CARATS (Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems) - Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
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CARATS
(Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismMLIT
Background
1MLIT
Demand forecast of air traffic in Japan
¾ International flight and flying-over
flying over are increased
increased. Domestic flight is dependent on the case of GDPGDP.
¾ Even if GDP is estimated low, the number of aircrafts will exceed the limit of air traffic control capacity around 2025.
¾ The demand may go up rather than this forecast by further promotion of inbound tourism and the growth of LCC.
Traffic volume (thousand/ year )
2,200
2,092
2,000 Actual Predicted Reference
1,973
value value
1,834
1,800 1,713
1,666 1,671
1,600 1,605 1,553
1,393 1,414
1,400
, 1 303
1,303 1,346
1 346
1,208 1,285 Actual
1,200 実績値
Actual
Flying‐ over Upper case
1,000 上位ケース
Upper case
1,029 Middle
International 838 882
826
Medium
中位ケース
800 811 Lower
774 755 下位ケース
Lower
714
600
400 Domestic
200
0 （FY）
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
*BBasic
i case off GDP is
i sett up based
b d on the
th economic i growth
th rate
t which
hi h is
i a target
t t off the
th Japanese
J future
f t strategy.
t t
(economic growth rate is set up to 1.7% from 2010 to 2017 and 2.0% from 2017 to 2032)
* In upper case, economic growth rate is set up 1% higher than basic case.
•In lower case, economic growth rate is set up 1% lower than basic case. 2
•The number of IFR flights is that to add military, non-scheduled and cargo flights to those above.Transition of the number of flights and the number of staff MLIT
¾ The number of flights increased 1.5 times in the past 15 years.
¾ The number of staffs decreased slightly every year.
We have conducted air traffic services corresponding to the increase of air traffic demand by the
enhancement of systems and the improvement of productivity.
（×1,000）
,
1,500 6,000
4 577
4,577 4 642
4,642 4 649
4,649 4 628
4,628 4 666
4,666 4 664
4,664 4 632
4,632 4 652
4,652 4 590
4,590 1 303
1,303
4,555 4,530 4,482 4,383 4,314
The number of staff
1,200 1,231 1,238 4,220 4,000
1 198
1,198 1 194
1,194 1,208
1,167
The number of flights 1,145
1,104
1,047 1,048
982 988
900 2,000
903
880
600 0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Fiscal year
*The staffs include air traffic controller, air traffic communication specialist, air navigation service engineer, 3
aeronautical lighting and electricity specialist and aeronautical satellite operations specialist.MLIT
CARATS Overview
4MLIT
Consideration of long-term vision
• 2009～2010 Development of long-term vision
– Establishment of “Study
Study group for
Promoting Renovation of the Air Traffic
System”
– Development and promulgation of
“Collaborative Actions for Renovation
of Air Traffic Systems” （CARATS）
（ ）
• 2010～2011 Development of roadmap for each measures
– Establishment of “Committee for Promoting Renovation of the Air
Traffic System”
– Consideration of concrete measures and development of roadmap
• 2011 ～ Implementation of the measures
5MLIT
Working Framework
Committee for Promoting
Renovation of the Air Traffic System
Cost-effectiveness analysis /
Planning and performance assessment Subgroup
Coordination Meeting
Research and Development promoting Subgroup
Information TBO ad-hoc
ATM WG PBN WG MET WG g
Management WG
Data
D t COM ad-hoc
dh
Advance
PBN SG
General Aviation
PBN SG
+ surveillances ad-hoc
GNSS ad
ad-hoc
hoc
*ATM: Air Traffic Management, PBN: Performance Based Navigation, RNAV: aRea NAVigation
¾The committee manages whole CARATS activity.
¾Each concrete discussion of the measure is carried out in each WGs, ad-hoc and
SG under the PBN WG.
¾All of these meetings are collaborative activity in which JCAB, research institute,
manufacturer and airline have participated. 6MLIT
Objectives of CARATS
Objectives to be achieved by 2025
(clarifying numerical targets)
Objective Numerical target
Enhancing safety Increase safety level by 5 times
Responding
R di tto th
the iincrease iin air
i Double
D bl th
the air
i traffic
t ffi control
t l capacity
it in
i
traffic volume congested airspace
Improving user conveniences Improve services level (punctuality and
reduction of flight time) by 10%
Improving operational efficiency Reduce fuel consumption per flight by 10%
Improving productivity of air traffics Improve productivity of air traffic services by
services 50% or more
R
Responding
di tto environmental
i t l iissues R d
Reduce CO2 emissions
i i per flight
fli ht b
by 10%
Enhancing the international presence (Qualitative objective)
of Japan in the aviation field
7Development of performance indicators MLIT
Development
D l t off iindicators
di t ffor checking
h ki th the status
t t off iimplementation
l t ti off th
the CARATS measures
Progressing CARATS measures steadily and monitoring and analyzing hem continuously
Objective and Numerical target Outline of indicator
1 Enhancing safety The number of aircraft accident and important incident resulting from
(Increase safety level by 5 times) ATC (the average number for the past five years)
2 Responding
R di tto th
the iincrease iin air
i ttraffic
ffi volume
l
(Double the air traffic control capacity in (Under consideration)
congested airspace)
Punctuality :
The rate off the arrival delay flights
f exceeding 15
1 minutes
Actual operation rate :
3 Improving user conveniences
The flight cancellation rate by the influence of the whether (the average
(Improve services level by 10%)
rate for the past three years)
Rapidness:
Flight time of Gate-to-Gate of main routes.
4 Improving operational efficiency
The amount of the fuel consumption per flight in main routes
((Reduce
educe fuel
ue co
consumption
su p o pe per flight
g by 10%)
0%)
5 Improving productivity of air traffics services The flight plan operation number of each air traffic controller
(Improve productivity of air traffic services by
The flight plan operation number to the maintenance expense (the
50% or more)
average number for the past three years)
6 Responding to environmental issues
The amount of the CO2 emissions per flight in main routes
(Reduce CO2 emissions per flight by 10%)
8MLIT
Direction of renovation of CARATS
4. Realizing Satellite
4 Satellite-based
based
Navigation for All Flight Phases
Aircraft can determine position
and time accurately in all FIR
off Japan
J by Satellite-based
b S t llit b d
navigation
3. Promoting Performance-based
1. Realizing Trajectory
1 Trajectory-based
based
Operation (PBO)
Operation (TBO)
5. Enhancing Situational Awareness
on the Ground and in the Air
Cooperation between
ground and air,
Information sharing
Integrated ATC processing system
8. Realizing High-density Operation
in Congested Airports and Airspace 6 Making Maximum Use of
the Capability of Human
2. Improving Predictability Beings and Machines
The calculation of air traffic
control capacity, 7. Complete information-
Estimation of traffic flow, sharing and Collaborative
Improving of predictability of Decision-Making 9
meteorological phenomenaMLIT
CARATS Roadmap
In order to establish future air traffic systems in
applanned manner based on the CARATS,, it is Legend
g of the CARATS Roadmap
p
necessary to prepare a roadmap specifying
Preparation for the introduction of measures (upon
measures to be taken through collaboration the completion of preparation, it will be possible to
among the parties concerned and put short- launch the improved operation.)
term measures into action first,
first while carrying R&D and other activities to be carried out before
deciding to introduce the measure
out R&D in a planned manner regarding long-
term measures. Decision to introduce the measure
From this viewpoint, the MLIT prepared the Decision to introduce the measure (when there are
CARATS Roadmap in March 2011. two options.)
Measures currently in operation
The roadmap specifies 64 measure that needs
to be taken in order to achieve the CARATS,
XXXXX Measures not yet clarified but expected to be
and categorizes them into measures intended XXXXX examined and adopted in the future
to improve
p operation
p ((operational
p
improvements (OI)) and measures relating to
technology necessary for enabling such
improvement (enablers (EN)).
Appendix (Excel file)
10Activities in implementation phase P11
MLIT
Development
p of implementation
p Research and development
p plans
p
plans on short-term OIs and ENs on long and mid-term OIs and ENs
Cost benefit analysis
Implementation decision making
Performance monitoring Progress review on roadmap
Review of OIs and ENs and roadmap and performance measures
11MLIT
Recent Topics
12Decision for Introduction of CARATS measures in FY 2013 MLIT
Seamless operations among
continental and oceanic airspace
• UPR Continental Oceanic
• DARP (by
( y CPDLC)) • UPR+DARP
UPR DARP • UPR+DARP
UPR DARP
• Free routing • CPDLC • CPDLC
• Free-routing
flying-over
Arrival to the domestic
Ultra upper sectors
• Dynamic sector
• Issue climb instruction composition • Re-formation of
Upper sectors
(by CPDLC) continental airspace
Upper (variable sector)
International • CDO
departures (by CPDLC)
• Issue frequency change L
Lower sectors
t
(by CPDLC) ・ CFDT for multiple
points (by CPDLC)
・CDO
•Time-based metering
・ Consolidation of • RECAT
terminal control airspace • variable terminal control airspace
Fundamental System
• Integrated air traffic control data processing system (EN-1)
• Integrated display for weather observation data (EN-4-1)
• WAM for en-route (EN-9-2)
13Implementation year (current plan) MLIT
¾Ai
¾Airspace re-formation
f ti
West Japan 2020
East Japan 2024
¾Dynamic sector composition
change of vertical boundary 2020
change of vertical and horizontal boundary 2026~
¾Continental CPDLC 2021
¾UPR and DARP in the continental airspace
UPR 2025
DARP 2026~
¾Time-based metering
fixed metering fix 2018
dynamic metering fix 2021
¾RECAT (phase 1, 2) 2018
¾Variable terminal control airspace
operation using multiple fix point 2019
operation by instruction of L/L 2021 14Future airspace structure MLIT
【Current - divided by geographical bases】
（En-route） 【The current airspace】
（En-route） （En-route） （En-route）
・Each
Each ACCs divided by
vertically
・ACC controls from the
surface to upper
（Airport）
・TCAs are set depending on
the location of airport
（TCA）
【Future - divided by aircraft movement
i,e, climb, cruise and descend phase】
【Future airspace】
（Upper En-route） ・ACCs divided into upper
and lower.
・TCAs
TCAs consolidated or
expanded
（airport）
（consolidated TCA）
（
（Lower En-route））
15Continental CPDLC (service image) MLIT
Utilization of private company Consideration of service coverage
Newly-establised
y
station
ＶDL-mode2 ＶDL-mode2
POA
ground station ground station ground station
ATC AOC
DSP network
Datalink service Central system
provider AOC
About 200NM
JCAB
CASNET Airline
ATC
ATC console Data relay system
●Current coverage of DSP
○Newly- expanded area
( d di
(under discussion)
i )
16MLIT
Example of other activities
17Example of Activities ： Performance based navigation MLIT
Expansion of RNAV by using an aircraft equipping the advanced flight management system for
navigation, and having high navigation capability. As a result, flight efficiency and safety are improved.
Nationwide implementation of PBN is promoted by shift to higher precision RNAV.
Status of implementation of RNAV A precise and flexible approach procedure
En-route 2012-
RNP AR approach (Authorization Required)
○ Apply
A l RF lleg
☆ Reduce flight distance
0ft ☆ Provide vertical guidance
☆ Improve MINIMA
☆ Noise abatement
2021
2021-
Curved precision approach
SID/TR（Departure） STAR（Arrival） RNP to xLS with RF leg
RNAV1: 27 RNAV1: 24 GPS
Basic-RNP1: 12 Basic-RNP1: 6
(# of Airports) (# of Airports)
Under consideration
Approach
GBAS implementation
RNAV(GNSS):
( ) 31 ((RNAV:16 RNP:15 )
RNP AR Approach: 12
(# of Airports)
As of JUNE1, 2014 GBAS 18Example of Activities ： Trajectory-based operation MLIT
Realizing Trajectory-based operation which optimizes a trajectory of an aircraft without depending on
fi d airspace
fixed i and
d routes.
t
⇒An aircraft flies the trajectory which introduced time-based management while receiving support of a
system. As a result, the aircraft keeps the efficient trajectory.
20 knots deceleration
20 knots acceleration 10 knots acceleration
10 knots deceleration
10 knots acceleration
30 knots deceleration
Preparation of trajectory
trajectory- Initial stage of trajectory
trajectory-
based operation based operation
2011- Implementation of time management 2019- Implementation of time management
at a crossing point at several crossing
gppoint
2026- Adjustment of trajectory as required to flexibility
thorough the support of system
Evasion of a thundercloud
Final stage of trajectory-based
operation
19Example of Activities ： Continuous descent operations MLIT
• Realizing CDO (continuous descent operations) which specifies the passage time and the passage
altitude of a specific point and enables continuous descent without temporary level flight in descent
and approach phase.
• Reduction of fuel consumption, CO2 emission and noise are expected.
¾CDO is defined as the following three stages by procedures of operation.
• Initial stage CDO by radio communication (This is introduced at Kansai airport)
• 2nd stage CDO realized by the uplink of a 3D trajectory from the ATC system
(This is applied in limited time zone because it is difficult to apply in the congestion time.)
• 3rdd stage CDO realized by the uplink of a 4Dtrajectory which indicate time
(This is applied in all the situations including the congestion time and congested airport. )
2009-
009 Future approach operation
CDO with radio communication
2017-
2017
Present approach operation
CDO with data link
Runwayy
2026-
CDO with time specification
20Example of Activities ： Prediction of wake vortex MLIT
Realizing high-density operation by shortening an separation resulting from wake vortex
A separation
ti can b be shortened
h t dbby predicting
di ti movementt off wakek vortex
t b by observation
b ti off a wind.
i d
A separation can be shortened by detecting and predicting wave vortex.
Observation of
wind 2022-
Prediction based on the
wind observation
Prediction off
movement of
wake vortex
2024-
Shortening of Detection and prediction
separation
of wake vortex
Observation of
wake vortex
Shortening of
separation
21Example of Activities ： Establishment of SWIM MLIT
Establishment of the network (SWIM ： System Wide Information Management) which manages all
th iinformation
the f ti concerning
i operation
ti comprehensively,
h i l and d can access required
i d iinformation
f ti when
h
required.
Operator
Aircraft
2018- Airport
International administrator
standard format Global information sharing
System of
Airport Mi i t off
Ministry
System of administration Defense
Airlines
System of
Military
JCAB
System of
JCAB Various stakeholders
Owner, manager or user of various information（System）
2019-
Initial operation
Meteorological 9Governance
Agency 9Creation of additional value Surveillance Information
AIS & AIM
9Service oriented architecture (SOA) and Aircraft
info
About
9Information sharing position Airport
9Security policy
9Effective use of current technology
FPL
System of 9Standardization of protocol (Flight Plan
ATM WX
Meteorological 9Effective use of COTS info)
(ATM info) (Weather info)
2026- Agency
harmonization
of function
Various information
SWIM network
22
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