CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
POLICIES IN MALAYSIA

ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
All photographs are courtesy of UNICEF

    Photo credits:
    cover    © UNICEF Malaysia/2011/Nadchatram
    page 7 © UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Anuar
    page 11 © UNICEF Malaysia/2011/Nadchatram
    page 14 © UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Hemawathy
    page 17 © UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Hemawathy
    page 22 © UNICEF Malaysia/2011/Nadchatram
    page 24 © UNICEFNYHQ2007-2778/Mohan
    page 29 © UNICEF Malaysia/2011/Nadchatram
    page 31 © UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Ilsa
    page 33 © UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Hemawathy
    page 35 © UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Ilsa
    page 39 © UNICEF Malaysia/2011/Zahri
    page 43 © © Courtesy of Leanne Ali

    This publication may be freely reviewed, abstracted or translated in part or whole with the appropriate
    acknowledgement. It may not be used in conjunction with commercial purposes.

    This review of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and practices in Malaysia was commissioned
    by United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Malaysia in 2009. Arika Allen (UNICEF Consultant) provided
    technical input into the framework and content of this review. This review has been updated to incorporate
    the CSR policies and practices that have been adopted in Malaysia for the past 3 years. This review serves
    as a guidance tool for UNICEF, the government, companies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and
    the general public, and as a starting point to understand the CSR situation in Malaysia and identify areas of
    opportunities to strengthen child-friendly CSR initiatives.

2   UNICEF MALAYSIA
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

9MP       Ninth Malaysia Plan
10MP      Tenth Malaysia Plan
ACCA      Plan Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
BBPC      Best Business Practice Circular
BFHI      Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative
COP       Communication in Progress
CR        Corporate Responsibility
CRBP      Children’s Rights and Business Principles
CSR       Corporate Social Responsibility
ESG       Environmental, Social and Governance
GCLN-MY   Global Compact Network Malaysia
GLC       Government-linked Company
GLCT      Government-linked Companies Transformation Programme
GLIC      Government-linked Investment Company
GRI       Global Reporting Initiative
IIM       Malaysia Institute of Integrity
MY-NI     Malaysia National Interpretation of the RSPO Principles and Criteria
MNC       Multi-national Corporation
NEAC      National Economic Advisory Council
NEM       New Economic Model
NGO       Non-governmental Organisation
PCG       Putrajaya Committee on GLC High Performance
PLC       Public Listed Company
PMR       Penilaian Menegah Rendah (Lower Secondary Assessment)
PPP       Public-private Partnerships
P&C       RSPO Principles and Criteria
RSPO      Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil
SME       Small and Medium Enterprise
SRI       Socially Responsible Investing
SSM       Companies Commission of Malaysia (Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia)
TFM       Teach for Malaysia
UKM       University Kebangsaan Malaysia
UMW       United Motor Works
UNGC      United Nations Global Compact
UNICEF    United Nations Children’s Fund
VoC       Voice of the Children
YBM       Yayasan Bursa Malaysia
YCK       Yayasan Chow Kit

                           Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   3
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
FORWARD

    In recent years across the world, there has been      The ethical argument is clear – creating a world
    a significant rise in the awareness and practice of   fit for children is everyone’s business – its right
    Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Malaysia       in principle. The business argument is equally
    has been an avid proponent of the concept, with       compelling. Investing in child-friendly CSR has
    the Government promoting and underlining the          proven to be good for business. As such, some
    crucial role of CSR as a contributing factor to the   have referred to it as an exercise in enlightened
    country’s growth. UNICEF Malaysia is specifically     self-interest -- making it right in practice, too.
    dedicated to promoting child-friendly CSR, as a
    way of supporting both the Government’s national      This review of CSR policies and practices in Malaysia
    priorities under the Tenth Malaysia Plan and the      is one of UNICEF Malaysia’s tools for reaching out
    encouragement of private-public partnerships in       to the private sector on child-friendly CSR. We
    areas such as education and poverty alleviation for   hope that this review will help guide UNICEF, the
    children.                                             Government, the private sector, our NGO partners
                                                          and the general public on what child-friendly CSR
    Child-friendly CSR is especially relevant in an       is, what is being done in this area and what more
    upper middle income country like Malaysia with        can be done.
    a child population of approximately 9.5 million
    under the age of 18. Each of these children is a      UNICEF Malaysia will also seek to leverage our
    key stakeholder. They are the consumers of today,     existing partnerships with government bodies, non-
    customers of tomorrow and citizens of the future.     governmental organisations and the private sector
    The millions of people, who are their parents and     to cultivate further adoption of child-friendly CSR.
    families, are also consumers and employees. They      With combined and strengthened efforts, we are
    are an extended part of a key constituency for the    confident that child-friendly CSR will achieve high
    private sector.                                       priority status for the private sector in Malaysia.
                                                          UNICEF Malaysia urges you to join hands with us
    By focusing on children and supporting their          to help further children’s rights in Malaysia today!
    rights, businesses are creating a more stable and
    sustainable future, creating new and expanding
    markets for products and services, educating
    their next workforce, influencing tomorrow’s
    campaigners and consumers, and enhancing their        WIVINA BELMONTE
    brand and reputation.                                 UNICEF Representative Malaysia and
                                                          UNICEF Special Representative to Brunei
                                                          Darussalam

4   UNICEF MALAYSIA
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY                                                                                               6

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
   Objective and Methodology                                                                                    8
   Adopting a New Approach to Corporate Engagement                                                              8
   UNICEF’s Level of Corporate Engagement Across the World                                                     10

THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY LANDSCAPE IN MALAYSIA
   What is Corporate Social Responsibility?                                                                    12
   Corporate Social Responsibility in Malaysia                                                                 12
   Who influences Corporate Social Responsibility?                                                             12
   The Malaysian Government and Corporate Social Responsibility                                                14

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN PRACTICE
   Tenth Malaysia Plan                                                                                         18
   New Economic Model                                                                                          18
   Bursa Malaysia Berhad                                                                                       19
   Khazanah Nasional Bhd                                                                                       21
   Other Government-linked Companies CSR Activities                                                            22
   Companies Commission of Malaysia                                                                            23
   United Nations Global Compact                                                                               25
   Roundtable for Sustainable Paim Oil                                                                         26
   Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives by Paim Oil Companies                                           27

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INITIATIVES BY PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES
   DiGi Telecommunications Sdn. Bhd.                                                                           30
   UMW Holdings Bhd.                                                                                           31
   Sime Darby Bhd.                                                                                             32

REPORTING OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
   Value of Reporting                                                                                          36
   Reporting Requirements                                                                                      37

INCENTIVES
   Tax Incentives                                                                                              40
   Fiscal Incentives                                                                                           41
   Awards and Recognition                                                                                      41

MOVING CHILD-FRIENDLY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FORWARD
  Challenges                                                                                                   44
  What can Businesses do to move CSR forward?                                                                  44
  The Next Development Plan                                                                                    45
  Government-linked Companies                                                                                  47
  Bursa Malaysia                                                                                               47
  Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil                                                                          47

CONCLUSION                                                                                                     48

TABLE
   1 Khazanah Nasional Berhad’s Education Initiatives                                                          21
   2 Definition of Small and Medium Enterprises                                                                23
   3 Principles of the United Nations Global Compact                                                           25
   4 Schools Supported by Palm Oil Companies                                                                   27
   5 Reporting Requirements Based on Types of Companies                                                        37
   6 Malaysian PLC CSR Reporting Limitations                                                                   37
   7 Comparison of Reporting Requirements in Other Countries                                                   38
   8 Tax-related Incentives for Child-friendly CSR Initiatives                                                 40

REFERENCES                                                                                                     50

APPENDIX                                                                                                       53

                                     Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   5
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
    The Malaysian Government sees strong corporate                                  especially small and medium enterprises
    governance, transparency and responsible                                        (SMEs), through developing reporting
    business practices as a means of differentiating                                requirements and capacity building.
    the business investment climate in Malaysia
                                                                                • Bursa Malaysia requires all public-listed
    and positioning it as a leader in the region. The
                                                                                  companies (PLCs) (and their subsidiaries) to
    Government actively supports CSR and this is
                                                                                  disclose their CSR activities or practices and if
    reflected in policy and regulation, tax incentives,
                                                                                  there are none, to provide a statement to that
    reporting and voluntary standards, as well as their
                                                                                  effect.1
    endorsement of CSR through awards. In light
    of the support for corporate responsibility (CR)                            • Increased investment in CSR from palm oil
    practices in Malaysia, UNICEF Malaysia sees the                               plantations has been recorded; however, it is
    opportunity to have a stronger impact on the lives                            unclear whether such initiatives will address the
    of children through deeper engagement of the                                  needs of children’s basic social services.
    corporate sector, and more specifically through its
    CSR practices.                                                              The resources and activities surrounding the
                                                                                promotion of CSR is moving in the right direction,
    The Government of Malaysia has contributed to                               but there is room for improvement to achieve
    a positive CSR environment, which has made an                               results for children through CSR and empowering
    impact under the Ninth and Tenth Malaysia Plan,                             companies to engage in responsible business
    specifically:                                                               practice. To bridge these gaps, UNICEF Malaysia
                                                                                aims to increase the visibility of how businesses
    • Vision 2020 sets the foundation for Malaysia to                           can impact the lives of children through advocating
      become a developed nation by the year 2020 by                             for child-friendly business practices. Child-friendly
      creating a united country that has a caring and                           business practices incorporate elements of child
      economically just society.                                                rights into the framework of CSR, which touches
                                                                                the whole business value chain and includes
    • The Government-linked Investment Companies
                                                                                the workplace, marketplace, community and
      (GLICs) and Government-Linked Companies
                                                                                environment.
      (GLCs) are leading the way by following the
      Silver Book guidelines on contributions to
      society. They have made positive advancements
      for children’s education with the PINTAR
      program, but their contributions are still
      concentrated in community investment.

    • The Tenth Malaysia Plan (2011 – 2015)
      recognizes the importance of public and private
      partnership (PPP) and how it can contribute to
      the achievement of development goals. It urges
      GLCs to integrate and implement CSR policies.

    • The Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM)
      has set initiatives that will raise the visibility
      of CSR for a large number of businesses,

    1   Listing Requirements (Appendix 9c, Part A (29) http://www.bursamalaysia.com/website/bm/about_us/the_organisation/csr/approach.html)

6   UNICEF MALAYSIA
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
© UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Anuar
BACKGROUND AND
CONTEXT

      Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   7
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
Objective and Methodology                              potential in Malaysia given the relatively advanced
                                                           stage of political endorsement of CSR policies.
    The objective of this review is to provide a
    comprehensive description of current CSR policies      In 2007, The Partnering Initiative2 published a
    in Malaysia and develop recommendations to             study to determine how the corporate sector could
    enhance the child focus primarily among Malaysian      maximize their contribution to UNICEF’s mission.
    companies. The results should demonstrate a            In November 2008, the OTF Group3, one of
    contemporary and comprehensive analysis of the         UNICEF’s corporate alliances, conducted a
    current policy framework for children, with a view     comprehensive study to understand the level of
    to strategically extend its scope beyond traditional   satisfaction of UNICEF’s corporate partners and
    policy areas and partnerships. The information and     to identify opportunities to strengthen and expand
    issues raised in this document are intended for        corporate engagement.
    use by UNICEF, stakeholders from the corporate
    sectors, businesses, regulatory bodies, and the        Following the recommendations, UNICEF adopted
    Government to better understand the roles they         a new approach to corporate engagement. The
    may adopt to strengthen responsible business           approach includes; creating wider resource
    practices for children.                                mobilization, influencing the behaviour and
                                                           practices of the corporate sector and developing
    Both reviews (conducted in 2009 and 2013) are          strategic partnerships and innovation for children.
    based on; desk review of policy documentation,         CSR is one component that can influence the
    secondary CSR data, and internet research. On          behaviour of the corporate sector.
    both occasions, interviews were conducted with
    UNICEF staff with extensive experience in              In 2012, UNICEF published the Children’s Rights
    corporate engagement and companies heavily             and Business Principles (CRBP) in joint
    involved in CSR work. Malaysian-based                  collaboration with the UN Global Compact and
    stakeholders in the Government as well as              Save the Children. It provides a comprehensive
    Malaysian companies and organisations were also        framework to understand and address the impact
    interviewed.                                           of business on the rights and well-being of
                                                           children.

                                                           The CRBP was developed in consultation with
    Adopting a New Approach to
                                                           children, business investors, trade unions,
    Corporate Engagement
                                                           national human rights institutions, civil society,
                                                           governments, academics, UN entities, child rights
    United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has a
                                                           experts and business experts. UNICEF hopes the
    strong history of engagement with the corporate
                                                           CRBP will expand the role of business to respect
    sector to mobilize resources to achieve results
                                                           and support children’s rights.
    for children and the traditional approach directly
    engages the corporate sector through fundraising
    initiatives for its own projects. UNICEF recognizes
    that the emergence of CSR extends beyond
    traditional philanthropic efforts. United Nations
    Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Malaysia has performed
    well in its activities to mobilize resources.
    However, the area of influencing sustainable
    corporate sector behaviours and strategies can be
    developed further. In addition, strategic
    engagement of the corporate sector has great

    2   http://thepartneringinitiative.org/w/who-we-are/
    3   http://www.otfgroup.com/

8   UNICEF MALAYSIA
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
The CRBP contains Ten Principles that serve as an inspiration and guide for all business in their interactions
with children; these Principles are:

                                      Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   9
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY POLICIES IN MALAYSIA - ENHANCING THE CHILD FOCUS - Unicef
UNICEF’s Level of Corporate
   Engagement Across the World

   Some examples of UNICEF’s engagement with
   the corporate sector beyond resource mobilization
   are shown below, however interactions with these
   companies vary in degree and approach and only
   some include CSR.

   • Europe: FTSE4Good
     FTSE4Good is a global benchmark identifying
     companies that meet global CSR standards.
     UNICEF provided input to the inclusion criteria,
     which includes indicators for substitute breast
     milk marketing policies.

   • Brazil: Early Child Development Index for
     Brazil (IDI)
     UNICEF Brazil created the Early Child
     Development Index and worked with the Ethos
     Institute for Social Responsibility to adapt the
     IDI for business and link CSR investments to
     achieve measurable results for children.

   • Argentina: Advisory board for child labour
     UNICEF Argentina participates in a network
     with the National Ministry of Labour and private
     sector, which drives essential private sector
     participation to develop and implement public
     policies about child labour.

   • India: Child-friendly Education Kits
     UNICEF India partnered with the government
     to create a framework to open child-friendly
     schools. The education programs were
     implemented by NGOs in partnership with
     businesses as part of their CSR contribution.
     To assess project status, a monitoring and
     evaluation report was developed following the
     London Benchmarking Group Model. UNICEF
     serves on a council of CSR advisors to guide
     project implementation.

10 UNICEF MALAYSIA
© UNICEF Malaysia/2011/Nadchatram
THE CORPORATE
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
LANDSCAPE IN MALAYSIA

       Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   11
What is Corporate Social                                                      Environmental and Social Reporting Awards6
   Responsibility?                                                               revealed multiple reporting weaknesses, including
                                                                                 companies being overly focused on philanthropic
                                                                                 activities.
   Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is referred to
   by various names such as Sustainability; Corporate
                                                                                 Similarly, whilst the number of CSR awards
   Citizenship; Corporate Responsibility; Environment,
                                                                                 continue to grow, very few address disclosure
   Social and Governance and Triple Bottom Line.
                                                                                 but focus instead on “specific areas such
   Despite this, there are common themes to the
                                                                                 as community investment projects or
   definition. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
                                                                                 environmental impact reduction rather than a
   considers; the current and future impact of
                                                                                 holistic approach that encompasses all areas
   business operations, purchasing, and the sale
                                                                                 of sustainability and disclosure of progress on
   of products and services on; the environment,
                                                                                 that approach.”7
   employees, local community and society in
   general. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is
   a set of voluntary actions a business takes over
   and above compliance with the law. It includes,                               Who influences Corporate Social
   but is not limited to corporate governance and                                Responsibility?
   philanthropy.
                                                                                 There are several organizations that are actively
                                                                                 involved in CSR activities or who are able to
   Corporate Social Responsibility in                                            influence CSR across Government, NGO and
                                                                                 business sectors. Past initiatives that introduced
   Malaysia
                                                                                 CSR practice frameworks included the following:

   Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices are
                                                                                 Government:
   growing on a global scale and Malaysia is riding
                                                                                 • The Putrajaya Committee on GLC High
   that momentum. The Government is one of the
                                                                                   Performance (PCG) outlined a CSR approach for
   few in Asia to enact CSR reporting requirements
                                                                                   GLCs in its Silver Book publication.
   for PLCs. Since the inception of the Global
   Reporting Initiative (GRI) in 1999, sixteen different                         • The Economic Planning Unit and Ministry
   Malaysian companies published GRI reports by                                    of Finance set tax incentives and budget
   July 2012.4 There are more than three different                                 allocations for CSR-targeted initiatives.
   annual award programs in Malaysia to recognize
                                                                                 • The Securities Commission and Bursa Malaysia
   the CSR contribution of local businesses.
                                                                                   manages the stock exchange and regulatory
                                                                                   framework for PLCs that incorporated
   Despite these advancements, the practice
                                                                                   mandatory CSR reporting requirements.
   of CSR still has room for growth beyond
   philanthropy. CSR Asia conducted an analysis                                  • The Companies Commission of Malaysia
   of media reporting and concluded that CSR is                                    manages the registration processes for all
   still largely seen as philanthropy; knowledge is                                business entities.
   superficial and partnerships need greater direction
                                                                                 • The Malaysian Institute of Integrity (MII) aims to
   and monitoring.5 In addition, the Malaysian
                                                                                   develop a nation of high integrity that is resilient
   Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
                                                                                   and embraces universal good values.
   (ACCA), in conjunction with their 2007 Malaysia

   4   Global Reporting Initiative, Sustainability Disclosure Database, http://database.globalreporting.org/search
   5   CSR Asia: “How well is CSR Understood in Malaysia? A Perspective from the Media”, CSR Asia Weekly Vol. 5 Week 32, 12 August 2009, http://
       www.csr-asia.com
       Sources for CSR definition text box: http://www.bitc.org.uk/; World Business Council for Sustainable Development, “Making the Business Case for
       Sustainable Development”, 2002
   6   ACCA: “Report of the Judges: ACCA Malaysia Environmental and Social Reporting Awards (MESRA) 2007”, May 2008, page 6
   7   Sustainability Reporting: Sustainability Disclosure amongst companies in selected ASEAN member countries and responses from stakeholders, The
       Rise of the Report and the Regulator, ACCA, http://www2.accaglobal.com/documents/sustainabilityreportingfutur.pdf, March 2010, page 4

12 UNICEF MALAYSIA
NGO/ Association/ Non-Profit Organisation:                   Development (1992) and the Institute for
• The Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil                    Corporate Responsibility Malaysia (2006).
  brings together NGOs, governments, palm oil
                                                          • UN Global Compact set a strategic policy
  suppliers and purchasers to address social and
                                                            initiative for businesses that are committed to
  environmental sustainability issues related to
                                                            aligning their operations and strategies with ten
  the production of palm oil.
                                                            universally accepted principles in the areas of
• The ACCA is a global body of professional                 human rights, labour, environment and anti-
  accountants, which has a very active branch               corruption. Malaysian signatories of the UNGC
  in Malaysia. They published sustainability                were led locally by the Global Compact Network
  reporting guidelines, in addition to a “Corporate         Malaysia (GCLN-MY).
  Responsibility Guide for Busy Managers”,
  and they hosted an annual sustainability                Business:
  reporting award. The ACCA in collaboration              • CSR Asia is a prominent social enterprise that
  with The Edge also published “Corporate                   produces research, conducts training, produces
  Social Responsibility: Doing Business with a              an annual regional conference, provides
  Conscience”, which is a compilation of articles           consulting services and also runs its own
  on CSR issues in Malaysia.                                foundation.

• Business Council for Sustainability and                 • OWW Consulting focuses on socially
  Reporting Malaysia is a national organisation              responsible investing (SRI) and created the first
  that comprises of business leaders from                    SRI index for Malaysia.
  various industries interested in responsible
                                                          • The EU-Malaysia Chamber of Commerce and
  and sustainable practices in-line with global
                                                            Industry has an active CSR committee and
  sustainability agenda. The BCSR is a merger
                                                            recently published a book describing CSR case
  of the Business Council of Sustainable
                                                            studies from Malaysian companies.

                               Box 1: Corporate Social Responsibility

  “…the management of a company’s positive impact on society and the environment through
  its operations, products or services and through its interaction with key stakeholders such as
  employees, customers, investors and suppliers.” – Business in the Community

  “…the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working
  with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their
  quality of life.” – World Business Council for Sustainable Development

  “…being a sustainable business means thriving in perpetuity.” – Adam Werbach, author
  Strategy for Sustainability

  “…is the responsibility of an organisation for the impacts of its decisions and activities on
  society and the environment. CSR goes beyond philanthropy. Child focused CSR contributes
  to sustainable development, including health and the welfare of children. It also takes into
  account the expectations of children and their family as stake-holders.” - UNICEF

                                     Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   13
© UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Hemawathy
   The Malaysian Government and                                               • The seventh challenge: establishing a fully
   Corporate Social Responsibility                                              caring society and a caring culture

                                                                              • The eighth challenge: ensuring an economically
                                                                                just society
   Vision 2020
                                                                              • The ninth challenge: establishing a prosperous
   Vision 2020 was presented by former Prime                                    society, with an economy that is fully
   Minister Mahathir Bin Mohamad in 1991 and                                    competitive, dynamic, robust and resilient.
   sets the foundation for Malaysia to become a
   developed nation by the year 2020. He stated that                          Vision 2020 is a guideline for the country to
   the goal is to create a united country with strong                         become a developed nation. The private sector’s
   moral values and a caring and economically                                 contributions to society are evident in the policies
   just society. The former Prime Minister                                    and initiatives that were later developed.
   acknowledged the importance of the private
   sector in fuelling economic growth, but articulated
   that comprehensive development is not limited                              National Integrity Plan
   to economic advancement.8 To achieve that
   objective, Vision 2020 outlines nine strategic                             The National Integrity Plan was developed in 2004
   challenges that the country needs to address in its                        to meet the Fourth Challenge of Vision 2020; to
   development. Of those challenges, four are related                         establish an ethical society. The objective of the
   to CSR.                                                                    National Integrity Plan is; to reduce corruption,
                                                                              enhance corporate governance and ethics, and
   • The fourth challenge: establishing a fully moral                         improve quality of life for Malaysians. The
     and ethical society                                                      Malaysian Institute of Integrity (IIM) was created

   8   Malaysia as a fully developed country, Office of the Prime Minister of Malaysia, http://www.pmo.gov.my/?menu=page&page=1898

14 UNICEF MALAYSIA
to facilitate the progress of these objectives (the                       stating that, “Successful partnerships will be
IIM works with the private sector, NGOs, political                        extended, particularly between the Government
parties and religious groups). The primary activities                     and NGOs in welfare initiatives and between
of the IIM include conducting integrity research,                         public and private sector in corporate social
organizing seminars and training, and advising the                        responsibility (CSR) programmes, such as in
Government on programmes to enhance integrity.                            education and environmental conservation.” 9
While most of their activities have focused on
integrity and corporate governance, the IIM has                           The 10MP encourages the private sector to
created publications on CSR.                                              implement CSR programmes and also explicitly
                                                                          identifies national commitments towards children.
                                                                          It recognises children as a vital component of
Tenth Malaysia Plan                                                       Malaysian society and “therefore embracing
                                                                          their needs and balancing those needs against
The roadmap to achieve the goals and objectives                           an evolving social environment is critical
of Vision 2020 are laid out in the Tenth Malaysian                        towards achieving a truly progressive and
Plan (10MP), spanning from 2011 to 2015. The                              inclusive society”.10
10MP focuses on five development thrusts:
                                                                          The national commitments are described below
                                                                          and include children and family initiatives on
                                                                          poverty eradication, education, child protection and
                                                                          health.

                                                                          The Government is concerned with children in
                                                                          the bottom 40% household income group and
                                                                          through the 10MP intends to arrange for additional
                                                                          educational support. By addressing the provision
                                                                          of a social safety net for disadvantaged groups,
                                                                          children are included through the emphasis of
                                                                          equitable access to education, health and basic
                                                                          infrastructure.11

                                                                          Large households and single parents in rural
                                                                          areas will continue to receive support in terms of
                                                                          building and upgrading homes and “In addition,
                                                                          to complement government efforts, GLCs and
                                                                          the private sector will be encouraged to provide
                                                                          houses through their CSR programmes”. 12

                                                                          The 10MP calls for CSR programmes to sponsor
Based on the 10MP, the Government plans to                                the establishment of licensed day care centres
vigorously support greater collaboration between                          in partnership with NGOs. The implementation
the public sector, private sector and civil society                       of flexible working hours and work from home
in order to enhance the delivery of social services.                      policies in both the public and private sectors will
The 10MP makes clear reference to CSR by                                  be continually promoted to encourage a more
                                                                          family-friendly workplace.13

9    The Tenth Malaysia Plan 2011-2015, http://www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/html/RMKE10/rmke10_english.html, page 25
10   Ibid. page 178
11   Ibid. page 140
12   Ibid. page 160
13   Ibid. page, 180

                                                 Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   15
To ensure the protection and well-being of
   children, the Government plans to continue
   strengthening the institution of family and the
   facilitation of child welfare. In order to address the
   seriousness of child abuse, the Royal Malaysian
   police will screen child carers to ensure the safety
   and protection of children in the care of external
   parties i.e. child-care centres, nurseries and
   kindergartens.14 In addition, an alert system for
   lost and missing children will also be established.

   Under Thrust 5 of the 10MP the Healthy Lifestyle
   Campaign, which emphasises healthy eating,
   physical activity, anti-smoking and mental health,
   will now specifically target school children and
   adolescents to ensure better health outcomes.15

   14 Ibid. page 184
   15 Ibid. page 274

16 UNICEF MALAYSIA
© UNICEF Malaysia/2012/Hemawathy
CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY IN
PRACTICE

       Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   17
Tenth Malaysia Plan                                                         of PPP. The Government specifically calls for
                                                                               the private sector to develop and implement
   Encouraging GLCs to participate in CSR resulted                             CSR programmes. Specific reference to CSR
   in PETRONAS - the leading national oil and                                  is still lacking in the Economic Transformation
   gas company in the country - pledging RM100                                 Programme (ETP) and it is crucial that CSR be
   million to support the identified bottom 40% of                             developed within the ETP. Such results can be
   households. Their pledge will provide essential                             used as a reference point to encourage stronger
   food to those in need; implementation will be                               involvement from the private sector, not only by
   through the use of MyKad, the procurement                                   promoting sustainable business practice but also
   instrument at PETRONAS Mesra convenient                                     as a key element in PPP building.
   stores.16

   In order to raise the educational standards of                              New Economic Model
   Malaysian students, the Literacy and Numeracy
   Screening (LINUS) programme was set up to                                   The Prime Minister of Malaysia established the
   ensure that all students17 are equipped with basic                          National Economic Advisory Council (NEAC) in
   literacy and numeracy skills after the first three                          May 2009 with a mandate to formulate the New
   years of primary education. The Government has                              Economic Model (NEM) and its purpose is to
   also allocated RM400 million to LINUS from 2010-                            transform the country into a high-income economy
   2012. To date, approximately 17,000 teachers18                              by 2020.
   have been trained to apply the new LINUS module
   and a total of 891,327 Primary 1 and 2 students                             The NEM outlines the strategic direction and
   completed the LINUS programme in 2011.                                      necessary policy measures to promote Malaysia’s
                                                                               growth in an inclusive and sustainable manner. The
   The strategy to increase preschool enrolment                                NEAC officially completed its mandate on 31 May
   rates through public-private partnership (PPP) saw                          2011. The Performance Management and Delivery
   significant results from 2009 to 2001, rising from                          Unit (PEMANDU) is in charge of coordinating
   67% to 77.23% respectively.19 The Government                                the relevant government agencies that are
   aims to increase the enrolment rate to 87% in                               responsible for implementing the policy measures
   2012. A National Pre-school Information System                              recommended by the NEM.
   was introduced to enable data monitoring and
   evaluate pre-school centres and students.                                   Similarly to the 10MP, the NEM believes that
   The information system aims to facilitate the                               socially-accountable growth is not only about PPP
   development of the overall education system.                                but also about promoting the inclusiveness of civil
                                                                               society. The NEM also believes that to benefit the
   A RM20 billion Facilitation Fund was created                                nation; academia, business, the civil service and
   (under the PPP initiative) to catalyse private                              civil society must work together in partnership.
   investments in nationally strategic areas.20
   Children benefit from this fund as the 10MP                                 One of the NEM’s policy measures favours
   encourages different forms of child-friendly CSR,                           sustainable agriculture and recommends that
   especially in the area of education.                                        it covers the ecological aspect and the social
                                                                               sustainability face of the industry. The latter
   The 10MP also explicitly recognise the importance                           includes fair wages and working conditions, good
                                                                               working practices and avoiding child labour.21
   16 Ibid. page 161
   17 Children with learning disabilities will be placed in a special programme with separate targets.
   18 Zero to 12: Upgrading the education system, News Straits Times, http://www.nst.com.my/nation/extras/zero-to-12-upgrading-the-education-
      system-1.69792, 2 April 2012
   19 Ibid.
   20 The Tenth Malaysia Plan 2011-2015, http://www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/html/RMKE10/rmke10_english.html, page 24
   21 Concluding Part - New Economic Model for Malaysia - Strategic Policy Measures - Full Report, http://www.neac.gov.my/publications.
      php?subcategory=nem%20reports&ID=305&title=concluding%20part%20-%20new%20economic%20model%20for%20malaysia%20-%20
      strategic%20policy%20measures%20-%20full%20report, page 38

18 UNICEF MALAYSIA
The NEAC supports the 10MP focus on the needs                                 framework that was launched in 2006 to highlight
of the bottom 40% household income and the                                    to all PLCs that CSR is more than just philanthropy
NEAC recommends that the needs of children                                    and community initiatives.24
in these households be given prominence. In
this regard, the NEAC favours a “longer-term                                  Bursa Malaysia made it mandatory for all PLCs
stable and favourable investment climate”                                     to disclose its CSR activities in its annual
and suggests that special education facilities for                            reports. Appendix 9C, Part A (29) of the Listing
these children is “good for capacity building                                 Requirements states that PLCs are required to
and has positive impact on both growth and                                    make “A description of the corporate social
distribution”. The NEAC argues that direct                                    responsibility activities or practices undertaken
financial support is positive on distribution but may                         by the listed issuer and its subsidiaries or if
achieve little in the aspect of growth.22                                     there are none, a statement to that effect”.25

In addition, the NEAC also supports the 10MP’s                                Bursa Malaysia also launched its Business
aim to raise labour force participation rates to                              Sustainability Program in 2010 to highlight
offset the need for foreign labour in Malaysia. The                           the need for listed companies to integrate
NEAC recommends legislative reforms to reduce                                 sustainability elements into their business
the obstacles of female participation in the labour                           strategies. This programme guides directors of
force by implementing policies that would include                             listed companies to adopt good sustainability
child-care requirements.23                                                    practices as well as help them understand that
                                                                              sustainability trends can affect specific industries.

Bursa Malaysia Berhad                                                         Currently, Bursa Malaysia is looking at launching an
                                                                              Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Index
Bursa Malaysia Berhad (Bursa Malaysia) is the                                 for PLCs, which may be introduced sometime
front line regulatory body that governs all PLCs in                           in 2013. This ESG Index is expected to increase
Malaysia (representing 920 PLCs) and operates                                 the number of listed companies who conform to
the country’s only stock exchange therefore Bursa                             good corporate practices, which in turn will attract
Malaysia is in a key position to promote CSR                                  Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) funds.
among the companies on its list.                                              Bursa Malaysia believes in allowing markets to
                                                                              thrive while maintaining investors’ protection and
Bursa Malaysia is committed to promote a                                      as a result, Malaysia was ranked 4th among 142
balanced business environment among its listed                                countries for its commitment towards investors’
entities and advocates for thriving market forces                             protection by the World Economic Forum.26
while adhering to core values that contribute to
society and the environment.                                                  A recent survey by CSR Asia revealed that out of
                                                                              100 Malaysian listed companies, only 18 produced
Bursa Malaysia believes that while delivering                                 sustainability reports in 2010/2011. Bursa Malaysia
value to stakeholders, listed companies must                                  has taken the lead as a regulator and a listed entity
also consider the importance of the marketplace,                              to publish its inaugural sustainability report in 2011
workplace, environment and community and how                                  in order to propel more PLCs to follow suit.
business operations may have an impact on these
areas. This proposition is in line with the CSR                               Bursa Malaysia has been responsible for a variety

22 Ibid. page 14
23 Ibid. page 12
24 Bursa Malaysia, Powering Business Sustainability A Guide for Directors, http://www.bursamalaysia.com/misc/sustainability_guide_for_directors.pdf,
   page 11
25 Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad, Main Market Listing Requirements, http://www.bursamalaysia.com/misc/system/assets/2961/regulation_rules_
   bm_main_LR.pdf
26 World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2011-12/CountryProfiles/Malaysia.pdf,
   page 249

                                                   Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus                      19
of sustainability initiatives, one of which sponsored                    The employee volunteers are also involved in
   36 children from 3 orphanages for a financial                            regular trips to help orphanages and homes for
   literacy programme called MoneyWise Camp.27                              the underprivileged. Bursa Malaysia provides
                                                                            scholarships and internship programs to
   The initiatives volunteers also help strengthen                          undergraduate students to help further their
   Bursa Malaysia’s connection with the community                           education.
   through activities such as Bursa Malaysia’s
   reading programme, involving 30 children aged 6                          Through Bursa Malaysia’s charitable arm, Yayasan
   to 12 from poor families at the HOPE Worldwide                           Bursa Malaysia, they have been able to provide
   Centre. Bursa Malaysia also facilitated a School                         assistance to targeted groups in need. For
   Entrepreneurship Workshop for 50 students from                           example, through its school adoption programs,
   SMK Batu Laut, which is one of their two adopted                         Bursa Malaysia provides financial assistance and
   schools.28                                                               support to rural school children.

                Box 2: Government-linked Companies Transformation Programme (GLCT)

     The Putrajaya Committee                       of the PCG and is chaired by                   and are encouraged to adopt
     for GLC High Performance                      the Minister of Finance II.                    the GRI standards; however
     (PCG) was formed in 2005.                                                                    less stringent reporting
     Their goal is to enable the                   The PCG developed ten                          guidelines are available for
     transformation of GLCs to                     initiatives; one among them                    less mature companies.
     compete with domestic peer                    clarifies social obligations,
     businesses by 2015. GLCs                      referred to as the Silver Book.                The Silver Book outlines
     make up a significant part                    “The Silver Book – Achieving                   that GLCs should develop
     of the Malaysian economy.                     Value through Social                           a Contributions to Society
     According to data published                   Responsibility” was published                  policy based on three
     by the PCG in April 2011,                     in 2006 and outlines how to                    elements and aligned with the
     there are 19 GLCs that                        make “sustainable benefits                     business’s overall strategy.
     capitalise RM353bn29 of the                   to society as part of making a                 First, a GLC should choose a
     market.                                       business competitive over the                  core area of contribution to
                                                   longer term”.                                  society defined as:
     The PCG has multiple
     stakeholders and including                    The framework for how GLCs                     • Human rights
     five Government-linked                        will make their contributions
                                                                                                  • Employee welfare
     Investment Companies                          to society include guidelines
     (GLICs) with roles as active                  on choosing activities, setting                • Customer service
     shareholders to exert                         financial targets, measuring
                                                                                                  • Supplier relationship
     pressure on the economic                      impact and reporting. GLCs
     performance of the GLCs. The                  are required to provide a                      • Environmental protection
     Transformation Management                     report to the PCG and GLICs
                                                                                                  • Community involvement
     Office at Khazanah Nasional                   on the scope and spending of
     Berhad acts as the Secretariat                their contributions to society                 • Ethical business behaviour

   27 Bursa Malaysia, Shaping A Sustainable Future, Sustainability Report 2011, http://www.bursamalaysia.com/misc/system/assets/2621/Corpoate_
      Bursa_Malaysia_Sustainability_Report_2011.pdf, page 13
   28 Ibid.
   29 Putrajaya Committee for GLC High Performance, GLC Transformation Programme, Progress Review 2011, April 2011, http://www.pcg.gov.my/news.
      asp, page 8

20 UNICEF MALAYSIA
Khazanah Nasional Bhd30                                                         Khazanah’s vision is to enhance CR principles
                                                                                by delivering sustainable value through;
Khazanah is the Government of Malaysia’s                                        strategic investments, human and social capital
strategic investment fund, namely a GLIC. As                                    development, and the protection of the natural
trustees to the nation’s commercial assets, its role                            environment. All CR initiatives are designed to
is to promote economic growth and make strategic                                work towards Khazanah’s CR vision.32
investments on behalf of the Government, which
contributes toward nation-building.31 It is the                                 Table 1 shows several of Khazanah’s Education
key agency mandated to drive shareholder value                                  Programmes.
creation, efficiency gains and enhance corporate
governance in GLCs.

30 Data about Khazanah was extracted from its CR Report 2011 and figures may have changed since the publication of the report
31 http://www.khazanah.com.my/index.htm
32 Our vision is to enhance Corporate Responsibility (CR) principles by delivering sustainable value through our strategic investments, human and social
   capital development and protection of the natural environment.
33 Khazanah Nasional, 2011 Corporate Responsibility Report, http://www.khazanah.com.my/docs/2011_CRReport.pdf, page 26
34 Ibid. page 18
35 Ibid. page 27
36 Ibid. page 35

                                                    Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus                         21
© UNICEF Malaysia/2011/Nadchatram
   In addition to education programmes, Khazanah                                 Other Government-linked
   is also involved in initiatives that are linked to                            Companies CSR Activities
   the protection and care of children. For example,
   OrphanCARE is an NGO that seeks to reduce the                                 As of June 2011, 222 schools were adopted
   number of children in orphanages and to provide                               under the PINTAR programme by both GLCs and
   baby hatches to respond to the increasing cases                               non-GLCs (CIMB Foundation, Tenaga National
   of abandoned babies in the last couple of years. It                           Berhad, Bursa Malaysia, Media Prima, Theta
   also supports Yayasan Chow Kit (YCK) a 24 hour                                Edge, Sarawak Plantations Bhd., Weida Berhad,
   crisis and drop-in centre that provides meals,                                Tas Offshore, Teluk Datai Resorts Sdn. Bhd
   activities, therapy and educational programmes for                            etc.) reaching over 110,000 students. Outside
   underprivileged children in Chow Kit.37                                       of PINTAR, Maybank has a home adoption
                                                                                 programme benefiting and focusing on orphans,
   Voice of the Children (VoC) is an advocacy based                              abused children, the physically challenged and
   organisation that highlights issues affecting                                 children involved in crime.40
   children. Voice of the Children (VoC) gained
   Khazanah’s assistance through a programme                                     The PCG Programme Progress Review 2011
   grant fund that was used to hold a series of legal                            states; “Concurrent to the pursuit for growth
   trainings on children’s rights in collaboration with                          and a higher level of performance, GLICs and
   lawyers, magistrates, prosecutors and pupils-in-                              GLCs have directly and indirectly benefited
   chamber to build the capacity of stakeholders in                              their key stakeholders such as employees,
   child protection in the legal system.38                                       customers, suppliers and the society at large.

   37   Ibid. page 37
   38   Ibid. page 36
   39   http://www.mypintar.com.my/main/en/pintar-foundation/pintar-members
   40   Maybank Berhad, Sustainability Report 2011, Humanising Our Journey to Sustainability, http://www.maybank.com.my/files/corporate_information/
        maybank%20sustainability%20report%202011/Maybank-Sustainability_Report_2011.pdf, page 48

22 UNICEF MALAYSIA
This has been achieved through various human                             many policies that benefit children, some of which
capital development initiatives to increase                              are mentioned above. The effort made by GLCs
employee value propositions; enhance delivery                            directly contributes and shapes the current CSR
and quality of products and services (G20 have                           climate in Malaysia.
won numerous awards in this regard); vendor
development programmes; and contributions
to society through Programmes such as                                    Companies Commission of
PINTAR, SEJAHTERA and GEMs”.41                                           Malaysia
It is possible that GLCs have many other CSR                             The Companies Commission of Malaysia also
initiatives, but these activities are still focused                      known as Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (SSM),
on philanthropy. The 10MP calls for GLCs to                              under the purview of the Ministry of Domestic
integrate and implement CSR policies and in-line                         Trade, Co-operatives & Consumerism, is a
with this, GLCs must understand that CSR is not                          statutory body that regulates companies and
solely focused on cash-giving. There is potential                        businesses in Malaysia. This allows SSM to
for further integration and implementation of CSR                        leverage on its linkage and network capacity as
ideologies in the way that GLCs conduct their                            the Ministry is responsible for all domestic trade
businesses.                                                              activities. With these strategic linkages, SSM is in
                                                                         a good position to drive the culture of Corporate
The Silver Book framework identifies areas of                            Responsibility (CR) among businesses in Malaysia.
contribution to society such as human rights                             According to its database, as of 31 October 2012,
(including the right to education) and employee                          there are a total of 1,006,499 companies and
welfare that are more impactful for children.                            4,906,017 businesses (sole proprietorships and
Furthermore, it encourages GLCs to assess                                partnerships) registered with SSM. According to
societal concerns for the industry and invest in                         the statistics issued by SME Corp Malaysia, SMEs
areas that can impact sustainability. Government-                        make up 99.2% of the businesses in Malaysia. In
linked companies (GLCs) have embraced the Silver                         table 2 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are
Book resulting in the design and implementation of                       defined.42

41 GLC Transformation Programme, Progress Review 2011, April 2011, page 10
42 SME Corp Malaysia, http://www.smecorp.gov.my/v4/node/14

                                                Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   23
The initiative to promote CR is also parallel
   to SSM’s function under subsection 17(d) of
   the Companies Commission of Malaysia Act
   200143; SSM views CR as a subset of corporate
   governance and is mandated to play its role in this
   area.

   The Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM)
   launched its Corporate Responsibility Agenda (CR
   Agenda) on 30 June 2009, which aims to instil CR
   into the corporate culture of Malaysian businesses
   and to promote good corporate governance. In
   addition to the CR Agenda, SSM’s emphasis on

                                                                                                                                                       © UNICEFNYHQ2007-2778/Mohan
   CR is further to its Second Strategic Direction
   Plan 2010-2014 where a total of 4 out of 54 major
   projects under the Plan is related to CR.44 In order
   to achieve its goals, SSM has taken on several CR
   projects, namely:

   • Corporate Responsibility (CR) Seminar Series
     to increase awareness and to give information
     on how businesses can move towards
     sustainability and corporate governance. All                                  Through an official partnership with UNICEF
     active companies on its registry are invited                                  Malaysia (since 2010) SSM is at the progressive
     and through evaluation forms filled out by                                    stage of implementing its CR Agenda. SSM
     participants, SSM can gauge the current level of                              published 2 child-friendly Best Business Practice
     understanding.                                                                Circulars (BBPC) to highlight relevant tips to
                                                                                   implement child-friendly CR. The BBPC 1/2010:
   • Collaborative work with the Universiti
                                                                                   “Establishment of Child Care Centre at the
     Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) to conduct CR
                                                                                   Work Place by Corporate and Business
     research and develop a CR framework to
                                                                                   Employers” and BBPC 2/2011: “Establishing a
     promote to the business community. The
                                                                                   Conducive Working Environment for Women:
     results are currently being analysed45 and once
                                                                                   Nursing Mothers Programme at the Work
     complete, will shed more light on Malaysia’s CR
                                                                                   Place”, are both collaborative efforts of SSM and
     climate.
                                                                                   UNICEF Malaysia. Both BBPCs have circulated
   • The Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM)                                    among the companies on the SSM’s registry and
     plans to develop a CR Matching initiative which                               act as a promotion tool to increase awareness.
     may take the form of a database that facilitates,
     the interaction of NGOs in need of resources,                                 Further to setting their own CR Agenda, SSM
     and businesses searching for opportunities to                                 has called on the corporate world to go beyond
     contribute to society.                                                        philanthropy and embrace CR as a core business
                                                                                   value to achieve business sustainability.
   • The Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM)
     aims to promote and create public awareness
     about CR through strategic partnerships and
     collaborations.

   43 “The function of the Commission shall be to encourage and promote proper conduct among directors, secretaries, managers and other officers of a
      corporation, and self-regulation by corporations, companies, businesses, industry groups, and professional bodies in the corporate sector in order to
      ensure that all corporate and business activities are conducted in accordance with established norms of good corporate governance”.
   44 Companies Commission of Malaysia, Corporate Responsibility Agenda, http://www.ssm.com.my/en/cr_agenda
   45 As of 18 June 2012

24 UNICEF MALAYSIA
United Nations Global Compact                           Launched in July 2000, the UN Global Compact
                                                        (UNGC) is a platform for businesses to develop,
Consumers and investors in both the domestic            implement and disclose responsible and
and international arenas are demanding that             sustainable corporate policies and principles.
corporations meet high standards of social              Companies sign up to the UNGC by committing
and environmental care. This requires firms to          to align their operations and strategies with
be socially responsible by behaving ethically,          10 universally accepted Principles in the areas
managing the well-being of their employees and          of human rights, labour, environment and anti-
their impact on the environment and society.            corruption as shown in Table 3.

                                   Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   25
The 10 Principles are based on the UN Protect,                            the 10 Principles will benefit children as they
   Respect and Remedy Framework.46 The 10                                    are a part of the community and a chain in the
   Principles promote the conduct of responsible                             workforce as well.
   business, which will assist companies to ultimately
   achieve corporate sustainability. As of July 2012,
   a total of 71 businesses from Malaysia, mainly                            Roundtable for Sustainable
   comprising of SMEs, have signed up to the UNGC                            Palm Oil
   and are members of the Global Compact Network
   Malaysia (GCLN-MY).                                                       As a result of increasing pressure on
                                                                             environmental issues related to the growth of
   The GCLN-MY encourages businesses to                                      palm oil, the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil
   sign up to the Principles by emphasizing that                             (RSPO) was formed in 2004. The RSPO is a
   responsible business practices can unlock value,                          non-profit organization and membership-based
   increase competitiveness, enhance reputations,                            organisation with representation from oil palm,
   and increase brand and stakeholder value for                              growers, palm oil processors and traders,
   business excellence and corporate sustainability.                         consumer goods manufacturers, environmental
   Businesses should be aware that investors prefer                          NGOs, social NGOs, banks, investors and
   firms that are committed to socially responsible                          retailers.47
   corporate behaviour, which can lead to superior
   returns for the company and also meet investors’                          The RSPO’s vision is to promote the growth and
   concerns and interests.                                                   use of sustainable palm oil. To achieve this, they
                                                                             developed and launched the RSPO Principles
   According to GCLN-MY, SMEs form the majority of                           and Criteria (P&C) for Certified Sustainable Palm
   GCLN-MY members due to their business status                              Oil in 2007, which outlines a set of criteria and
   as a part of the global supply chain. Many of their                       indicators that must be met by palm oil mills and
   clients are multi-national corporations (MNCs) who                        plantations. In 2008, the Malaysian stakeholders
   are practicing CSR and therefore, wish to work                            drafted the National Interpretation (MY-NI) of the
   with suppliers who are practitioners as well. Global                      P&C, which customizes the criteria and indicators
   Compact Network Malaysia (GCLN-MY) targets                                to the laws of the country with the recognition that
   SMEs because many MNCs, GLCs and PLCs are                                 it cannot be less stringent than the overall P&C.
   already aware of CSR and are also practising it to a                      Since drafting the MY-NI, an addition to comprise
   certain extent.                                                           smallholder indicators was approved by the RSPO
                                                                             in November 2010. To receive certification, a mill
   Unlike many voluntary guidelines, the UNGC                                in Malaysia must meet RSPO P&C, MY-NI and the
   has its own enforcement mechanism. Although                               requirements of the RSPO certification system
   participation is voluntary, compliance is not. It is                      (2007).
   a firm condition of membership that a company
   provides demonstrable evidence that the company                           Palm oil companies based in Malaysia strive
   is practising the 10 Principles. Members must                             to achieve RSPO certification for the many
   submit an annual Communication in Progress                                benefits that come with certification. Based on
   (COP) report to UNGC that shows progress                                  a study jointly conducted by the World Wildlife
   has been made. Non-compliance can result in                               Fund (WWF), the CDC, a UK government-
   expulsion.                                                                owned development finance institution and the
                                                                             Netherlands Development Finance Company
   Although issues concerning children are not                               (FMO), a Dutch development bank in March
   covered expressly by the Principles (other than                           2012, “Profitability and Sustainability in Palm Oil
   Principle 5), it is GCLN-MY’s opinion that practising                     Production: Analysis of Incremental Financial

   46 http://www.unglobalcompact.org/AboutTheGC/TheTenPrinciples/principle1.html
   47 http://www.rspo.org/en/who_is_rspo

26 UNICEF MALAYSIA
Costs and Benefits of RSPO Compliance”48, many                        in sufficient quantity and of good quality, and play
companies have found that the quest to                                equipment” (Article 10).
sustainability has indeed been profitable.
Participating growers reported a range of benefits                    The RSPO has a Complaints System to handle
in the area of Operations, Community Relations,                       and address any official complaints made
Staff and Labour, Revenues and Market Access                          against RSPO members.49 This avenue will allow
and Access to Capital, some expected and some                         complaints if an RSPO member company does
unexpected.                                                           not comply with child labour or any other relevant
                                                                      child-related issues.
The criteria in the RSPO P&C and MY-NI address
many issues, such as transparency, compliance                         Although large investments are being made in
with laws and regulations, use of best practices                      CSR by palm oil companies and the government
in agriculture, environmental responsibility and                      supports the RSPO certification process, the
conservation and responsible consideration of                         tangible advantages or improvements in the area
employees and communities.                                            of child protection has yet to be clearly quantified.
                                                                      However, RSPO is currently undergoing its first
Principle 4 specifically states that women who                        review of its Principles & Criteria. This is an
are confirmed pregnant or breast-feeding are not                      opportunity for UNICEF Malaysia to engage with
allowed to work with pesticides (Criterion 4.6.6).                    RSPO by providing comments in child-related
                                                                      matters.
And Principle 6, “Responsible consideration of
employees and of individuals and communities by
growers and millers” does have criteria that aim to                   Corporate Social Responsibility
protect the welfare of children. Plantations must                     Initiatives by Palm Oil Companies
document that workers meet the minimum age of
16 (Criterion 6.7). Companies must demonstrate                        Public data indicates that some plantation
to the Certification Bodies (CB) that this criterion is               companies are investing in education for children
being implemented.                                                    of plantation workers (see Table 4). Although data
                                                                      shows support of education, there are still gaps as
In addition under Criterion 6.5, it is also                           the numbers do not reflect the; levels of schooling
compulsory for “growers and millers to provide                        offered, the quality of education or whether it
adequate housing, water supplies, medical,                            is recognized, or the number of children not in
educational and welfare amenities to national                         school.
standard or above, where no such public facilities
are available or accessible.”

In terms of Malaysian law, mills must meet
the standards listed in the Worker’s Minimum
Standard of Housing and Amenities Act 1990
(Act 446). This act sets minimum standards for
housing, but does not actually require plantations
to supply it. Furthermore, this criterion does
not apply to smallholders and requires minor
compliance. If there are more than 10 dependents
under the age of four living on the plantation, the
Director General of Labour can order a plantation
to provide a nursery as well as “a supply of milk

48 http://www.rspo.org/file/BUSINESS%20CASE_Profitability%20and%20Sustainability%20in%20Palm%20Oil%20Production.pdf
49 http://www.rspo.org/en/complaints_system_introduction
50 Borneochildaid.org, company websites

                                              Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia Enhancing the Child Focus   27
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