Design Guide 2017 - Camden County

Page created by Greg Ortiz
 
CONTINUE READING
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
2017

Design Guide
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
This page intentionally left blank.
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
Table of Contents
    1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................3
       Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5
       Purpose of this document .................................................................................... 6
       How to use this design guide ............................................................................... 6
       Disclaimer ............................................................................................................... 7
       Resources ............................................................................................................. 10
       Integrating Green Infrastructure ........................................................................ 11
    2. On Road Facilities ...............................................................................................13
       Shared Lane Markings & Sidewalk .................................................................... 14
       Conventional Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk ............................................................ 16
       Buffered Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk ..................................................................... 18
       One-way Protected Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk ................................................. 20
       Two-way Protected Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk .................................................. 22
       Advisory Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk ..................................................................... 24
       Bicycle Boulevard & Sidewalk ............................................................................ 26
    3. Off Road Facilities ...............................................................................................29
       Shared Use Path .................................................................................................. 30
       Side Path .............................................................................................................. 32
       Shared Use Path along ‘Soft Edge’ Waterfront ............................................... 34
       Shared Use Path along ‘Hard Edge’ Waterfront ............................................. 36
       Boardwalk ............................................................................................................ 38
       Hiking Path ........................................................................................................... 40
       Ramped Staircase ............................................................................................... 42
    4. Signs .....................................................................................................................45
       Bicycles “May Use Full Lane” Sign ..................................................................... 46
       “Bike Lane” Sign with Options ............................................................................ 47
       Wayfinding Signs .................................................................................................. 48
    5. Cost Estimates .....................................................................................................49
       Introduction ......................................................................................................... 51
       Cost Estimate Summary Table ........................................................................... 52
       Detailed Cost Estimates by Facility .................................................................... 53
    6. Funding ................................................................................................................63
       Federally Administered Funding Sources ......................................................... 65
       State or Regionally Administered Funding Sources ......................................... 67
       Nonprofit/NGO Funding Sources ....................................................................... 72

Table of Contents                                                                                                                      1
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
This page intentionally left blank.
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
1   INTRODUCTION

               3
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
This page intentionally left blank.
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
Introduction
   The Camden GreenWay is a network of walking and bicycling
   facilities throughout Camden, envisioned to provide viable
   and effective non-motorized or multi-modal transportation
   options for Camden residents. By supporting walking and                  The Camden GreenWay is a
   bicycling for Camden residents, the GreenWay will help              transportation network that enhances
   to improve public health, equity, the environment, and                 bicycle and pedestrian mobility
                                                                          throughout the City of Camden.
   contribute to the economy.                                            Design guidelines for the Camden
                                                                           GreenWay are the focus of this
   The benefits of bicycle and pedestrian mobility have been
                                                                                    document.
   recognized for many years and have led to significant growth
   in the development of bicycle and pedestrian facilities. The
   emphasis on growing the bicycle and pedestrian network
   is strong in the City of Camden, as well as neighboring
   communities, Camden County, and the State of New Jersey.
   While the Camden GreenWay is focused on the City of
   Camden, it is important to note that it is not the only bicycle
   and pedestrian network in Camden. A bicycle and pedestrian
   network known as the The Circuit (Greater Philadelphia’s
   regional multi-use trail network as planned by the Delaware         www.dvrpc.org/webmaps/thecircuit/
   Valley Regional Planning Commission) also leads into and             The Circuit is a regional multi-use trail
   through Camden, connecting Camden residents to Philadelphia       network planned by the Delaware Valley
                                                                        Regional Planning Commission. The
   and other communities in the region on an envisioned 750          Circuit has a regional focus. A portion of
   miles of trails. As of this writing, both the Camden GreenWay      the 750 miles of trails that constitute The
   and the The Circuit are only partially complete. The buildout      Circuit run through the City of Camden.
   for both multi-modal networks is a large effort that will take
   many years to complete.

                                                               ...
... promotes healthy                                       ... is good for the
 travel and lifestyle.     ... promotes equity and         environment and
                                                          connects people to            ... helps children get
                             provides connections
                                                             green spaces.                  to school safely.
                                to public transit.

Section 1: Introduction                                                                                             5
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
Purpose of this document
    This document focuses on design guidelines for the Camden GreenWay and its purpose is to identify and
    recommend a series of effective bicycle and pedestrian facilities that are appropriate for the Camden
    GreenWay.
    It is anticipated that much of the buildout of the Camden GreenWay will take place as private developers
    make new investments in Camden. Therefore, this design guide is intended to provide guidance to
    developers, so that as new projects and proposals emerge, they will include holistic bicycle and pedestrian
    solutions that will incrementally improve the Camden GreenWay network.

    How to use this design guide
    This design guide presents a range of bicycle and pedestrian facilities that are appropriate for the Camden
    GreenWay. Developers, builders, planners, and allied professionals are encouraged to use this document
    to identify bicycle and pedestrian facilities for inclusion in new projects, developments, and investments
    throughout Camden and especially along the Camden GreenWay network. Ultimately, the goal is to
    leverage ongoing redevelopment projects to incrementally build out the GreenWay.
    Pages 8-9 include an overview map of the Camden GreenWay and Circuit networks that identifies existing
    and proposed routes for each. Users of this guide should refer to the map to understand whether their
    project intersects with the Camden GreenWay and/or The Circuit, and whether or not the network has
    been constructed in the project area. Proposed projects that intersect with either network should include
    appropriate bicycle and pedestrian facilities as part of project development, design, and construction.
    The map included in this document was completed in January 2016; therefore, users of this guide are
    advised to seek updated versions of the map as they may become available in years ahead.
    The focus of this design guide is the Camden GreenWay. It presents 14 distinct bicycle and pedestrian
    facilities that are applicable to the GreenWay. The user of this guide should consider each facility and
    narrow down or select an appropriate design for the their particular project. It is important to note that
    The Circuit maintains a different set of design criteria for Circuit facilities; therefore, users of this guide
    are directed to contact The Circuit (www.dvrpc.org/webmaps/thecircuit/) should a proposed project
    occur along a Circuit alignment.
    Each facility within this guide is presented on a two-page spread that includes key descriptions, graphics,
    and information. Each two-page spread includes:
          • Photographic examples of an existing facility in Camden (or from other locations if there are no
              built examples in Camden),
          • An annotated plan view graphic that shows typical applications, dimensions, and considerations
              for each facility,
          • A table that presents the definition, typical application, benefits, considerations, and compatible
              green infrastructure treatments for each facility,
          • A cross section view that shows typical applications and dimensions, and
          • A graphic display of typical pavement markings and/or signage treatments associated with each
              facility, as applicable.
    The facilities presented in this guide are intended to serve both pedestrians and bicyclists and are
    classified as either “on-road” or “off-road.” In general, on-road facilities can be constructed on existing
    roadways or within existing roadway right-of-way, leveraging the established network of Camden streets.

6                                                                                   Camden GreenWay Design Guide
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
Off-road facilities can be constructed through open space or
   through parcels not presently associated with motor vehicle                       ON-ROAD FACILITIES
   transportation and enable the creation of new bicycle and                       Shared Lane Markings & Sidewalk
   pedestrian connections that can offer many advantages to the                  Conventional Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk
   non-motorized traveler.
                                                                                   Buffered Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk
   In addition to design guidance, this document also contains:                One-way Protected Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk
        • a reference section with detailed cost estimates that                Two-way Protected Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk
             can be used to further aid in decision making and
                                                                                    Advisory Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk
             facility selection at the conceptual/schematic level,
             and                                                                     Bicycle Boulevard & Sidewalk
        • a reference section with an overview of diverse
             funding sources that are applicable to bicycle and
             pedestrian facilities.                                                  OFF-ROAD FACILITIES
                                                                                            Shared Use Path
   It is important to note that, in Camden, development takes
                                                                                               Side Path
   place in the context of the built environment. Although this
   can present special challenges, it is anticipated that users of            Shared Use Path along ‘Soft Edge’ Waterfront
   this guide should always strive for the highest quality bicycle            Shared Use Path along ‘Hard Edge’ Waterfront
   and/or pedestrian facility for the residents of Camden.                                    Boardwalk

   Disclaimer
                                                                                              Hiking Path

                                                                                           Ramped Staircase
   The design guidance in this document is based on current and
   nationally recognized design guidelines. The intention of this design guide is to assist with initial decision
   making to inform a design approach at the conceptual/schematic level. The design guidance in this
   document should not be applied directly to engineering-level design or construction documents. It is
   the responsibility of the designer to make reference to the most current applicable design guidelines and
   codes.

                                 Pedestrian passage under the Benjamin Franklin Bridge at North 5th Street in Camden

Section 1: Introduction                                                                                                      7
Design Guide 2017 - Camden County
Note: This map is subject to revision. Please inquire as to the most current version.

8                                                                                           Camden GreenWay Design Guide
Section 1: Introduction   9
Resources
     Many resources were consulted in the creation of this document and are listed below. Users of this guide
     are encouraged to consult the following resources related to bicycle and pedestrian planning and design
     in Camden and in New Jersey. Please note, the resources listed below are current as of 2017 and are
     subject to change over time.
          •   AASHTO Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities (2012)
          •   AASHTO Guide for the Planning Design and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities (2004)
          •   ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG)
          •   Camden County Bicycling & Multi-Use Trails Plan (2015)
          •   Camden GreenWay Circuit Trails Plan (2016)
          •   Camden GreenWay Trails Location Study (2010)
          •   Camden GreenWay Design Guidelines (2008)
          •   City of Camden Master Plan, Neighborhood Plans, and Redevelopment Plans
          •   City of Camden Green Infrastructure Design Handbook (2013)
          •   Cramer Hill Waterfront Park Plan (2009)
          •   DVRPC Connections 2045 Long -Range Plan Update (forthcoming 2017)
          •   FHWA Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access, Part I (1999)
          •   FHWA Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access, Part II (2001)
          •   Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)
          •   NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide
          •   NACTO Urban Street Design Guide
          •   New Jersey Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan (2016)
          •   New Jersey Bicycle Safety Action Plan and Toolbox (2016)
          •   New Jersey Pedestrian Safety Action Plan and Toolbox (2014)
          •   New Jersey School Zone Design Guide (2014)
          •   New Jersey Long Range Transportation Plan (2008)
          •   New Jersey Highway Safety Plan (2016)
          •   NJDEP New Jersey Trails Plan Update (2009)
          •   NJDOT Bicycle Compatible Roadways and Bikeways Planning and Design Guidelines (1996)
          •   NJDOT Pedestrian Planning and Design Guidelines (1996)
          •   NJDOT Complete Streets Design Guide (forthcoming 2017)
          •   North Camden Waterfront Park Plan (2008)

10                                                                              Camden GreenWay Design Guide
Integrating Green Infrastructure
   The City of Camden is actively promoting green infrastructure. According to the City of Camden
   Green Infrastructure Design Handbook, “Green infrastructure uses vegetation, soils, and
   natural processes to manage water and create healthier urban environments. At the
   scale of a neighborhood or site, green infrastructure refers to stormwater management
   systems that mimic nature by soaking up and storing water.”

   Users of this guide are encouraged to integrate green infrastructure treatments through all phases
   of bicycle and pedestrian facility planning and design. As a starting point, each of the 14 bicycle and
   pedestrian facilities presented in this guide includes a recommendation for green infrastructure
   treatments that can be included within an overall design.

   Green Infrastructure Resources
                                                                                              rs.edu/
                                                                                    ter.rutge
                                                                         http://wa
                                          City of Camden Green
                                          Infrastructure Design
                                          Handbook, 2013

                                               Rutgers Green
                                                Infrastructure
                                         Guidance Manual for
                                                  New Jersey

                                          US EPA Green
                                          Infrastructure
                                          Website

                                                          NJDEP
                                                    Stormwater
                                                  Best Practices
                                                         Manual
 www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure
                                                                           www.njstormwater.org/

                                          New Jersey Future
                                          Mainstreaming
                                          Green Infrastructure
                                          Campaign

                                                     Camden
                                                SMART Initiative
 www.njfuture.org/                                     Website

                                                                          www.camdensmart.com/

Section 1: Introduction                                                                                      11
Green Infrastructure around Camden

      RAIN GARDEN
                         at work!

       Rain gardens intercept, treat, and
       infiltrate stormwater runoff. This
       garden promotes groundwater
       recharge, while helping to reduce
       flooding and the strain on the city’s
              combined sewer system.

                                                                3    Infiltrate
            Learn more at:
              Learn more at
       www.camdensmart.com

                                               2   Convey

                             1       Collect

12                                                          Camden GreenWay Design Guide
2   ON-ROAD
    FACILITIES

                 13
Shared Lane Markings &
     Sidewalk
SHARED LANE MARKINGS & SIDEWALK
DEFINITION
Shared lane markings (SLMs) are pavement markings that indicate a shared lane environment for
bicycles and automobiles. They are also referred to as “sharrows.”
Sidewalks are dedicated pedestrian travel ways that are constructed adjacent to roadways.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Generally, shared lane markings may be designed for use on roads with a posted speed limit ≤25 MPH
and traffic volume 25 MPH.
Should not be used in shoulders.
                                                                                                                   Typical dimensions of the shared
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPPORTUNITIES                                                                                  lane marking (Source: MUTCD).
Shared lane markings are a painted application to roadways that do not disrupt existing drainage                    The marking should be applied
                                                                                                                  after intersections and at intervals
configurations. As such, they are compatible with a number of green infrastructure interventions, such
                                                                                                                     of least every 250’ thereafter.
as pervious paving (at select locations), street trees, stormwater tree trenches, and planters.

 Sample cross-section for Shared Lane Markings & Sidewalk (created with Streetmix.net)

                                                                                                                       Alternative C

                                       Sidewalk Parking         Shared           Shared        Parking Sidewalk
                                                 Lane            Lane
                                                               Alternative A      Lane          Lane

                                                      7’           11’              11’          7’

                                                                   Pavement Width
                                                                         36’

Section 2: On-Road Facilities                                                                                                                            15
Conventional Bicycle Lane
     & Sidewalk

                                                                       Conventional
                                                                           bicycle
                                                                       lanes can be
                                                                        installed on
                                                                      roadways with
                                                                         or without
                                                                          on-street
                                                                           parking           with             without
                                                                                            parking           parking

      Example of a bicycle lane on Harrison Ave

                                                                         Typically, the
                                                                       desired width for                                  Conventional
                                                                        a conventional                                    bicycle lanes
                                                                          bicycle lane                5’-7’        5’       can be as
                                                                          is 5’. When                                     narrow as 4’
                                                                      installed adjacent                                 in constrained
                                                                        to parking, it is                                areas or along
                                                                      desirable to widen                                 roadways that
                                                                       to 7’ depending                                    lack vertical
                                                                            on traffic                                   barriers (such
      Example of a wide sidewalk with access                            conditions and                                    as curbs and
      to bus transit on Harrison Ave                                   available space.                                   parked cars).

Sidewalks and bicycle lanes clearly delineate separate       Dashed markings can
 travel spaces for pedestrians and bicyclists, reducing   extend through intersections
     conflict between travel modes. Small children            to reinforce the travel
      can still be expected to bicycle on sidewalks.         alignment of bicyclists.

16                                                                                                    Camden GreenWay Design Guide
CONVENTIONAL BICYCLE LANE & SIDEWALK
DEFINITION
Conventional bicycle lanes are an application of pavement striping, pavement markings, and signs to
designate travel space for bicyclists on the roadway.
Sidewalks are dedicated pedestrian travel ways that are constructed adjacent to roadways.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Generally, conventional bicycle lanes may be designed for use on roads with a posted speed limit ≤35
MPH and traffic volume
Buffered Bicycle Lane &
     Sidewalk

          Example of a buffered bicycle lane on
          State Street at N. 10th Street
                                                                                               ±8’ 5’ 2’

                                                                         Typically, when
                                                                      adjacent to on-street
                                                                       parking, the striped
                                                                       buffer should be a
                                                                      minimum of 2’ wide,
                                                                      and the bicycle travel
                                                                        lane should be a
                                                                        minimum 5’ wide.

                                                                                                adjacent
                                                                                               to parking

                        Typically, where there is
                                                                         Buffered bicycle
                        no on-street parking, the
                                                                      lanes can be striped
                       striped buffer should be a
                                                                         adjacent to the
                      minimum of 2’ wide, and the
                                                                       curb or adjacent to
                       bicycle travel lane should
                                                                        on-street parking.
                         be a minimum 4’ wide.

                                                  adjacent to
     4’                                            the curb
     2’

Where motor vehicles cross over
                                                     Bike boxes enable bicyclists to stop
the bicycle lane to access a right
                                                    in advance of motor vehicles at stop
 turn lane, dashed markings can
                                                     signals, which can provide benefits
 be used in concert with colored
                                                        for navigating the intersection
pavement treatments to increase
                                                           once the signal changes.
   visibility of the conflict area.
18                                                                                                     Camden GreenWay Design Guide
BUFFERED BICYCLE LANE & SIDEWALK
DEFINITION
Buffered bicycle lanes are bicycle lanes that include a designated, striped buffer space adjacent to
the motor vehicle travel lane and/or the parking lane. The stiped buffer space benefits bicyclists in
a number of ways; however, the facility requires more lateral space on the roadway than standard
bicycle lanes.
Sidewalks are dedicated pedestrian travel ways that are constructed adjacent to roadways.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Generally, buffered bicycle lanes may be designed for use on roads with:
                                                                                                                The bike lane sign (R3-17) can
• a posted speed limit ≤45 MPH and traffic volume
One-way Protected
     Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk

      The protected bicycle lane buffer area can be                                  5’ 3’ ±8’
      defined with gore striping. The parking lane             Typically, when
      physically separates bicyclists from motor            adjacent to on-street
      vehicle traffic. (Image source: NACTO).                parking, the buffer
                                                              area should be a
                                                            minimum of 3’ wide,
                                                            and the bicycle travel
                                                              lane should be a
                                                             minimum 5’ wide.

                                                              The buffer area
                                                             protects bicyclists
                                                              from “dooring”
                                                               accidents with
                                                                parked cars.

                                                                                      striped buffer
                                                                                       with parking

                                   Buffers can consist        Two-stage turning
                                     of striping with a          queue boxes
                                     vertical element,         enable bicyclists
                                     such as bollards         to make left turns
                                    or parking; or, can          at signalized
                                      be constructed           intersections in
                                      with the use of        two stages, always
                                   concrete curbs and        with the movement
                                     raised surfaces.              of traffic.

                                           constructed
                                             buffer

       Constructed buffers are typically more expensive
      than striped buffers and may require modifications
     to roadway drainage. But, they create an opportunity
       to add significant plantings, shade, and improved
          stormwater management to the streetscape.

20                                                                                           Camden GreenWay Design Guide
ONE-WAY PROTECTED BICYCLE LANE & SIDEWALK
DEFINITION
A one-way protected bicycle lane is a facility for the exclusive use of bicyclists combining elements of
an on-road bike lane and a separated path. A protected bicycle lane offers the benefits of being part of
the roadway with the safety and comfort of being physically separated from motorized vehicles.
Sidewalks are dedicated pedestrian travel ways that are constructed adjacent to roadways.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Generally, protected bicycle lanes provide physical separation of bicyclists from motorized vehicles and
may be designed for roadways with speed limits >50 MPH and traffic volumes >15,000 AADT (as well
as all lower speed limits and volumes).                                                                                      The bike lane sign (R3-17) can
                                                                                                                               be used in conjunction with
Protected bicycle lanes are desirable along streets where conventional lanes may cause stress to                              stiped bicycle lane facilities,
bicyclists (due to multiple lanes, high traffic volumes and along streets with high bicycle volumes.                        installed at the beginning, end,
                                                                                                                             and at periodic intervals along
BENEFITS                                                                                                                     the length of the facility based
                                                                                                                                on engineering judgment.
Dedicates and protects space for bicyclists; attractive to bicyclists of all ages and abilities.
Eliminates risk and fear of collisions with over-taking vehicles.
Reduces risk of ‘dooring’ compared to a conventional bike lane.
Physically prevents double parking.
                                                                                                                                                 6’ - 0”
CONSIDERATIONS
Require maintenance and upkeep — snow removal and street sweeping may need special equipment.
The minimum desired width for the bicycle lane is 5’.
                                                                                                                                                 6’ - 0”
The minimum desired width for the physical separation area is 3’. Different approaches can be utilized
for physical separation, such as striping and bollards, car parking, or raised curbs.
Require considerations at crossings of driveways and minor intersections.
Special consideration should be given at transit stops to manage bicycle & pedestrian interactions.                                              6’ - 0”

Cost can vary greatly based on the components that provide physical separation (some of which may
require drainage modifications).
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS                                                                                              Typical dimensions of the Helmet
Protected bicycle lanes with striped buffer areas do not disrupt drainage and are compatible with all                     Bicyclist Symbol (Source: MUTCD)
types of green infrastructure interventions.                                                                              These markings should be placed
                                                                                                                             at the beginning of a bicycle
Protected bicycle lanes with constructed buffer areas can change existing roadway drainage and create                       lane and at periodic intervals
opportunities for pervious paving, stormwater tree trenches, planters, or similar solutions that keep                        along the bicycle lane based
runoff out of centralized stormwater management facilities.                                                                   on engineering judgment.

 Sample cross-section for One-way Protected Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk (created with Streetmix.net)
                                                                                                                              Alternative B

                                                                                                                                                                   Traffic
                                                                                                                                               Striped buffer

                                                                                                                             Sidewalk   Bike
                                                                                                                                                with bollard

                                                                                                                                        Lane                        Lane

                                                                                                                                         6’        8’               11’

                                                                                                                                                                Pavement Width
                                                                                                                                                                      36’

                                       Sidewalk   Bike                                                  Bike   Sidewalk
                                                  Lane               Lane           Lane                Lane

                                                    6’     5’         11’            11’           5’    6’
                  Alternative A

                                                                       Pavement Width
                                                                            44’

Section 2: On-Road Facilities                                                                                                                                                21
Two-way Protected Bicycle
     Lane & Sidewalk

                                                                       Two-way protected
                                                                        bicycle lanes are
                                                                       best located along
                                                                         roadways with
                                                                        few driveways or
                                                                       intersections, and
                                                                        are often located
                                                                       adjacent to parks
                                                                         or waterfronts.

                                                                       Typically, a two-way               ≥3’ 12’
                                                                         protected bicycle
                                                                        lane should be 12’
                                                                       wide, though it can
                                                                       be a minimum of 8’
                                                                       wide in constrained
                                                                      locations. The buffer
                                                                       protecting bicyclists
                                                                        from motor vehicle
     Example of a two-way protected bicycle lane in Hoboken, NJ.
                                                                          traffic should be
                                                                          at least 3’ wide.

                                                                 Dashed markings can
                                                              extend through intersections
                                                                  to reinforce the travel
                                                                 alignment of bicyclists.

             The bike box at this one-way protected bicycle lane
         enables bicyclists to position themselves in front of motor
           vehicle traffic at a stop signal. This enables bicyclists
          to clear the intersection and enter the adjacent two-way
         protected bicycle lane ahead of motor vehicle traffic flow.

22                                                                                             Camden GreenWay Design Guide
TWO-WAY PROTECTED BICYCLE LANE & SIDEWALK
DEFINITION
A two-way protected bicycle lane is a facility for the exclusive use of bicyclists that combines the
elements of an on-road bike lane and a separated path. These facilities allow bicycle movement in
both directions, but on one side of the road. A protected bicycle lane offers the benefits of being part
of the roadway with the safety and comfort of physically separated from motorized vehicles.
Sidewalks are dedicated pedestrian travel ways that are constructed adjacent to roadways.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Generally, protected bicycle lanes provide physical separation of bicyclists from motorized vehicles
and may be designed for roadways with speed limits >50 MPH and traffic volumes >15,000 AADT (as
well as all lower speed limits and volumes).
Two-way protected bicycle lanes are desirable on streets with few conflicts, such as driveways or cross-
streets on one side of the street (a condition often found along the borders of large properties, such             A “DO NOT ENTER” sign (MUTCD
                                                                                                                      R5-1) with “EXCEPT BIKES”
as parks, or along rivers), or on one-way streets where there is a need or desire for contra-flow travel.            plaque shall be posted along
BENEFITS                                                                                                              a two-way protected bicycle
                                                                                                                       lane to only permit use by
Dedicates and protects space for bicyclists; attractive to bicyclists of all ages and abilities.                      bicycles. (Source: NACTO).
Eliminates risk and fear of collisions with over-taking vehicles.
Reduces risk of ‘dooring’ compared to a conventional bike lane.
Physically prevents double parking.
CONSIDERATIONS
Require maintenance and upkeep — snow removal and street sweeping may need special equipment.
The minimum desired width for the two-way bicycle lane is 12’ (or 6’ per direction) and this can be
reduced to 8’ (4’ per direction) in constrained locations.
The minimum desired width for the physical separation area is 3’. Different approaches can be
employed to physical separation, such as striping and bollards, car parking, or raised curbs.
Require considerations at crossings of driveways and minor intersections.
Special consideration should be given at transit stops to manage bicycle & pedestrian interactions.
Cost can vary greatly based on the components that provide physical separation (some of which may
require drainage modifications).
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS
Two-way protected bicycle lanes with striped buffer areas do not disrupt drainage and are compatible
with all types of green infrastructure interventions.
Two-way protected bicycle lanes with constructed buffer areas can change existing roadway drainage
and create opportunities to reduce impervious surface, increase street trees and vegetation, and
employ plater boxes, bioswales, or similar solutions that keep runoff out of centralized stormwater
management facilities.
 Sample cross-section for Two-way Protected Bicycle Lane
 & Sidewalk (created with Streetmix.net)

                   Sidewalk                          Traffic          Traffic      Parking                Two-way       Sidewalk
                                                                                               Buffer

                                                      Lane             Lane         Lane                 Protected
                                                                                                        Bicycle Lane
                                                                                                             12’

                                                                    Pavement Width
                                                                         54’

Section 2: On-Road Facilities                                                                                                                       23
Advisory Bicycle Lane &
     Sidewalk
                                                                            Bicyclists
                                                                          travel in the
                                                                          appropriate
                                                                         direction and
                                                                           stay within
                                                                          the dashed
                                                                         bicycle lane.
                                                                                                   ±26’
                                                                                                 ROADWAY
                                                                                                  WIDTH

                                                                                           5’     MIN. 16’   5’
     Example of dashed bicycle lanes in Minneapolis, MN (Image credit:
     bikewalktwincities.org)

                                                                         Motor vehicles
                                                                           travel within
                                                                             the center
                                                                         space between
                                                                            the dashed
                                                                          bicycle lanes.

     Example of dashed bicycle lanes in the Netherlands.

                                        Dashed markings can
                                     extend through intersections
                                         to reinforce the travel
                                        alignment of bicyclists.

24                                                                                              Camden GreenWay Design Guide
ADVISORY BICYCLE LANE & SIDEWALK
DEFINITION
On roadways that are too narrow to accommodate standard-width travel lanes for motor vehicles and
conventional bicycle lanes, a dashed bicycle lane offers an alternative to shared lane markings and
defines a lateral area in the roadway in which bicyclists are expected to operate.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Where the lateral width of the roadway prevents the installation of conventional bicycle lanes and
standard width travel lanes for motor vehicles.
As an alternative to shared lane markings.
On streets with or without on-street parking.
                                                                                                                   The bike lane sign (R3-17) can
Traffic volume is less than 6,000 AADT.                                                                              be used in conjunction with
Minimum lateral width of center space between dashed bicycle lanes is 16 feet.                                      stiped bicycle lane facilities,
                                                                                                                  installed at the beginning, end,
Roadway does not convey a large volume of truck or bus traffic (and is not a designated truck or bus               and at periodic intervals along
route) .                                                                                                           the length of the facility based
                                                                                                                      on engineering judgment.
BENEFITS
Striping offers visual separation and reminds people that the road is a shared space.
Motorists tend to travel slower due to friction created with oncoming vehicles.
Reduce motorists encroaching on bicyclists.                                                                                          6’ - 0”

CONSIDERATIONS
Advisory bicycle lanes are currently classified as experimental by the Federal Highway Administration.
They are considered a new application that will improve road user safety or operation, but are not                                   6’ - 0”
currently compliant with or included in the MUTCD. Requests for experimentation should originate
with the state or local roadway agency responsible for the setting in which the experiment will take
place. Request for experimentation must be sent to the Federal Highway Administration for approval.
A viable option when the roadway is too narrow for conventional bicycle lanes.                                                       6’ - 0”

Unfamiliarity with the facility can lead to confusion.
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS
Advisory bicycle lanes are a painted application to roadways that do not disrupt existing drainage              Typical dimensions of the Helmet
configurations. As such, they are compatible with a number of green infrastructure interventions, such          Bicyclist Symbol (Source: MUTCD)
                                                                                                                These markings should be placed
as pervious paving (at select locations), street trees, stormwater tree trenches, and planters.                    at the beginning of a bicycle
                                                                                                                  lane and at periodic intervals
                                                                                                                   along the bicycle lane based
                                                                                                                    on engineering judgment.

  Sample cross-section for Advisory Bicycle Lane & Sidewalk (created with Streetmix.net)

                                   Sidewalk       Parking    Bike                           Bike   Parking   Sidewalk
                                                   Lane      Lane       Lane         Lane   Lane    Lane

                                                      7’       4’        8’            8’    4’      7’

                                                                         Pavement Width
                                                                              38’

Section 2: On-Road Facilities                                                                                                                         25
Bicycle Boulevard &
     Sidewalk

     Bicycle boulevards include elements of route identification,
     speed control, and traffic volume control. (Source: NACTO)

                                                                                           Traffic calming
                                                                                       interventions, such
                                                                                          as the chicanes
                                                                                       shown here, can be
                                                                                         employed to slow
                                                                                       down motor vehicle
                                                                                       traffic and reinforce
                                                                                     the priority for bicyclist
                                                                                      movement along the
                                                                                      route. Interventions
                                                                                      such as chicanes or
                                                                                     curb extensions create
                                                                                     opportunities to employ
                                                                                        green stormwater
                                                                                           management.

                                                                                         A bicycle boulevard
                                                                                        is often a route that
                                                                                       will traverse multiple
                                                                                         roadways to form a
                                                                                      network. The network
                                                                                       is visually reinforced
                                                                                           with signs and
     Example of a Bicycle Boulevard in Ocean City, NJ (Image                           pavement markings.
     credit: NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center).

                                                                     Bicycle route guide signs can be
                                                                    provided along bicycle boulevards
                                                                      to provide information on route
                                                                    direction, distance, or destination.

26                                                                                                                Camden GreenWay Design Guide
BICYCLE BOULEVARD & SIDEWALK
DEFINITION
A bicycle boulevard is a low-volume and low-speed street that has been optimized for bicycle travel
through treatments such as traffic calming, signage and pavement markings, and intersection crossing
treatments. These treatments prioritize travel and safety for bicyclists and pedestrians, maintain
access to local destinations for motor vehicles, but discourage high volume and high speed motor
vehicle traffic.
                                                                                                                      D11-1
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Best suited for two-lane residential streets without a center line where vehicle traffic can be restricted
to low volumes and slow speeds.
Ideally they are parallel to major streets and provide an alternative without lengthy deviation.
                                                                                                                      D1-2c
Can vary greatly in design elements but primary characteristics include low motor vehicle volumes,
continuous routes that are well marked and signed, provide convenient access to destinations,
minimal bicyclist delay, and comfortable and safe crossings for cyclists at intersections
BENEFITS                                                                                                             D10-1a
Create an attractive, convenient, and comfortable environment for bicyclists of all ages and skill levels.
Can be accomplished with minor changes to street configuration.
Slower vehicle speeds accomplished with traffic-calming measures reduce risk of serious collisions.
Since they are shared facilities, no additional street width is needed.
Can be combined with neighborhood greening efforts to enhance street closures and traffic circles
                                                                                                                Guide signs and plaques
with trees and landscaping
                                                                                                               for bicycle facilities should
CONSIDERATIONS                                                                                                  be installed along bicycle
Access to property, impact on traffic patterns, enforcement issues with motorcycles and mopeds, and           boulevards to help bicyclists
                                                                                                                with wayfinding. This type
emergency response                                                                                             of signage can incorporate
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS                                                                                   local naming and branding
                                                                                                              to help establish an identify
Bicycle boulevards principally consist of signing and striping, but can include traffic calming                 for the bicycle boulevard.
interventions, such as chicanes, that are an opportunity to install green infrastructure interventions
such as pervious paving (at select locations), street trees, stormwater tree trenches, and planters.

 Sample cross-section for Bicycle Boulevard & Sidewalk (created with Streetmix.net)

                                          Sidewalk    Parking            Bicycle       Parking     Sidewalk
                                                       Lane             Boulevard       Lane

                                                         7’                 16’           7’

                                                                     Pavement Width
                                                                          30’

Section 2: On-Road Facilities                                                                                                                  27
This page intentionally left blank.
3   OFF-ROAD
    FACILITIES

                 29
Shared Use Path

                                                                                A shared use path
                                                                              can leave the roadway
                                                                                                                              10 - 14’ OPERATING
                                                                              right-of-way to provide       2’ CLEAR
      Shared use path adjacent to Baldwin’s Run                                                                                      WIDTH
                                                                             a route for pedestrians,
                                                                               bicyclists, and other                              2’ CLEAR
                                                                            non-motorized users that
                                                                            is free of motor vehicles,
                                                                             except at intersections.

                                                                                                                       Lighting, plantings,
                                                                                                                         and furnishings
                                                                                                                       are amenities that
                                                                                                                        can enhance the
                                                                                                                        visual appeal and
                                                                                                                       functionality of the
                                                                                                                        shared use path.
      Shared use path adjacent to Baldwin’s Run

      A shared use path may cross a roadway at a mid-block location. Care should
         be taken to design a mid-block crossing that is safe for pedestrians and
        bicyclists, and includes elements such as appropriate signage, crosswalk
         striping, stop bars for motor vehicles, a refuge island, rectangular rapid
            flash beacons, and/or a pedestrian hybrid beacon (HAWK signal).

30                                                                                                       Camden GreenWay Design Guide
SHARED USE PATH
DEFINITION
Shared use paths are travel ways that are physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic and
provide travel accommodation for bicyclists, pedestrians, inline and roller skaters, skateboarders,
and kick scooter users. A shared use path may operate within a roadway right-of-way or within an
independent right-of-way.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Physically separated from roadway or off-road.
10’ is the recommended minimum width for a two-way, shared use path on a separate right-of-way.
2’ of graded area should be maintained adjacent to both sides of the path and 3’ of clear distance             The R5-3 sign can be
                                                                                                             installed at the entrance
should be maintained between the edge of the trail and lateral obstructions, such as sign posts.
                                                                                                               to a shared use path.
Shared use paths fall under the accessibility requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
BENEFITS
Completely separated from motorized vehicular traffic.
Shared use paths that provide different lanes for users who travel at different speeds prevent conflicts
between travel modes.
Can provide shortcuts for non-motorized travelers.
Create a facility for bicycle and pedestrian travel with few roadway intersections.
Appealing to users of all ages and abilities.
CONSIDERATIONS
Rarely the most direct means of transportation.
May require acquisition of right-of-way.                                                                      The R9-7 sign can be
                                                                                                              used to supplement a
Though they attract a variety of non-motorized users, those users may have conflicting needs.                white line striped on the
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS                                                                               pathway surface to separate
                                                                                                             different types of users,
Shared use paths are an excellent opportunity to use permeable pavements to reduce stormwater
runoff and facilitate infiltration.

 Sample cross-section for Shared Use Path (created with Streetmix.net)
                                                                 Clear Zone

                                                                                       Clear Zone

                                                                              Shared
                                                                               Use
                                                                               Path

                                                                  2’            12’      2’

Section 3: Off-Road Facilities                                                                                                           31
Side Path
                                                                                                                      The opposite side of the
                                                                                                                      road from the side path
                                                                                                                       may not include bicycle
                                                                                                                          and/or pedestrian
                                                                                                                        infrastructure due to
                                                                                                                          a lack of need (i.e.
                                                                                                                         the side path meets
                                                                                                                        all required needs) or
                                                                                                                      incompatible land uses.

     Existing side path at Harrison Ave and Lois Ave

                                                                                                 10 - 14’
                                                                                                OPERATING
                                                           A side path is based                   WIDTH
                             Side paths can be                upon the same          2’ CLEAR
                            effectively employed         dimensions of a shared      2’ CLEAR
                            along roadways with          use path, but it follows
                              few intersections           an adjacent roadway,
                                or driveways.               usually within the
                                                            same right-of-way.

                                             At intersections, care should be
                                           taken to design for pedestrians and
                                         bicyclists, and includes elements such
                                            as appropriate signage, crosswalk
                                         striping, stop bars for motor vehicles, a
                                         refuge island, and/or leading intervals
                                          for pedestrian and bicyclist crossing.

32                                                                                                          Camden GreenWay Design Guide
SIDE PATH
DEFINITION
A side path is a specific type of shared use path that runs adjacent to a roadway.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
As a connecting element among other stretches of shared use path.
Where there are no practical alternatives for improving the roadway for bicyclists and the roadway has
high volume or high speed.
Where there are few street or driveway crossings to intersect the side path.                                      The R5-3 sign can be
A typical pathway will follow the guidelines of a shared use path, and thus 10 ft. is the recommended           installed at the entrance
                                                                                                                  to a shared use path.
minimum width for a two-way path.
Without a physical barrier from the roadway, the minimum recommended distance between the
side path and the roadway curb is 5 feet. A physical barrier or railing should be provided where this
minimum distance cannot be achieved.
BENEFITS
Appeal to a wide variety of users.
Provide an element of separation from motorized vehicular traffic.
CONSIDERATIONS
May require acquisition of right-of-way.
Though they attract a variety of non-motorized users, those users may have conflicting needs.
May require maintenance and clearing of snow.
                                                                                                                 The R9-7 sign can be
Existing roadway lighting may need to be improved to provide sufficient lighting for the side path.              used to supplement a
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS                                                                                    white line striped on the
                                                                                                              pathway surface to separate
Side paths are an excellent opportunity to use permeable pavements to reduce stormwater runoff and              different types of users,
facilitate infiltration. They can also incorporate bioswales or stormwater planters in any buffer areas
that may be available between the path and the roadway.

 Sample cross-section for Side Path (created with Streetmix.net)

                         Sidewalk                                  Roadway                       ≥2’       10-14’        ≥2’
                                                                                               Clear      Sidepath      Clear
                                                                                               Zone                     Zone

Section 3: Off-Road Facilities                                                                                                              33
Shared Use Path along
     ‘Soft Edge’ Waterfront

                                                                                                   10 - 14’
                                                                      A Shared Use Path along     OPERATING
                                                                        ‘Soft Edge’ Waterfront      WIDTH
                                                                      is based upon the same                    2’ CLEAR
                                                                       dimensions of a shared                   2’ CLEAR
                                                                       use path, but it follows
                                                                          an adjacent water
                                                                         body or watercourse.

     Existing waterfront soft edge on Park Drive in Pyne Poynt Park

                                                                                                                  Gathering spaces
                                                                                                                 should be provided
                                                                                                                 at points along the
                                                                                                                 pathway to create a
                                                                                                              sense of destination and
                                                                                                                community, enabling
                                                                                                              people to take some time
                                                                                                               to enjoy the waterfront.

                                                                                                           varies

                                                                                                   The distance from the
                                                                                                  shoreline to the edge of
                                                                                                  the path will vary based
                                                                                                  on considerations such
                                                                                                    as slope, flood level,
     Google Earth view at Pyne Poynt Park                                                           soil type, resiliency,
                                                                                                   and ecological impact.

                                            Providing benches,
                                         lighting, and receptacles
                                           will make the pathway
                                             more inviting and
                                             usable for visitors.

34                                                                                                  Camden GreenWay Design Guide
SHARED USE PATH ALONG ‘SOFT EDGE’ WATERFRONT
DEFINITION
A waterfront ‘soft edge’ is a natural or naturalized shoreline that slopes down to meet the adjacent
water body and provides open space, water access, and/or habitat. A shared use path can be
constructed along the shoreline but must be set back in order to preserve the integrity of the
shoreline.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Along shorelines where there is no existing bulkhead or where an existing bulkhead can be removed
and naturalized.
A typical pathway will follow the guidelines of a shared use path, and thus 10 ft. is the recommended
minimum width for a two-way path.
2 ft. of graded area should be maintained adjacent to both sides of the path and 3 ft. of clear distance         The R5-3 sign can be
                                                                                                               installed at the entrance
should be maintained between the edge of the path and lateral obstructions.
                                                                                                                 to a shared use path.
The shoreline edge of the pathway should have a minimum setback of 5’ from the crest of the
shoreline slope as it approaches the water edge. In constrained areas, the shoreline edge of the
pathway may follow, but not exceed, the crest of the slope.

Shared use paths fall under the accessibility requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
BENEFITS
Provide visual and physical access to water bodies.
Can provide a recreational or park-like experience.
Create opportunity for elements such as bench seating, tables, or non-motorized boat access.
Encourage biodiversity and habitat above and below the water line.
CONSIDERATIONS
                                                                                                               The R9-7 sign can be
It may be necessary to provide lighting for safety and so that pathways remain useful to pedestrian            used to supplement a
and bicycle commuters in the winter months.                                                                   white line striped on the
                                                                                                            pathway surface to separate
May require maintenance and clearing of snow.
                                                                                                              different types of users,
May require acquisition of right-of-way or special permitting.
Where space allows, this facility may be split, creating parallel trails to allow separation of users and
an alternative trail experience.
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS
A shared use path along a ‘soft edge’ waterfront is an excellent opportunity to use permeable
pavements to reduce stormwater runoff and facilitate infiltration.

 Sample cross-section for Shared Use Path along ‘Soft
 Edge’ Waterfront (created with Streetmix.net)

                                                           2’         10-14’      2’
                                                                     Pathway
                                                                                Clear Zone
                                                        Clear Zone

Section 3: Off-Road Facilities                                                                                                             35
Shared Use Path along
     ‘Hard Edge’ Waterfront
                                                                                                  ±2’ RAILING ZONE
                                                                                                   2’ CLEAR
                                                                                                  10 - 14’ OPERATING
                                                                                                  WIDTH
                                                                                                   2’ CLEAR

     Existing waterfront hard edge on Delaware River waterfront at Pearl Street

                                                                                                 Gathering spaces
                                                                                                should be provided
                                                                                                at points along the
                                                                                                pathway to create a
                                                                                             sense of destination and
                                                                                               community, enabling
                                                                                             people to take some time
                                                                                              to enjoy the waterfront.

     Existing waterfront hard edge on Delaware River waterfront at Pearl Street

                                                    A Shared Use Path along
                                                     ‘Hard Edge’ Waterfront
                                                        is based upon the
                                                    dimensions of a shared
                                                       use path. Sufficient
                                                     clear zones for vertical
                                                       elements, (railings,
                                                     furnishings, etc.) must
                                                      be integrated into the
                                                       design to provide a
                                                     10-14’ operating width.

                                                        Providing benches,
                                                     lighting, and receptacles
                                                       will make the pathway
                                                         more inviting and
                                                         usable for visitors.

36                                                                                Camden GreenWay Design Guide
SHARED USE PATH ALONG ‘HARD EDGE’ WATERFRONT
DEFINITION
A waterfront ‘hard edge’ is a vertical structure constructed to protect the backshore area from
flooding, high tides, wave action, and/or erosion. Hard edge structures often incorporate docks, slips,
launches, or piers. A shared use path can constructed as part of the hard edge structure.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Along shorelines where there is an vertical structure already constructed.
Along post-industrial shorelines that can be redesigned for transportation and/or recreational use.
                                                                                                                 The R5-3 sign can be
A typical pathway will follow the guidelines of a shared use path, and thus 10 ft. is the recommended          installed at the entrance
minimum width for a two-way path.                                                                                to a shared use path.
An appropriate safety railing must be provided along the water edge.
Shared use paths fall under the accessibility requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
BENEFITS
Promote waterfront access.
Provide an adaptive re-use for inactive industrial areas along the waterfront.
Provide a distinctive connecting pathway among waterfront elements.
CONSIDERATIONS
It may be necessary to provide lighting for safety and so that pathways remain useful to pedestrian
and bicycle commuters in the winter months.
May require maintenance and clearing of snow.                                                               The R9-6 sign can be used
May require acquisition of right-of-way or special permitting.                                              where a bicyclist is required
                                                                                                             to share a facility used by
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS                                                                                pedestrians and is required
A shared use path along a ‘hard edge’ waterfront is an excellent opportunity to use permeable                  to yield to pedestrians.
pavements to reduce stormwater runoff and facilitate infiltration.

 Sample cross-section for Shared Use Path along ‘Hard
 Edge’ Waterfront (created with Streetmix.net)

                                                                    2’          >10’             2’
                                                                              Pathway
                                                                                               Clear Zone
                                                                 Clear Zone

Section 3: Off-Road Facilities                                                                                                              37
Boardwalk

                                                                                           2’ CLEAR
                                                                                          10 - 14’
                                                                                       OPERATING
                                                                                            WIDTH
                                                                                       2’ CLEAR               A boardwalk should
                                                                                                           provide continuity with
                                                                                                           a shared use path (i.e.
                                                                                                            it should allow for the
                                                                                                           same operating width).
                                                                                                            A 2’ clear area should
                                                                                                              be provided on the
                                                                                                           inside of the protective
                                                                                                               rail on each side.

     Existing boardwalk on Harrison Ave northeast of Lois Ave

                                                                 A boardwalk can
                                                                include lighting for
                                                                 nighttime usage.

38                                                                                              Camden GreenWay Design Guide
BOARDWALK
 DEFINITION
 Boardwalks are wooden (or equivalent) walkways that extend over marshy, sandy, or uneven terrain
 and provide continuity between segments of a shared used path where it would be cost-prohibitive or
 ecologically inappropriate to employ paved surfaces at grade.
 TYPICAL APPLICATION
 To link segments of shared use path (paved) or hiking trail (unpaved) over sensitive terrain.
 To extend over marshes or wetlands for wildlife observation.
 The operating width of the boardwalk (the width between protective railings or barriers) should match
 the operating width of the adjacent shared use path, allowing for 2’ of clearance from any protective
 railings or barriers.
 The recommended minimum width for a two-way boardwalk is 12 feet. This dimension provides an            The R9-6 sign can be used
 effective 10’ travel path with clearance from safety railings.                                          where a bicyclist is required
                                                                                                           to yield to pedestrians
 BENEFITS
                                                                                                          when using a boardwalk.
 Enable off-road travel ways to be linked or networked together over unimproved areas.
 Provide an interesting experience by changing the visual perspective of the traveler.
 CONSIDERATIONS
 Must be designed in compliance with ADA.
 Should accommodate two-way travel.
 May require special permitting in sensitive areas.
 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS
 Boardwalks should be designed and constructed with sensitivity to local flora, fauna, and hydrology.

                                                               10 - 14’
                                                              OPERATING
                                           2’ CLEAR             WIDTH              2’ CLEAR
Sample cross-section for Boardwalk

   This example shows a
boardwalk constructed over
 an area with a steep cross
   slope. The boardwalk
    allows bicyclists and
 pedestrians to access the
  area without significant
impact to existing drainage.

 Section 3: Off-Road Facilities                                                                                                          39
Hiking Path
                                                                                                                      A clear zone of 12 - 16’
                                                                                                                        in diameter should
                                                                                                                         be maintained at
                                                                                                                         trail intersections
                                                                                                                          where groups of
                                                                                                                        people may pause.

     Hiking Path at Harrison Ave and N. 31st Street

                                                                                     3’ TREAD WIDTH

                                                                                          6’ CLEAR ZONE

     Hiking Path at Harrison Ave and N. 31st Street

                                                                                                                    A trailhead should
                                                  Recreational and/or                                                be provided with
                                               cultural interest signage                                           appropriate signage
                                                 related to hiking path                                          for route and distance,
                                                type and programming                                              along with amenities
                                               should be placed at trail                                         such as maps, seating,
                                               entrances in accordance                                          receptacles, and lighting.
                                               with MUTCD Chapter 2M.

              A hiking path may cross a roadway at a mid-block location. Care
               should be taken to design a mid-block crossing that is safe for
           pedestrians and bicyclists, and in accordance with MUTCD guidelines,
            includes elements such as appropriate signage, crosswalk striping,
            stop bars for motor vehicles, a refuge island, rectangular rapid flash
                beacons, and/or a pedestrian hybrid beacon (HAWK signal) .

40                                                                                                        Camden GreenWay Design Guide
HIKING PATH
DEFINITION
A hiking path is a trail that accommodates vigorous overland walking through or around outdoor areas
with recreational, scenic, historical, natural, or cultural qualities.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
To provide access to parks, forests, waterfronts, overlooks, historical sites, hydrological features, or
other points of interest.
Single file trails typically maintain a tread width of 2’ within a clear zone that is 4’ wide by 8’ tall.
Double file trails typically maintain a tread width of 3’ within a clear zone that is 6’ wide by 8’ tall.
All trails should be accessible, with slopes ≤5%, cross slopes ≤2%, and accessible surfaces (concrete,
asphalt, compacted stone dust, or compacted dirt).

BENEFITS
Potentially low construction cost.
Provide recreational opportunities that express and interpret local conditions and culture.
Provide opportunities for exercise and fresh air.
CONSIDERATIONS
Trails should support current and future use with minimal impact to natural systems.                        Wayfinding signage gives hiking
Trails should produce negligible soil loss and not affect wildlife.                                            paths a visual identity and
                                                                                                              helps users remain oriented
Pruning or removal of certain plants may be necessary for proper construction and                            to their surroundings. Hiking
maintenance.                                                                                                path trailheads should include
Surface materials vary, and should be maintained to minimize erosion.                                        maps and explain hiking path
                                                                                                            distances, terrain, and blazing.
Trails should be routed to require minimal maintenance.
Trailheads, signage, and blazing should be provided so that hikers remain safely oriented.
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS
Where pavement applications are necessary, permeable pavements should be employed
to reduce stormwater runoff and facilitate infiltration. Hiking paths should also incorporate
sustainable trail construction methods, such as those developed by the International
Mountain Bicycling Association.

 Sample cross-section for Hiking Path (created with Streetmix.net)

                                    3’ Tread Width

                                      6’ Clear Zone

Section 3: Off-Road Facilities                                                                                                                 41
Ramped Staircase

                                                                            Channel for
                                                                           bicycle wheel         A ramped staircase
                                                                                               includes a channel or
                                                                                                 incline surface that
                                                                                               engages a bicycle tire
                                                                             Bicyclist        for travel up or down a
                                                                           passage zone    staircase. The example to
                                                                                            the left shows a concrete
                                                                                           channel integrated into the
                                                                                             design of the staircase.
                                                                              Railing       Steel railings are located
                                                                                                to be useful, comply
                                                                                            with ADA guidelines, and
                                                                                               separate pedestrians
                                                                           Pedestrian          from people handling
                                                                          passage Zone       bicycles. The lack of a
                                                                                           railing around the channel
                                                                                           means that bicycle handle
                                                                                              bars will have nothing
                                                                              Railing             to be hung up on.

     Ramped staircase in concrete that ascends an embankment in
     Seattle, WA. (Image credit: Seattle Department of Transportation).

                                                                             Railing

                                                                                            In this example, a steel
                                                                                            or aluminum channel is
                                                                           Channel for      fixed to the top surface
                                                                          bicycle wheel      of the cheek wall. The
                                                                                             slope of this staircase
                                                                                              has been decreased,
                                                                                            making it easier to climb
                                                                           Cheek wall          while managing the
                                                                                               load of the bicycle.

     Ramped staircase in steel that ascends to the
     George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, NJ.

42                                                                                            Camden GreenWay Design Guide
RAMPED STAIRCASE
DEFINITION
A ramped staircase is an outdoor staircase that incorporates into its design a channel or narrow
incline surface that engages a bicycle tire and allows a bicyclist to dismount and push their bicycle
either up or down the staircase.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Can be applied to all public outdoor staircases
Can be constructed as a component of a new staircases, or retrofitted to an existing staircase
Can be applied to bridges access points and transit facilities
BENEFITS
Help to close gaps in bicycle networks by taking advantage of existing staircase infrastructure
Help improve opportunity for multi-modal trips that combine bicycling and transit use
Help bicyclists negotiate significant grade changes in a direct manner
CONSIDERATIONS
Must be designed in compliance with local building codes
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIONS
Channels and incline surfaces can be constructed with permeable materials to reduce runoff and
avoid creating a “water slide” effect.

                                                                                                         Example of a steel channel
                                                                                                           retrofitted to a wooden
                                                                                                         staircase in Metuchen, NJ.

                                                                                                         In this example, a steel grate
                                                                                                         is used as an incline surface
                                                                                                        upon which bicyclists can push
                                                                                                         their bicycles. The clearance
                                                                                                         are very tight for pedestrians
                                                                                                            who may be traveling in
                                                                                                             the opposite direction.

 Ramped staircase in steel that ascends to the Benjamin Franklin
 Bridge in Camden, NJ. (Image credit: Courier-Post).

Section 3: Off-Road Facilities                                                                                                            43
This page intentionally left blank.
4   SIGNS

            45
Bicycles “May Use Full Lane” Sign

            30”

                              •   On-road application
                              •   Serves to inform and alert motorists that
                                  bicyclists might occupy the travel lane
                     R4-11    •   May be used where no bicycle lanes or
                                  adjacent shoulders useable to bicyclists
                                  are present and travel lanes are too
                                  narrow for bicyclists and motorists to
                                  operate side by side
                              •   May be used in addition to Shared Lane
                                  Markings

                                    For all bicycle signs and warning markers:
                                      Additional guidance is available, and
                                        all applications should conform to:
                                      MUTCD, Chapter 2C and/or Chapter 9
                                       AASHTO Guide for the Development
                                       of Bicycle Facilities, 2012, Chapter
                                              4.11 and/or Chapter 5.4

46                                            Camden GreenWay Design Guide
“Bike Lane” Sign with Options

                    24”
                                                   •   On-road application
                                                   •   Serves to indicate the presence of a bike
                                                       lane as a supplement to on-pavement
                                                       striping and symbols
18”                                R3-17
                                                   •   May be placed at periodic intervals
                                                       along the bike lane (with the interval
                                                       determined by engineering judgement)
                                                   •   When used, should be placed adjacent
                                                       to a bike lane pavement marking (but
                                                       not necessarily adjacent to every bike
                                                       lane pavement making)
                                                   •   The “Ahead” plaque may be used with
                                                       the “Bike Lane” sign in advance of the
                                                       start of a bike lane
                                                   •   The “Ends” plaque may be used with the
                                Options:               “Bike Lane” sign in advance of the end
                                                       of a bike lane, with sufficient notice to
                                R3-17aP                give the bicyclist warning
                                                       • (The “Ends” plaque should NOT be
                          8”                               used when a bike lane changes to an
                                                           unmarked shoulder)
                                                   •   The “No Parking Bike Lane” sign may be
                                             24”
                                                       installed to deter parking, standing, or
                                R3-17bP                stopping in the bike lane

                          8”

                                                          For all bicycle guide
                                             24”            signs: Additional
                                                         guidance is available,
                                                          and all applications
                                                           should conform to:
                                                          MUTCD, Chapter 9B
                                R7-9                     AASHTO Guide for the
                                                        Development of Bicycle
                                                        Facilities, 2012, Chapter
                                                        4.11 and/or Chapter 5.4

                          18”

                                       12”

 Section 4: Signs                                                                                  47
You can also read