; no
ensure their uniforms (shirt socks must be dark color; political, religious, or personal
and socks) contrast to those visitors - white jerseys and statements permitted
of the visitor solid white socks.
Jerseys Tucked-In Not specified but generally Mandatory Not specified
required
Goal Keeper’s Jersey must differ from all Must differ from all other Must differ from all players and
Jersey and Socks field players and stockings players, but Jersey can be officials. May be same color as
must differ from opponent’s same color as opponent’s GK. opposing Goal Keeper
field players Socks must differ from
opponents’ socks
Jewelry Not permitted except for Not permitted, except medical Not permitted. Tape over is not
“Medic Alert” bracelets or or religious medals which must permitted
necklaces if taped to player’s be taped under uniform.
body. Sanction is clock to be “Medical Alert” bracelet must
stopped, player ordered off be taped and visible. Colored
field (no sub) until next sub mouth protectors allowed.
opportunity. Cannot tape over Cannot tape over
Shin guards NOCSAE standard required NOCSAE standard required. Shin guards required – no
Seal and height range of standard specified
player must be stamped on
outside
THE REFEREE RULE 5 RULE 5 LAW 5
System of Match Diagonal System of Control DSC, Dual (2 referee) or DSC Only – may use club
Control (DSC) shall be used. If 1 Double Dual (3 referee) linesmen if necessary. May use
official fails to appear, the systems authorized Additional Assist. Referees
dual system may be used (AAR) and video assistant
referees (VAR). Some youth
leagues may use only center ref.
©2019 Don Dennison 7TOPIC NCAA HHS FED IFAB/FIFA
THE REFEREE RULE 5 RULE 5 LAW 5
Power to Forfeit or Terminate if coach will not Forfeit if less than 7 players, Referee has no power to declare
Terminate Match end discussion or leave the however, if below 7 due to a forfeit but may suspend or
field; team refuses to return to equipment problem, minor terminate a match
field with 3 mins; failure to injury or blood, wait for
submit roster prior to match. treatment or correction.
If a team is not on field within Referee can terminate if team
15 mins of game time it is refuses to play, no cross-bar,
declared “no contest”. etc.
Referee can suspend game.
If game is terminated less
than 70 mins into match, it is
declared “no contest”
Authority Begins Begins when referee arrives Begins when referee enters Begins when officials enter the
and Ends at site and referee must arrive field or surroundings and at field area and ends when they
at least 30 minutes prior to least 15 mins. prior to start of leave
scheduled game time and game and ends when officials
authority ends when officials leave the field and its
leave the game site immediate surroundings
Referee Uniform Gold, orange, blue, or green As set by State Association, Shirts – Gold, black, green, red
with checkered grid pattern or but usually the same shirt as or blue, . Socks-black with three
black with white striping. USSF. Black shorts or long white top bands or solid black
Socks – black with 3 bands of trousers, black stockings with with logo mid-calf.. Caps not
white, gold, blue, orange or white top stripes specified but generally permitted
green, all dressed alike. Cap Predominantly black shoes. In if conditions warrant in club
permissible, Shoes-mainly some states, black and white matches. Not generally worn in
black. No jewelry except for striped shirts are worn. Solid top matches
watch. New referee shirts black cap may be worn. Shirt
were introduced in fall 2018. must differ from field players,
but not goalkeepers
Whistles and Hand Whistle used for kickoff, Whistles same as NCAA, used Whistle used for kick-off, penalty
Signals penalty kicks, and to signal also to signal restarts after kick, restarts and stoppages as
play stoppage. Other whistles substitutions, injuries and time necessary. Signals – same as
discretionary. Signals are stoppage; when a card is given NCAA except no specific signal
used for throw-in direction, and on encroachment; for clock stoppage. If needed,
indirect and direct free kick, discretionary if needed when one arm signal may be used for
goal corner kicks, corner and ball goes out of play. Hand advantage call instead of two
goal kicks, advantage with signals same as NCAA but arms. IFK signal need not be
verbal “play-on” Timeout adds a wind-up motion to start held after kick is taken if scoring
signal is specified clock after time has stopped; would be improbable
goal signal; one arm signal
may be used for advantage
call instead of two arms
©2019 Don Dennison 8TOPIC NCAA HHS FED IFAB/FIFA
THE REFEREE RULE 5 RULE 5 LAW 5
Time Keeping Home team clock is Referee keeps time only Referee keeps official time
official, referee takes by agreement of the and indicates how much
over on mal-function. coaches or state additional time is to be
Game ends when signal association – otherwise, added in half and match for
sounds or clock shows home team controls clock. time lost
0:00. Timer counts last Timer counts down last 10
10 seconds down to seconds.
zero. Last 5 mins. of
game, referee has
discretion to allow clock
to run or stop when
losing team player is
carded
Pre-game Conference Nothing specified at coin Head coach must attend Nothing specified in Laws
toss. with captain(s). Referee
address sportsmanship
and inquires of the
coaches if players are
properly and legally
equipped.
2nd Caution Mechanics for Display yellow card and Same as NCAA Same as NCAA
Displaying Cards then red card
sequentially.
Articles Worn by Officials Officials should not wear Same as NCAA Same as NCAA, however in
anything that is not senior and professional
allowed to be worn or leagues caps are not
carried by players usually worn
except watches and
caps.
Post-Game Score Verification All officials must sign Head referee must verify A match report to the
score book. Jurisdiction score appropriate authorities is
over the score and required
statistics ends upon
signing. Once score
sheet is signed and
released for publication,
coaches, players and
other personnel bear the
burden of errors.
Protests may be filed
only up to 48 hours after
game.
Ball strikes referee and Play on Play on Dropped ball to return
possession changes possession to team
originally in control
©2019 Don Dennison 9TOPIC NCAA HS FED IFAB/FIFA
THE A.R. and
OTHER RULE 6 RULE 6 LAW 6
OFFICIALS
Other game A time keeper and score A scored and timer are A 4th official may be used and in
personnel keeper are required. An preferably used designated by some leagues, additional
Alternate Official (AO) may be home school, but by assistant referees located
used. A minimum of 4 ball agreement of coaches, both beyond the goal lines.
persons over the age of 10 is functions may be performed by
recommended the head referee. At least 2
ball holders are provided by
home team. A 4th official may
be used.
Signal to Inform AR moves smartly to the No signal specified Same as NCAA
Referee that a Foul corner
by Defender was
Inside Penalty
Area
DURATION OF
RULE 7 RULE 7 LAW 7
GAME
Length of periods 2- 45 min. periods. In regular 2- 40 min. periods or 4-20 min 2-45 min. periods plus
season 2-10 min. sudden quarters allowances for time lost due to
victory overtimes. For post- Overtime allowed by state subs., injury, time wasting, etc.
season tournaments, see R association, up to 20 mins. The local rules of competition
7.1.2, which includes kicks maximum, sudden victory may may allow for 2 full overtime
from the penalty mark after be permitted by state during periods not to exceed 15 mins.
the overtime periods. Periods regular season. Post-season each as well as kicks from the
end when clock reaches 0:00 tie breaking procedures are left penalty mark.
even if no horn sounds. to state associations.
Official Game A suspended game of less Official game if one half has If less than full time is played and
than 70 minutes is declared been played. If suspended the match is abandoned, the
“no contest”. If at least 70 during the first half, state match must be replayed in its
mins. have been played the association determines if game entirety, if terminated competition
governing authority may is to be rescheduled from the authorities determine outcome.
declare it official. beginning or from the point of
suspension.
Half-time and 15 mins for half time except 10 minutes for half- time Players are entitled to a halftime
Overtime (OT) post-season by agreement, unless otherwise agreed by interval. It must not exceed 15
Intervals less by prior consent of coaches. Between end of mins.
coaches and officials. game and first OT period – 5
Between end of game and minutes. Time between
first OT period – 5 mins. overtime periods, 2 minutes.
Between overtime periods – 2
mins. Water break allowed if
temp is 86° or higher
©2019 Don Dennison 10TOPIC NCAA HS FED IFAB/FIFA
DURATION OF
RULE 7 RULE 7 LAW 7
GAME
Clock stops Goal, penalty kick, cards, & at Goal, penalty kick, yellow and Referee discretion, e.g. serious
discretion of referee (injury, red cards, and at discretion of injury, time wasting,
time wasting, etc.). Subs referee, (to assess possible substitutions. Clock does not
during last 5 mins. of 2nd half injury, time wasting, etc.) Subs technically stop but time is
by leading team and special during last 5 mins. of 2nd half “added on for time lost
TV timeouts. Also, if player by leading team
shows signs of concussion.
START OF PLAY RULE 8 RULE 8 LAW 8
Coin Toss – winner Choice of goal or kick off. Same as NCAA Same as NCAA.
Same procedure for 1st
sudden-victory overtime
period.
Kickoff Same as IFAB Same as IFAB Ball may be kicked in any
direction. Kicker may stand in
opponent’s half. Goal can be
scored from kickoff, but not own
goal
Drop Ball Where ball was when play Same as NCAA, but must also Goal cannot be scored directly
stopped. If in goal area, drop be 5 yds. from touch line. A from a dropped ball. It must first
on 6 yd. line nearest to goal may not be scored direct be touched by at least 2 players.
location of stoppage. Does from a drop ball. Any number If it goes directly into opponent’s
not require 2 opposing of players may contest at the goal – goal kick; if into own goal
players. Otherwise same as drop.(1 or more) – corner kick. Ball is dropped
IFAB before a single player, all other
players must be 4 meters away
BALL IN AND
RULE 9 RULE 9 LAW 9
OUT OF PLAY
Restart after injury, Drop ball where play was If one team or neither team is Same as NCAA, except no
inadvertent whistle, stopped by the referee except in clear possession, drop ball special goalkeeper provision. All
replaced cross bar, if in goal area, drop on 6 yd. otherwise IFK at spot of players must remain at least 4
etc. line nearest to location of stoppage if GK is in clear meters from the spot of the drop
stoppage. Does not require possession. Goal cannot be until ball is in play. Ball is
opposing players to be at the scored from a drop ball. Any dropped for one player and drop
drop spot; if injury and or number of players may take is uncontested
other stoppage and GK has part in drop ball. No longer
possession of ball when play requires players from each
stopped – then IFK to GK’s team to participate
team, unless stopped for a
foul.
©2019 Don Dennison 11TOPIC NCAA HS FED IFAB/FIFA
Ball strikes Considered as an outside Local ground rule to be Considered part of field. Ball
overhead wire or agent. Ball is dropped at discussed prior to game. No remains in play.
tree extending into nearest point where ball set rule.
field landed. (Interpretation from
NCAA rules editor)
RULE 10 RULE 10
LAW 10
SCORING No differences between the No differences between the
No differences between the three
three three
RULE 11 RULE 11 LAW 11
OFFSIDE See Footnote on page 18 See Footnote on page 18 See Footnote on page 18
Same as IFAB Same as IFAB
VIOLATIONS AND
RULE 12 RULE 12 LAW 12
MISCONDUCT
Caution-Reasons Entering or leaving field w/o Same as NCAA – also use of Unsporting behavior (includes
(Yellow Card) referee permission; persistent video or communication, etc. to removing jersey when
infringement of rules; dissent; assist in coaching; use of celebrating a goal and simulating
incidental profane language; tobacco at game site. any action to deceive referee),
unsporting conduct (includes Unsporting conduct includes dissent, persistent infringement
taunting and excessive coaching outside of box, faking of laws, delays restart,
celebration); delays restart; injury, simulating a foul, encroachment on free kicks and
encroachment of free kicks excessive goal celebration, corner kicks, enters, re-enters or
and corner kicks; coach may reckless play. Cautioned leaves the field without referee’s
be cautioned for coaching player must go off, if subbed permission, excessive
outside of team area. Coach for, may return at next celebration that causes safety or
and bench personnel may be opportunity to sub. Coach may security concerns, Coach and
carded. (yellow or red) be cautioned for team or bench bench personnel can be carded,
misconduct that cannot be as well as subs on bench .
attributed to specific player. Some DOGSO offenses in
Coach and bench personnel penalty area when attempting to
CAN be carded (yellow or red). play the ball. Reckless
Coach carded if player illegally challenges
equipped and player must go
off until next sub time Any
subsequent illegal equipment
infractions-player is carded,
not coach. Note that taunting is
a red card. Delayed or
excessive acts to focus
attention on player or prohibits
timely restart. Foul on obvious
goal scoring opportunity, but
goal scored.
©2019 Don Dennison 12TOPIC NCAA HS FED IFAB/FIFA
VIOLATIONS AND
RULE 12 RULE 12 LAW 12
MISCONDUCT
Ejection-Reasons Serious foul play; violent 2nd caution (cannot be Serious foul play or challenge
(Red Card) behavior; fighting; spits at replaced); violent conduct; (includes any tackle which
anyone; denies an obvious taunting; serious foul play; endangers safety of opponent);
goal-scoring opportunity-see hand ball to prevent goal if ball violent conduct; spits at anyone;
DOGSO footnote on page 18; does not go into goal, foul denies an obvious goal-scoring
uses hostile or abusive, against an opponent who is opportunity (see footnote on last
language or harassment that moving toward goal with an page) by handling or any offense
refers to race, religion, sex, obvious opportunity to score punishable by a free kick; uses
sexual orientation or national (DOGSO), spitting at an offensive, insulting or abusive
origin, or other threatening or opponent, teammate or official; language or gestures; biting or
obscene language, behavior using offensive, insulting or spitting; receives a 2nd caution.
or conduct; receives a 2d abusive language or gestures; Red card cannot be shown to
caution; 3rd occurrence of leaves bench when a fight is coach or non-player; some youth
coaching outside of team taking place. Coach and bench leagues differ. Excessive force
area. Coach and bench may may be carded. challenges. Coach and bench
be carded personnel can be carded
Player on field at Team plays short in the next Team does not have to remove Same as NCAA
end of period is half a player to start the next period
ejected or R12.8.2 Situation F
disqualified during
the interval
Charging May not be charged or Keeper cannot be charged in May be fairly charged if going for
Goalkeeper interfered with while in his penalty area unless the ball other than with his/her
possession of ball within his dribbling ball with his feet or hands. May not be charged while
penalty area obstructing holding ball or having possession
of the same
Addressing Only captain permitted unless Only team captain should No provision
Referee Between summoned by referee. 1st. address referee
periods occur. Verbal warning, 2nd
occur, Caution, 3rd. occur.
Ejection
FREE KICKS RULE 13 RULE 13 LAW 13
Direct free kick Spitting, kicking or attempt to Basically the same as NCAA, Same as NCAA, but specifies
Offenses (See kick, striking or attempt, but specifies also charging an also tackling an opponent in a
footnote) tripping or attempt, using opponent while the opponent manner deemed careless,
blood to assault, jumping at, in the act of playing the ball, reckless or with excessive force.
handling ball, holding, has both feet off of the ground. Impeding progress when there is
pushing, charging violently, Spitting at an opponent. contact; assault on official, team
violently fouling goalkeeper mate or non-player. Biting
while in possession of ball in anyone, Sent off player, sub or
the penalty area, all against team official who enters field and
an opponent. interferes with play or opponent.
Throwing or kicking ball onto field
to interfere
©2019 Don Dennison 13TOPIC NCAA HhHS FED. IIFAB/FIFA
FREE KICKS RULE 13 RULE 13 LAW 13
Indirect free kick Playing ball a 2nd time before Same as NCAA, but no Dangerous play, impedes
offenses (See it is played or touched by mention of restart for 2nd progress of opponent when there
Footnote) another player at kickoff, violation of improper coaching is no contact, prevents
throw-in, free kick, corner from touchline. Adds that if goalkeeper from releasing ball,
kick, goal kick or penalty kick; play is stopped for misconduct commits any offense not
GK holds ball more than 6 of player, coach or bench and sanctioned by a direct free kick
secs. sub at improper time or no other restart takes for which play is stopped to
without being beckoned by precedence, an IFK is caution or send off a player;
referee; persons other than awarded. Spitting at team mate goalkeeper takes more than 6
players and or game official. If on field, seconds. before releasing ball;
ARs entering field with from spot of offence, if off field, touches ball again with hands
referee permission; improper from spot where ball was, after releasing goalkeeper
coaching from the touchline when match stopped. touches ball with hands after it
after verbal warning; dissent; Dangerous play may involve has been deliberately kicked to
unsporting behavior (includes opponent or a team mate him by team-mate, or handles
excessive celebration) or Player, coach or bench the ball on a throw in to him by
inappropriate language; personnel enters or leaves team-mate, offside.
dangerous play involving an field w/o permission of an All verbal offences. An offense
opponent; offside; charging official and does not interfere committed outside field with ball
when ball is not within playing with play. in play against own team, IFK
distance unless obstructed; from boundary line.
interfering with goalkeeper
before release of ball; illegal
obstruction; leaving field
without referee permission;
goalkeeper receives ball in
the hands deliberately kicked
or thrown by teammate;
goalkeeper handles ball after
relinquishing possession; use
of tobacco; when game is
stopped for injury to goal
keeper when in possession of
ball. Assaulting a game
official, team mate or non-
player
PENALTY KICKS RULE 14 RULE 14 LAW 14
Ball Placement and On the 9” spot or 2 foot line. Same as NCAA On the penalty mark. Keeper
keeper position Keeper must have two feet on need only have one foot of the
goal line goal line and can take one step
in anticipation of the kick.
Stutter stepping or Same as IFAB – Player Same as IFAB – cannot fully Permitted – no infraction if during
faking by the kicker cannot stop completely stop and there is continuous run-up to kick. Cannot stop fully
movement toward the ball
©2019 Don Dennison 14TOPIC NCAA HS FED IFAB/FIFA
PENALTY KICKS RULE 14 RULE 14 LAW 14
Player taking kick If ball goes directly out of play Goal kick if ball goes directly Indirect free kick given to
infringes or team- without being touched – goal over goal line. If deflected out defenders at the point of
mate encroaches kick. If ball rebounds into or by goal keeper or ball bounces infraction. If GK and kicker both
and ball does not out of play, an indirect free into play – Indirect free kick to offend and ball goes into goal,
go into goal kick is awarded defenders. If saved by goal indirect free kick and caution to
keeper, play continues keeper.
Kicks from the No player reduction if other Same as NCAA Coach selects If one team playing short, other
penalty spot/mark team is less than 11. Coach the first 5 kickers. If still tied, 5 team, must reduce number of
(tiebreaker) not allowed in center circle different players are selected. kickers to equalize, coach not
during kicks. 10 kickers to be Any player on the roster may permitted on field. Each team
designated from the roster to take part. Coach and non- must have same number of
remain at center circle. Order kickers must remain in team kickers. Only players on the field
can be changed if more kicks area at the end of the match may take
required. Need not have been part. Kickers to remain in center
on field at end of match. circle. After all are taken order
Referee selects goal to be can be changed
used
Kicker plays ball Kick is retaken Indirect free kick to defenders Indirect Free Kick to defenders
backwards and caution to offender
After kick is taken, Kick is retaken Kick is retaken Same as NCAA
but before being
touched by another
player or hits the
goal, necessitating
a suspension (i.e.
outside agent).
THROW-IN RULE 15 RULE 15 LAW 15
Position of Same as IFAB Same as IFAB All must stand no less than 2
Defenders meters (2 yards) from the point
on the touchline from where the
throw-in is to be taken, may not
jump about or distract – caution
is given.
Ball never enters Throw-in awarded to Same as NCAA Throw-in retaken. Cannot kneel
field opponent or sit. Must stand
Throw-in by No provision Legal – One-handed throw-in Same as HS Fed
impaired player allowed in such cases
using only one
hand
“Stickum” to Not allowed. Also applies to No provision No provision
enhance grip goalkeepers
©2019 Don Dennison 15TOPIC NCAA HS FED IFAB/FIFA
GOAL KICK RULE 16 RULE 16 LAW 16
Ball is in play and When it leaves the penalty Same as NCAA Ball is in play as soon as kick is
Free Kicks in area taken and ball clearly moves.
penalty area Ball need not leave penalty area.
Also for free kicks in the penalty
area
Moving ball in goal No prohibition unless Once spotted, ball may not be Same as NCAA
area after it is movement is for purposes of moved to another part of goal
spotted time wasting area
RULE 17 RULE 17
LAW 17
CORNER KICK No significant differences in No significant differences in
No significant differences in the
the three sets of Rules and the three sets of Rules and
three sets of Rules and Laws
Laws Laws
MISCELLANEOUS
Foul indicated by Flag held vertically overhead Flag held vertically overhead Same as NCAA, but make eye
Assistant Referee with a slight circular wave until referee acknowledges and contact with referee before
then a slight circular wave of waving flag
the flag is made and point in
direction of restart
Coach conveying Coach cannot leave coaching No restriction, coach may give Only one person at a time is
tactical information and team area to give instructions to team during an allowed to convey tactical
to team and coach instruction. Cannot instruct injury. Coach may use instructions from the technical
and player during an injury. Coach may electronic equipment and area
restrictions use electronic tablet or dry- tablets on sideline, but cannot
erase board. No player, use them to communicate with
coach or team rep. except players during play.
captain may approach or
speak to referee between
periods, unless summoned by
referee. Coach permitted to
view from press box and can
communicate with bench
electronically but not with
players
Future Possible elimination of None presently known Goal line technology may be
Requirements or overtime, referee keeps used. Leagues may allow
proposals under official clock, and modification “penalty box” or sin-bin for
consideration of substitution rules. (under cautioned players (youth, etc.)
consideration)
Protest by Coach Allowed up to 48 hours after No protests permitted No Provision
end of match. Only granted if
it has impact on game
outcome
Outside agent Drop ball Drop ball Referee can award goal if the
touches ball as it touch had no impact on the
goes into goal defenders
©2019 Don Dennison 16TOPIC NCAA HS FED IFAB/FIFA
MISCELLANEOUS
Video Review Equip. must be at field level No provision May be used
or scorer’s table. Call on field Video Assistant Referees (VAR)
can only be overturned if Now used in MLS and
evidence is indisputable. Only elsewhere
four situations can be
reviewed: ball over goal line
for a goal, identify players for
discipline, determine if a fight
occurred, violent behavior
and to identify participants.
Ball in Play on Ball must be touched and Ball must be kicked and visibly Same as HS Fed. Note for free
Free Kicks moved moved kicks by defender in the penalty
area, in play when ball is kicked
Restart after No contest may be started or No similar provision No similar provision
Delays restarted more than 3 hours
after the originally scheduled
start time unless mutually
agreed upon prior to the start
of the game.
Referee does not Same as IFAB Same as IFAB IFK is retaken
give signal for an
IFK and ball is
kicked directly into
goal
Footnote to the IFAB Offside Law 11 concerning interpretation of “INTERFERING” and “GAINING AN ADVANTAGE”.
“Interfering with an Opponent” means preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly
obstructing the opponent’s line of vision or movement for challenging an opponent for the ball.
“Gaining an Advantage” by being in an offside position means playing a ball that (1) rebounds or is deflected to him/her off
the goal post, crossbar or an opponent; (2) that rebounds or is deflected to him/her from a deliberate save by an
opponent; (3) receiving the ball from an opponent who deliberately plays the ball such as a miskick or misdirected header
(except for a deliberate save), is not considered to have gained an advantage and is not offside.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Footnote regarding DOGSO
IFAB Law 12 regarding DOGSO: In IFAB Laws of the Game, if the offense occurs inside the penalty area a penalty kick is
awarded. A caution is awarded if the foul was an attempt to play the ball. It’s still a penalty kick and a red card for
handling, holding, pushing, pulling or violent conduct and serious foul challenges. If direct free kick offense occurs outside
of the penalty area, and denies an obvious goal, a red card is given. This is also in effect for NCAA. Note that in NCAA
DOGSO outside of the penalty area must be a direct free kick foul, whereas in IFAB any free kick offense.
Footnote regarding free kicks – In IFAB Laws, attacking team must be at least 1 meter away from the defensive wall until
the ball is in play. “Wall” is defined as 3 or more defensive players
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