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BREXIT BRIEF
BRIEF
BREXIT
Brexit Brief Issue 61: 02 April 2019
Introduction
The Brief seeks to provide up-to-date information on the progress and content of the UK-EU negotiations, and
bring together relevant statements and policy positions from key players in Ireland, the UK and EU.
The Brief is part of a wider communications programme covering the work of the IIEA’s UK Project Group –
including commentaries, speeches, texts and event reports – which are highlighted on the Institute’s website.
(www.iiea.com)
Section One: State of Play • taking a series of steps to prevent the UK leaving the
EU without a deal, including a final vote on whether
Commons Deadlocked Again to scrap Brexit altogether (191-292)
The second series of ‘indicative’ votes on Brexit options, The option that came closest to being passed, which was
intended to see what MPs might support in an attempt to defeated by just three votes, was remaining in a customs
break the deadlock - was held on Monday, 1 April. MPs union with the EU – central to the so-called “soft Brexit”
rejected all four proposals: option, under which the UK would retain close trading
links with the bloc.
• negotiating “a permanent and comprehensive UK-
wide customs union with the EU” as part of any Brexit Prime Minister May has convened a five hour Cabinet
deal (273-276) session on Tuesday, 2 April to tackle the deadlock. A fourth
vote on the Withdrawal Agreement and an approach to
• joining the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
the European Council seeking a further extension of the
and remaining in the European Economic Area (EEA)
Article 50 timeline are on the agenda as the government
(261-282)
contemplates a no-deal exit on 12 April.
• giving the public a vote to approve any Brexit deal
The EU Chief Negotiator, Michel Barnier responded to
passed by Parliament before it could be implemented
the Commons results by saying that a long extension to
(280-292)
the UK’s current 12 April exit date carried “significant
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risks for the EU” and that a “strong justification would be Third Commons Rejection
needed” before the EU would agree.
On 28 March 2019 the House of Commons debated the
Withdrawal Agreement for the third time. To meet the
Fourth Commons Vote or General Election?
Speaker’s clear statement that a motion could not be put to
The third Commons defeat for the Prime Minister’s the House again without significant differences, the Prime
Brexit deal has led to a confused situation with a number Minister split the Brexit deal in two, putting the legally
of possible outcomes under discussion. Serious divisions binding Withdrawal Agreement on the table but leaving
exist in the Conservative Party and within the Cabinet the Political Declaration on the Future Relationship
with the Government Chief Whip admitting that there between the UK and the EU to one side.
has been a collapse of internal discipline in the inner
circles of government. In a surprise move the Prime Minister told a meeting
of Conservative MPs on 26 March that she would leave
The Prime Minister is looking for ways to bring the office earlier than planned if parliament backed her deal,
Withdrawal Agreement back to the Commons for a opening the way to commence negotiations on the long-
fourth attempt. This would require success in winning term relationship. She was reported as telling the meeting
over most of the 34 Tory rebels and in persuading the “I have heard very clearly the mood of the parliamentary
Commons Speaker that her proposal meets his rulings. party. I know there is a desire for a new approach –
She has been told that the ten DUP MPs will continue and new leadership- in the second phased of the Brexit
to oppose the deal, with Nigel Dodds saying that it was negotiations – and I won’t stand in the way of that.”
“inexcusable” that she had failed to secure changes on the
backstop element of the Agreement. The House of Commons rejected the Withdrawal
Agreement by 344 votes to 286 – a majority of 58. This
Strong support for no-deal outcome has come from Tory outcome was closer than the margins of 230 and 149
Party sources while several voices - including that of the in the previous votes but still a decisive rejection. The
former Prime Minister, John Major - have been raised in Democratic Unionist Party voted against the government
support of the creation of a government of national unity. motion. Several leading Brexit hardliners – including
Boris Johnson and Jacob Rees Mogg switched to support
The Prime Minister’s hint that a general election might for the deal. As many as 40 Tory MPs voted for the deal
be the way to deal with the impasse has led to significant for the first time but 34 rejected it, including six pro-
threats of a campaign within the Conservative Party to Europeans.
vote against any attempt to achieve the necessary two-
thirds majority for an election outside the fixed-term In response, the Prime Minister noted her disappointment
rules. This would leave Theresa May with the option of with the result, and expressed concern regarding the
backing a no-confidence vote in her own government difficulty in securing a consensus in the House, particularly
which would only require a simple majority. in light of the time constraints:
A petition to revoke the Article 50 notification and cancel The implications of the House’s decision are grave.
Brexit has reached six million signatures and will be
The legal default now is that the United Kingdom
is due to leave the European Union on 12 April, in
discussed under the Westminster Hall chamber. just 14 days’ time. That is not enough time to agree,
legislate for and ratify a deal. Yet the House has
been clear that it will not permit leaving without
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
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a deal, so we will have to agree an alternative way New Deadlines
forward.
The European Council meeting on 22 March 2019 decided
The European Union has been clear that any
further extension will need to have a clear purpose that in the event that the Withdrawal Agreement is approved
and will need to be agreed unanimously by the by the House of Commons by 29 March 2019 at the latest the
Heads of State of the other 27 member states ahead scheduled exit date provided for in the existing arrangements
of 12 April. It is almost certain to involve the is extended until 22 May 2019. In the event that the
United Kingdom being required to hold European
parliamentary elections. Agreement is not approved by the House of Commons by 29
March 2019 at the latest the scheduled exit date is extended
I fear that we are reaching the limits of this process
in this House. This House has rejected no deal; it until 12 April 2019. “In that event, the United Kingdom will
has rejected no Brexit; on Wednesday it rejected all indicate a way forward before 12 April 2019, for consideration
the variations of the deal on the table; and today it by the European Council.
has rejected approving the withdrawal agreement
alone and continuing a process on the future. This In effect, the EU has given the UK eleven days in which to
Government will continue to press the case for the
orderly Brexit that the result of the referendum come up with a fresh Brexit plan to avoid ‘crashing out’ of
demands. the Union on 12 April. The emergency European Council,
summoned by President Tusk, will debate any British
The President of the European Council, Donald Tusk,
proposals or requests on 10 April. It is recognised that the
responded immediately with the brief statement that “In
27 EU governments will require at least two days’ notice of
view of the rejection of the withdrawal agreement by the
the UK position to allow for consideration and consultation.
House of Commons, I have decided to call a European
Many EU leaders have expressed deep concerns about the
Council on 10 April.”
confused position in the UK parliament with the Austrian
The European Commission issued a Statement on the Chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, saying: “We continue to advocate
vote: “The Commission regrets the negative vote in the an orderly Brexit, even if it is now becoming less and less
House of Commons today. As per the European Council likely.”
(Article 50) decision on 22 March, the period provided
A Financial Times assessment of the position of Member
for in Article 50(3) is extended to 12 April. It will be for
State governments during the most recent European Council
the UK to indicate the way forward before that date, for
meeting concludes that “The bloc has made it a priority to
consideration by the European Council.”.
ensure Britain makes the final choice. It decided to make
The Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar, responded to the Commons the next decision point April 12 – by which time the UK
vote by insisting that “it is now up to the UK to indicate must choose between leaving without a deal, accepting the
how it plans to proceed in order to avoid a no-deal withdrawal treaty or extending its membership and taking
scenario. The European Council has agreed unanimously part in the European Parliament elections in May.” Opinions
that the Withdrawal Agreement will not be re-opened. I range from Donald Tusk’s hopes for a reversal of Brexit –
believe we must be open to a long extension should the arguing that the EU must not ‘betray’ pro-EU voters in
United Kingdom decide to fundamentally reconsider its Britain - and the view that there must be a resolution sooner
approach to Brexit and put back on the table options than later because of the perceived downside of prolonging
previously ruled out.” UK membership at a time when the EU faces major debates
and decisions on the future EU budget, migration and
transatlantic relations.
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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The Union’s chief negotiator, Michel Barnier, said it was Significantly, a proposal specifically advocating a no-deal
becoming more likely that the UK could crash out at outcome was defeated by 400 votes to 160 indicating
the new default Brexit date of 12 April. Meanwhile, the an overwhelming opinion against no-deal. This was the
Commission has set out contingency measures covering third heavy vote against no-deal. Other plans, including a
periods of six to nine months to maintain an element proposal for revocation of Article 50, were rejected.
of normality in the period immediately following the
UK’s departure. Further arrangements will depend on The Tory MP, Oliver Letwin, who led the movement to
UK acceptance of the key elements of the Withdrawal obtain the indicative votes expressed disappointment at
Agreement. the failure to gain a majority for any plan but insisted
that this was only the first stage of an exercise involving
In its response to the latest Commons vote the a new round of votes to be held on Monday, 1 April. He
Commission stated: “A no-deal scenario on 12 April had argued that the House was engaged in a “very difficult
is now a likely scenario. The EU has been preparing for process […] struggling to find a consensus.”
this since December 2017 and is now fully prepared for
a ‘no-deal’ scenario at midnight on 12 April. The EU will Commenting on the indicative votes, Tánaiste Simon
remain united. The benefits of the Withdrawal Agreement, Coveney said that “I think one of the clear messages
including a transition period, will in no circumstances be was that a huge majority voted against a no deal. That’s
replicated in a ‘no-deal’ scenario. Sectoral mini-deals are a reminder to everybody that the British Parliament will
not an option.” vote against a no deal and will take action to prevent it.
This is a very complex and difficult political process and
House of Commons First Indicative Votes we need to take its course. I don’t think Irish input at this
stage is helpful to anyone.”
The House of Commons voted - by 329 to 302 - to take
control of the parliamentary timetable by scheduling a Section Two: The Evolving Debate
series of votes on 27 March on a range of issues related to
the future of the EU with a view to finding a consensus on Irish Developments
the way forward.
The Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar, will meet the French
Various groups of MPs put forward fifteen proposals of President, Emmanuel Macron, in Paris on 2 April and
which eight were selected by the Speaker, John Bercow, for German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, in Dublin on 4 April
discussion and so-called indicative votes. In the event all for discussions on the implications of a no-deal Brexit for
eight were rejected by greater or lesser majorities. the island of Ireland. He had welcomed the President of
the European Council to Dublin for talks on Brexit ahead
A plan for a referendum on any withdrawal deal, prosed of the third Commons debate.
by the former Labour Foreign Secretary, Margaret Beckett,
was defeated by 295 votes to 268. A proposal by former Chancellor Merkel’s spokesman said that “The visit is the
Tory Chancellor, Ken Clarke, lost by 272 votes to 264. message. This is not a social call. There are urgent issues to
Both plans were backed by the Labour Party, whose plan discuss. Such visits only happen when they have a reason.”
for a permanent customs union was rejected by 307 votes Irish officials see the visit as a positive signal of political
to 237. solidarity but also as an indication of the seriousness of
the situation facing Ireland in the event of no-deal.
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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Europe Minister Helen McEntee has told RTÉ that it will and their businesses. A no-deal Brexit would be a practical
be “very difficult” for Ireland to reconcile its obligations and logistical nightmare for our farm businesses.”
to the EU on protecting the Single Market with its
commitment to protecting the Good Friday Agreement Economic and Social Research Institute
in the event of a no-deal Brexit. The Government is
The ESRI has published a report which argues that the
determined to avoid the reintroduction of checks on the
negative impact of Brexit on the Irish economy will be
border and insists that it has the support of the rest of
significant whether the outcome is a deal or no-deal. The
the EU27 for that position. “How we protect the single
immediate cost will be between €2 billion and €7.5 billion.
market and the customs union, these are discussions that
The report points to negative effects for Irish households,
we have been having and will continue to have into the
businesses, employment and the public finances.
coming week”.
Ten years after Brexit the ESRI study says that the
On Saturday, 30 March, a number of demonstrations
economy would be between 2.6% and 5% smaller than if
took place along the Irish border – in six border counties
the UK had remained in the EU – a cost to the economy
- in opposition to Brexit. The community alliance Border
of between €8 billion and €15 billion. Brexit will mean
Communities Against Brexit organised the protests on
fewer jobs. The ESRI estimates that ten years after the
the day after Britain had been due to leave the European
UK’s departure employment in Ireland will be 45,000
Union. Sinn Féin speakers, including the Party President,
lower in a ‘deal’ situation or as many as 80,000 lower with
Mary Lou McDonald, were prominent in the events. A
‘no-deal’.
Queens University professor of Human Rights Law, Colin
Harvey, insisted that “We have long experience of people
Public Opinion
trying to put walls in our way and we take them down.
Any obstacles on this island will be removed.” A ComRes poll for the Daily Telegraph found that almost
half of British adults agree that if the UK left the EU
Northern Ireland Interests without a deal on 29 March it would briefly cause some
uncertainty but then ultimately work out OK (46%); four
Northern Ireland business interests have expressed concern
in five 2016 Leavers agree (78%), as do one quarter of
at the implications of UK tariff proposals. The head of the
Remainers (23%). The same poll found that almost nine in
Northern Ireland Food and Drink Association, Declan
ten 2016 Leave voters agree that it has felt as if the EU has
Billington, said: “It’s been an awful shock to businesses to
been trying to punish the UK over the Brexit negotiations
comprehend what the policy will do to us. It will impose
(85%), as do nearly half of Remain voters (46%). One in
severe strain on cross-border communities where trade
four 2016 Remain voters agree that it would have caused
has flourished for the past 20 years.” Neil Gibson, the
fewer problems had the UK left the EU without a deal
chief economist of EY in Belfast, has argued that the local
as quickly as possible in 2016, rather than spending the
business community is universally opposed to a no-deal
past two and a half years trying to negotiate a deal (23%),
outcome. “There is definitely a Brexit frustration. Firms
compared to four in five Leave voters (77%).
are very anxious and very worried about what might
happen.” Sir John Curtice has told the BBC that surveys reveal
that British voters – including not least those who voted
The President of the Ulster Farmers’ Union, Ivor
Leave – have become deeply critical of how the Prime
Ferguson, had written that a no-deal outcome is “a
Minister has handled the Brexit negotiations. As many
terrifying prospect for Northern Ireland farming families
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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as 80% of Leave voters now say that the talks have been BBC Brexit: Theresa May ponders fourth bid to pass
handled badly while 85% of Remain voters hold the same deal. BBC, 30 March 2019. www.bbc.com/news/uk-
opinion. And it is clear that the longer the negotiations politics-47756122
have continued the more pessimistic voters have become
about the likelihood of the UK securing a good deal with Financial Times EU faces big Brexit question: should
63% thinking the country is heading for a bad deal. The UK stay or go? FT, 30 March 2019. www.ft.com/content/
same polls indicate that opinion nationally has moved df7c66f0-515b-11e9-9c76-bf4a0ce37d49
towards a Remain position – Remain 54%, Leave 46% –
Financial Times Brexit’s failure leaves the UK in a
with the swing largely explained by the views of those who
profound crisis. FT, 30 March 2019. www.ft.com/
did not vote in 2016. Curtice concludes that “in truth,
content/942ce404-5237-11e9-b401-8d9ef1626294
the polls are too close for opponents of Brexit to assume
that a second ballot would produce a different result.” BBC Brexit: Push for May’s Brexit deal after quit
pledge. BBC, 28 March 2019. www.bbc.com/news/uk-
Section Three: Background Material and Further
Reading politics-47729773
The Guardian MPs reject all alternative Brexit options.
Background Material
Guardian, 27 March 2019. www.theguardian.com/
BBC Brexit: What just happened? BBC, 29 March 2019. politics/2019/mar/27/mps-reject-all-alternative-brexit-
www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47750725 options
Financial Times MPs deliver ‘Brexit Day’ blow to Financial Times MPs fail to reach agreement on a
Theresa May. FT, 30 March 2019. www.ft.com/content/ Brexit plan B. FT, 28 March 2019. www.ft.com/content/
a657e69e-5230-11e9-b401-8d9ef1626294 c0b90936-50d8-11e9-9c76-bf4a0ce37d49
The Guardian EU gives Britain 11 days to come up HM Government Prime Minister’s Statement on
with new Brexit plan. Guardian, 30 March 2019. www. European Council, 25 March 2019. www.gov.uk/
theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/29/donald-tusk-calls- govrtnment/speeches/pm-statement-on-european-council-
emergency-eu-summit-over-brexit 25-march-2019
European Commission Statement on the vote on the HM Government Prime Minister’s Statement at the
Withdrawal Agreement in the House of Commons, EU Council:21 March 2019. www.gov.uk/government/
29 March 2019. www.europa.eu/press-release_ speeches/pm-statement-at-the-eu-council-21-march-2019
STATEMENT-19-1914_en.htm
European Council Conclusions: Special meeting of
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar Statement following today’s the European Council (Art.50) 21 March 2019. www.
House of Commons vote, 29 March 2019. www.gov. consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/03/21/
ie/news/22b4dd-statement-by-an-taoiseach-following- european-council-art-50-conclusions-21-march-2019
todays-house-of-commons-vote
European Council Conclusions: European Council
European Council Special European Council (Art.50), meeting, 21 and 22 March 2019. www.consilium.europa.
10/04/2019.www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/ eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/03/21/european-council-
european-council/2019/04/10 conclusions-21-and-22-march-2019
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European Council Decision taken in agreement with The Telegraph Liam Halligan. MPs must pass May’s
the United Kingdom, extending the period under Article deal, for all its faults. Telegraph, 31 March 2019. www.
50(3) TEU, 22 March 2019. https://data.consilium. telegraph.co.uk/business/2019/03/30/mps-must-pass-
europa.eu/doc/document/XT-20006-2019-INIT/en/pdf mays-deal-faults
President Donald Tusk Remarks by President Donald Irish Times Brexit: How ‘indicative votes’ could break
Tusk after the European Council meeting on 21 and 22 Commons deadlock. IT, 27 March 2019. www.
March 2019. www.consilium.europa.eu/press/press- irishtimes.com/news/politics/brexit-how-indicative-
releases/2019/03/22/remarks-by-president-donald-tusk- votes-could-break-commons-deadlock-1.3840063
after-the-european-council-meetings-on-21-and-22-
march-2019 BBC Brexit: MPs vote to take control of Brexit process
for indicative votes. BBC, 26 March 2019. www.bbc.
President Donald Tusk Report to the European com/news/uk-politics-47701591
Parliament on March European Council meetings, 27
March 2019. www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press- Financial Times Conservative Eurosceptics split
releases/2019/03/27/report-by-president-donald-tusk-to- over Theresa May’s Brexit deal. FT, 27 March 2019.
the-european-parliament-on-march-european-council- www.ft.com/content/45742d52-4fa5-11e9-9c76-
meetings bf4a0ce37d49
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar Speech to Fine Gael Conference, BBC What do voters make of Brexit now? BBC, 26
23 March 2019. www.finegael.ie/speech-by-an-taoiseach- March 2019. www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-47693645
leo-varadkar/
Financial Times British MPs vote to seize control of
The Guardian Government intends to revive Theresa Brexit. FT, 26 March 2019. www.ft.com/content/
May’s Brexit deal this week. Guardian, 27 March 2019. cdfb086e-4f03-11e9-9c76-bf4a0ce37d49
www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/27/andrea-
Financial Times EU warns no deal Brexit is ‘increasingly
leadsom-government-intends-to-reviver-theresa-may-
likely’. FT, 26 March 2019. www.ft.com/content/
brexit-deal-this-week
d7974afa/4ef3-11e9-9c76-bf4a0ce37d49
Financial Times Europe’s Donald Tusk warns against
RTÉ May warned she is ‘playing with fire’, urged to heed
‘betraying’ UK voters. FT, 27 March 2019. www.ft.com/
MPs over Brexit plans. RTÉ, 26 March 2019. www.rte.
content/2986afe0-506b-11e9-9c76-bf4a0ce37d49
ie/news/brexit/2019/0326/1038630-brexit
Martin Wolf The Brexit delusion of taking back control.
Financial Times Spooked EU leaders turn tables on May
FT, 27 March 2019. www.ft.com/content/473bd2ae-
in night of political drama, FT, 23 March 2019. www.
4ee5-11e9-b401-8d9ef1626294
ft.com/content/cf1fe0ca-4c4c-11e9-bbc9-6917dce3dc62
Boris Johnson The people’s day of jubilation has been
Financial Times EU imposes new Brexit timetable
hijacked by spineless pirates. Telegraph, 27 March 2019.
allowing May last chance for deal. FT, 23 March
www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/03/26/peoples-day-
2019. www.ft.com/content/1c2e27e-4bb8-11e9-bbc9-
jublilation-has-hijacked-spinelss-pirates
6917dce3dc62
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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The Telegraph No deal is better than Brexit delay, say The Guardian Hundreds gather for anti-Brexit protests
voters- exclusive Telegraph poll. Telegraph. 19 March along Irish border. Guardian, 30 March 2019. www.
2019. www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/03/19/no- theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/30/hundreds-gather-
deal-better-brexit-delay-say-public-poll-finds-just-one-10 for-anti-brexit-protests-along-irish-border
Financial Times Commons Speaker delivers fresh Tony Connelly Brexit: Home truths-no deal and the
blow to May’s Brexit deal hopes. FT, 19 March 2019. Irish border. RTE, 30 March 2019. www.rte.ie/news/
www.ft.com/content/2c470dce/4995/11e9-bbc9- analysis-and-comment/2019/0330/1039471-brexit-no-
6917dce3dc62 deal-tony-connelly
The Guardian Brexit: constitutional chaos after third Tommie Gorman Brexit- the addictive drama. RTE,
vote on deal blocked. Guardian, 19 March 2019. www. 30 March 2019. /www.rte.ie/news/analysis-and-
theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/18/constitutional- comment/2019/0330/1039549-tommie-gorman-brexit
chaos-theresa-may-third-vote-brexit-deal-blocked
RTÉ Taoiseach says Europe must be open to long Brexit
RTÉ EU Commission resists May’s June Brexit date- extension. RTÉ, 30 March 2019. www.rte.ie/news/
document. RTÉ, 20 March 2019. www.rte.ie/news/ brexit/2019/0329/1039352-brexit-dcu
brexit/2019/0320/1037523-brexit-reaction
Irish Times Merkel plans flying visit to Dublin to discuss
Financial Times Theresa May clashes with EU over Border concerns. IT, 29 March 2019. www.irishtimes.
Brexit delay demand. FT, 20 March 2019. www.ft.com/ com/news/world/europe/merkel-plans-flying-visit-to-
content/971250a4-4ae0-11e9-8b7f-d49067e0f50d dublin-to-discuss-border-concerns-1.3842836
The Guardian Theresa May: don’t Blame me for Brexit Irish Times Government faces tense week over Brexit
crisis, blame MPs. Guardian, 20 March 2019. www. border plans. IT, 30 March 2019. www.irishtimes.
theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/20/acting-like- com/opinion/government-faces-tense-week-over-brexit-
trump-theresa-may-sparks-mps-brexiy-fury border-plans-1.3843247
The Telegraph Cabinet ministers tell May to ‘embrace no RTÉ Ireland needs to show ‘a little patience’ with British
deal’ after third Brexit defeat in Parliament. Telegraph, 30 MPs over Brexit wrangling – Tanaiste. RTÉ, 28 March
March 2019. www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/03/29/ 2019. www.rte.ie/news/2019/0328/1039070-tanaiste_
cabinet-ministers-tell-may-embrace-no-deal-third-brexit- brexit
defeat
Financial Times Tensions emerge between Dublin
The Guardian Furious Tory MPs tell May: we’ll block and Brussels over Irish border. FT, 28 March 2019.
snap Brexit election. Guardian, 30 March 2019. www. www.ft.com/content/122a6272-5081-11e9-b401-
theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/30/furious-tory- 8d9ef1626294
mps-tell-theresa-may-they-will-block-snap-election
Tony Connelly Brexit: The long and the short of a
RTÉ ‘Difficult’ to protect both EU border and Good no-deal cliff edge. RTE, 23 March 2019. www.rte.ie/
Friday Agreement – McEntee. RTÉ, 30 March 2019. news/2019/0322/1038084-brexit-analysis
www.rte.ie/news/brexit/2019/0330/1039592-brexit-
ireland
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 061 | APRIL 2019 RTÉ ESRI warn disorderly Brexit could cost 80,000 Irish jobs. RTE, 26 March 2019. www.rte.ie/news/ ireland/2019/0326/1038584-esri-brexit RTÉ Taoiseach hosting talks with Tusk as Brexit deal deadline looms. RTE, 19 Mach 2019. www.rte.ie/news/ brexit/2019/0319/1037190-donald-tusk Financial Times Northern Ireland’s farmers urge DUP to back Brexit deal. FT, 18 March 2019. www.ft.com/ content/4a10a60e-48b3-11e9-bbc9-6917dce3dc62 Centre for European Reform No Deal, No Border. CER, 17 March 2019. www.cer.eu/in-the-press/no-deal- no-border The Guardian Post-Brexit tariffs will wipe out businesses near Irish border. Guardian, 19 March 2019. www. theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/19/post-brexit- tariffs-will-wipe-out-businesses-near-irish-border The Guardian For Northern Irish farmers, no-deal Brexit would be a calamity. Guardian, 18 March 2019. www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/18/ northern-irish-farmers-brexit-calamity-eu Noel Whelan Why is anyone surprised at the DUP’s Brexit intransigence? IT, 29 March 2019. www.irishtimes. com/opinion/noel-whelan-why-is-anyone-surprised-at- the-dup-s-brexit-intransigence-1.3841989 Cliff Taylor Why Border checks may be inevitable in a no-deal Brexit. IT, 27 March 2019. www.irishtimes. com/business/economy/why-border-checks-may-be- inevitable-in-a-no-deal-brexit-1.3839562 Further Reading Rogers Ivan, 9 Lessons in Brexit. Short Books As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole responsibility of the author.
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