Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo

 
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Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
Connecting Greater Bendigo
Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)
Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy
    Strategic Planning Unit City of Greater Bendigo
    Adopted on August 26, 2015

    ITLUS Steering Committee Membership:
    •   Cr Rod Campbell, Greater Bendigo City Council (Chair)
    •   Mayor Cr Peter Cox, Greater Bendigo City Council
    •   Cr Barry Lyons, Greater Bendigo City Council
    •   Mr Mal Kersting, Northern Regional Director, VicRoads
    •   Mr Stephen McIvor-Smith, Acting Executive Director, Intergovernmental Relations – Strategy and
        Planning, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources
    •   Ms Jan Boynton, Regional Director, Loddon Mallee, Regional Development Victoria
    •   Mr Craig Niemann, Chief Executive Officer, City of Greater Bendigo
    •   Mr Darren Fuzzard, Director Presentation and Assets, City of Greater Bendigo
    •   Ms Prue Mansfield, Director Planning & Development, City of Greater Bendigo
    •   Mr Trevor Budge, Manager Strategy, City of Greater Bendigo
    •   Mrs Katherine Wrzesinski, Senior Integrated Transport Planner, City of Greater Bendigo

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Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
Foreword
                                                                                   Mr Craig Niemann                                            strategy for Greater Bendigo in such a cooperative
                                                                                   Chief Executive Officer, City of Greater Bendigo            manner with an ambition to have a process that
                           Mayor Cr Peter Cox,
                                                                                   The City is an organisation of over a thousand staff        engaged with the community and that was open to
                           Greater Bendigo City Council
                                                                                   working together to make Bendigo Australia’s most           ideas and initiatives. The journey to produce the plan
                           It is with great pleasure on behalf of the              liveable regional city. We know that it is a huge task to   has been highly productive; large numbers of the
                           Greater Bendigo City Council that I write               manage a fast growing city with a range of competing        community involved, many organisations coming on
                           this foreword. Connecting Greater Bendigo               demands. The ITLUS is a very important strategy             board as partners, the Bendigo Metro Rail initiative – a
                           – Integrated Transport and Land Use                     because it provides a really clear direction and sets       direct outcome of developing the ITLUS and projects
                           Strategy (ITLUS) has been a long but very               priorities for expenditure and action across our whole      with schools. Each of the organisations have learned
                           fruitful journey. Council funded the ITLUS                                                                          much on that journey. Our approach to meeting Greater
                                                                                   city and organisation. One of the most significant
                           because we wanted to have an innovative                                                                             Bendigo’s future transport and land use needs provides
                                                                                   elements of the ITLUS is that implementation is a
 and inspiring plan to tackle our growing transport needs for the                                                                              new thinking, bold ideas and shared action.
                                                                                   partnership between the City, state government,
 next twenty to thirty years.
                                                                                   community and businesses. The City itself has to
 Developing the ITLUS was a response to the community’s call to go                 be an active player in this. Council is committed to        Mr Stephen McIvor-Smith
 well beyond the draft 2011 Road Transport Strategy. The community                 improving the health of our residents, ensuring we have     Acting Executive Director, Intergovernmental
 wanted a strategy that embraced all forms of transport, that                      safe ways to get around our city and that we reduce         Relations – Strategy and Planning, Department
 addressed the needs of all our residents and that truly integrated                our environmental impact. The City’s commitment to          of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and
 transport and land use. The ITLUS is at the forefront of community                provide a bicycle fleet to reduce the use of our fleet      Resources
 driven strategies both for Bendigo and at a much wider level.                     cars around the city centre is one example of how we
                                                                                                                                               The Greater Bendigo ITLUS will help drive economic
 The community involvement, engagement and support for a                           support the ITLUS. There are many opportunities like
                                                                                                                                               development and manage population growth in a
 strategy of this type have been unprecedented. While the ITLUS is                 this where we as an organisation can lead by example.       sustainable manner. The strategy will also help create
 Council’s plan it is a document which importantly has in principle                                                                            more liveable communities by ensuring new residential
 support from key agencies such as VicRoads Public Transport                                                                                   developments have good walking, cycling and public
                                                                                   Cr Rod Campbell
 Victoria and V/Line. Significantly the implementation of the ITLUS is                                                                         transport access to existing networks.
                                                                                   Greater Bendigo City Council
 now a partnership with over 20 major organisations including: the
                                                                                   ITLUS Steering Committee (Chair)
 Bendigo and Adelaide Bank, Bendigo Health, La Trobe University,
 Bendigo TAFE, Bendigo Business Council, the Bendigo Sustainably                   The ITLUS Steering Committee comprises                      Mr Mal Kersting
 Group, the Victorian Bus Association and numerous schools                         representatives from the City and those government          Northern Regional Director, VicRoads
 across Greater Bendigo. Each of these groups have in some way                     departments and agencies that work with the                 The ITLUS sets the framework and directions for
 committed to work towards implementing aspects of the ITLUS.                      Council in providing essential transport facilities and     Greater Bendigo that provides a focus for an integrated
                                                                                   services; the Department of Economic Development,           approach to transport and land use planning; reducing
 The Strategy provides Council, the various government agencies
                                                                                   Jobs, Transport and Resources, VicRoads and Public          our reliance on cars and making the best possible use
 and the community with a plan for the future – a plan that is
                                                                                   Transport Victoria. As Chair I want to thank all the        of the available infrastructure, including road space, to
 designed to lead Bendigo to be Australia’s most liveable regional city.
                                                                                   representatives who sat on the Committee during             meet capacity demands, and being open to exploring
                                                                                   the life of this project. It was most pleasing that the     opportunities to do things differently.
                                                                                   Committee approached the task of overseeing the
                                                                                   preparation of an integrated transport and land use

                                                           Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                                    3
Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
Many have contributed
PREFACE

          We would like to thank all those who have        attended events to both learn more about
          contributed to the development of the ITLUS.     the concepts underpinning the ITLUS and to
                                                           contribute their own ideas.
          Special thanks go to the members of the ITLUS
          Steering Committee, the Reference Group          Finally, we thank all those in our community
          and the Technical Working Group who have         who are already working together in making
          contributed their personal time in attending     Bendigo the most liveable regional city in
          numerous workshops and meetings and for          Australia.
          sharing their professional and local knowledge
          and varied viewpoints with the Project Team.
          We would like to thank the consultants who
          have assisted with the project, GHD, MRCagney
          and Hello City and those in the community
          who took part in the workshops and who

            Organisations represented in the Steering Committee, the Reference Group and the
            Technical Working Group:

            •   City of Greater Bendigo                    • Positive Ageing Advisory Committee -
            •   Public Transport Victoria                    Transport Working Group
            •   VicRoads                                   • Urban Development Institute of Australia
                                                             Northern Chapter
            •   Department of Economic Development,
                Jobs, Transport and Resources              • J & A Light Freight
            •   Bendigo Take Action Group                  • Hoffman Engineering
                                                             (Bendigo Manufacturing Group Member)
            •   Bendigo Sustainability Group
                                                           • Plan B - Planning Students’ Association at
            •   Bendigo Health
                                                             La Trobe University
            •   Bendigo & Adelaide Bank
                                                           • Whitmores Bus Line
            •   Bendigo Business Council                     (Strathfieldsaye Service)
            •   La Trobe University                        • Bus Association Victoria
            •   Bendigo Traders Association                • Youth representative
            •   Christian’s Bus Company

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Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
PREFACE
            Greater Bendigo: Working together to be
             Australia’s most liveable regional city

Preventing urban sprawl    Improving health and                  Using the capacity of our                    Changing individual         Leading through
   and strengthening      wellbeing through much                 networks to better move                        travel behaviours       innovation and good
 connections between       better public transport                  people and goods                         through strengthening          governance
   people and places       and more active travel                                                           partnerships and building
                                                                                                               community support

                                       Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                              5
Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
The objectives at a glance
PREFACE

          Connecting Greater Bendigo – Integrated Transport and
          Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) is the City’s plan and call to
          action to:                                                         Connecting Greater Bendigo                                               Healthy Greater Bendigo
          • progressively reduce the many short local trips that are
            unnecessarily made by car in urban Bendigo; especially                                                                                    IMPROVING HEALTH AND WELLBEING THROUGH
                                                                             PREVENTING URBAN SPRAWL AND STRENGTHENING
            accessing places in our local neighbourhoods, commuting                                                                                   MUCH BETTER PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND MORE
                                                                             CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND PLACES
            to work in the city centre and travelling to and from school;                                                                             ACTIVE TRAVEL
          • use clever and innovative city design to support far            Manage growth
            greater levels of walking, cycling and better public            within the Urban
                                                                                                                            Prioritise                                      Improve and expand 3.1
            transport to better connect people and places and make                                                                                                          services to existing railway
                                                                            Growth Boundary
            big improvements in the health of everyone, particularly                                                                                 Implement a            stations
            children; and                                                                             Maintain and                                   hierarchy of bus
          • further develop and strengthen existing innovative
                                                                                                      enhance the           in Activity              routes that serve
            partnerships between Council and the key organisations
                                                                                                      prominent role of
                                                                                                                            Centres                  a variety of                On-road BUS priority
                                                                                                      the City centre as
            and businesses that support the ITLUS objectives and work                                 a major focus for                              people and needs
            with Council to implement a series of agreed actions                                      civic, cultural,
                                                                                                      commericial and
                                                                                                      retail experiences                             Strengthen
                                                                                                                                                     regional public
                                                                            Protect and                         Strengthen a                         transport                          Establish a
                                                                                                                hierarchy of                         connections                        self-contained
                                                                            reinforce the                       vibrant                                                                 urban rail
                                                                            identity of Bendigo                                                      Improve bus                        service in
                                                                                                                                                     services to existing               Bendigo
                                                                            Integrate and coordinate                                                 railway stations
                                                                            public transport services

                                                                                                                                activity centres
                                                                                                                                                                            10 MINU T E
                                                                                                                                and townships                               NEIGHBOURHOODS
                                                                                   Improve linkages            Expand transport choises as the 3.3   Complete a network of safe
                                                                            between walking, cycling and       city’s population grows by
                                                                            public transport routes, as well   providing a wider range of services
                                                                                                                                                     bicycle infrastructure
                                                                            as access to and circulation
                                                                            within interchanges
                                                                                                                                                            Complete a safe and convenient
                                                                                      Support well connected and district townships                           network of walking paths

   6
Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
PREFACE
Moving Greater Bendigo                                          Engaging Greater Bendigo                                              Inspiring Greater Bendigo
                                                                CHANGING INDIVIDUAL TRAVEL BEHAVIOURS
USING THE CAPACITY OF OUR NETWORKS TO                                                                                                  LEADING THROUGH INNOVATION AND
                                                                THROUGH STRENGTHENING PARTNERSHIPS AND
BETTER MOVE PEOPLE AND GOODS                                                                                                           GOOD GOVERNANCE
                                                                BUILDING COMMUNITY SUPPORT

Maintain a                              Protect 2.2              Partner with lead organisations,                                     Utilise appropriate
sustainable                             and enhance              government departments,                                              statutory and strategic
network for road                        key freight              agencies, schools, community
                                                                                                                                      planning tools to deliver
transport through                       connections                                      groups and employers to                      integrated3.2
                                                                                                                                                   transport and
smarter investment                                                                       engage as many people as                     land use outcomes
                                                                                         possible
Understand and address the needs of the                                                                                               Trial and pilot a      Formalise the
freight sector and
associated industries
                                                               Seek                                                                   series of
                                                                                                                                      Council
                                                                                                                                                             GOVERNANCE
                                                               opportunities                                                          initiatives to         MODEL
                                                               to share                           Change the way                      demonstrate
         Prioritise the movement of people over the                                                                                                          to deliver
       expansion of road capacity when addressing              resources and                     people think about                   how regional
                              traffic congestion and car       explore new                        travelling around                   cities can lead        measurable
                   Road works           parking demand         funding                            Greater Bendigo                     and innovate           outcomes
                                                     1.2
                                                               streams                                                               Ensure program          Position Greater Bendigo
Make best                        Moderate the                                                                                        implementation and      as a leader in land use
use of                           need for car travel                                                                                 funding priorities      and transport innovation
what we                          and improve                                                                                         align with the vision
have by                          access to daily                Share knowledge and                                                  and principles of
prioritising                     destinations                   ideas on how to                                                      ITLUS
different                                                       progressively build a
roads for                                                       healthier, more appealing
                                                                and resilient city                                                    LEAD by EXAMPLE
different users

                                                      Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                         7
Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
How should Bendigo approach the integration of transport and land use?
                                                   MAIN ITLUS ACTIONS
PREFACE

                          PEOPLE                              WALKING                                CYCLING

               BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT FOR YOU,     BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT FOR PEOPLE   BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT FOR PEOPLE
              WHETHER YOU ARE 8 OR 80 YEARS OLD.           WHO WANT TO WALK.                    WHO WANT TO CYCLE.

                            RAIL                                BUSES                                ROADS

              BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT FOR PEOPLE    BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT FOR PEOPLE   BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT FOR PEOPLE
                WHO WANT TO CATCH THE TRAIN.           WHO WANT TO CATCH THE BUS.            WHO NEED TO USE THEIR CAR.

   8
Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
PREFACE
    JOBS, SCHOOLS AND                                               10 MINUTE                                               TOWNSHIPS
     ACTIVITY CENTRES                                           NEIGHBOURHOODS
 BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT SO PEOPLE                         BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT SO PEOPLE                         BENDIGO’S TOWNSHIPS SHOULD BE
 HAVE TRANSPORT CHOICES TO ACCESS                           CAN ACCESS THE LOCAL THINGS THEY                           BUILT SO THEY WORK FOR ALL
JOBS, SCHOOLS AND ACTIVITY CENTRES.                           NEED BY WALKING AND CYCLING.                                      RESIDENTS.

             FREIGHT                                                GOVERNANCE                                               PARTNERS

  BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT SO THAT                        BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT SO THERE IS                           BENDIGO SHOULD BE BUILT ON
    THE GOODS WE ALL NEED CAN BE                           STRONG COORDINATION BETWEEN                                COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIPS
 DELIVERED EASILY AND WITH MINIMUM                         THOSE WHO PLAN, BUILD AND USE                             BETWEEN COMMUNTY, BUSINESSES
               IMPACT.                                         TRANSPORT AND LAND.                                         AND GOVERNMENT.

                                      Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                      9
Connecting Greater Bendigo - Integrated Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) - City of Greater Bendigo
Greater Bendigo                                                                                              PART B | REGIONAL OVERVIEW
PREFACE

                                                                                                              Map 4: Links to surrounding regions

          Greater Bendigo was formed in 1994 by the amalgamation of six former local government areas. It
          now embraces an area of about 3,000 square kilometres and includes urban Bendigo, numerous
          small townships, agricultural areas and forested public land.

                                                                        Elmore

                                                                                                                                                                         Source: Department o
                                                                                                                                                                         Planning and Local In

                                            Raywood

                                                         Goornong

                   Marong
                                                                                                                  Bendigo in a regional perspective
                                                                                                             14        Regional Growth Plan LODDON MALLEE SOUTH

                                                                    Axedale

                                                                                                                                                                  i
                                                                                                                    City of Greater Bendigo:
                                                                                         Heathcote                  Total population: 110,579 (2015)
                                                                                                                    Weekly median household income: $991
                                                                                            Built up areas          Average age: 38
                                                                                            Public land             Main mode of transport: private vehicle
                                                            Redesdale
               0                    12.00
                                                                                            Main roads              Public transport options: bus, taxi, limited train
                       kilometres

                                                                                            Railway                 Percentage walking and cycling to work: 5.4 % 1
          City of Greater Bendigo

    10
Contents
 Preface                                                      4

 The story                                                   13
The growth of Bendigo                                         14
The future growth of urban Bendigo		                          15
What is the ITLUS?		                                          16
Why was the ITLUS developed?                                  18
How was the ITLUS developed?			                               19
The challenges - where we are now                             21
Addressing the challenges
         - why not business as usual?                         26
         - why the ITLUS approach will work		                 28
How much will it cost and can we afford it?                   30
How we will measure success                                   32
Targets		                                                     33

 Delivering the ITLUS 35
Connecting Greater Bendigo                                    36
Healthy Greater Bendigo                                       42
Moving Greater Bendigo                                        50
Engaging Greater Bendigo                                      58
Inspiring Greater Bendigo                                     62

 Implementation plan and resources                           67                         Look out for...
New actions to implement the ITLUS                           68
References and links
Want to read more?
                                                              83
                                                              84
                                                                                                  Internet links
                                                                                                                        i      Information boxes   References to relevant documents

                                                Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                          11
12
The story

                                                                                                                                              THE STORY
                                            The development of the ITLUS is a remarkable     and making much better use of our public
                                            journey for an Australian regional city. It      transport facilities and services. Importantly
                                            is the story of a community who rejected         ITLUS recognises that these changes build
                                            ‘a big new road’ as the fix for an emerging      on momentum in the community and a
                                            problem. Council was initially concerned that    shared desire for change. Reflecting Bendigo’s
                                            the community reaction was largely just by       capacity to work together to address issues, a
                                            those who would be directly impacted, but an     call for partners to help implement aspects of
                                            extensive community engagement program           ITLUS has produced a remarkable response.
                                            confirmed that there was a real appetite for
                                                                                             Organisations representing thousands of
                                            thinking differently, for innovation and for
                                                                                             people through employees, students and
                                            capturing ideas that have worked in other
                                                                                             members have come on board and said they
                                            places. The ITLUS grew from a set of ideas and
                                                                                             will work with Council to help implement
                                            actions to progressively change how we move
                                                                                             aspects of ITLUS. The biggest response has
                                            around the city and design and build Greater
                                                                                             been to a Bendigo innovation; what the
                                            Bendigo.
                                                                                             ITLUS calls ‘1 in 5’, that is that one day in
                                            The ITLUS seeks to understand how Bendigo        five we change our commute to school or
                                            functions, how we can manage growth and          work to an active healthy mode – walking,
                                            development so we all benefit and how we         cycling or catching public transport. It’s
                                            can better use the resources and capacity        a great way for each and every person in
                                            we have. In one sense the ITLUS aspires to       Bendigo to demonstrate that they are part of
                                            and charts some new and exciting directions      the implementation of the Strategy and are
                                            and the future for Bendigo, but it does this     working together to make Bendigo Australia’s
                                            by valuing what we have, capitalising on an      most liveable regional city.
                                            emerging concern about health, building on
                                            community enthusiasm for cycling and walking

Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                                   13
The growth of Bendigo
            The historical development of urban land use       at Epsom, Huntly and Marong and numerous          access locations by public transport, bicycle    The urban form grew on the assumption
            in Bendigo has generally followed transport.       other stopping places across Bendigo and          or walking. A prime example of this was the      that not only did ‘everyone’ have a car, but
            But this wasn’t always the case. The original      surrounds. Bendigo established a tramway          establishment in the mid-1970s of what was to    also that this was the ‘best’ solution for ‘all’
THE STORY

            settlement of Bendigo followed the creeks and      system at the turn of the twentieth century.      become a campus of La Trobe University – on      mobility. The consequence was that the city
            gullies – where the alluvial gold was found.       It was built to service the various settlements   the urban edge – well away from its origins      sprawled to a degree never imagined. The total
            This pattern of settlement spawned the early       but it also created another set of spines that    in the city centre. Free standing shopping       footprint of the urban area for the number of
            tracks which eventually became roads. The          houses, businesses and employment related         centres such as the original Marong Village      people housed produced a low density city
            tracks paralleled the creek lines such as the      to. The development of a bus network also         (now Lansell Square) south of Kangaroo Flat,     that worked for many people. The radial roads
            Bendigo Creek and connected between the            followed many of these early routes but also      which was established in the early 1980s         leading away from the city centre became the
            gullies as in the route between Bendigo and        started to serve locations not accessible by      and the development of Strathfieldsaye and       new spines and then the areas inbetween this
            Eaglehawk. Shortly after the initial settlement    other public transport.                           Maiden Gully as commuter suburbs from            framework started to fill in with more housing.
            and survey and as housing and businesses                                                             the late 1970s, were further evidence of this    Many residential areas only became practical
                                                               The clustering of settlement around these
            grew, settlement clung to this early skeleton of                                                     pattern. The urban area was reshaped by most     as places to live if you had a car. Parents drove
                                                               early transport nodes and corridors was largely
            roads and tracks. With the coming of Bendigo’s                                                       households having convenient access to most      children to school, people drove to work in the
                                                               swept away by the rise of the family owned
            rail network from the 1860s the pattern                                                              things they needed by a car. Public transport,   city centre and needed car parks to store their
                                                               motor car and later with greater affluence
            of settlement along transport was further                                                            particularly buses, was largely for concession   car for the day, shopping had to be done by
                                                               by two car households. Where people could
            reinforced with stations at places like Golden                                                       card holders.                                    car.
                                                               live and work and go to education was no
            Square, Kangaroo Flat and Eaglehawk. The
                                                               longer primarily related to whether they could
            rapid development of rail also saw stations

            Bendigo 1857                                       Bendigo 1916                                      Bendigo 1982                                     Bendigo 2015

 14
The future growth of urban Bendigo
The outcome of a sprawling pattern is that                                                                                                                                         The proposed future growth of urban Bendigo
urban Bendigo in 2015 stretches about 25                                                                                                                                           reinforces the core elements of:
kilometres from north (Huntly) to south                                                                                                                                            • a strong city centre

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    THE STORY
(Big Hill) and a similar distance from east
                                                                                                                                                                                   • a network of activity centres with an
(Strathfieldsaye) to west (Marong). Even in
                                                                                                                                                                                     increasing emphasis on development
relatively light traffic, a trip from one side of the                                                                                                   Huntly                       around existing and planned railway stations
urban area to the other takes about 30 minutes
by car. The public land – forest that virtually                                                                                                                                    • radial transit corridors
encircles the urban area, now substantially                                                                                                                                        • specialised employment centres, hospitals,
shapes the linear form of Bendigo. In many                                                                                                                                           university, airport and Marong business park
places urban development is hard up against                                                                                                                                        • planned infill within the Urban Growth
dense vegetation. This pattern is part of the                                                                                                       Epsom
                                                                                                                                                                                     Boundary
reason that new settlement areas have leap
frogged the forest. While the ‘city in the forest’                                                                        Eaglehawk
is a highly valued feature and part of the
unique character of Bendigo, it too is shaping                        Marong                                                     Showgrounds
                                                                                                                                                     Airport
Bendigo’s urban pattern.
                                                                                       Maiden Gully
The ITLUS provides the platform for the
continued growth of urban Bendigo but in a                                                                                     City
                                                                                                                              Centre
way that much better relates transport and
land use and builds on the City’s strengths.                                                                                                   Strathdale
                                                                                                          Golden Square

                                                                                                       Kangaroo Flat

                                                                                                                                                                 Strathfieldsaye
                                                                                                      Lansell Square

                                                                                                                             Main transit corridors
                                                                                                                             Rail corridors
   The state government’s Transport                                                                                          Activity centres
   Integration Act 2010 mandated the vision
                                                                                                                             Specialised employment centres
   statement: ‘The Parliament recognises the                      0                    4

   aspirations of Victorians for an integrated
                                                                          Kilometres
                                                                                                                             Existing and proposed railway stations
   and sustainable transport system that                                                                                     Development opportunities
   contributes to an inclusive, prosperous and                                                                               Urban Growth Boundary
   environmentally responsible State.’
                                                        Schematic concept for the future growth of urban Bendigo

                                                                 Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                                                        15
What is the ITLUS?
            The City of Greater Bendigo’s Integrated             Strategic framework
            Transport and Land Use Strategy (ITLUS) is a
                                                                 The ITLUS is a stand-alone document, but it
            major new strategic approach to meeting the
THE STORY

                                                                 is also part of a suite of land use planning and
            future transport, development and housing
                                                                 development strategies that are shaping the
            needs of Greater Bendigo – one of Victoria’s
                                                                 urban form and settlement pattern of Greater
            fastest-growing regional cities.
                                                                 Bendigo. The Greater Bendigo Residential
            Underpinned by strong partnerships with              Strategy, Housing Strategy, and Commercial
            businesses, government and community                 Land and Activity Centres Strategy each align
            organisations, the ITLUS is Council’s principal      with the ITLUS.
            strategy for managing growth and change.
            The strategy will guide where urban growth
            takes place. It will be the plan for the type and
            level of transport infrastructure and services to
            be provided now and into the future. It’s a tool
            that will be pivotal in achieving Council’s vision
            of Greater Bendigo working together to be
            Australia’s most liveable regional city.

            Key concepts
            The ITLUS sets the framework and direction
            for:
            • an integrated approach to transport and
              land use planning
            • reducing the reliance of many of our
              households on cars
            • making the best possible use of the available
              infrastructure, including road space, to meet
              our traffic demands
            • being open to exploring opportunities to do
              things differently

 16
INTEGRATED OUTCOMES
                            OF GREATER BENDIGO’S MAJOR STRATEGIES

                                                                                                                                                   THE STORY
                                                  Working together to be
                     AUSTRALIA’S MOST LIVEABLE REGIONAL CITY

   HEALTH               LEADERSHIP                               ECONOMY                             ENVIRONMENT                SOCIETY
A healthy and safe       Transparent,                       A sustained and                           Celebrated and         An equitable and
 community with          collaborative                   diverse economy that                         protected built       tolerant city where
    improved            governance and                    fosters innovation,                       heritage and natural     the benets and
    wellbeing         effective community                   learning, jobs and                        environment and         opportunities are
                         engagement                           productivity                            effective use of      accessible and better
                                                                                                         resources                shared

                               Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                         17
Why was the ITLUS developed?
            In 2011, Bendigo reached a fork in the road.
            The city was flourishing: its population was
            swelling as people continued to move to one
THE STORY

            of Victoria’s most dynamic regional centres;
            former rural villages on the urban fringes had
            become burgeoning new suburbs. Traffic levels
            were steadily increasing. In response to the
            mounting concern that some roads would
            ultimately reach capacity at peak times, the
            City of Greater Bendigo together with VicRoads
            developed the Draft 2011 Bendigo Road
            Transport Strategy. Based on traffic analysis
            and modelling, it proposed extensive and
            expensive works to increase road capacity in
            order to tackle peak-hour congestion, reduce
            delays and improve safety.
            The Bendigo community has
            realised there is a better way
            to accommodate and transport
            our growing population without
            destroying what we love about
            Bendigo.
            But the Bendigo community rejected the
            concept of more and wider roads. Through a       Bendigo Cycling City, photograph courtesy of the Bendigo Advertiser, July 28, 2015

                                                                                                                                                              i
            comprehensive campaign, which highlighted
            their affection for Bendigo’s country-town       motor vehicles consuming a large part of
            feel, the view was that simply increasing road   people’s incomes. The city’s urban form
            capacity was a short-sighted response to         influences the way we get around – which             Tapping into community attitudes
            growing traffic volumes.                         in turn affects our wellbeing, our household         More than 90% of people at the 2012             of primary school-aged children are usually
            The issue was recognised as being broader        budget and the wider economic and natural            community transport discussions believed        driven to school, yet only 7% said they would
            than simply getting more people from A to        environments.                                        Greater Bendigo should set a vision for a       like to be driven. Most said they would like
            B. Like cities and towns all over the world,     The ITLUS was born out of the community’s            more sustainable transport system and 70%       to ride their bikes or walk with their friends;
            Bendigo faces numerous pressures including       recognition that realistic and viable alternatives   thought Greater Bendigo should be a more        scooters and skates were also popular.
            managing population growth, lifestyle-related    are possible, but also that a concerted and          compact city with infill development. 75%
            health issues, climate change impacts and        cooperative approach is needed.

  18
How was the ITLUS developed?
The ITLUS is as much about the process used                                  development laid the foundations for the                                                                              The ITLUS engagement process involved                 representatives; youth and education sector
to develop it, as it is about what it aims to                                partnerships and integrated decision making                                                                           thousands of people expressing their views            representatives; state government officials
achieve for Greater Bendigo. The Strategy                                    that the ITLUS delivery is based on.                                                                                  and doing their part in various ways – from           and local Councillors; as well as specialist

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                THE STORY
                                                                                                                                                                                                   filling out surveys to taking part in a ‘story        groups and organisations. The ITLUS Steering
                                                                             A collaborative and transparent process                                                                               telling campaign’ that featured in the                Committee, Reference and Technical
                                                                             From its inception, the ITLUS was centred                                                                             local newspaper; attending public forums,             Working Groups Members contributed local
                                                                             around:                                                                                                               information sessions, listening posts and             knowledge, professional expertise and
      The ITLUS was developed in stages. Visit
                                                                             • gaining a clear understanding of the local                                                                          workshops; to writing-in submissions;                 informed the strategic direction of the ITLUS.
      the City’s website to see how the ITLUS
      has evolved through engagement with                                      needs and aspirations;                                                                                              having their say by entering a children’s art         The Membership expanded as the project
      the community. Access all the relevant                                                                                                                                                       competition; or communicating via social              evolved. Many of the Member organisations
                                                                             • building community trust and encouraging                                                                            media.                                                have officially agreed to partner with the City
      reports that provide in depth analysis                                   involvement by making the process highly
      of research undertaken to deliver the                                                                                                                                                                                                              of Greater Bendigo and are working towards
                                                                               transparent and well publicised;                                                                                    The ITLUS needed to address complex land
      Strategy. View recordings of ITLUS events,                                                                                                                                                                                                         delivering the ITLUS objectives (refer page 59
                                                                                                                                                                                                   use and transport issues and consider a
      watch presentations from renowned                                      • developing a deeper understanding of the                                                                                                                                  for details).
                                                                                                                                                                                                   wide spectrum of competing needs, views,
      speakers and many others who have                                        forces shaping Greater Bendigo’s future; and
                                                                                                                                                                                                   demands and expectations. Its development             Putting knowledge into action
      contributed to the ITLUS development                                   • crucially gaining the support of key                                                                                was overseen by a broad ranging group
      process. 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The ITLUS development took time but it
                                                                               stakeholders and the broader community                                                                              of stakeholders including: local residents,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         did not delay action. In fact, as the process
                                                                                                                                                                                                   business, transport and development sector

                          Stage 1 Project inception                              Stage 2 Identifying the vision:                                                                                Stage 3 Applying the vision:                     Stage 4 Dening the strategy:
                                                                                 What should our city look and                                                                                  What do we need to do now and in                 How do we deliver?
                                                                                 feel like in the future?                                                                                       the future to achieve our vision?

                                                                                                                                                                                  Scenarios

                                                                                                                                                                                       1                                      2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 CO N NECT I NG GR E AT ER BE NDI GO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 INTRODUCTION
 Bendigo
 Bendigo Road                                       GreaterBendigo
                                                    Greater  Bendigo
                                                IntegratedTransport
                                               Integrated   Transport
                                                     ResearchPaper
                                                                Paper
 Transport Strategy
 Transport                                          Research

                                                                                                                                                                                        More                                 More                       Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               C O M PAC T
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               BENDIGO
                                                             Preparedfor
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                BENDIGO
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                                                                                                                                                            in association with
                                                                                                                                                            Hello City

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               H E A LT H Y
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                                                                                                                                                            UrbanTrans
                                                                                                                                                            Live ecoLogical

                                                                                                                                                                                       3                                      4
                                                                                                                                                            SJB Planning and
                                                                                                                                                            Dr Mark Bachels
                                                                                                                                                                     Bachels

                                                                                   Stage22--Identifying
                                                                                  Stage      Identifying the
                                                                                                          theVision
                                                                                                             Vision

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               BENDIGO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               MOVING
                                                                                   Consultant’sreport
                                                                                  Consultant’s  reporttotoassist
                                                                                                           assistwith
                                                                                                                 withthe
                                                                                                                      thedevelopment
                                                                                                                          developmentofof City
                                                                                                                                          City of
                                                                                                                                               of Greater
                                                                                                                                                  Greater
                                                                                   BendigoIntegrated
                                                                                  Bendigo  IntegratedTransport
                                                                                                        Transport&&Land
                                                                                                                     LandUse
                                                                                                                         UseStrategy
                                                                                                                              Strategy

                                                                                                                                                                                   Balanced                                  Expansive

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               INSPIRING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                BENDIGO
                                March 2011
                                March 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 END SECTION
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Stage 4 Consultant's Report   Rev.F   13 October 2014

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Bendigo ITLUS 28

                                                                                                           Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                                                                                                                         19
gained momentum, so did the collaborative
            work designed to improve the city’s transport
                                                                                                                                                                                                    i
            options and the community’s perceptions of                                                                                         Roles of government
THE STORY

            active travel. For example:                                                                                                        It is important to understand the respective             VicRoads is responsible for the arterial road
            • The City of Greater Bendigo has been liaising                                                                                    roles and responsibilities of Council and a              system (the major roads), it also approves
              with State Government and advocating                                                                                             number of government departments and                     traffic management infrastructure such as
              on behalf of the Bendigo community for                                                                                           agencies in respect to land use transport                traffic lights, speed limits and pedestrian
                                                                                                                                               infrastructure and services. Council is                  crossings. Public Transport Victoria is
              improved bus and train services under
                                                                                                                                               responsible for the maintenance and                      responsible for the planning, provision and
              the PTV’s 2014-2015 Bendigo Bus Network
                                                                                                                                               management of local roads, parking,                      timetabling of train and bus services. Local
              Review and as part of the Minister for Public
                                                                          Students from Epsom, Huntly and White Hills                          footpaths, cycling paths, playgrounds and                government’s fiscal capacity is relatively
              Transport’s Bendigo Metro Rail initiative.                                                                                       recreational reserves. Local government                  limited. Council’s knowledge of community
                                                                          Primary Schools, Mayor Cr Barry Lyons and
            • Council’s 2015-2016 Budget responded to                                                                                          controls streetscape design, street lighting,            needs and aspirations can influence the
                                                                          Leonie Francis, Vice Chair Northern District
              community calls for better walking and                                                                                           community health programs, community                     actions of other levels of government.
                                                                          Community Enterprise at the Ride2School Day
              cycling facilities and included $2.37 Million                                                                                    facilities and amenities. Importantly, Council           As such, Council’s role in advocating for
                                                                          2014. Photograph courtesy of the Bendigo
              for this purpose.                                                                                                                is responsible for managing land use and                 transport services and infrastructure
                                                                          Advertiser.                                                          development through its planning scheme.                 improvements detailed in ITLUS is
            • Throughout the Strategy development, a
                                                                                                                                               The Minister for Planning approves changes               paramount for the future of Greater Bendigo.
              number of behaviour change projects were
                                                                                                                                               to Council’s planning scheme.
              undertaken involving local schools and
              businesses.

                                                                                                                                                                                   2014-2015:              2015:
                           1993: Bendigo                                                                                                                                             Bendigo             Connecting
                           2020 Strategy                                                                                                                         2014: Loddon-     Commercial             Greater
                       - Land Use Strategy       2004: Regional Rail      2005:           2008: Bendigo             2010:             2013: Victoria             Mallee South       Land and              Bendigo
                          -Transportation        Project - First stage Bendigo CBD         CBD Parking         Transportation         - The Freight             Regional Growth   Activity Centre          ITULS
                              Strategy             implementation          Plan             Strategy           Integration Act            State                      Plan            Strategy             adopted

                1971 1993 2000                        2004              2005                2008                     2010                2013                      2014                                   2015

               1971: Bendigo        2000-2014: 2004: Bendigo             2005-2006:             2009-2014: Major              2011: Draft              2014: Plan 2014: Greater    2015: Loddon    2015:
            Transport Study 20      Progressive      Residential       Greater Bendigo            investment by             Bendigo Road               Melbourne    Bendigo        Mallee South Bendigo
              year framework      changes to the Development             Cycling and             PTV in Regional          Transport Strategy                       Residential       Regional   Tram Study             Connecting Greater Bendigo:
             for Transport and    Bendigo Urban       Strategy         Walking Strategy         Rail, stations and                                                  Transport        Transport                         Integrated Transport and Land
                  Land Use        Bus Network by       - UGB                                    service frequency                                                    Strategy         Strategy                         Use Strategy
                                       PTV       - Transit corridors                                                                                                                commences

            Strategic context

 20
The challenges - where we are now
In 2015, around 85% of Greater Bendigo            Housing                                              There is therefore a growing need for a range
residents live within the city’s defined urban    Housing development in Greater Bendigo               of housing types that match the changing
growth boundary. Bendigo itself is celebrated     continues to be dominated by the industry’s          demographics and different life stages.

                                                                                                                                                                                                               THE STORY
as a nationally unique ‘city in the forest’,      delivery of conventional land and house
surrounded by numerous rural centres and          packages to suit growing families. However,          Activity centres
smaller settlements, each with their own          the proportion of smaller households is              Bendigo’s main north-south ‘spine’ – from
cherished role and character.                     growing (55% of all households now comprise          Huntly in the north to Kangaroo Flat in the
However, Greater Bendigo faces 21st-century       only one or two persons) – the result of an          south, incorporates major activity centres,
challenges – shared by cities around the world    ageing population and changing household             including: the city centre, most of the urban
– that stem largely from the 20th-century rise    types. The trend is towards smaller families         area’s retail floor space, 16 schools, our two
of fossil-fuelled transport and sprawling urban   and single or couple households without              main hospitals and most of our employment.
development.                                      dependents.                                          About 35% of urban Bendigo’s population
                                                                                                       lives along that spine. Transport along this
                                                                                                       corridor includes the full suite of travel options:
                                                                                                       road, rail, bus and off-road walking-cycling
                                                                                                       paths. Some parts in the north of this corridor
                                                                                                       along the Bendigo Creek have potential for
                                                                                                       developing urban agriculture.
                                                                                                       The city centre and immediate surrounds
                                                                                                       remain a key destination (rather than primarily       Even though the urban bus service carries 1.4
                                                                                                       supporting through-traffic). It accommodates          million passengers a year it is underutilised
                                                                                                       many of the city’s major employers and 47% of         and the service frequency is poor. Nearly 90%
                                                                                                       all Greater Bendigo’s jobs. This concentration        of all bus passengers hold concession cards.
                                                                                                       will grow further with the expansion of the
                                                                                                                                                             Forty-six taxis serve Bendigo, make 600,000
                                                                                                       Bendigo Hospital. Freight, manufacturing,
                                                                                                                                                             trips and carry just over a million passengers
                                                                                                       agricultural product processing, La Trobe
                                                                                                                                                             per year.
                                                                                                       University and major retail centres represent
                                                                                                       employment concentrations outside the city            Bendigo’s inter and intra city rail service
                                                                                                       centre.                                               continues to undergo a major revival. Services
                                                                                                                                                             between Bendigo and Melbourne are frequent.
                                                                                                       Transport                                             Prompted by an earlier draft of the ITLUS the
                                                                                                       Bendigo is serviced by an extensive urban bus         state government is planning for Bendigo
                                                                                                                                                             Metro Rail. In the past decade, the Echuca line
                                                                                                       network, a taxi fleet and railway stations at
                                                                                                                                                             has been reopened adding to the Swan Hill
                                                                                                       Bendigo, Eaglehawk, Epsom and Kangaroo
                                                                                                                                                             line as a regional connection, Kangaroo Flat
                                                                                                       Flat.
                                                                                                                                                             and Eaglehawk stations have been revived and
                                                                                                                                                             a new station has been built at Epsom.

                                                           Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                                         21
The Victorian government has committed              from Castlemaine) now sees approximately 10%     regional plan. Achieving this sort of population   traffic congestion will continue to worsen.
            $2million towards the Bendigo Metro Rail            more passengers arrive at the Bendigo station    growth would require a major government            A greater proportion of trips, particularly
            project which has provided the vital support        than leave by train in the mornings.             policy intervention. Major investment in public    commuting to work and school need to
THE STORY

            the region needs to make progress in achieving      However, private vehicles remain the dominant    transport infrastructure and services would        change to public transport, walking or
            the public transport aspiration for Bendigo.        transport mode – currently accounting for up     be a substantial stimulus to population and        cycling.
            While limited train services currently exist        to 85% of weekday commuter trips. Traffic is     economic growth.
            between the various Bendigo stations                becoming congested during peak times on                                                             Cost of car dependency
                                                                                                                 While the numbers choosing to live in Greater
            (except between Bendigo and Kangaroo                certain routes and around key locations such     Bendigo may reflect the city’s reputation          There is financial stress in households ‘forced’
            Flat), residents are starting to use the existing   as schools.                                      for liveability, they also pose considerable       to purchase a second car when residential
            main services (which are primarily geared for                                                        challenges.                                        areas are geographically separated from
                                                                Population growth
            connections with Melbourne) for some intra-                                                                                                             employment, schools and services and
            city travel.                                        Greater Bendigo has sustained one of regional    Significantly, over the next 25 years Bendigo
                                                                                                                                                                    no viable alternatives to car travel exist.
                                                                Victoria’s highest rates of population growth.   will need to build around 1,000 new dwellings
            Bendigo has also become a destination in its own                                                                                                        Vulnerability to ‘peak oil’, with rising petrol
                                                                If, as expected, this growth rate continues,     per year (an additional 25,000 by 2040).
            right, with regional services including a network                                                                                                       prices, is exacerbated by
                                                                our population will reach about 180,000                                                             entrenched car dependency
            of regional buses linking to Bendigo railway                                                         Health and wellbeing
                                                                people by 2050. The aspiration is to grow                                                           and a disproportionate level
            station which has become a regional capital         the population faster and aim for 200,000        A strong correlation exists between low-
            transport hub. A huge increase in Melbourne-line                                                                                                        of household income that
                                                                people by 2040 – this is now adopted Council     density sprawling suburbs, low levels of
            services and commuters to Bendigo (particularly                                                                                                         must be allocated to owning
                                                                policy and is the state government’s adopted     physical activity and poor health outcomes.
                                                                                                                                                                    and operating a car, or for
                                                                                                                 Fostering healthy and active transport
                                                                                                                                                                    many households, two
                                                                                                                 options can markedly improve community
                                                                                                                 health and wellbeing.                              cars.

                                                                                                                 Bendigo currently has one of Victoria’s highest    Equity of access
                                                                                                                 rates of car ownership, and one of Victoria’s      Many in the community do
                                                                                                                 highest proportion of obese and overweight         not drive private cars:
                                                                                                                 residents (56.9%) – a level of poor health that    young people, elderly
                                                                                                                 is estimated to cost the Bendigo community         people, those unable
                                                                                                                 $65m annually.                                     to drive or without the
                                                                                                                 Many neighbourhoods, especially new                financial means to run a
                                                                                                                 areas, provide few destinations to walk            car. They are disadvantaged
                                                                                                                 to. Footpaths and cycle paths are often            by developments which
                                                                                                                 inadequate and poorly connected. Many              create a reliance on private
                                                                                                                 relatively short trips are taken by car.           vehicles. Providing equity and
                                                                                                                                                                    inclusion means ensuring everyone can access
                                                                                                                 Increased traffic congestion                       transport that is relevant to their needs and
                                                                                                                 Unless we change the way we plan, design           circumstances.
            People trying to cross Pall Mall                                                                     and build our city as our population swells,

 22
Extreme weather                                        The future liveability of Greater
With climate change the likelihood of events           Bendigo depends on how we approach
                                                       these challenges. What worked in the

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       THE STORY
such as fires, floods and heat waves increases.
Communities must be proactive about                    19th and 20th centuries will not serve
anticipating and planning for future conditions        us well today and tomorrow – and may
to reduce impacts – greater resilience through         not even be possible.
real travel options is needed.

    Smart moves for smart places
    By Dr Rodney Tolley who has been                   Moreover, walking offers many social and
    nominated in the top 50 of the World’s             community benefits. By providing eyes on
    sustainable transport ‘heroes’.                    the street, it creates vibrant places which
     Conference Director of Walk21and                  are socially safe. A recent study of 170
                                                       neighbourhoods shows the negative impact
     frequent visitor to Bendigo.
                                                       of walkability on neighborhood crime levels.5
     There is a strong link between urban form,        There are also many environmental benefits
      travel behaviour and environmental and           to the city and neighbourhood as walking is
        community health outcomes. In low              emission-free, noise-free and burns kilojoules
        density areas, distances are too great to      rather than fossil fuels.
        walk or cycle and public transport is less
                                                       There is now also a widespread recognition

                                                                                                                                                                  i
       viable, whereas in connected communities,
      destinations are close together, active travel   that there are powerful economic advantages
          is supported and walking becomes the         to improving walkability. Retail performance
           preferred means of movement.                is enhanced where centres are attractive and
                                                       welcoming to people on foot. A recent meta-              Greater Bendigo’s health and wellbeing: a grim warning
            Walking is not only the most               analysis of 70 studies shows that walkable
           fundamental form of mobility but it                                                                  High rates of obesity are strongly related to         Life expectancy is slightly lower than the
                                                       retail will continue to grow over the next               low levels of physical activity. Currently only       state average, while the rate of heart disease
         is also an effective way to combat high       several decades.6 Space for people is more
     population levels of physical inactivity,                                                                  23.1% of adults and 38.5% children under              (which is preventable and a leading cause
                                                       important in such centres than is space for              18 years in Greater Bendigo undertake daily           of death in Bendigo) is significantly above
    which is a major driver of the overweight          vehicles and parking. The mantra is: “a good
    and obesity epidemic. Promoting walking                                                                     exercise of at least 30 minutes.8                     average.
                                                       walking environment is a good economic
    is recognised as a promising means of              environment”.7                                           Being overweight or obese is a contributing           The design of our City overall and in each
    increasing population levels of physical                                                                    factor to a range of preventable diseases.            decision about new uses and developments
    activity.3 It also provides excellent value for    These findings are highly applicable in a
                                                                                                                In Greater Bendigo 60% of adults are                  can strongly influence how, when, how much
    money: a global review of 16 active travel         regional city like Bendigo.
                                                                                                                overweight or obese, a figure which                   and whether we use active healthy travel
    projects in 2014 showed a mean benefit cost                                                                                                                       modes.
                                                                                                                significantly exceeds the Victorian average.9
    ratio of 6.28:1.4

                                                                 Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                                           23
The development of regional rail passenger services
                                                                                                                                                                         SWAN HILL
            Bendigo was linked with Melbourne with the         passenger services, Kangaroo Flat station was        1905
                                                                                                                                                                        LAKE BOGA
THE STORY

            opening of the railway line in 1862. Railways      reopened and a new station built at Epsom.                                                                  TRESCO
                                                                                                                                                                      MYSTIC PARK                                                   DENILIQUIN
            played a vital role in the development of          The Regional Rail initiatives post 2000 have                                                           LAKE CHARM
                                                                                                                                                                           FAIRLEY

            Bendigo and the city quickly became a major        given Bendigo a greatly increased number of                                                                 KERANG
                                                                                                                                                                    SOUTH KERANG
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ECHUCA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         STRATHALLAN
            passenger and goods terminal with lines            services to Melbourne and the towns along                                                                 TAGOWEL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ROCHESTER
                                                                                                                                                                         MACORNA
            radiating in all directions. The Bendigo Railway   the main line. The number of services inside                                                               MINCHA                                 ELMORE

            Workshops further consolidated the city’s role.    the Bendigo urban area will be increased with                                                          PYRAMID HILL
                                                                                                                                                                          MOLOGA
                                                                                                                                                                                                              AVONMORE

            By early in the twentieth century rail was king    the Bendigo Metro Rail development. Bendigo                                                                 PRAIRIE
                                                                                                                                                                                                          GOORNONG

            and a network of stations served the Bendigo       Railway Station has progressively become a                                                                  DINGEE                  WELLSFORD

                                                                                                                                                                                                BAGSHOT
            urban area and surrounds. The demise of rail       major hub for passenger services.                                                                         RAYWOOD

                                                                                                                               BR
                                                                                                                        IN

                                                                                                                                ID
                                                                                                                                                                        SEBASTIAN

                                                                                                                                              LE
                                                                                                                                                                                         HUNTLY

                                                                                                                         G
            was brought on by the growth of the car and

                                                                                                                                  G

                                                                                                                                                        M
                                                                                                                          LE

                                                                                                                                               IC
                                                                                                                                   EW

                                                                                                                                                           AR
                                                               The sequence of maps show the growth and

                                                                                                                                          D

                                                                                                                                                   H
                                                                                                                             W

                                                                                                                                     AT

                                                                                                                                          ER

                                                                                                                                                   AR

                                                                                                                                                            O
                                                                                                                              O

                                                                                                                                                             N
                                                                                                                                     ER
                                                                                                                               O

                                                                                                                                              BY

                                                                                                                                                       D
            rail services and stations were withdrawn. At

                                                                                                                                                                G
                                                                                                                                D

                                                                                                                                                       T
                                                                                                                                                                                         EPSOM
                                                               development of the passenger rail services,         WEDDERBURN /
                                                                                                                                                                      EAGLEHAWK
            its lowest point in the provision of passenger                                                         KULWIN /
                                                               their decline and their recent revival.             MANANGATANG

            rail Bendigo was only linked to Melbourne                                                                                                                                 BENDIGO
                                                                                                                                                                                        LONGLEA
            and Swan Hill. However, rail has turned the                                                                                                               GOLDEN SQUARE         AXEDALE

            corner, the Echuca line has been reopened for                                                                                                           KANGAROO FLAT

                                                                                                                                                                      RAVENSWOOD                  KNOWSLEY

                                                                                                                                                                         HARCOURT
                                                                                                                                                                                                  DERRINAL
                                                                                                                                                                      CASTLEMAINE
                                                                                                                                                                                                  HEATHCOTE
                                                                                                                                                                         CHEWTON
                                                                                                                                                                                                  SOUTH HEATHCOTE
                                                                                                                                                                      ELPHINSTONE

                                                                                                                                                                         TARADALE

                                                                                                                                                                       MALMSBURY                  TOOBOORAC

                                                                                                                                                                     REDESDALE Jn                 PYALONG

                                                                                                                                                                          KYNETON
                                                                                                                                                                                                  HIGH CAMP
                                                                                 MON -   FRI    SAT    SUN                                                             CARLSRUHE
                                                                                                                                                                                                  MORANDING
                                                                                 THU                                                                                     WOODEND
                                                                                                                                                                                                  WILLOWMAVIN

                                                                Total             448    465    220    109                                                               MACEDON
                                                                                                                                                                                                  KILMORE

                                                                Urban buses       377    386    184     77                                                               GISBORNE
                                                                                                                                                                                                  MELBOURNE
            At Bendigo Railway Station                                                                                                                              RIDDELLS CREEK
            during the morning peak:                            Regional buses    12      10      2     0                                                                                                       HISTORIC
                                                                V/Line buses      22      31      6     8
                                                                                                                                                                       CLARKFIELD
                                                                                                                                                                                                    REGIONAL PASSENGER
                     325 commuters to Bendigo                                                                                                                             SUNBURY                         RAIL NETWORK
                                                                Trains            37      38     28     24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     INTERCHANGE STATION
                     295 commuters leave Bendigo
                                                               Total buses and trains passing through,                                                                                                               OPEN STATION

                                                               starting or terminating at Bendigo Railway                                                            MELBOURNE

                                                               Station each day
                                                                                                               Historic Rail Network 1905

 24
SWAN HILL
                                    SWAN HILL
                                                                                                                            Proposed Developments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                THE STORY
                                       KERANG                                                                                                                 KERANG                             ECHUCA

                                                                                                                                                                                           ROCHESTER

                                                                                                                                                                                        ELMORE
                                  PYRAMID HILL                                                                                                           PYRAMID HILL

                                       DINGEE                                                                                                                 DINGEE

                                                                                                                                                                           EPSOM

                                  EAGLEHAWK                                                                                                              EAGLEHAWK

                                                 BENDIGO                                                                                                                BENDIGO

                                                                                                                                                      KANGAROO FLAT

                                  CASTLEMAINE                                                                                                            CASTLEMAINE

                                   MALMSBURY                                                                                                              MALMSBURY

                                      KYNETON                                                                                                                KYNETON

                                     WOODEND                                                                                                                WOODEND

                                     MACEDON                                                                                                                MACEDON

                                     GISBORNE                                                                                                               GISBORNE

                                RIDDELLS CREEK                                                                                                         RIDDELLS CREEK
                                                                       HISTORIC
                                   CLARKFIELD
                                                           REGIONAL PASSENGER                                                                             CLARKFIELD
                                                                                                                                                                                   REGIONAL PASSENGER
                                      SUNBURY                    RAIL NETWORK                                                                                SUNBURY                     RAIL NETWORK
                                                                  INTERCHANGE STATION                                                                                                     INTERCHANGE STATION

                                                                  OPEN STATION                                                                                                            OPEN STATION

                                                                                                                                                                                          BENDIGO METRO RAIL
                             SOUTHERN CROSS                                                                                                         SOUTHERN CROSS

Historic Rail Network 1995                                                                                             Current Rail Network 2015

                                                               Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                                      25
Addressing the challenges – why not business as usual?
            The traditional city planning and design                                                                                                     More roads not the answer
            response to a growing population has been                                                                                                    We know, from experience in Bendigo and
            characterised by:                                                                                                                            elsewhere, that ongoing urban expansion and
THE STORY

            • providing more housing on the city fringes                                                                                                 unrestrained investment in road capacity,
              – in Bendigo’s case over the last generation                                                                                               as the only ‘solutions’ to growth are not
              this represents about 60% of all new housing                                                                                               sustainable, effective or economically feasible.
            • widening or building new roads to cater for                                                                                                Given an increasingly competitive funding
              increasing traffic – for instance in Bendigo’s                                                                                             environment, and the fact that traffic
              case there are repeated calls for a new ring                                                                                               congestion levels on Bendigo roads are minor
              road or bypass                                                                                                                             compared with places like Melbourne, the city
            • assuming that private cars are the only                                                                                                    needs to ensure infrastructure investments are
              realistic ‘solution’ to all transport needs – in                                                                                           well targeted towards initiatives with optimal
              Bendigo’s case a lack of realistic alternatives                                                                                            whole of network outcomes and supported
              means that many households run two cars,                                                                                                   by improved land use integration. Few of the
              despite the substantial cost                                                                                                               proposed road building and reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                         works in the Bendigo 2020 Transportation
                                                                                                                                                         Study (1993) have actually been funded to
                                                                                                                                                         date.

                                                                                                                                                         Future issues
                                                                                                                                                         Allowing 25,000 additional dwellings to be built
                                                                                                                                                         in an ad hoc manner over the next 25 years
               Induced demand                                                                                                                            on the city fringes will mean that Bendigo’s
               Evidence from around the world                                                                                                            urban edge would balloon outwards, further
               demonstrates that increasing road                                                                                                         increasing car dependency. Since Bendigo’s
               capacity provides only temporary relief                                                                                                   employment is centrally concentrated,
               from traffic congestion and eventually                                                                                                    the mismatch between employment and
               worsens the problem. Ironically studies                                                                                                   residential areas would increase.
               now conclude that conventional
               approaches to relieve congestion                                                                                                          Under a ‘business as usual’ scenario:
                                                                                                                                    Completed
               attracts more vehicles to them, which                                                                                                     • traffic volumes would be likely to grow by
               actually accelerates the growth in traffic                                                                           Under Construction     up to 50% on some roads over next 20 years,
               volumes – a phenomenon known as                                                                                      Other Improvements     increasing congestion and commuting
               ‘induced demand’. The substantial                    0                 4
                                                                                                                                    Not Completed          times. The expected growth in freight
               investment in increasing traffic capacity
                                                                         Kilometres

                                                                                                                                                           movements would put further pressure on
               provides a limited and short-lived                                                                                                          the road system.
               benefit.10                                        Progress on recommendations from the Bendigo 2020 Transportation Study (1993)

 26
• Bendigo’s widely loved ‘country town’
  and ‘city in the forest’ identity would be
  threatened, as would its liveability.

                                                                                                                                         THE STORY
• providing public transport services to
  a series of new developments around
  Bendigo’s periphery would be expensive;
  without it, non-drivers and those without
  cars would be severely disadvantaged.
• accessing employment, services and
  recreation would become more expensive
  and increasingly difficult for households
  without multiple cars and the means to run
  them.
• health costs would continue to rise, more
  children would be driven to school, the rate
  of preventable diseases associated with low
  levels of physical activity such as diabetes
  and heart disease would continue to rise.      Sprawling low density residential development in Bendigo
• arable land, treasured environmental areas,
  biodiversity and habitat would be replaced
  by urban development.

                                                 Conventional residential development in Bendigo

                                                          Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)    27
Addressing the challenges – why the ITLUS approach will work
            Many cities around the world are applying the
            ITLUS-style ideas. Not only are they working,
            governments at all levels are funding them
THE STORY

                                                                                                          More foot traffic
            because they make good sense and are cost-
                                                                                                          boosts employment
            effective. Significantly, they are far easier to apply                                                                    Marked bike lanes                          SAFETY
                                                                     ECONOMIC                             and visitors 300% 11J
            in a smaller city like Bendigo.                                                                                           reduce vehicle-bike
                                                                                                   Expensive major road               collision up to 50% 11A
            With conscious planning to integrate transport                                   works to increase capacity and
            and land use, our city can be progressively                                 minimising the cost of infrastructure
            shaped to foster and support the use of public                              and utilities to new homes can be
            and active transport.                                                       avoided                                                          Safe routes to school
            Walking or cycling to work, school or using public                                                                                           decreases pedestrian
                                                                              For every $1 invested in
                                                                                                                                                         injuries 33% 11B
            transport is a practical way to incorporate daily                 cycling infrastructure, $2
            healthy activity into busy lives. Replacing car trips             was returned or saved 11I
            with active and public transport also reduces
            traffic congestion, costs far less than new roads
            and eases pressure on road infrastructure.                  Every 10 minutes of                                 THE
                                                                        commuting cuts                                                                              Living near green
            Globally, cities with a focus on active and                 community                                        BENEFITS OF                                space decreases the
                                                                                                                                                                                            11C
            public transport are increasingly seen as more              involvement by 10%
                                                                                            11H                         INTEGRATING                                 odds of stress by 30%
            liveable, more desirable and more economically                                                              TRANSPORT &
            successful than cities dominated by car-based                                                                 LAND USE                              A 20-minute walk
                                                                               Household travel
            transport.                                                                                                                                          proves as effective
                                                                               cost can be
            Since many of the foundations for the ITLUS                        minimised                                                                        as medication for
            already exist, in terms of infrastructure, urban                                                                                                    treating depression 11D
            form and community support, Greater Bendigo                            Housing choice and
            is ideally positioned to achieve ground-breaking                       accesibility to jobs                                                    Stair use can result in
            outcomes.                                                              and services can be                                                     a 12-20% reduction in          HEALTH
                                                                                                                   Investment in footpaths
                                                                     SOCIAL        improved                                                                 all-cause mortality

                         i
                                                                                                                   returns health and air quality
                                                                                                                                                                      11E
                                                                                                                   benets valued at nearly
                                                                                                                   twice the contruction cost 11G
               We can’t solve                                                                     By integrating transport and          Public transportation
               problems by using the                                                              land use the consumption of           produces 95% less
               same kind of thinking                                                                  non-urban land can be             carbon monoxide
               we used when we                                                                              limited                     than cars 11F
               created them.
               – Albert Einstein
                                                                                                                                         ENVIROMENTAL

 28
i
Mode shifting: small change

                                                                                                                                                                         THE STORY
= big difference                                       SOCIAL
Traffic in some Bendigo locations is                                                                     Neighbourhood
growing by 3–4% per year. To limit                                                                       aesthetics
traffic congestion to current levels, we                                           Parental
need to attract 3–4% of peak-period                                                teaching
car trips each year to alternative
modes. This generally equates to one
in five commutes each week to major                                                                                           Easy to access
trip generators such as schools and
                                                                 Proximity to                                                 public tranport           INFRASTRUCTURE
work. Is this possible? Consider this:                           parks
Fact: 47% of Greater Bendigo jobs are
located in and around the city centre
– including three of the four main
employers, which will be increasingly
well-served by better public transport
and cycling and walking infrastructure
                                                                                                    POSTIVE                            Quality
                                                                                                   EFFECTS OF                          pedestrian
Fact: 89% of employees from the                            Higher
                                                                                                                                       infrastructure
central three big employers currently                      density                                WALKABILITY
drive to work.
Fact: traffic congestion is often
associated with delivering children
to school; it is estimated that about
one third of the traffic in the peak                             Mixed use
morning period is created by children                                                                                            Traffic safety
being driven to school – reflect on the
road conditions when schools are on
vacation.                                                                          Closely
Fact: 58% of all households in urban                                               connected
Bendigo are within 1 km of a primary                                                                     Street-connecting
school; 89% are within 3km, 71% are        BUILT FORM
                                                                                                         built environments
within 3km of a secondary school.

                                              Connecting Greater Bendigo: Integrated Transport & Land Use Strategy (ITLUS)                                                29
How much will it cost and can we afford it?
                                                                                                  The ITLUS is about capitalising on what we
                                                                                                  have and spending our tax dollars and rates
                Business as                                             The ITLUS                 smarter. In fact, implementing the ITLUS will
THE STORY

                usual approach                                          approach                  actually cost far less in dollar terms than a
                                                                                                  ‘business as usual’ approach would.
                                                                                                  The strategy is designed as a package.
                                                                                                  Critically, the goals of the ITLUS will not be
                                                                                                  achieved by cherry picking initiatives for
                                                                                                  implementation. The evidence from cities that
                                                                                                  have taken a similar approach is that success
                                                                                                  is a result of a coordinated and integrated
                                                                                                  program of actions rather than one or two
                                                                                                  expensive initiatives.

                                                                                                  Reaping the benefits
                                                                                                  Not only will the ITLUS cost less in dollar terms,
                                                                                                  it will also deliver significant productivity and
                                                                                                  liveability dividends by:
                                            Choice                                                • limiting the consumption of non-urban land
                                                                                                  • avoiding or deferring expensive major road
                                                                                                     works to increase capacity
                                                                                                  • minimising the cost of infrastructure and
                                                                                                     utilities to new homes
                                                            More car parking does not mean
                                                                                                  • minimising household travel costs – a bonus
                                                            doing better business 12
                                                                                                     in our domestic budgets
                                 Where we                   Research shows that an oversupply
                                                                                                  • enhancing labour force productivity by
                                 are now                    of car parking more often than
                                                                                                     improving accessibility, reducing congestion
                                                            not reduces retail performance
                                                                                                     and having a healthier workforce
                                                            – less people walking past shops
                                                            means less chance of ‘incidental/     • improving housing choice and accessibility
                                                            impulse’ purchasing. The shopping        to jobs and services
                                                            centres know it, and so they          • improving resident health, particularly for
                                                            locate car parking in one spot, get      children
                                                            the shopper out of their car and
                                                            walking past all the shops in their
                                                            centre.
                                       The choice we face

 30
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