Changes of Mental State and Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression after Receiving the Combination Therapy of ...
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Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
Volume 2022, Article ID 6580030, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6580030
Research Article
Changes of Mental State and Serum Prolactin Levels in
Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression after Receiving the
Combination Therapy of Amisulpride and
Chloroprothixol Tablets
Bozhi Yuan and Mei Yuan
Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430051, China
Correspondence should be addressed to Mei Yuan; 2009030204@st.btbu.edu.cn
Received 27 October 2021; Revised 20 December 2021; Accepted 29 January 2022; Published 22 February 2022
Academic Editor: Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf
Copyright © 2022 Bozhi Yuan and Mei Yuan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Objective. To investigate the changes in mental state and serum prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia and depression after
receiving the combination therapy of amisulpride and chloroprothixol tablets. Methods. A total of 148 schizophrenic patients with
depression were randomly divided into control group (N = 73) and study group (N = 75). The control group was treated with
clopidothiol, and the study group was treated with amisulpride. Symptom scores, sleep quality, adverse reactions, therapeutic
effects, prolactin, and progesterone levels, HAMD, PANSS, and PSP scores were compared between the two groups. Results.
The symptom scores of both groups were significantly reduced, but when compared to the control group, the symptom scores
of the research group were significantly reduced more significantly (P < 0:05); serum GDNF levels of both groups were
significantly increased, while serum NSE, IL-1, and MBP levels were significantly reduced (P < 0:05). However, the research
group altered more substantially (P < 0:05) than the control group; the overall PSQI score of the research group was lower
(P < 0:05) than the control group; and the incidence of adverse responses in the control and study groups was 12.3 percent
and 4.0 percent. The research group had a lower rate of adverse responses (P < 0:05) than the control group, and the effective
treatment of the control and research groups was 82.2 percent and 98.7%, respectively. The research group had a lower rate of
adverse reactions (P < 0:05) than the control group, while the control and research groups’ successful treatment rates were 82.2
percent and 98.7%, respectively. When compared to the control group, the research group had a greater treatment efficiency
(P < 0:05); blood prolactin and progesterone levels were considerably lowered in both groups, but the reductions in the
research group were more evident (P < 0:05). Both groups had considerably lower HAMD and PANSS scores, and both had
significantly higher PSP scores, although the difference in the research group was more evident (P < 0:05). Conclusion. For
people with schizophrenia and depression, a combination of amisulpride and chloroprothixol pills has a considerable effect. It
can help patients with their clinical symptoms and sleep quality while also lowering their serum prolactin levels, which is
favorable to their illness recovery. As a result, the combined treatment of amisulpride and chloroprothixol pills deserves to be
promoted and used.
1. Preface Drugs are often used in clinical adjuvant treatment, how-
ever, patients frequently have serious pharmaceutical
People’s lives are now more stressful than they have ever adverse effects. In therapeutic settings, chloprothixol tablets
been, and the frequency of schizophrenic groups is increas- are used to treat people with schizophrenia and depression.
ing year after year. Some patients may have depressive However, prolactin secretion will be altered to some degree
symptoms, which will disrupt their normal sleep patterns following pharmaceutical treatment, and patient compliance
and have a greater effect on their overall quality of life [1]. will be limited [2]. Due to sensitivity to adverse responses,2 Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
some patients may stop taking the treatment or lower their of 3000 revolutions per minute, and detected by an auto-
dosage, resulting in recurrent illnesses that are difficult to matic microplate reader.
manage [3]. Amisulpride therapy is based on the use of The levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), glial-derived
Chloprothixol pills, which have a good therapeutic effect neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neuron-specific enolase
and are quite safe. It is an atypical antipsychotic medication (NSE), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), relevant operations are
that is a benzamide derivative [4]. carried out in accordance with the instructions. Shanghai
A total of 148 individuals with schizophrenia and Xuya Biotechnology Co., Ltd. provides the kits.
depression were chosen for this trial, and they were given The adverse reactions: count the number of cases of con-
amisulpride and chloroprothixol pills. The research looked stipation/dry mouth, abnormal liver function, and extrapy-
at changes in patients’ mental states and serum prolactin ramidal reactions, and calculate the incidence.
levels in the hopes of improving the patients’ mental health The following is the therapeutic impact [8]: ineffective:
and prognosis, as well as the treatment’s safety. after therapy, clinical symptoms do not improve or deterio-
rate significantly. Effective: after therapy, the number of
2. Materials and Methods patients with positive symptoms drops considerably, and
clinical symptoms improve. Significantly effective: clinical
2.1. The General Materials. The control group (n = 73), 35 problems largely subside after therapy, and mental state
males and 38 females, with an average course of disease noticeably improves. The effective rate is derived by multi-
(5.60.6) years, age 18-60 years old, average age (32.42.6) plying the total number of cases by 100 percent and adding
years old; the research group (n = 75), 36 males and 39 the number of strikingly effective and effective instances.
females, average course of disease (5.50.6) years, age 18-60 Prolactin and progesterone concentrations [9]: an electro-
years old, average age (32.62.4) years old; the research group chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer is used to test
(n = 75), 36 males and 39 females, average course of disease prolactin and progesterone levels. The stronger the thera-
(5.50.6) years, age 18-60 criteria for inclusion [5]: (1) did not peutic impact, the more the numbers tend to be normal.
take part in any other clinical trials during the research; (2) The HAMD, PANSS, and PSP scores [10]: the depression
age ≥ 18 years old; (3) obvious clinical symptoms, diagnosed status of patients was evaluated by the Hamilton Depression
as schizophrenia with depression after diagnosis; (4) cooper- Scale (HAMD), and the corresponding scores for severe, mod-
ate with the study and be able to receive prognostic follow- erate, mild depression, and normal were >35 points, 20-35
up; (5) first onset. Exclusion criteria: (1) intolerance to the points, 8-20 points, and 0:05), and the hospital ethics committee agreed. depressive symptoms are. The PSP scale is used to evaluate a
personal social function, including self-care, social relations,
2.2. Method. Amisulpride is a drug that is used to treat a work, and study. The higher the score is, the more obvious
variety (National Medicine Standard H20113231, manufac- the improvement of social function is.
turer: Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) treatment: 1000 mg/
time, 1 time per day; the first week’s treatment is continued 2.4. The Statistical Methods. After that, the data was put
at a daily dose of 300 mg. This dose should be continued if through a normal distribution test. The composition ratio
the patient has no visible adverse events; the patient had a should characterize the count data if the data has a normal
total of 12 rounds of continuous treatment. Chloprothixol distribution, and the differences between groups were
tablets (National Medicine Standard H31021424, manufac- explored using the chi-square test [11–13]. The measure-
turer: Shanghai Xinyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) treatment: ment data should be expressed as (mean standard devia-
1 time/day, 5 mg/time, gradually increase the dosage after tion), the t test should be used to examine the differences
14 days of treatment, 15-20 mg per day, the patient received between groups, and the physical influencing factors of the
a total of 12 courses of continuous treatment. case group should be investigated using Logistic regression
P0:05 is considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism
2.3. The Observation Index. The symptom score: record the 8 was used in this study to create graphs.
negative symptoms score, positive symptoms score, and total
score, the lower the score is, the more obvious the improve- 3. Result
ment of symptoms is.
The sleep quality [6]: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 3.1. The Comparison of Symptom Scores between the Two
(PSQI) scale is used to assess the patients’ sleep quality. The Groups before and after Treatment. Before treatment, there
scale includes a total score of 21 points and seven compo- was no significant difference in the negative, positive, and
nents, each of which has a value of 0-3. The lower the score, total symptom scores between the two groups (P > 0:05).
the more noticeable the sleep quality improvement is. After treatment, the symptom scores of the two groups were
The levels of serum GDNF, NSE, IL-1β, and MBP [7]: significantly reduced, but compared with the control group,
3 ml fasting venous blood is drawn, centrifuged at a speed the symptom scores of the research group were reducedComputational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 3
Table 1: The comparison of the symptom scores between the two groups before and after treatment (x ± s).
The negative symptom score The positive symptom score Total score
Number of
Group Before After Before After Before After
cases
treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment
The control group 73 27:6 ± 1:9 20:5 ± 1:5 14:2 ± 2:6 8:6 ± 1:5 80:7 ± 3:8 66:5 ± 3:2
The research
75 27:5 ± 2:0 18:2 ± 1:3 13:8 ± 2:4 7:8 ± 1:8 80:6 ± 3:7 50:8 ± 2:7
group
T / 1.526 15.724 0.963 13.728 0.514 18.725
P / >0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.054 Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
Incidence of adverse reactions (%) 15 group and the research group were 12.3% and 4.0%, respec-
tively. Compared with the control group, the adverse reac-
tion rate of the research group was lower. The difference
between the two groups was statistically significant
10
(P < 0:05) (Figure 1).
# 3.9. The Comparison of the Treatment Effect between the Two
5 Groups. The treatment effect of the control group and the
# research group was 82.2% and 98.7%, respectively. Com-
#
pared with the control group, the research group had a
#
higher treatment efficiency. There was a statistically signifi-
0 cant difference between the two groups (P < 0:05) (Figure 2).
se
n
h
te
io
on
t
ra
ou
ct
3.10. The Comparison of the Levels of Prolactin and
sp
n
un
m
tio
re
f
ry
c
er
l
Progesterone in the Two Groups. Before treatment, there
ea
d
ea
liv
n/
or
er
tio
al
rp
was no significant difference in the levels of prolactin and pro-
rs
m
pa
co
ve
r
gesterone between the two groups (P > 0:05). The levels of
ti
tra
no
Ad
ns
Ab
ex
Co
t
blood prolactin and progesterone in both groups were consid-
os
M
erably lowered after treatment, but the changes in the research
Control group group were more significant than the changes in the control
Research group group, and the difference between the two groups was statisti-
cally significant (P > 0:05) (Figures 3(a) and 3(b)).
Figure 1: The comparison of the adverse reaction rates between the
two groups. 3.11. The Comparison of the HAMD, PANSS, and PSP Scores
of the Two Groups. Before treatment, the HAMD, PANSS,
100 and PSP scores of the two groups were not significantly
different (P > 0:05). Both groups’ HAMD and PANSS
#
80
scores were considerably reduced after treatment, while
their PSP scores were significantly increased, although
Therapeutic response rate
# the changes in the research group were more noticeable,
60 and the difference between the two groups was statistically
significant (P < 0:05) (Figure 4).
40
4. Discussion
20
Schizophrenia is caused by a variety of reasons, the most
common of which is a loss of serotonin system function. It
# is also linked to psychotic symptoms and secondary causes.
0 Other psychosocial variables and antipsychotic medications
Invalid Efficient Markedly effective Efficient are also linked to it [14–16]. Schizophrenia patients may
exhibit both negative and positive symptoms [17]. Hypovo-
Control group
lemia, social withdrawal, poor thinking, sluggish movement,
Research group
lethargy, and other negative symptoms are the most com-
Figure 2: The comparison of the treatment effect between the two mon, whereas thinking disorder, abnormal hyperactivity,
groups. hallucinations, uncoordinated actions, delusions, and other
positive symptoms are the most common [18]. There are a
lot of research on clinical symptoms in the clinical applica-
significantly reduced, but compared with the control group, tion of amisulpride, however, there aren’t enough studies
the changes in the research group were more obvious, and on sleep and mental state improvement. This research exam-
the difference between the two groups was statistically signif- ines the safety of the amisulpride therapy by selecting certi-
icant (P < 0:05) (Table 2). fied samples [19–21]. The findings showed that amisulpride
medication for schizophrenia and depression patients has a
3.7. The Comparison of Sleep Quality Scores between the Two substantial impact and may help with sleep problems.
Groups. Compared with the control group, the total PSQI Because of its evident pharmacological properties, it may
score of the research group was lower, and the difference help patients’ mental states improve even more, and their
between the two groups was statistically significant negative feelings can be greatly reduced [22, 23].
(P < 0:05) (Table 3). Amisulpride has an antagonistic impact on the
midbrain-limbic system’s postsynaptic membrane dopamine
3.8. The Comparison of the Adverse Reaction Rates between receptors. The primary considerations are the pharmacolog-
the Two Groups. The adverse reaction rates of the control ical properties. The release and synthesis of dopamine areComputational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 5
50 80
40
60
Progesterone(ng/mL)
Prolactin (g/L)
30
40
20
20
10
0 0
Control group (before treatment) Control group (before treatment)
Control group (after treatment)
Control group (after treatment)
Research group (before treatment)
Research group (before treatment)
Research group(after treatment)
Research group(after treatment)
(a) (b)
Figure 3: The comparison of the levels of prolactin and progesterone.
1000 assist with depression and anxiety [22]. The research looked
at the impact of combining two medications on patients’
mental health and clinical symptoms. The study’s findings
800
revealed that both groups’ symptom scores were significantly
reduced, but the research group’s symptom scores decreased
600 more significantly (P < 0:05) when compared to the control
Score
group; both groups’ HAMD and PANSS scores were signif-
icantly reduced, and both groups’ PSP scores were signifi-
400
cantly increased, but the changes in the research group
were more significant (P < 0:05). The findings revealed that,
200 when compared to single-drug treatment, two-drug combi-
nation therapy may significantly improve clinical symptoms
while also alleviating depression in patients. Patients’ ability
0
to communicate emotions and sleep quality may both be
HAMD scores PANSSscores PSPscores
enhanced. Patients with schizophrenia and depression have
Control group (after treatment) apparent nervous system impairment, and their serum
Study group (after treatment) MBP and NSE levels will be much higher. Clinical monitor-
ing of GDNF levels may be used to assess a patient’s cogni-
Figure 4: The comparison of the HAMD, PANSS, and PSP scores tive function. Furthermore, some researchers asserted that
of the two groups. there is a link between blood IL-1 levels and patient cogni-
tive performance, and that serum IL-1 levels may be used
to assess central nervous system degeneration and injury
greatly enhanced, and the transmission speed of dopamine is [23]. The study’s findings revealed that both groups’ serum
accelerated. Increasing the quantity of amisulpride prevents GDNF levels were considerably higher, while their serum
the binding between postsynaptic membrane receptors and NSE, IL-1, and MBP levels were significantly lower, although
dopamine and subsequently antagonizes dopamine autore- the research group altered more significantly (P < 0:05) than
ceptors. The impact of amisulpride on 5-HT7a is now caus- the control group. The results confirmed that the combined
ing a lot of clinical worry. Some researchers think it is linked treatment of amisulpride and chloroprothixol tablets is ben-
to the antidepressant effect. Patients with positive and nega- eficial to the improvement of the central nervous system
tive symptoms are visible, and some patients will have signif- function of patients, and at the same time reduces the level
icant cognitive impairment, act oddly, and be prone to of serum inflammatory factors, which can speed up the
crankiness. A combination of amisulpride and chloro- recovery of patients. The combined therapy of amisulpride
prothixol tablets therapy, according to some experts, has a and chloroprothixol tablets is safer and can improve
greater impact. patients’ clinical symptoms. However, clinical attention
The brain’s postsynaptic dopamine receptors are blocked should be paid to the effect of the above two drugs on the
by chlorprothixol tablets. It is an antipsychotic that may serum prolactin level of patients. Under the action of6 Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
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