8 The Need for Adequate Representation - La Necesidad de una Representación Adecuada - El Semanario
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8 Abril 2021
Digital Edition
The Need for Adequate Representation
La Necesidad de una Representación Adecuada 8
Photo/Foto: AdobeStock SUPPORT INDEPENDENT MEDIA
8 Abril 2021
Table of Contents
Volume No. XXXI Issue 21
Chris M. Fresquez
President /
CEO - Publisher TABLA DE CONTENIDOS
Toni C. Fresquez
Editor
3 PASSING THE BATON TO THE NEXT GENERATION
Mathew Carasco
Finance Director 4 THE NEW ERA OF IMMIGRANTS
Juan Carlos Uribe
Translator /
4 LA NUEVA ERA DE LOS INMIGRANTES
Web Services
5 ICE’S WATCHDOG AGENCY CONFIRMS DANGEROUS CONDITIONS
David Martinez
Circulation 6 SUPPORT FOR FAMILIES’ NEEDS TO BE PERMANENT
Raya Tkachenko
Layout/Production 7 IT WORKS FOR ADULTS. WILL IT WORK FOR KIDS?
7 FUNCIONA PARA LOS ADULTOS. ¿FUNCIONA CON LOS NIÑOS?
8 DELAY IN CENSUS RESULTS THREATENS 2021 REDISTRICTING
LETTERS
9 DEMORA EN RESULTADOS DEL CENSO AMENAZA REDISTRIBUCIÓN DE
THE WEEKLY ISSUE / El DISTRITOS EN 2021
Semanario, welcomes letters
to the editor. It is not possible to 10 CCPJC OF DENVER REFLECTS ON ESSENTIAL JUSTICE
publish every letter received.
Letters must be 300 words 10 EL CCPJC DE DENVER REFLEXIONA SOBRE LA JUSTICIA ESENCIAL
or less to be considered.
Each letter maybe published 12 GOV. LUJAN GRISHAM SIGNS COMMUNITY SOLAR ACT
anonymously for valid reasons
and at the discretion of the 12 LA GOBERNADORA LUJÁN GRISHAM FIRMA LA LEY DE ENERGÍA SOLAR
editor. COMUNITARIA
12 REGISTER AND BE READY TO GET VACCINATEDLGBTQ VETERANS
How to Reach Us: 14 FAMILIES NEED PAID LEAVE TO RECOVER FROM PANDEMIC
THE WEEKLY ISSUE / 14 PRIVATE PRISON COMPANY POISONED IMMIGRANTS AT ADELANTO FOR A
El Semanario
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Our Mailing Address:
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Greenwood Village CO 80111
New Mexico: 15 FLORIDA WORKERS RACE TO PREVENT MASSIVE SPILL
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3 8 Abril 2021
Commentary/Commentario
Passing the Baton to the Next Generation
Ramón Del Castillo, PhD impulse, buried in the conscious-
ness of one’s soul, driving someone
E
arlier generations of peo- to use force and violence in meet-
ple often wonder how and ing his or her needs? Or are human
to whom the baton will be beings seeking out goodness with
passed—a symbol that struggle will an aspiration to heal a collective
continue in this unjust world. soul wound? I have read and stud-
Sofia García had trekked down ied those who espouse a philoso-
Photo: Ramón Del Castillo
the path with the César Chávez phy of nonviolence as a method for
marchers in 2009. She played a achieving social justice in the world
starring role that year; she carried for many years, but I also under-
stand social movements through-
Photo: Courtesy Jim García
the banner of La Virgen de Guada-
lupe during the march—a tradition out history wherein human beings
that the United Farm Workers prac- engaged in violence and war. that opens our hearts and prepares
ticed for many years during its pil- It takes courage to act upon us for the inevitable battles in our
grimages, marches and rallies and one's convictions and to confront world. Fear is poison. Courage is the
which the César Chávez Peace and evil couched in immoral authority medicine that will heal the wound-
Sofia García carrying the banner of La Virgen de Guadalupe at the César Chávez
Justice Committee of Denver emu- march in 2009, Denver, CO.
and a society that has collectively ed spirit. You may not always be
late. La Virgen is the spiritual protec- lost its willingness to implement its victorious over your fears, but you
toress of the Brown eyed children of munity. Because of the pandemic, Pueda! (2019), written by Stacey K. statutory commitment to its peo- can minimize the losses that lead
the sun as they struggle for social there was no march. Sowards, the author states, “As a ple. Chávez took control of moral to destructive behavior. If violence
justice against all odds. She is a spir- “Everyone having a seat at the farm worker organizer and a co- authority when others refused to, is an extension of hatred; then we
itual guia during our marches as we table,” was Sofia’s metaphor for so- founder of the United Farm Work- using courage and his God-given become our own enemies when
call upon our antepasados to join us cial justice—the idea that all voic- ers union, Dolores has demon- agency to act upon his world. Re- we are violent. Hatred destroys the
to walk with pride and dignity. es should be represented in a just strated a lifelong commitment and garding courage, Nelson Mande- individual internally and destroys
Ms. García stated, “When I was world. Her values, imparted to her social justice orientation to fighting la, stated in his memoirs, “I learned your brother externally.
asked to carry the banner of the Vir- at a young age—speak of the sa- for the rights of the poor and op- In the final analysis, man's do-
“
gen Mary, I felt empowered, espe- credness of each human being, pressed.” minion over others has to be
cially with such an amazing crowd with a right to freedom and liber- Based on what just happened brought to justice. Someone has
of passionate community people ty. The social consciousness she in Atlanta, Georgia and Boulder, to have the courage to act on his
with conviction.” possesses is a very mature view Colorado, that is, useless massa- La Virgen is the spiritual or her moral authority when a so-
At the young age of 9, she had of what life should be about but cres, I thought I would make a few protectoress of the Brown ciety’s laws are unjust and when
heard stories about many of the rooted in the realities of the world. remarks about one of the essential eyed children of the governments refuse to implement
Chicano Movement leaders—indi- She has thoughts of attending law gifts that César Chávez vowed to sun as they struggle for just laws; someone has to restore
viduals who had made supreme school. I think that she has already abide by in the union’s struggle for social justice against all humanity, balance out the ongoing
sacrifices to stand up against the accepted the baton with all of its re- social justice—nonviolence, some- odds. She is a spiritual struggle of human beings against
oppressive forces that had kept sponsibilities in a very humble way. thing he preached at the pulpit in guia during our marches the oppressive forces that seem-
the group invisible. She recollect- América’s fields where farmwork- as we call upon our ingly dominate human life. That
ed writing a school report where Nonviolence is Essential in ers had been subjected to violence antepasados to join us takes ultimate courage. Chávez’
she wrote, “Marches demonstrate Fighting for Social Justice by strike breakers, teamster goons to walk with pride and philosophy of nonviolence was
a way of standing up for others Below is the speech I delivered and on many occasions, an un- dignity. not a cowardly act. He challenged
who have rights that are not being after the Mass at Regis University, friendly public. farmworkers and their sympathiz-
followed.” The silent message in honoring Cesar Chavez on March Violence comes in many forms ers to engage in non-violent forms
marches demonstrates dissatisfac- 27th as part of the César Chávez and can be demonstrated in many that courage was not the absence of social protest and civil disobedi-
tion at the current social arrange- Peace and Justice Committee of behavioral manifestations. Sepa- of fear, but the triumph over it. The ence. He challenged his followers
ments. It appears that her political Denver’s 20th annual celebration rating children from their parents brave [person] is not he who does to walk the moral high ground. En-
consciousness was being shaped honoring the late humanitarian. is an act of violence, with a long- not feel afraid, but [one] who con- gaging in nonviolence did not mean
at this time in her life. *** term devastating impact on the quers that fear.” that he was a coward. He knew that
As a middle school student, Ms. I want to thank Regis University, psychology of children. Incarcer- Fear is the serpent that devours farmworkers were also fighting for
García learned about restorative jus- Dr. Nicki Gonzales, Fr. Kevin Burke, ating children in cages is an act of our creative energies, leading us respect and human dignity.
tice—a community-based approach Vice President of Mission, and other violence, a tragic and humiliating down paths to self and collective
to restoring justice and balance in Regis staff members who gave so experience with long term psycho- destruction. Courage is the dove See Del Castillo on page 18
community when things become graciously of their time to collabo- logical consequences. Depriving
imbalanced. She also played a men- rate with the Cesar Chavez Peace workers of a livable wage and safe-
torship role in the Latinx Student Al- and Justice Committee of Denver guards against a pandemic is vio-
liance, designed to share local his- for its 20th year celebration. Cel- lence against humanity. To otherize
tories. As she stated, “We hosted ebrating a Catholic mass was part another person or group through
historical events, for example, the of César Chávez’ tradition as farm- racist rhetoric is violence; albeit vio-
history of the Treaty of Guadalupe workers continued their struggle lence of the tongue. This country is
Hidalgo,” which to many was con- for economic and social justice. in crisis, suffering from violence and
sidered the supreme law of the land. The partnership we have estab- hate. Hate is generally manifested
Ms. García is now a Junior at Re- lished for the last several years with through violence.
gis University studying Politics, with Regis University demonstrates true What inspired César Chávez to
a Minor in Peace and Justice. On generosity as its best. practice nonviolence as a tool for
March 27th, 2021 she came to cele- I am glad to report that Dolores creating social justice? He knew
brate her father, Jim García, founder Huerta is on viral as we speak. The that no one had the right to destroy
and current CEO of Tepeyac Com- committee always pays respect another human life. He knew that
munity Health Center. Tepeyac re- to Dolores Huerta, co-founder of violence was a reaction to fear. He
ceived the César Chávez Peace the United Farm Workers (UFW), also knew that the antidote to fear is
and Justice Organization Award for who has become a national icon. courage. Are human beings innate-
leadership and service to the com- In the latest book on her life, (Si Ella ly violent, with an innate negative
8 Abril 2021 4
Commentary/Commentario
The New Era of Immigrants
David Torres just a few months ago. Both posi- on migrant communities during the geon, which is expected to become
tions clearly define the essence of past four years. There is still much even more drastic as days go on.
I
t’s certainly symptomatic to their final objective. to be done, of course. The misleading scenario in which
see how the combined nar- It is obvious that we have entered That’s why it is little wonder that said opposition is trying to re-intro-
ratives on the topic of immi- into a new era—politically speaking the now-opposition is trying to dis- duce to their “four horsemen” of the
gration show the true intentions of and in immigration terms—without tort the migration dynamic with a Republican “apocalypse”—name-
Photo/Foto: America’s Voice
those addressing the situation of letting the echoes of the recent su- strategy for political newbies. Con- ly: xenophobia, racism, anti-immi-
thousands of immigrants who, even premacist past that emanated from sider for example the visit last month grant sentiment, and supremacy—
in this century, consider the United the White House during the prior to the Mexican border of a group of is nothing more than the bait with
States to be their only salvation. administration, repeat themselves. Republican legislators, with the pur- which they want to lure the Demo-
The contrasts, of course, are ev- And it’s also clear that this new turn pose of not just “witnessing,” but cratic side to incite a blame game
ident, especially trying to resolve of the screw that the current ad- geographically marking the begin- that distracts attention from the real
this problem from a humanitarian ministration has begun is making ning of their campaign to try to inoc- priorities (migrant children, Dream-
point of view, like now, and not with the U.S. migration outlook change ulate in their followers’ conscienc- ers, the 11 million undocument- from the ancient roots of the migra-
the blunt tool of xenophobia and and has come to alleviate, to a large es the idea of a “major crisis” at that ed immigrants, essential workers, tion phenomenon, which has more
anti-immigrant sentiment, as it was extent, the huge damage inflicted place, to blame it on, of course, the to do with the socio-economic sys-
“
current administration, as if the rest tem that rules our lives than with an
of the people, and they themselves, entirely border-focused problem.
didn’t know that the eternal border In that sense, the current White
problem was exacerbated during The presence of these House would actually do a disser-
the presidency of Donald Trump. migrants who are still vice by dedicating too much time
Said Republican visit, at bottom, arriving at the border and effort to refuting an already
has also simultaneously been a tells us that that rhetoric well-worn rhetoric known for its
type of insult to the nation’s intel- no longer works in the cruelty and its failure; in any case,
ligence, which now understands 21st century, but belongs and with the goal of truly advanc-
even better the real purpose of the to a horrible past that ing and putting this new chapter of
so-called Trumpism/Neo- Repub- no one, especially this the pro-immigrant movement on
licanism; but above all has been an country, wants to repeat. the offense, intelligently, it would
insult to the immigrants in need of be much better to focus on a new
a better life, especially the unac- philosophy of migration and being
companied children, which they are TPS beneficiaries, farmworkers,
beginning to use as a political blud- COVID-19 vaccines, et cetera) and See Torres on page 5
La Nueva Era de los Inmigrantes
David Torres infligido a las comunidades de mi- si el resto de la población, y ellos
grantes durante los pasados cuatro mismos, no supiera que la eterna
E
s ciertamente sintomáti- años. Falta mucho por hacer, por problemática fronteriza se exacer-
co ver cómo las narrativas supuesto. bó durante el gobierno de Donald
amalgamadas por el tema Trump.
migratorio exhiben las verdaderas Dicha visita republicana, en el
“
intenciones de quienes abordan fondo, ha sido al mismo tiempo una
la situación de los miles de inmi- especie de insulto a la inteligencia
grantes que, aún en este siglo, con- La presencia de esos de esta nación, que ahora entiende
sideran a Estados Unidos como su migrantes que aún llegan aún más el verdadero propósito
única salvación. a la frontera nos indica del llamado trumpismo-neorre-
Los contrastes, por cierto, son que dicha retórica no publicanismo; pero sobre todo ha
evidentes, sobre todo cuando se funciona ya en el Siglo sido un insulto a los inmigrantes
trata de resolver el problema desde XXI, sino que pertenece en necesidad de una mejor vida,
el punto de vista humanitario, como a un horrible pasado que en especial los menores no acom-
ahora, y no desde el filoso ámbito nadie, especialmente este pañados, a los que empiezan a uti-
de la xenofobia y del sentimiento país, quiere repetir. lizar como escudo de un golpeteo
antiinmigrante, como hasta apenas político que se prevé más drástico
hace unos cuantos meses. Ambas al paso de los días.
posturas definen con claridad la es- Ese engañoso escenario en
encia del objetivo final. Por eso no es de extrañar que el que dicha oposición intenta
Es obvio que hemos entrado la ahora oposición intente tergiver- además volver a introducir a sus
en una nueva era —políticamente sar la dinámica migratoria con una “cuatro jinetes del apocalipsis” re-
hablando y en términos migra- estrategia para principiantes en publicano —a saber: xenofobia,
torios— sin que dejen de retumbar política. Pongamos como ejemplo racismo, sentimiento atiinmigrante
en la conciencia los ecos de ese la visita recientemente del grupo y supremacía—, no es más que el
reciente pasado supremacista que de legisladores republicanos a la cebo con el que quieren atraer a la
emanaba de la Casa Blanca duran- frontera con México, más que para parte demócrata para enfrascarse
te el anterior gobierno. Y también “atestiguar”, para ubicar geográfi- en una saga de “dimes y diretes”
es cierto que esta nueva vuelta de camente el inicio de su campaña que desvíe la atención de las ver-
tuerca que ha emprendido la pre- tendiente a inocular en la concien- daderas prioridades (menores mi-
sente administración está hacien- cia de sus seguidores la idea de grantes, Dreamers, los 11 millones
do virar el horizonte migratorio es- “una enorme crisis” en ese lugar, de indocumentados, trabajadores
tadounidense y ha venido a paliar, para achacársela, por supuesto,
en buena medida, el gran daño a la actual administración, como Vea Torres/Esp, página 17
5 8 Abril 2021
Commentary/Commentario
ICE’s Watchdog Agency Confirms Dangerous Conditions
Eunice Cho and Yvette Borja As the Government Accountability starting with facilities that have seri-
Office concluded in a recent report, ous records of abuse, were opened
L
ast week, the Department many of the new facilities opened without clear justification, or are in
of Homeland Security’s in- during the Trump administration remote locations. There is no time
ternal watchdog agency re- lacked justification for use, and to waste: It is time to put an end to
leased a damning report that shed were awarded contracts that pro- ICE’s detention machine.
new light on dangerous conditions vided unnecessary “guaranteed
at La Palma Correctional Center, an minimum bed” provisions — pay- Eunice Cho is a Senior Staff
Immigration and Customs Enforce- ments for beds, even if not in use. Attorney with the American Civil
ment detention center in Eloy, Ari- As the OIG’s report demon- Liberties Union. Yvette Borja
Photo: ACLU
Photo: ACLU
zona. The Office of Inspector Gen- strates, immigration detention fa- is a Border Litigation Attorney,
eral’s investigation confirmed the cilities are plagued by dangerous American Civil Liberties Union of
dangerous use of force, abuse, and conditions and abuse of detained Arizona.
lack of medical care at La Palma as ple, did not require guards to wear trusted to their care.” Indeed, the people. The Biden administration
COVID-19 swept through the facil- masks, and “did not enforce ICE’s OIG found that La Palma’s medical can act quickly to terminate exist- Read More Commentary:
ity and revealed troubling details COVID-19 precautions, including unit was “understaffed, operating ing contracts for detention facilities, ELSEMANARIO.US
about ICE’s mismanagement of de- facial coverings and social distanc- below requirements.” These short-
tention during the pandemic. ing,” noting that “this failure may ages created delays in critical care,
have contributed to the widespread refills for essential medications, and
COVID-19 outbreak at the facility.” medical visits. The report also found
“
Notably, La Palma had one of the failures regarding the grievance
largest COVID-19 outbreaks of any system and critical communication
immigration detention facility in for detained people, including fail-
In April 2020, detained the country, with over 700 people ure to provide people with depor-
people at La Palma eventually infected with the virus. tation officer visits or call schedules.
held peaceful protests Most shocking is the OIG’s con- Most grievances reviewed received
to request protective firmation of abuse at La Palma. In delayed responses or no response
equipment, such as April 2020, detained people at La at all. Despite this, ICE has main-
masks and hand Palma held peaceful protests to re- tained that they have taken respon-
sanitizer, to protect quest protective equipment, such sibility for the well-being of those
themselves from the as masks and hand sanitizer, to pro- detained in their custody.
spread of COVID-19. tect themselves from the spread of Unfortunately, the abuses un-
However, in response, COVID-19. However, in response, derlying the OIG’s report at La Pal-
“staff deployed chemical “staff deployed chemical agents ma are not uncommon. Instances
agents from the ceiling,” from the ceiling,” deployed “pepper of the use of force, including pep-
deployed “pepper spray spray from handheld devices,” and per spray, pepper balls, and spray
from handheld devices,” launched pepper balls against de- grenades, have increased against
and launched pepper tainees. Facility officials later pun- immigrants in detention during the
balls against detainees. ished detainees with lengthy stays COVID-19 pandemic. The number
in solitary confinement. As a letter of people who died in ICE custody
that we sent to ICE on behalf of during 2020 was the highest it has
detained protestors reported, one been in 15 years.
In unusually strong language, CoreCivic guard told the protestors: La Palma became an ICE de-
the OIG concluded that condi- “I am locking you down because it tention facility in 2019, as part of
tions at La Palma “threatened the is my job. I don’t care who lives and the Trump administration’s rapid
health, safety, and rights of detain- who dies.” expansion of the immigration de-
ees,” and “created an environment The OIG’s report also confirms tention system. After California’s
of mistreatment and abuse.” The that La Palma failed to meet base- criminal justice reforms eliminat-
OIG’s report confirms that the fa- line medical standards, leading to ed its use of out-of-state prisons,
cility failed to provide basic protec- the “risk [of] endangering the health CoreCivic set out in search of new
tive equipment to detained peo- and well-being of detainees en- people to fill its beds at La Palma.
Torres
aware that defending this new gen- other waves of immigrants, are tell- But one doesn’t have to think
eration of migrant children at the ing us that this is not the end of the too hard to realize that, regardless
border, for example, is at the same story, as Trumpism/Neo-Republi- of the difficulties involved, it will
time protecting in many ways the fu- canism tries to convince its follow- always be more beneficial in the
ture of the United States: not only in ers using the same insulting rhetoric. short, medium, and long term to
demographic terms, but as that new The presence of these migrants who continue being a welcoming na-
impulse that every society needs in are still arriving at the border tells us tion in the eyes of the world and
historic moments such as this. that that rhetoric no longer works in not a xenophobic and racist coun-
Because if there are still those the 21st century, but belongs to a try in the eyes of history.
who believe in the United States as horrible past that no one, especially
their life’s destiny, like these chil- this country, wants to repeat. David Torres is a Spanish-
dren, the country must learn from And it is in this transition where language Advisor at América’s
this demonstration of hope and the two positions embark on a clash Voice.
courage to maintain an advanced of the titans, the result of which, of
society, right now and in the future. course, will determine the type of Read More Commentary:
Essentially, the border and the country the United States really ELSEMANARIO.US
children who arrive there, just like wants to be.
8 Abril 2021 6
Commentary / Commentario
Support for Families’ Needs to Be Permanent
Sung Yeon Choimorrow These fixes need to be more of caregiving while simultaneous- moms—it only exacerbated them.
than temporary. ly devaluing our work. We haven't Mothers of color especially have
O
ne year ago, my sched- The United States is the only failed. This country has failed us. always been fighting an uphill bat-
ule, like that of so many wealthy nation in the world to not The ethos of personal responsi- tle against stagnating wages, rising
other working moms, was offer paid family leave, and one of bility dominates politics in this coun- costs, and with little help from the
filled to the brim with business trips, few without subsidized child care. try, despite its devastating conse- government.
preschooler birthday parties for Women, including Asian Ameri- quences. Covid-19 so far has taken U.S. Rep. Grace Meng, a Demo-
my daughter, and social time with can and Pacific Islander women, at least 540,000 lives from us and crat from New York, recently intro-
my partner and friends. Then it all are overrepresented in low-wage it isn't done yet, but the governors duced the Marshall Plan for Moms,
came to a screeching halt when the jobs, and the wage gap persists. of Texas and Mississippi are forcing a blueprint for restoring mothers
country was shut down. With less money in our pocket and their constituents to fend for them- in the workforce. The bill includes
Photo: NAPAWF
As a mom, the toughest part has no universal health care program, selves after ending mask mandates robust paid family leave, a feder-
been helping my 5-year-old daugh- many of us can't afford the care we and reopening their states 100%. al minimum wage increase to $15
ter adjust to the changes, and the need. From making ends meet to making an hour, mental health support for
logistics of my working from home Almost one million mothers have sure our kids are learning and grow- allow us to take care of ourselves
with an active young child. While I'm left the workforce since the start of ing, moms feel like it's up to us to and our families when we need to.
“
thankful to be in an equal partner- the pandemic to meet the unprec- figure out the solutions for our fam- We need transformative long-term
ship where my husband and I take edented demands of caregiving ilies to survive this pandemic—and investment that shows the well-be-
care of our kindergartener together, and remote schooling. Meanwhile, for the most part, we've been right. ing of families is a priority in this
for too many families, the juggling other moms are forced to contin- Too often, it falls on mothers to Mothers of color country.
act falls on moms more than dads. ue to work because their families find the best ways to support their especially have always President Biden's rescue pack-
President Biden has now signed depend on their paychecks to get families. That's because up until been fighting an uphill age contains a number of provi-
into law a stimulus package that food on the table and a roof over now, our lawmakers have not been battle against stagnating sions from the Marshall Plans for
extends paid leave, keeps up in- their heads. More than half of Asian delivering on the support and re- wages, rising costs, and Moms and will do a lot towards get-
creased food assistance, supports American mothers are the primary, sources that match the realities we with little help from the ting women and families through
the safe reopening of schools, and sole, or co-breadwinners for their are living. Over the course of an en- government. the pandemic. But we can't forget
dedicates funds to help essential families but, like all women, they tire year, a three-person family like that before this crisis, the cracks in
workers afford child care. By ex- still spend more time on house- mine would have received checks the system were already showing.
panding the child tax credit for a work and caregiving than their male totaling $2,400. Congress under While much of the package's aid
year and sending monthly checks counterparts. the Trump administration did noth- moms, and other much needed expires in the fall or at the end of
of up to $300 per child to families, Along with our frustration and ing to support the struggling child policies. It also contains a vision to- the year, we need to push for them
the American Rescue Plan is ex- despair, so many mothers unable to care industry and limited the num- wards providing universal child care to be permanent.
pected to cut child poverty in half. give their all to either their families ber and kind of workers eligible for and early learning.
Altogether, it makes historic invest- or their jobs also blame themselves paid leave, a policy that expired in We need a $15 federal minimum Sung Yeon Choimorrow is a first-
ments that help us raise our fami- for their struggles. We have internal- December. wage, because it would lift wages generation immigrant working
lies in safety and with economic ized messages from a culture that The pandemic didn't create for 8 million mothers. We need per- mom and serves as Executive
security. tells us we have to carry the load the impossible conditions facing manent paid leave solutions that Director of the National Asian
Pacific American Women’s
Forum.
Read More Commentary:
ELSEMANARIO.US
7 8 Abril 2021
COVID-19 News / Noticias COVID-19
It Works for Adults. Will It Work for Kids?
By Carmen Heredia steadily grown. More cases means
“
Rodríguez more kids are demonstrating lin-
gering symptoms known as “long
O
range. Eucalyptus. Laven- covid.” Among these complaints is
der. Peppermint. loss of smell. “There is zero data out
Doctors at Children’s The link between coronavirus in- there that says that this
Hospital Colorado and Seattle Chil- fections and smell disturbances in does anything. But if
dren’s Hospital will use scents like adults is well documented in both no one cares to look at
these to treat children who lost their patients with short-term disease this question, then this
sense of smell to covid-19. Parents and so-called long haulers. How- question is not going to
will attend clinics and go home ever, scientists are still unsure how be solved.”
with a set of essential oils for their many people develop this com- Dr. Kenny Chan, Colorado
Photo/Foto: AdobeStock
child to sniff twice a day for three plication or how the virus triggers
months. Clinicians will check their it. Different research teams have
progress monthly. found clues that could explain the
The Smell Disturbance Clinic at phenomenon, including inflamma- by covid. That’s because children
Children’s Hospital Colorado was tion and disruptions in the struc- seldom develop these issues, he
Although children are much less likely to develop COVID-19 or suffer its consequences
approved to open March 10. So far, than adults, the number of pediatric patients has steadily grown. / A medida que la pan- tures that support the cells respon- said, and the novel coronavirus has
five children have been screened demia de covid ha ido evolucionando en los últimos 12 meses, un número creciente de niños y sible for olfactory function. been just that — novel.
adultos jóvenes han desarrollado la enfermedad.
and one enrolled. Seattle Children’s But scant research has focused “Everything’s so new,” said Mc-
expects to open its program this effective in adults. However, clini- Although children are much less on smell disturbances in children, Clay, who is also the chair of the
spring. cians said, there’s virtually no data likely to develop covid-19 or suffer said Dr. John McClay, a pediatric American Academy of Pediatrics
The treatment, known as “smell on whether the method will work in its consequences than adults, the ear, nose and throat surgeon in Fris-
training,” is clinically proven to be children. number of pediatric patients has co, Texas — let alone those caused See Children on page 19
Funciona para los Adultos. ¿Funciona con los Niños?
Por Carmen Heredia
Rodríguez
últimos 12 meses, un número creci-
ente de niños y adultos jóvenes han
desarrollado la enfermedad. Y un
cación sobre otorrinolaringología
de la Academia Americana de Pe-
diatría. “No hay nada definitivo”.
tratamiento de adultos, podría fun-
cionar también en los niños.
En ambos grupos de edad, el
“
“No hay datos que nos
indiquen que esto sirva.
N
aranja. Eucalipto. Lavan- grupo cada vez mayor sufre sínto- El entrenamiento olfativo ha sido nervio olfativo puede regenerarse Pero si nadie se preocupa
da. Menta. mas de larga duración. un tratamiento habitual en adultos cada seis a ocho semanas. A medi- por analizar este
Médicos de los hospi- Una de las quejas más comunes que sufren este problema; ya sea da que el nervio se cura, este en- problema, entonces no se
tales Colorado Children’s y Seattle es la pérdida de olfato. por un trastorno neurológico como trenamiento puede ayudar a for- va a resolver”.
Children’s utilizarán estos aromas La relación entre el coronavirus el Alzheimer, un tumor que bloquea talecer el sentido del olfato.
para tratar a niños con covid que y las alteraciones del olfato en los el flujo de aire nasal o incluso al- “Es como ayudar a un músculo a
Dr. Kenny Chan, Colorado
perdieron el sentido del olfato. adultos está bien documentada. gunos virus, covid incluido. fortalecerse de nuevo”, explicó.
Los padres realizarán un entre- Sin embargo, los científicos siguen Por lo general, esto es lo que A fines de la primavera pasada,
namiento, y llevarán a casa un kit sin saber cuántas personas desar- ocurre: los médicos prueban el cuando los médicos comenzaron namiento olfativo” puede suponer
de aceites esenciales para que sus rollan esta complicación ni cómo la sentido del olfato del paciente para a descubrir problemas de olfa- para los niños. Una es que algunos
hijos los huelan, dos veces al día, desencadena el virus. establecer un punto de partida. A to y gusto en adultos con covid, el pacientes pueden no saber iden-
durante tres meses. Los especial- Diferentes equipos de inves- continuación, los adultos reciben doctor Kenny Chan, especialista tificar ciertos olores —los aromas
istas monitorearán sus progresos tigación han encontrado pistas un conjunto de aceites esenciales pediátrico en oído, nariz y gargan- del eucalipto o las especias como
cada mes. que podrían explicar el fenómeno, con determinados olores e instruc- ta que supervisa la nueva clínica el clavo, por ejemplo— porque son
La Smell Disturbance Clinic fue como la inflamación y las alter- ciones sobre cómo estimular la na- en Colorado, se dio cuenta de que demasiado jóvenes para tener un
aprobada para abrir el 10 de mar- aciones en las estructuras que so- riz en casa. esto también podría ser un proble- marco de referencia, señaló Mc-
zo en el hospital de Colorado. Has- portan las células responsables de Los pacientes suelen oler cada ma para los niños. Clay.
ta ahora se han examinado cinco la función olfativa. aceite dos veces al día durante La doctora Kathleen Sie, del Se- Para abordar estas cuestiones,
niños y uno se ha inscripto. Seattle Pero el tema en los niños está varias semanas o meses. Y docu- attle Children’s Hospital, observó Chan tiene previsto modificar la
espera abrir la clínica esta prima- poco estudiado. De hecho, según mentan la experiencia. Al final del lo mismo cuando recibió un correo prueba olfativa utilizada para los
vera. el doctor John McClay, especialista entrenamiento, los médicos vuel- electrónico de alguien de un cen- adultos con elementos que puedan
Este tratamiento, conocido en otorrinolaringología pediátrica, ven a examinarlos para comprobar tro de urgencias local. Tras leer el ser más reconocibles.
como “entrenamiento olfativo”, ha existen relativamente pocos estu- si han mejorado. mensaje, Sie llamó a Chan, del Col- Encontrar a niños que sufren
demostrado ser eficaz en adultos. dios sobre niños con cualquier tipo La doctora Yolanda Holler-Mana- orado Children’s, para hablar del alteraciones del olfato también
Sin embargo, según los médicos, de alteración del olfato, y mucho gan, neuróloga pediátrica y profeso- tema. A partir de esta conversación, puede ser complicado. Muchos
prácticamente no hay datos sobre menos los causados por covid. ra adjunta de pediatría en la Escuela Sie vio la necesidad de abrir una niños con covid son asintomáti-
si el método funciona en niños. “Todo es demasiado nuevo”, de Medicina Feinberg de la Univer- clínica para estimular el olfato. cos, y otros pueden ser demasiado
A medida que la pandemia de aseguró McClay, que también es sidad Northwestern, dijo que este Ambos médicos deben enfren-
covid ha ido evolucionando en los presidente del comité de edu- método, que suele utilizarse en el tar las dificultades que el “entre- Vea Niños, página 19
Provided to you by:
8 Abril 2021 8
Cover /Portada
Delay in Census Results Threatens 2021 Redistricting
By Jenny Manrique usual to combat some of this dis-
crimination in local communities.”
R
edistricting in the US, which In 2013 the Supreme Court de-
Foto/Photo: The Weekly Issue/El Semanario
only happens once every clared section 5 of the Voting Rights
10 years, is threatened by Act unconstitutional, which required
delays in delivering the 2020 cen- some states and localities to obtain
sus data that took place in the mid- federal prior authorization before
dle of the pandemic. they could implement redistricting
Originally the United States Cen- plans. Without this oversight, the
sus Bureau, would provide the de- maps drawn can diminish the abili-
cennial survey data for redistricting ty of Black, Latino, Asian-American,
to states by March 31, but due to the From left to right: Thomas A. Saenz, President and General Counsel, Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund; Leah C. Native American, and other minori-
coronavirus setbacks, it may not be Aden, Deputy Director of Litigation, NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund; Terry Ao Minnis, Senior Director of the Census and Vot- ty voters to participate.
ing Programs, Asian Americans Advancing Justice | AAJC; Justin Levitt, Professor of Law, Loyola Law School.
available in a user-friendly format Levitt explained that those who
until September 30. there will not be adequate repre- “After 1960, the Supreme Court Trump administration to include a draw the maps may consider race,
“The risk is that you end up not sentation,” he insisted. concluded that each state and each question about citizenship, and to ethnicity or party when drawing
having communities of color ade- In these majority-minority dis- locality must redraw their lines after create a database of citizens to ex- districts. These approaches are
quately represented in Congress, tricts, racial or ethnic minorities the census to make the districts rel- clude undocumented people. Al- not entirely unconstitutional, and
in state legislatures, and that then make up a large enough portion atively equal in population,” Saenz though the effort was not fruitful at furthermore it is “impossible to
leads to different agendas be- of the electorate to ensure that the explained. the federal level, it echoed in juris- tell” when this is the consideration,
ing pursued within those policy- community can elect the candidate The data extracted from the dictions where the right wing has which can lead to “racial manipula-
making bodies,” warned Thomas of their choice regardless of race. census determines the reallocation sought for years to equate the da- tion,” Levitt observed.
A. Saenz, president and general In this context, the census has of $ 1.5 trillion in federal funding to tabase for redistricting with the vot-
“
counsel of the Mexican-American two explicit purposes: one is to the states on an annual basis, for ing age population rather than total
Legal Defense and Educational count every inhabitant of the coun- services such as hospitals, schools population.
Fund (MALDEF), during a recent try to reallocate the 435 seats in the and the like. And redistricting deter- “That would have a devastat-
press briefing hosted by Ethnic House of Representatives among mines who lives in the district, who ing effect on communities of color “The risk is that you
Media Services. the states, according to their pop- is running for public office, and how for two reasons,” Saenz explained. end up not having
“As we become more partisan ulation. The other is redistricting those officials can respond to com- “First, because particularly Latino communities of color
and polarized, we are going to have not only for Congress, but also for munity needs on issues such as se- and Asian-American communities adequately represented
very close elections in the House state legislatures, and local bodies curity, or housing and immigration have higher proportions of non-cit- in Congress, in state
and Senate…and if we fail to create like city councils, county boards, policies. izens… (Second), because it would legislatures, and that then
majority-minority districts where boards of education, community The census count was carried exclude every person under the age leads to different agendas
warranted by the Voting Rights Act, college boards, etc. out amid attempts by the Donald of 18… and all communities of color being pursued within
have higher proportions of those un- those policymaking
der 18 than white populations.” bodies.” Thomas A. Saenz,
MALDEF
Gaining Seats
Projections say that Texas and
Florida may gain more than one However, the Voting Rights Act
seat when the official census count has another provision in section 2,
is turned in, and that California to attack dilutive redistricting plans,
might lose a seat in the House of those that seek to manipulate the
Representatives for the very first lines to entrench politicians in pow-
time in that state’s history. er. This vote dilution, explained Leah
Traditionally battlefield states Aden, deputy director of litigation at
like Texas, Georgia or Louisiana NAACP Legal Defense and Educa-
have been challenged in court by tional Fund, occurs when redistrict-
organizations like MALDEF be- ing seeks to prevent minority voters
cause of the lines adopted by Re- from having the same opportunities
publican legislatures and gover- as the majority of voters, general-
nors, who have sought to suppress ly white, to elect their candidate of
the rights of minority voters. choice.
In the past decade, Texas won “Vote dilution typically arises in
four seats in the House of Repre- the context of something called at
sentatives thanks to population large elections that happen when
growth, 80% of which came from a 50% + 1 majority of voters, (usually
black and brown communities. But white) control the outcome of elec-
none of the seats were assigned to tions for all the seats in a particular
minority communities, which had to body,” Aden said.
be challenged in court. “Vote dilution can also occur
“In some local jurisdictions there when you crack voters of color
is not a partisan fight, but an incum- among various electoral districts
bent fight against the minority com- to avoid creating majority-minority
munities that are emerging in that districts,” she added.
local jurisdiction, when it’s in their That is why it is relevant that
interest to preserve their own pow- communities work on their own il-
er,” said Justin Levitt, professor of lustrative maps to show that it is
law at LMU Loyola Law School. possible to draw lines in districts
“The changes to the Voting
Rights Act make it even harder than See Redistricting on page 19
9 8 Abril 2021
Cover /Portada
Demora en Resultados del Censo Amenaza Redistribución de Distritos en 2021
Por Jenny Manrique $1,5 billones anuales en fondos ias que están surgiendo en esa ju- que requería que algunos estados los votantes, generalmente blan-
federales a los estados, para ser- risdicción local, cuando les convi- y localidades obtuvieran una autor- cos, para elegir al candidato de su
E
l rediseño de mapas del vicios como hospitales, escuelas y ene preservar su propio poder”, dijo ización previa federal antes de que preferencia.
Congreso, que solo sucede similares. Y del trazado de mapas por su parte Justin Levitt, profesor pudieran implementar planes de “La dilución de votos general-
una vez cada 10 años, se ve se determina quién vive en el dis- de derecho de la escuela de leyes redistribución de distritos. Sin esta mente surge en el contexto de
amenazado por los retrasos en la trito, quién se postula para un de Loyola (LMU). vigilancia, los mapas que se tracen algo llamado grandes elecciones
entrega de datos del censo adelan- cargo público, y cómo esos fun- pueden disminuir la capacidad de que suceden cuando una mayoría
tado en 2020 en medio de la pan- cionarios pueden responder a las participación de los votantes ne- del 50% + 1 de los votantes, (gen-
“
demia. necesidades comunitarias en te- gros, latinos, asiático-americanos, eralmente blancos) controlan el
Originalmente la oficina del cen- mas como seguridad, o políticas nativos americanos y otras mino- resultado de las elecciones para
so de Estados Unidos, proporciona- de vivienda y de inmigración. “El riesgo es que las rias. todos los escaños de un organis-
ría los datos de la encuesta decenal Cabe recordar que el conteo se comunidades étnicas no Levitt explicó que quienes dibu- mo en particular. O también puede
para la redistribución de distritos a llevó a cabo en medio de los inten- queden adecuadamente jan los mapas pueden considerar la ocurrir cuando se reparten los
los estados antes del 31 de marzo, tos de la administración de Donald representadas en el raza, la etnia o el partido a la hora de votantes de color entre varios dis-
pero debido a los reveses del coro- Trump de incluir una pregunta so- Congreso y en las trazar los distritos. Estos enfoques tritos electorales para evitar crear
navirus, es posible que no estén di- bre la ciudadanía, y de crear una legislaturas estatales, no son enteramente inconstitucio- distritos de mayorías minoritarias”,
sponible en un formato fácil de usar base de datos de ciudadanos para y eso luego lleve a que nales, y además “son imposibles de anadió.
hasta el 30 de septiembre. excluir así a las personas indocu- se persigan diferentes distinguir”, lo que puede terminar Esta situación obliga a traba-
“El riesgo es que las comuni- mentadas. Aunque el esfuerzo no agendas dentro de esos en una “manipulación racial”, ob- jar con las comunidades en sus
dades étnicas no queden ade- fue fructífero a nivel federal, hizo órganos de formulación servó Levitt. propios mapas ilustrativos para
cuadamente representadas en eco en las jurisdicciones donde de políticas”. Sin embargo, la misma ley demostrar que es posible trazar
el Congreso y en las legislaturas la derecha ha buscado por años tiene otra provisión en la sección líneas en distritos donde sus habi-
estatales, y eso luego lleve a que dibujar distritos que incluyan sólo Thomas A. Saenz, 2, que permite atacar planes diluy- tantes comparten cosas en común
se persigan diferentes agendas a la población de votantes, en lu- MALDEF entes de redistribución de distritos, y pelear así las prácticas discrimi-
dentro de esos órganos de formu- gar de la población total. aquellos que buscan manipular las natorias que se han usado tradicio-
lación de políticas”, advirtió Thom- “Eso tendría un efecto devas- líneas para atrincherar a los políti- nalmente incluso para definir políti-
as A. Saenz, presidente y asesor tador en las comunidades étnicas “Los cambios a la Ley de Dere- cos en el poder. Esta dilución de cas de vivienda.
general del fondo educativo y de por dos razones”, explicó Saenz. chos Electorales hacen que sea votos, explicó Leah Aden, subdirec- “Algunas de las excusas para
defensa legal México-Americano “Primero porque particularmente aún más difícil de lo habitual com- tora de litigios del fondo educativo hacer esto son la protección del
(MALDEF en inglés), en una confer- las comunidades latinas y asiáti- batir parte de esta discriminación y de defensa legal de la NAACP, partido y estas son básicamente
encia organizada por Ethnic Media co-americanas, tienen propor- en las comunidades locales”. ocurre cuando la redistribución de excusas para la discriminación ra-
Services. ciones más altas de no ciudada- En 2013 la Corte Suprema de- distritos busca que los votantes cial”, agregó Aden.
“A medida que nos volvemos nos… (Segundo), quizás su mayor claró inconstitucional la sección 5 de minorías no tengan las mismas
más partidistas y polarizados, va- daño vendría de la exclusión de de la Ley de Derechos Electorales, oportunidades que la mayoría de Vea Redistribución, página 18
mos a tener elecciones muy cerra- todas las personas menores de
das en la Cámara y el Senado… si no 18 años en el conteo de las pobla-
logramos crear distritos de minorías ciones del distrito ya que las co-
mayoritarias donde lo justifique la munidades étnicas tienen propor-
Ley de Derechos Electorales, no ciones más altas de menores de 18
habrá una representación adecua- años que las poblaciones blancas”.
da”, insistió.
En estos distritos de mayorías Nuevos Escaños
minoritarias, las minorías raciales o Las proyecciones dicen que
étnicas constituyen una parte lo su- Texas y Florida pueden ganar más
ficientemente grande del electora- de un escaño cuando se entregue
do como para asegurar que la co- el conteo oficial del censo y que
munidad pueda elegir al candidato California podría perder un escaño
de su elección sin importar la raza. en la Cámara por primera vez en la
En este contexto, el censo tiene historia de ese estado.
dos propósitos explícitos: uno es Tradicionalmente lugares como
contar a cada habitante del país Texas, Georgia o Louisiana han sido
para reasignar los 435 escaños de campos de batalla y organizaciones
la Cámara de Representantes en- como MALDEF han desafiado en
tre los estados, de acuerdo a la po- las cortes las líneas adoptadas por
blación que albergan. El otro es la legislaturas y gobernadores repub-
redistribución de distritos no solo licanos, que han buscado suprimir
para el Congreso, sino también los derechos de los votantes mi-
para las legislaturas estatales, or- noritarios.
ganismos locales como ayunta- La década pasada, Texas ganó
mientos, juntas de condado, juntas cuatro escaños en la Cámara de
de educación, juntas de colegios Representantes gracias al crec-
comunitarios, etc. imiento de la población que provi-
“Después de 1960, la Corte Su- no en un 80% de las comunidades
prema estableció que cada esta- negras y latinas. Pero ninguno de
do y cada localidad debe volver a ellos fue asignado a las comuni-
dibujar sus líneas después del cen- dades minoritarias, lo que tuvo que
so para hacer los distritos relativa- ser impugnado en la corte.
mente iguales en población”, ex- “En algunas jurisdicciones lo-
plicó Saenz. cales no se trata de una lucha par-
De los datos extraídos del cen- tidista, sino de una lucha del titular
so se determina la repartición de contra las comunidades minoritar-
8 Abril 2021 10
State News / Noticias del Estado
CCPJC of Denver Reflects on Essential Justice
COLORADO
By Toni Frésquez
up,” said Huerta, discussing state
legislation for farmworkers rights.
“We need to remind them [legis-
“
“This is a pivotal moment
in our country, the people
lators] that the food they eat—farm-
I
t’s important to remember the workers touched their food,” com-
have the power to make
life and advocacy of César mented Huerta. “Look at the food
change.”
Chávez—an extraordinary hu- on everybody’s table every day, Dolores Huerta, Dolores
manitarian—and all who worked when they sit down to eat, a farm- Huerta Foundation
tirelessly alongside him, such as worker puts their food on the ta-
Photo/Foto: Toni Vigil/CCPJC of Denver
Dolores Huerta, Gilbert Padilla, Lar- ble. And now, we need to say to the
ry Itliong, Peter Velasco and Phil- growers in Colorado that we need Chávez. “This was all part of César
ip Vera Cruz and the thousands of to step up into the 21st century.” Chávez’s legacy,” she said.
farmworkers, to build one of the na- Huerta discussed the significant “This is a pivotal moment in our
tion’s most respected farmworker sacrifices that farm workers contin- country, the people have the pow-
advocacy group, the United Farm ue to face while trying to earn a liv- er to make change,” encouraged
Workers. ing for their own families. Huerta.
This year was a monumental ef- “They are working during the She explained the beginnings of
fort in Denver, Colorado, celebrat- Deborah and Juan Espinoza of Pueblo, Colorado were presented with the Anciana/o pandemic and in California they the farm worker movement. “Fred
Leadership Award. / Deborah y Juan Espinoza, de Pueblo (Colorado), fueron galardonados
ing two decades of honoring the con el premio Anciana/o Leadership Award. have worked during the wildfires Ross, Sr., taught us all how to do
late civil rights leader. This year’s and the smoke; it was hard for grass roots organizing, getting peo-
event was held virtually with key- Huerta, who founded the Do- and pay for farmworkers. them to breathe, and they still kept ple together by families—4 ,5, 6 at a
note speaker Dolores Huerta, who lores Huerta Foundation, spoke “[Regarding] farmworkers in Col- working and putting food on every- time—talking to them and explain-
will be 91 on April 10, and worked about the importance of ongoing orado, we have to say to our legisla- body’s table, every day.” ing how to change their conditions
alongside Chávez to form the Unit- state and federal legislation to cre- tors you know, that we are so far be- Huerta discussed the con-
ed Farm Workers. ate just and fair working conditions hind and that now it’s time to catch nection between legislation and See Justice on page 20
El CCPJC de Denver Reflexiona sobre la Justicia Esencial
jaron incansablemente junto a él, Este año fue un esfuerzo monu- ta. "Miren la comida en la mesa de
COLORADO
como Dolores Huerta, Gilbert Pa- mental en Denver, celebrando dos todos los días-cuando se sientan a
Por Toni Frésquez dilla, Larry Itliong, Peter Velasco y décadas de homenaje al falleci- comer, un trabajador agrícola pone
“
Philip Vera Cruz y los miles de tra- do líder de los derechos civiles. El
Photo/Foto: Toni Vigil/CCPJC of Denver
E
s importante recordar la vida bajadores agrícolas, para construir evento de este año se celebró vir-
y la defensa de los dere- uno de los grupos de defensa de tualmente con la oradora principal
chos humanos de César los trabajadores agrícolas más re- Dolores Huerta, que cumplirá 91 "Este es un momento
Chávez—un humanitario extraor- spetados de la nación, la Unión de años el 10 de abril, y que se orga- crucial en nuestro país, el
dinario—y de todos los que traba- Campesinos. nizó junto a Chávez para formar la pueblo tiene el poder de
Unión de Campesinos. hacer el cambio”.
"[Con respecto a] los traba-
jadores agrícolas en Colorado, Dolores Huerta, Jim García, presidente y director general de
tenemos que decirles a nuestros Fundación de Dolores Tepeyac Community Health Center, recibió
Huerta el premio al liderazgo organizativo. / Jim
legisladores que estamos muy at- García, President and CEO, of Tepeyac Com-
rasados y que ahora es el momen- munity Health Center was presented with the
Organizational Leadership Award.
to de ponernos al día", dijo Huerta,
hablando de la legislación estatal su comida en la mesa. Y ahora, ten- tras tratan de ganarse la vida para
para los derechos de los traba- emos que decir a los agricultores sus propias familias.
jadores agrícolas. de Colorado que tenemos que dar "Están trabajando durante la
"Tenemos que recordarles [a los un paso adelante en el siglo XXI". pandemia y en California han tra-
legisladores] que la comida que Huerta habló de los importantes bajado durante los incendios fore-
comen -los trabajadores agrícolas sacrificios que los trabajadores stales y el humo; era difícil para
tocaron su comida", comentó Huer- agrícolas siguen afrontando mien- ellos respirar, y aún así siguieron
trabajando y poniendo comida en
la mesa de todos, todos los días".
Huerta habló de la conexión en-
tre la legislación y Chávez. "Todo
esto forma parte del legado de
César Chávez", dijo.
"Este es un momento crucial
en nuestro país, el pueblo tiene el
poder de hacer el cambio", animó
Huerta.
Explicó los inicios del movimien-
to campesino.
"Fred Ross, Sr., nos enseñó a
todos cómo hacer organización
de base - reunir a la gente por fa-
milias—4, 5, 6 a la vez—hablarles
y explicarles cómo cambiar sus
Vea Justicia, página 22You can also read
