Australia Economy Profile - Doing Business 2019

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Australia Economy Profile - Doing Business 2019
Doing Business 2019   Australia

                                  Economy Profile

                                  Australia

                                                    Page 1
Australia Economy Profile - Doing Business 2019
Doing Business 2019       Australia

                                              Economy Profile of Australia

                                            Doing Business 2019 Indicators
                                       (in order of appearance in the document)

Starting a business                   Procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital to start a limited liability company

Dealing with construction permits     Procedures, time and cost to complete all formalities to build a warehouse and the quality
                                      control and safety mechanisms in the construction permitting system

Getting electricity                   Procedures, time and cost to get connected to the electrical grid, and the reliability of the
                                      electricity supply and the transparency of tariffs

Registering property                  Procedures, time and cost to transfer a property and the quality of the land administration
                                      system

Getting credit                        Movable collateral laws and credit information systems

Protecting minority investors         Minority shareholders’ rights in related-party transactions and in corporate governance

Paying taxes                          Payments, time, total tax and contribution rate for a firm to comply with all tax regulations as
                                      well as post-filing processes

Trading across borders                Time and cost to export the product of comparative advantage and import auto parts

Enforcing contracts                   Time and cost to resolve a commercial dispute and the quality of judicial processes

Resolving insolvency                  Time, cost, outcome and recovery rate for a commercial insolvency and the strength of the
                                      legal framework for insolvency

Labor market regulation               Flexibility in employment regulation and aspects of job quality

                                                                                                                                         Page 2
Doing Business 2019           Australia

About Doing Business

The Doing Business project provides objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies and selected
cities at the subnational and regional level.

The Doing Business project, launched in 2002, looks at domestic small and medium-size companies and measures the regulations applying
to them through their life cycle.

Doing Business captures several important dimensions of the regulatory environment as it applies to local firms. It provides quantitative
indicators on regulation for starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit,
protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. Doing Business also
measures features of labor market regulation. Although Doing Business does not present rankings of economies on the labor market
regulation indicators or include the topic in the aggregate ease of doing business score or ranking on the ease of doing business, it does
present the data for these indicators.

By gathering and analyzing comprehensive quantitative data to compare business regulation environments across economies and over time,
Doing Business encourages economies to compete towards more efficient regulation; offers measurable benchmarks for reform; and serves
as a resource for academics, journalists, private sector researchers and others interested in the business climate of each economy.

In addition, Doing Business offers detailed subnational reports, which exhaustively cover business regulation and reform in different cities and
regions within a nation. These reports provide data on the ease of doing business, rank each location, and recommend reforms to improve
performance in each of the indicator areas. Selected cities can compare their business regulations with other cities in the economy or region
and with the 190 economies that Doing Business has ranked.

The first Doing Business report, published in 2003, covered 5 indicator sets and 133 economies. This year’s report covers 11 indicator sets
and 190 economies. Most indicator sets refer to a case scenario in the largest business city of each economy, except for 11 economies that
have a population of more than 100 million as of 2013 (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the
Russian Federation and the United States) where Doing Business also collected data for the second largest business city. The data for these
11 economies are a population-weighted average for the 2 largest business cities. The project has benefited from feedback from
governments, academics, practitioners and reviewers. The initial goal remains: to provide an objective basis for understanding and improving
the regulatory environment for business around the world.

More about Doing Business (PDF, 5MB)

                                                                                                                                                   Page 3
Doing Business 2019               Australia

         Ease of Doing Business in
                                                Region                 OECD high income                                      DB 2019 Rank
                                                                                                             190                                        1
               Australia
                                                Income Category        High income                                                                 18
                                                                                                                      DB 2019 Ease of doing business score
                                                Population             24,598,933
                                                                                                              0                                100

                                                City Covered           Sydney                                                                  80.13

                                                             DB 2019 Ease of Doing Business Score

                       0                                                                                                              100
                                                                                                                      86.59: New Zealand (Rank: 1)

                                                                                                                82.75: United States (Rank: 8)

                                                                                                             80.13: Australia (Rank: 18)

                                                                                                            79.26: Canada (Rank: 22)

                                                                                                           77.80: Regional Average (OECD high income)

                                                                                                         75.65: Japan (Rank: 39)

Note: The ease of doing business score captures the gap of each economy from the best regulatory performance observed on each of the indicators across all economies
in the Doing Business sample since 2005. An economy’s ease of doing business score is reflected on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the lowest and 100
represents the best performance. The ease of doing business ranking ranges from 1 to 190.

Rankings on Doing Business topics - Australia

                 7                                                                8                                                            5
          1                     9
                                                                                                                                                               20
                                                                                                              26
         28
                                                52              50
         55                                                                                    64

         82
 Rank

                                                                                                                             103
        109

        136

        163

        190

              Starting       Dealing         Getting         Registering        Getting     Protecting      Paying         Trading          Enforcing        Resolving
                 a            with          Electricity       Property          Credit       Minority       Taxes          across           Contracts       Insolvency
              Business     Construction                                                     Investors                      Borders
                             Permits

Ease of Doing Business Score on Doing Business topics - Australia

        100    96.47
                                                                                90.00
                              84.59                                                                          85.64
                                             82.31
                                                                                                                                              79.00           78.87
        80                                                     74.09
                                                                                                                             70.30

                                                                                              60.00
Score

        60

        40

        20

         0

              Starting       Dealing         Getting         Registering        Getting     Protecting       Paying         Trading         Enforcing        Resolving
                 a            with          Electricity       Property          Credit       Minority        Taxes          across          Contracts       Insolvency
              Business     Construction                                                     Investors                       Borders
                             Permits

                                                                                                                                                                         Page 4
Doing Business 2019           Australia

     Starting a Business

This topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum capital requirement for a small- to medium-sized limited
liability company to start up and formally operate in each economy’s largest business city.

To make the data comparable across 190 economies, Doing Business uses a standardized business that is 100% domestically owned, has
start-up capital equivalent to 10 times the income per capita, engages in general industrial or commercial activities and employs between 10
and 50 people one month after the commencement of operations, all of whom are domestic nationals. Starting a Business considers two
types of local limited liability companies that are identical in all aspects, except that one company is owned by 5 married women and the
other by 5 married men. The ranking of economies on the ease of starting a business is determined by sorting their scores for starting a
business. These scores are the simple average of the scores for each of the component indicators.

The most recent round of data collection for the project was completed in May 2018. See the methodology for more information.

 What the indicators measure                              Case study assumptions

Procedures to legally start and formally operate        To make the data comparable across economies, several assumptions about the
a company (number)                                      business and the procedures are used. It is assumed that any required information is
                                                        readily available and that the entrepreneur will pay no bribes.
• Preregistration (for example, name verification or
  reservation, notarization)                            The business:
• Registration in the economy’s largest business        - Is a limited liability company (or its legal equivalent). If there is more than one type
  city
                                                        of limited liability company in the economy, the most common among domestic firms
• Postregistration (for example, social security        is chosen. Information on the most common form is obtained from incorporation
  registration, company seal)                           lawyers or the statistical office.
                                                        - Operates in the economy’s largest business city. For 11 economies the data are
• Obtaining approval from spouse to start a             also collected for the second largest business city.
  business or to leave the home to register the
                                                        - The entire office space is approximately 929 square meters (10,000 square feet).
  company
                                                        - Is 100% domestically owned and has five owners, none of whom is a legal entity;
• Obtaining any gender specific document for            has a start-up capital of 10 times income per capita and has a turnover of at least
  company registration and operation or national        100 times income per capita.
  identification card                                   - Performs general industrial or commercial activities, such as the production or sale
                                                        of goods or services to the public. The business does not perform foreign trade
Time required to complete each procedure
                                                        activities and does not handle products subject to a special tax regime, for example,
(calendar days)
                                                        liquor or tobacco. It does not use heavily polluting production processes.
• Does not include time spent gathering                 - Leases the commercial plant or offices and is not a proprietor of real estate and the
  information                                           amount of the annual lease for the office space is equivalent to the income per
                                                        capita.
• Each procedure starts on a separate day (2            - Does not qualify for investment incentives or any special benefits.
  procedures cannot start on the same day)
                                                        - Has at least 10 and up to 50 employees one month after the commencement of
• Procedures fully completed online are recorded        operations, all of whom are domestic nationals.
  as ½ day                                              - Has a company deed that is 10 pages long.
• Procedure is considered completed once final          The owners:
  document is received
                                                        - Have reached the legal age of majority. If there is no legal age of majority, they are
• No prior contact with officials                       assumed to be 30 years old.
Cost required to complete each procedure (% of          - Are sane, competent, in good health and have no criminal record.
income per capita)                                      - Are married and the marriage is monogamous and registered with the authorities.
                                                        - Where the answer differs according to the legal system applicable to the woman or
• Official costs only, no bribes                        man in question (as may be the case in economies where there is legal plurality), the
• No professional fees unless services required by      answer used will be the one that applies to the majority of the population.
  law or commonly used in practice

Paid-in minimum capital (% of income per
capita)

• Funds deposited in a bank or with third party
  before registration or up to 3 months after
  incorporation

                                                                                                                                                     Page 5
Doing Business 2019         Australia

Starting a Business - Australia

  Standardized Company

 Legal form                                                             Proprietary Company (Pty Ltd)

 Paid-in minimum capital requirement                                    AUD 0

 City Covered                                                           Sydney

  Indicator                                                     Australia              OECD high                 Best Regulatory
                                                                                       income                    Performance

 Procedure – Men (number)                                       3                      4.9                      1 (New Zealand)

 Time – Men (days)                                              2.5                    9.3                      0.5 (New Zealand)

 Cost – Men (% of income per capita)                            0.7                    3.1                      0.0 (Slovenia)

 Procedure – Women (number)                                     3                      4.9                      1 (New Zealand)

 Time – Women (days)                                            2.5                    9.3                      0.5 (New Zealand)

 Cost – Women (% of income per capita)                          0.7                    3.1                      0.0 (Slovenia)

 Paid-in min. capital (% of income per capita)                  0.0                    8.6                      0.0 (117 Economies)

 Figure – Starting a Business in Australia and comparator economies – Ranking and Score

                                                    DB 2019 Starting a Business Score

       0                                                                                          100

                                                                                              99.98: New Zealand (Rank: 1)

                                                                                             98.23: Canada (Rank: 3)

                                                                                         96.47: Australia (Rank: 7)

                                                                                     91.23: United States (Rank: 53)

                                                                                     91.19: Regional Average (OECD high income)

                                                                                 86.10: Japan (Rank: 93)

Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of starting a business is determined by sorting their scores for starting a business. These scores
are the simple average of the scores for each of the component indicators.

                                                                                                                                                Page 6
Doing Business 2019       Australia

  Figure – Starting a Business in Australia – Procedure, Time and Cost

                                                   Time (days)        Cost (% of income per capita)
               2.5                                                                                                                      0.8

                                                                                                                                        0.7

                                                                                                                                              Cost (% of income per capita)
                2
                                                                                                                                        0.6
 Time (days)

                                                                                                                                        0.5
               1.5

                                                                                                                                        0.4

                1
                                                                                                                                        0.3

                                                                                                                                        0.2
               0.5
                                                                                                                                        0.1

                0                                                                                                                       0
                               1                                      2                                          3
                                                              Procedures (number)

* This symbol is shown beside procedure numbers that take place simultaneously with the previous procedure.

Note: Online procedures account for 0.5 days in the total time calculation. For economies that have a different procedure list for men and
women, the graph shows the time for women. For more information on methodology, see the Doing Business website
(http://doingbusiness.org/en/methodology). For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary below.

                                                                                                                                                                              Page 7
Doing Business 2019        Australia

Details – Starting a Business in Australia – Procedure, Time and Cost

No.    Procedures                                                                           Time to Complete     Associated Costs

1     Complete and lodge ASIC Form 201 “Application for Registration as an                  1 day                AUD 479
      Australian Company"; Obtain a certificate of incorporation and an
      Australian company number (ACN)
      Agency : Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)
      To register a Pty Ltd company, the applicant must complete and submit an ASIC
      Form 201 (""Application for Registration as an Australian Company"") and pay
      the prescribed fee.

      Any person to be appointed as a director or secretary of the company must have
      consented in writing to that appointment. Similarly, each shareholder of the
      company must have consented to become a shareholder.

      At least 1 director (and, if the company has appointed secretaries, at least 1
      secretary) must ordinarily reside in Australia. The registered office of the
      company must be an address in Australia.

      The company may adopt its own constitution or rely upon the Replaceable Rules
      in the Corporations Act 2001.

      Prior to lodging the application for registration, the applicant should confirm the
      availability of the proposed company name. If no name is specified, the company
      will simply be referred to by its Australian Company Number (""ACN"").

      Upon incorporation, ASIC will issue to the company a certificate of incorporation,
      which evidenced that the company has been incorporated on and from the date
      of issue.

2     Register for ABN with the Australian Taxation Office (ATO)                            Less than one day    no charge
      Agency : Australian Taxation Office                                                   (online procedure)
      This procedure is required under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 and the
      New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act of 1999.

      Depending on the company's circumstances and location, it must comply with
      different taxation requirements:

      - If the annual company turnover is AUD$75,000 or more, the company must
      register for Goods and Services Tax (GST) by obtaining an 11-digit Australian
      Business Number (ABN). The annual company turnover represents its gross
      business income (not its profit). Companies with lower annual turnover may also
      choose to register for the Goods and Services Tax.

      - The application to ABN can be submitted electronically at the Business Entry
      Point, www.abr.gov.au. If the electronic submission is successful, the applicant
      will be provided with an ABN at the end of the Internet session. Alternatively, a
      hard copy application may be submitted to the ATO. The ATO will then mail the
      ABN within 28 days of receiving the application. A public officer must be
      appointed upon registration, to deal with the company's tax affairs.

      -The company must deduct taxes from employee pay, provide payment
      summaries, contribute to employee superannuation and report and issue
      payments to the ATO. Companies may also register for Pay As You Go (PAYG)
      at www.abr.gov.au. Otherwise, they may register with the ATO by postal mail or
      phone or through a tax agent. State and territory taxes (e.g., stamp duty, payroll
      tax, and land tax) may also be imposed, with requirements differing according to
      company location.

      - Companies with annual turnover of AUD$75,000 or more must register for an
      ABN. Failure to do so will result in GST being levied on all company sales since
      the required date of registration even if the sale price of any goods or services
      has not been grossed up to include the tax. Furthermore, the company may incur
      penalties and interest charges for any overdue payments.

      - Further information in connection with ABN, GST and PAYG registration may
      be found on the ATO website (www.ato.gov.au).

3     Sign up for Worker Compensation Insurance at an insurance agency                      1 day                no charge
      Agency : Workers Compensation Insurance
      The Workers Compensation Act of 1987 and the Workplace Injury Management
      and Workers Compensation Act of 1998 state that the worker compensation
      insurance is a compulsory requirement for employers in Australia. The premium
      rate is based on description of the company’s main business.

Takes place simultaneously with previous procedure.

                                                                                                                                    Page 8
Doing Business 2019              Australia

     Dealing with Construction Permits

This topic tracks the procedures, time and cost to build a warehouse—including obtaining necessary the licenses and permits, submitting all
required notifications, requesting and receiving all necessary inspections and obtaining utility connections. In addition, the Dealing with
Construction Permits indicator measures the building quality control index, evaluating the quality of building regulations, the strength of
quality control and safety mechanisms, liability and insurance regimes, and professional certification requirements. The most recent round of
data collection was completed in May 2018. See the methodology for more information

 What the indicators measure                              Case study assumptions

Procedures to legally build a warehouse                 To make the data comparable across economies, several assumptions about the
(number)                                                construction company, the warehouse project and the utility connections are used.

• Submitting all relevant documents and obtaining       The construction company (BuildCo):
  all necessary clearances, licenses, permits and
  certificates                                          - Is a limited liability company (or its legal equivalent) and operates in the economy’s
                                                        largest business city. For 11 economies the data are also collected for the second
• Submitting all required notifications and receiving   largest business city.
  all necessary inspections
                                                        - Is 100% domestically and privately owned; has five owners, none of whom is a
• Obtaining utility connections for water and           legal entity. Has a licensed architect and a licensed engineer, both registered with
  sewerage                                              the local association of architects or engineers. BuildCo is not assumed to have any
                                                        other employees who are technical or licensed experts, such as geological or
• Registering and selling the warehouse after its
                                                        topographical experts.
  completion
                                                        - Owns the land on which the warehouse will be built and will sell the warehouse
Time required to complete each procedure                upon its completion.
(calendar days)
                                                        The warehouse:
• Does not include time spent gathering
                                                        - Will be used for general storage activities, such as storage of books or stationery.
  information
                                                        - Will have two stories, both above ground, with a total constructed area of
• Each procedure starts on a separate day—              approximately 1,300.6 square meters (14,000 square feet). Each floor will be 3
  though procedures that can be fully completed         meters (9 feet, 10 inches) high and will be located on a land plot of approximately
  online are an exception to this rule                  929 square meters (10,000 square feet) that is 100% owned by BuildCo, and the
• Procedure is considered completed once final          warehouse is valued at 50 times income per capita.
  document is received                                  - Will have complete architectural and technical plans prepared by a licensed
                                                        architect. If preparation of the plans requires such steps as obtaining further
• No prior contact with officials                       documentation or getting prior approvals from external agencies, these are counted
                                                        as procedures.
Cost required to complete each procedure (% of
                                                        - Will take 30 weeks to construct (excluding all delays due to administrative and
income per capita)
                                                        regulatory requirements).
• Official costs only, no bribes
                                                        The water and sewerage connections:
Building quality control index (0-15)
                                                        - Will be 150 meters (492 feet) from the existing water source and sewer tap. If there
• Quality of building regulations (0-2)                 is no water delivery infrastructure in the economy, a borehole will be dug. If there is
                                                        no sewerage infrastructure, a septic tank in the smallest size available will be
• Quality control before construction (0-1)
                                                        installed or built.
• Quality control during construction (0-3)             - Will have an average water use of 662 liters (175 gallons) a day and an average
• Quality control after construction (0-3)              wastewater flow of 568 liters (150 gallons) a day. Will have a peak water use of
                                                        1,325 liters (350 gallons) a day and a peak wastewater flow of 1,136 liters (300
• Liability and insurance regimes (0-2)                 gallons) a day.
• Professional certifications (0-4)                     - Will have a constant level of water demand and wastewater flow throughout the
                                                        year; will be 1 inch in diameter for the water connection and 4 inches in diameter for
                                                        the sewerage connection.

                                                                                                                                                   Page 9
Doing Business 2019      Australia

Dealing with Construction Permits - Australia

       Standardized Warehouse

    Estimated value of warehouse                                             AUD 3,470,682.70

    City Covered                                                             Sydney

       Indicator                                                  Australia                  OECD high                Best Regulatory
                                                                                             income                   Performance

    Procedures (number)                                           11                        12.7                      None in 2017/18

    Time (days)                                                   121                       153.1                     None in 2017/18

    Cost (% of warehouse value)                                   0.7                       1.5                       None in 2017/18

    Building quality control index (0-15)                         14.0                      11.5                      15.0 (3 Economies)

  Figure – Dealing with Construction Permits in Australia and comparator economies – Ranking and Score

                                              DB 2019 Dealing with Construction Permits Score

                     0                                                                                 100

                                                                                       86.40: New Zealand (Rank: 6)

                                                                                      84.59: Australia (Rank: 9)

                                                                               77.88: United States (Rank: 26)

                                                                             75.41: Regional Average (OECD high income)

                                                                             74.95: Japan (Rank: 44)

                                                                         72.98: Canada (Rank: 63)

Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of dealing with construction permits is determined by sorting their scores for dealing with
construction permits. These scores are the simple average of the scores for each of the component indicators.

  Figure – Dealing with Construction Permits in Australia – Procedure, Time and Cost

                                                    Time (days)          Cost (% of warehouse value)
               120                                                                                                                         0.4

                                                                                                                                           0.35
                                                                                                                                                  Cost (% of warehouse value)
               100
                                                                                                                                           0.3

               80
 Time (days)

                                                                                                                                           0.25

               60                                                                                                                          0.2

                                                                                                                                           0.15
               40
                                                                                                                                           0.1

               20
                                                                                                                                           0.05

                0                                                                                                                          0
                         1   *2        3       4           5             6            7            8         9           10         11
                                                               Procedures (number)

* This symbol is shown beside procedure numbers that take place simultaneously with the previous procedure.

Note: Online procedures account for 0.5 days in the total time calculation. For economies that have a different procedure list for men and
women, the graph shows the time for women. For more information on methodology, see the Doing Business website
(http://doingbusiness.org/en/methodology). For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary below.

                                                                                                                                                                                Page 10
Doing Business 2019                      Australia

Figure – Dealing with Construction Permits in Australia and comparator economies – Measure of Quality

                                                                                                     15.0
              15               14.0                   14.0

                                                                             11.0                                         11.2                 11.5
Index score
              10

                  5

                  0

                             Australia              Canada                  Japan                New Zealand           United States      OECD high income

Details – Dealing with Construction Permits in Australia – Procedure, Time and Cost

  No.                 Procedures                                                                               Time to Complete        Associated Costs

1                     Obtain a Site Survey/Analysis Plan                                                       21 days                 AUD 4,000
                      Agency : Private surveyor
                      One of the mandatory requirement to obtain a building permit is to submit a Site
                      Survey/Analysis Plan .

              2       Verify if a development application is required                                          1 day                   no charge
                      Agency : Local Council
                      It is the responsibility of the applicant to contact a planner at the nearest Council
                      Location before preparing a Development Application (DA), to check:
                      * whether the proposed development is permissible;
                      * whether a DA is required; and
                      * how the City's planning instruments - plans, codes and policies - affect the
                      proposed development.

                      BuildCo should ensure that the relevant planning controls have been identified
                      and satisfied.

                      There are a range of planning instruments that apply to various types of
                      development and locations within Sydney.

                      Most environmental and planning law in Australia varies from one Australian
                      state to another. In Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, development will
                      generally be assessed under one of the regimes in the Environmental Planning
                      and Assessment Act 1979 (Planning Act).

                      The warehouse to be constructed by BuildCo is most likely to fall under Part 4 of
                      the Planning Act and will most likely require development consent from the
                      relevant local council. The Planning Act provides that, for certain types of
                      development, the concurrence of an authority other than the consent authority
                      must be obtained. The conditions for approval of development assessed under
                      Part 4 may also require the developer to obtain further certificates or approvals.
                      These will add cost and time.

                      The council's local environment plan (LEP) usually identifies whether
                      development consent is required. The LEP categorizes development as requiring
                      consent, not requiring consent, or prohibited. In most cases, the zoning of the
                      site determines the types of development permitted on the land. Note that the
                      construction of a warehouse is a type of development that almost always
                      requires consent. If the development requires development consent, the local
                      council will usually be the consent authority. However, in some cases, another
                      authority (such as a State minister) may be the consent authority.

                                                                                                                                                             Page 11
Doing Business 2019         Australia

3    File development application with consent authority                                     49 days   AUD 6,708
     Agency : Local Council
     It is a legal requirement to submit digital copies of plans and the following
     supporting documentation
     - A4 plan for notification purposes (3 copies)
     - Survey plan (7 copies + 3 A4 copies)
     - Site plan (7 copies + 3 A4 copies)
     - Floor plan (existing and proposed), elevation plan, section plan, shadow
     diagrams, subdivision plan, landscaping plan (7 copies + 3 A4 copies each)
     - Model
     - Computer model
     - Efficient use of resources commitment table (7 copies)
     - green star rating
     - Basix certiciate (2 copies)
     - Design excellence map
     - Exceptions to development standards (if applicable - 7 copies each)
     - Statement of environmental effects (7 copies including 1 unbound copy)
     - Erosion and sediment control plan (7 copies)
     - Stormwater managemenet plan (7 copies)
     - Waste management plan (7 copies including 1 unbound copy),

     If the assessment is satisfactory, the consent authority will grant BuildCo
     development consent, which may be subject to conditions. The Development
     Application will be advertised for approximately 21 days to give the surrounding
     neighbors the opportunity to contest the planned development in that area. Once
     the advertising period is over, it will typically take 6 weeks for the development
     certificate to be issued.

4    Apply for a construction certificate                                                    21 days   AUD 11,716
     Agency : Sydney City Council
     After a Development Consent has been issued by the Local Council and before
     any building work is carried out, the owner must apply for and obtain a
     Construction Certificate. This certificate states that building work may commence
     on an approved development, and complies with the terms of the Development
     Consent and the Building Code of Australia. Construction Certificates are either
     issued by Council, or independent accredited certifiers (PCA - Principle Certifying
     Authorities). A Construction Certificate cannot be issued without obtaining prior
     development consent for that development.
     Items required include:
     - Development consent compliance statement (5 copies)
     - Plans (5 copies)
     - Colored plans (5 copies)
     - Survey plans (5 copies)
     - Site plan (5 copies)
     - Floor plan (5 copies)
     - Elevation plan (5 copies)
     - Section plan (5 copies)
     - Specifications (2 copies)
     - Fire safety measures schedule (5 copies)
     - Home Building Act requirements

     The PCA will also provide a list of mandatory inspections that need to be carried.

5    Apply for approval of building/development plans by Sydney Water Quick                  1 day     AUD 66
     Check Agent
     Agency : Sydney Water
     Before any construction work can be done, BuildCo must request connection and
     building plan approvals, service plans and diagrams online using Sydney Water
     Tap In website or by visiting the Sydney Water Quick Check Agent to verify that
     the proposed building work will not affect a Sydney Water asset (water supply
     pipe and/or drainage pipe).

     The documents that must be provided are:
     • A full set of building plans
     • A site plan to a recognized scale (e.g. 1:500) that shows the full site and the
     relationship of the proposed building works to the full site (the location on the lot
     where the building works will take place must be clearly identified) or submit
     dimensions using the online tool of the Sydney Water Tap In website

6    Notify Hill Shire City Council of Commencement of work and appoint Hill                 1 day     no charge
     Shire City Council as PCA
     Agency : Hill Shire City Council
     The builder will submit a “Notice of Commencement of Building or Subdivision
     Work” form and Appointment of Council as Principal Certifying Authority under
     Sections 81A(2)(b)(i),(c), or (4)(b)(i),(c), 86(1)and (2) and 109E of the
     Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979.

     This form is submitted only when the City of Sydney is retained as the Principal
     Certifying Authority (PCA).

                                                                                                                    Page 12
Doing Business 2019         Australia

7    Receive the commencement of building work inspection                                   1 day     AUD 270
     Agency : Hill Shire City Council
     Once a PCA is appointed, it is his responsibility to provide to the applicant a list
     of the mandatory critical stage inspections (in accordance to Clause 162A of the
     Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000) and any other
     inspections (determined by the PCA) that will be required during construction of
     the building. The builder needs to be aware of these inspections as they need to
     be carried out at the appropriate time. It is the responsibility of the builder to
     contact the PCA at least 48 hours before an inspection is required.

     Inspections during construction ensure that the construction is consistent with
     what has been approved in the development consent and construction certificate,
     and that the building will meet acceptable standards of health, safety and
     amenity.

     Mandatory critical stage inspections are set according to the building class. For
     the case study of Doing Business, the warehouse is a class 7 building.

     In the case of a class 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 building, the building work on the
     development site must be inspected:
     • At the commencement of building work
     • Prior to covering any storm water drainage connections
     • After the building work has been completed and prior to any occupation
     certificate can be issued in relation to the building

     The cost of inspection when Sydney City Council is the PCA is AUD 309.00 per
     inspection including 10% GST. However, Doing Business does not include GST
     in its calculation.

8    Receive inspection prior to covering any stormwater drainage connections               1 day     AUD 270
     Agency : Hill Shire City Council
     A second mandatory inspection prior to covering any storm water drainage
     connections is conducted by the PCA to ensure compliance with the Construction
     Certificate.

9    Request and receive connection to water and sewage services                            10 days   AUD 1,347
     Agency : Sydney Water
     To receive a connection to water and sewage services, BuildCo must first select
     a water-servicing coordinator. The coordinator requests a Section 73 Compliance
     Certificate (for water and sewerage infrastructure) from Sydney Water on
     BuildCo’s behalf. Sydney Water issues a notice of requirements to the
     coordinator within 10 days of application receipt (or longer if the development is
     complex). The notice specifies charges to be paid and the project to be built. If
     construction is required, certification will depend on the time required for the
     project to be built and taken over by Sydney Water. BuildCo pays the fees, builds
     the project, and receives the certificate.

     Fee schedule for water and sewage connection:
     • Water (including works): Up to AUD 1215.00
     • Sewage (assuming that infrastructure exists): AUD 132.00

10   Request the occupation certificate                                                     1 day     no charge
     Agency : Hill Shire City Council
     The authority that has approved the development may monitor the finished
     development to ensure compliance with laws and local planning policies. If the
     development does not comply with the development consent, the applicant can
     be fined (with a penalty notice), ordered to make changes to the development, or
     taken to the Land and Environment Court of New South Wales. The court may
     issue orders to remedy or restrain breaches of the development consent (e.g.
     orders to carry out works, cease certain uses of the premises, or remove the
     development). In addition, breaches of planning laws may be criminal offences.

     New South Wales planning legislation allows any person to bring an action to
     remedy or restrain a breach of development consent. Thus, in theory, any person
     may commence proceedings to enforce compliance with the law (a) if a relevant
     approval (such as a development consent or construction certificate) has not
     been obtained where required; or (b) if there has been non-compliance with the
     conditions of a relevant approval.

                                                                                                                  Page 13
Doing Business 2019           Australia

11    Receive final inspection by PCA and obtain the final occupation certificate               15 days   AUD 535
      (OC)
      Agency : Hill Shire City Council
      An occupation certificate is issued by the appointed Principal Certifying Authority
      (PCA) under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 allowing a
      building to be used and occupied.

      This certificate verifies that the PCA is satisfied that the building is suitable to be
      occupied and used according to the requirements of the Building Code of
      Australia (BCA). That Code sets required standards for the design and
      construction of various classes of building to protect health, safety and amenity.

      There are two types of occupation certificates:
      • A final occupation certificate allows commencement of either the occupation or
      use of a new building (including alterations or extensions), or the new use of an
      existing building resulting from a change of its use
      • An interim occupation certificate allows the commencement of either the
      occupation or use of partially completed building, or of a new use of part of an
      existing building resulting from a change of use for the building

      An occupation certificate is required for any new building work or change of use
      of a building that has a development consent or a complying development
      certificate under the EP&A Act.

Takes place simultaneously with previous procedure.

                                                                                                                    Page 14
Doing Business 2019         Australia

Details – Dealing with Construction Permits in Australia – Measure of Quality

                                                                                                      Answer               Score

Building quality control index (0-15)                                                                                      14.0

Quality of building regulations index (0-2)                                                                                2.0

  How accessible are building laws and regulations in your economy? (0-1)                             Available online;    1.0
                                                                                                      Free of charge.

  Which requirements for obtaining a building permit are clearly specified in the building            List of required     1.0
  regulations or on any accessible website, brochure or pamphlet? (0-1)                               documents; Fees
                                                                                                      to be paid;
                                                                                                      Required
                                                                                                      preapprovals.

Quality control before construction index (0-1)                                                                            1.0

  Which third-party entities are required by law to verify that the building plans are in             Licensed             1.0
  compliance with existing building regulations? (0-1)                                                architect;
                                                                                                      Licensed
                                                                                                      engineer; Private
                                                                                                      firm.

Quality control during construction index (0-3)                                                                            3.0

  What types of inspections (if any) are required by law to be carried out during construction?       Inspections by       2.0
  (0-2)                                                                                               external engineer
                                                                                                      or firm;
                                                                                                      Inspections at
                                                                                                      various phases;
                                                                                                      Risk-based
                                                                                                      inspections.

  Do legally mandated inspections occur in practice during construction? (0-1)                        Mandatory            1.0
                                                                                                      inspections are
                                                                                                      always done in
                                                                                                      practice.

Quality control after construction index (0-3)                                                                             3.0

  Is there a final inspection required by law to verify that the building was built in accordance     Yes, external        2.0
  with the approved plans and regulations? (0-2)                                                      engineer submits
                                                                                                      report for final
                                                                                                      inspection.

  Do legally mandated final inspections occur in practice? (0-1)                                      Final inspection     1.0
                                                                                                      always occurs in
                                                                                                      practice.

Liability and insurance regimes index (0-2)                                                                                1.0

  Which parties (if any) are held liable by law for structural flaws or problems in the building      Architect or         1.0
  once it is in use (Latent Defect Liability or Decennial Liability)? (0-1)                           engineer;
                                                                                                      Construction
                                                                                                      company.

  Which parties (if any) are required by law to obtain an insurance policy to cover possible          No party is          0.0
  structural flaws or problems in the building once it is in use (Latent Defect Liability Insurance   required by law
  or Decennial Insurance)? (0-1)                                                                      to obtain
                                                                                                      insurance .

Professional certifications index (0-4)                                                                                    4.0

  What are the qualification requirements for the professional responsible for verifying that the     Minimum number       2.0
  architectural plans or drawings are in compliance with existing building regulations? (0-2)         of years of
                                                                                                      experience;
                                                                                                      University degree
                                                                                                      in architecture or
                                                                                                      engineering;
                                                                                                      Being a
                                                                                                      registered
                                                                                                      architect or
                                                                                                      engineer;
                                                                                                      Passing a
                                                                                                      certification
                                                                                                      exam.

                                                                                                                                   Page 15
Doing Business 2019        Australia

 What are the qualification requirements for the professional who supervises the construction   Minimum number      2.0
 on the ground? (0-2)                                                                           of years of
                                                                                                experience;
                                                                                                University degree
                                                                                                in engineering,
                                                                                                construction or
                                                                                                construction
                                                                                                management;
                                                                                                Being a
                                                                                                registered
                                                                                                architect or
                                                                                                engineer.

                                                                                                                          Page 16
Doing Business 2019              Australia

     Getting Electricity

This topic measures the procedures, time and cost required for a business to obtain a permanent electricity connection for a newly
constructed warehouse. Additionally, the reliability of supply and transparency of tariffs index measures reliability of supply, transparency of
tariffs and the price of electricity. The most recent round of data collection for the project was completed in May 2018. See the methodology
for more information.

 What the indicators measure                                Case study assumptions

Procedures to obtain an electricity connection             To make the data comparable across economies, several assumptions about the
(number)                                                   warehouse, the electricity connection and the monthly consumption are used.

• Submitting all relevant documents and obtaining          The warehouse:
  all necessary clearances and permits
                                                           - Is owned by a local entrepreneur and is used for storage of goods.
• Completing all required notifications and                - Is located in the economy’s largest business city. For 11 economies the data are
  receiving all necessary inspections
                                                           also collected for the second largest business city.
• Obtaining external installation works and possibly       - Is located in an area where similar warehouses are typically located and is in an
  purchasing material for these works                      area with no physical constraints. For example, the property is not near a railway.
                                                           - Is a new construction and is being connected to electricity for the first time.
• Concluding any necessary supply contract and             - Has two stories with a total surface area of approximately 1,300.6 square meters
  obtaining final supply
                                                           (14,000 square feet). The plot of land on which it is built is 929 square meters
Time required to complete each procedure                   (10,000 square feet).
(calendar days)
                                                           The electricity connection:
• Is at least 1 calendar day
                                                           - Is a permanent one with a three-phase, four-wire Y connection with a subscribed
• Each procedure starts on a separate day                  capacity of 140-kilo-volt-ampere (kVA) with a power factor of 1, when 1 kVA = 1
                                                           kilowatt (kW).
• Does not include time spent gathering
  information                                              - Has a length of 150 meters. The connection is to either the low- or medium-voltage
                                                           distribution network and is either overhead or underground, whichever is more
• Reflects the time spent in practice, with little         common in the area where the warehouse is located and requires works that involve
  follow-up and no prior contact with officials            the crossing of a 10-meter road (such as by excavation or overhead lines) but are all
                                                           carried out on public land. There is no crossing of other owners’ private property
Cost required to complete each procedure (% of
                                                           because the warehouse has access to a road.
income per capita)
                                                           - Does not require work to install the internal wiring of the warehouse. This has
• Official costs only, no bribes                           already been completed up to and including the customer’s service panel or
                                                           switchboard and the meter base.
• Value added tax excluded
The reliability of supply and transparency of              The monthly consumption:
tariffs index (0-8)
                                                           - It is assumed that the warehouse operates 30 days a month from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00
• Duration and frequency of power outages (0–3)            p.m. (8 hours a day), with equipment utilized at 80% of capacity on average and that
                                                           there are no electricity cuts (assumed for simplicity reasons) and the monthly energy
• Tools to monitor power outages (0–1)                     consumption is 26,880 kilowatt-hours (kWh); hourly consumption is 112 kWh.
• Tools to restore power supply (0–1)                      - If multiple electricity suppliers exist, the warehouse is served by the cheapest
                                                           supplier.
• Regulatory monitoring of utilities’ performance
  (0–1)                                                    - Tariffs effective in January of the current year are used for calculation of the price of
                                                           electricity for the warehouse. Although January has 31 days, for calculation
• Financial deterrents limiting outages (0–1)              purposes only 30 days are used.
• Transparency and accessibility of tariffs (0–1)
Price of electricity (cents per kilowatt-hour)*

• Price based on monthly bill for commercial
  warehouse in case study

*Note: Doing Business measures the price of
electricity, but it is not included in the ease of doing
business score nor the ranking on the ease of
getting electricity.

                                                                                                                                                         Page 17
Doing Business 2019           Australia

Getting Electricity - Australia

  Standardized Connection

 Price of electricity (US cents per kWh)                                  23.1

 Name of utility                                                          Ausgrid

 City Covered                                                             Sydney

  Indicator                                                       Australia                 OECD high              Best Regulatory
                                                                                            income                 Performance

 Procedures (number)                                              5                       4.5                      3 (25 Economies)

 Time (days)                                                      75                      77.2                     18 (3 Economies)

 Cost (% of income per capita)                                    12.5                    64.2                     0.0 (3 Economies)

 Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index (0-8)     7                       7.5                      8.0 (27 Economies)

 Figure – Getting Electricity in Australia and comparator economies – Ranking and Score

                                                        DB 2019 Getting Electricity Score

        0                                                                                           100

                                                                                       89.88: Japan (Rank: 22)

                                                                                    85.47: Regional Average (OECD high income)

                                                                                  83.98: New Zealand (Rank: 45)

                                                                                 82.31: Australia (Rank: 52)

                                                                                 82.15: United States (Rank: 54)

                                                                 63.78: Canada (Rank: 121)

Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of getting electricity is determined by sorting their scores for getting electricity. These scores are
the simple average of the scores for all the component indicators except the price of electricity.

                                                                                                                                                    Page 18
Doing Business 2019        Australia

  Figure – Getting Electricity in Australia – Procedure, Time and Cost

                                                      Time (days)     Cost (% of income per capita)
                                                                                                                                         8
                   70
                                                                                                                                         7

                                                                                                                                             Cost (% of income per capita)
                   60
                                                                                                                                         6

                   50
 Time (days)

                                                                                                                                         5

                   40
                                                                                                                                         4

                   30
                                                                                                                                         3

                   20                                                                                                                    2

                   10                                                                                                                    1

                   0                                                                                                                     0
                               1                  2                    3                         4                        5
                                                                Procedures (number)

* This symbol is shown beside procedure numbers that take place simultaneously with the previous procedure.

Note: Online procedures account for 0.5 days in the total time calculation. For economies that have a different procedure list for men and
women, the graph shows the time for women. For more information on methodology, see the Doing Business website
(http://doingbusiness.org/en/methodology). For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary below.

  Figure – Getting Electricity in Australia and comparator economies – Measure of Quality

                                                                8
                   8                                                                                                            7.5
                           7                                                          7                   7.2
                   7
                                            6
                   6
     Index score

                   5
                   4
                   3
                   2
                   1
                   0

                        Australia        Canada               Japan             New Zealand           United States       OECD high income

                                                                                                                                                                             Page 19
Doing Business 2019          Australia

Details – Getting Electricity in Australia – Procedure, Time and Cost

No.    Procedures                                                                                 Time to Complete   Associated Costs

1     Submit application to Ausgrid, receive job number and estimate and make                     52 calendar days   AUD 275
      payment
      Agency : Ausgrid
      The connection application can be obtained and submitted via website, email or
      fax. The majority of interaction by contractors and service providers is
      undertaken via email or the website. Premises Connection Requirements are
      detailed in the "ES1" document. This document also includes an application for
      CT metering for use where required.

      There is a range of information required on the connection application form
      relating to details of the connection customer, the intended load to be connected,
      the intended point of connection and details of the electrical contractor /
      customer's representative.

      Ausgrid will assess the electrical load to be connected. In this instance, a load
      above 100Amps per phase connected directly to the street network, Ausgrid will
      issue a "Basic Connection Offer - over 100Amps" (a connection contract) within
      10 business days which details the conditions under which Ausgrid will permit the
      connection and the range of Ausgrid fees that are likely to apply associated with
      making the connection. The connection applicant has 45 business days to accept
      the connection offer.

      Once the connection offer is accepted (includes acceptance of Ausgrid gees),
      Ausgrid will provided a "Job Number" which enables the Accredited Service
      Provider (ASP) to obtain an energy meter from Ausgrid. An NMI number
      (National Market Identifier) will also be provided for use by the applicant when
      entering into a contract with an energy retailer for the supply of electricity. It is not
      normally advisable to commence work until the connection offer has been issued
      / accepted and job number / NMI issued.

2     Hire accredited service provider to carry out external works                                11 calendar days   AUD 5,152.9
      Agency : Accredited Service Provider
      The customer engages a private Accredited Service Provider (ASP). The ASP
      does all the connection works from the network to the point of attachment to the
      premises (consumer's terminals), including installing the energy meter. Once
      completed, the ASP submits a Notification of Service Work (NOSW) detailing the
      connection works undertaken.

3     Submit CT Metering form to utility                                                          1 calendar day     AUD 0
      Agency : Ausgrid
      Service requiring metering of supplies above 100amps needs to submit the CT
      Metering Application form prior to energizing any new services.
      The form is used to capture data that is unique to the CT installation site such as
      • the retailer
      • customer’s details
      • electrical contractor
      • metering provider
      • ALL existing metering to be removed
      As the information must be confirmed prior to the energisation of the site and
      may take up to ten days to process, to avoid delay, it is suggested that the details
      in CT Metering Application form be submitted as soon as possible.
      Prior submission of a completed CT Metering form is necessary to enable
      energisation of the installation.

4     Submit CCEW to Ausgrid so they can undertake an audit inspection of                         7 calendar days    AUD 0
      electrical installation.
      Agency : Ausgrid
      The Electrical Contractor undertaking the electrical installation work associated
      with the premises submits a Certificate of Compliance Electrical Work (CCEW) to
      the electricity utility once the work is completed. The utility will undertake an audit
      inspection of electrical installation.

5     Obtain meter installation by meter provider and receive electricity flow                    4 calendar days    AUD 3,221
      Agency : Meter provider
      The customer requests Ausgrid (or an Accredited Service Provider) to install the
      meter. Meter may be installed at the same time than the internal/external
      installation inspection (but not necessarily). At the completion of the installation
      inspection the service is energized and electricity starts flowing.

Takes place simultaneously with previous procedure.

                                                                                                                                        Page 20
Doing Business 2019           Australia

 Details – Getting Electricity in Australia – Measure of Quality

                                                                                                                           Answer

 Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index (0-8)                                                              7

 Total duration and frequency of outages per customer a year (0-3)                                                         2

    System average interruption duration index (SAIDI)                                                                     1.2

    System average interruption frequency index (SAIFI)                                                                    0.6

    What is the minimum outage time (in minutes) that the utility considers for the calculation of SAIDI/SAIFI             1.0

 Mechanisms for monitoring outages (0-1)                                                                                   1

    Does the distribution utility use automated tools to monitor outages?                                                  Yes

 Mechanisms for restoring service (0-1)                                                                                    1

    Does the distribution utility use automated tools to restore service?                                                  Yes

 Regulatory monitoring (0-1)                                                                                               1

    Does a regulator—that is, an entity separate from the utility—monitor the utility’s performance on reliability of      Yes
    supply?

 Financial deterrents aimed at limiting outages (0-1)                                                                      1

    Does the utility either pay compensation to customers or face fines by the regulator (or both) if outages              Yes
    exceed a certain cap?

 Communication of tariffs and tariff changes (0-1)                                                                         1

    Are effective tariffs available online?                                                                                Yes

    Link to the website, if available online                                                                               https://www.originen
                                                                                                                           ergy.com.au/content/
                                                                                                                           dam/origin/business/
                                                                                                                           Documents/energy-
                                                                                                                           price-fact-
                                                                                                                           sheets/nsw/1July201
                                                                                                                           7/NSW_Electricity_S
                                                                                                                           mall%20Business_A
                                                                                                                           usGrid_Standard%2
                                                                                                                           0Published%20Rate.
                                                                                                                           PDF

    Are customers notified of a change in tariff ahead of the billing cycle?                                               Yes

Note:

If the duration and frequency of outages is 100 or less, the economy is eligible to score on the Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff
index.

If the duration and frequency of outages is not available, or is over 100, the economy is not eligible to score on the index.

If the minimum outage time considered for SAIDI/SAIFI is over 5 minutes, the economy is not eligible to score on the index.

                                                                                                                                                    Page 21
Doing Business 2019           Australia

     Registering Property

This topic examines the steps, time and cost involved in registering property, assuming a standardized case of an entrepreneur who wants to
purchase land and a building that is already registered and free of title dispute. In addition, the topic also measures the quality of the land
administration system in each economy. The quality of land administration index has five dimensions: reliability of infrastructure, transparency
of information, geographic coverage, land dispute resolution, and equal access to property rights. The most recent round of data collection for
the project was completed in May 2018. See the methodology for more information.

 What the indicators measure                               Case study assumptions

Procedures to legally transfer title on                  To make the data comparable across economies, several assumptions about the
immovable property (number)                              parties to the transaction, the property and the procedures are used.

• Preregistration procedures (for example,               The parties (buyer and seller):
  checking for liens, notarizing sales agreement,
  paying property transfer taxes)                        - Are limited liability companies (or the legal equivalent).
                                                         - Are located in the periurban area of the economy’s largest business city. For 11
• Registration procedures in the economy's largest       economies the data are also collected for the second largest business city.
  business city.
                                                         - Are 100% domestically and privately owned.
• Postregistration procedures (for example, filling      - Have 50 employees each, all of whom are nationals.
  title with municipality)                               - Perform general commercial activities.

Time required to complete each procedure                 The property (fully owned by the seller):
(calendar days)
                                                         - Has a value of 50 times income per capita, which equals the sale price.
• Does not include time spent gathering                  - Is fully owned by the seller.
  information                                            - Has no mortgages attached and has been under the same ownership for the past
                                                         10 years.
• Each procedure starts on a separate day -
                                                         - Is registered in the land registry or cadastre, or both, and is free of title disputes.
  though procedures that can be fully completed
  online are an exception to this rule                   - Is located in a periurban commercial zone, and no rezoning is required.
                                                         - Consists of land and a building. The land area is 557.4 square meters (6,000
• Procedure is considered completed once final           square feet). A two-story warehouse of 929 square meters (10,000 square feet) is
  document is received                                   located on the land. The warehouse is 10 years old, is in good condition, has no
• No prior contact with officials                        heating system and complies with all safety standards, building codes and legal
                                                         requirements. The property, consisting of land and building, will be transferred in its
Cost required to complete each procedure (% of           entirety.
property value)                                          - Will not be subject to renovations or additional construction following the purchase.
                                                         - Has no trees, natural water sources, natural reserves or historical monuments of
• Official costs only (such as administrative fees,      any kind.
  duties and taxes).
                                                         - Will not be used for special purposes, and no special permits, such as for
• Value Added Tax, Capital Gains Tax and illicit         residential use, industrial plants, waste storage or certain types of agricultural
  payments are excluded                                  activities, are required.
                                                         - Has no occupants, and no other party holds a legal interest in it.
Quality of land administration index (0-30)

• Reliability of infrastructure index (0-8)
• Transparency of information index (0–6)
• Geographic coverage index (0–8)
• Land dispute resolution index (0–8)
• Equal access to property rights index (-2–0)

                                                                                                                                                     Page 22
Doing Business 2019      Australia

Registering Property - Australia

       Indicator                                                    Australia               OECD high             Best Regulatory
                                                                                            income                Performance

    Procedures (number)                                         5                          4.7                    1 (4 Economies)

    Time (days)                                                 4.5                        20.1                   1 (New Zealand)

    Cost (% of property value)                                  5.3                        4.2                    0.0 (Saudi Arabia)

    Quality of the land administration index (0-30)             20.0                       23.0                   None in 2017/18

  Figure – Registering Property in Australia and comparator economies – Ranking and Score

                                                      DB 2019 Registering Property Score

                     0                                                                               100

                                                                                            94.89: New Zealand (Rank: 1)

                                                                                79.31: Canada (Rank: 34)

                                                                             77.17: Regional Average (OECD high income)

                                                                             76.87: United States (Rank: 38)

                                                                          74.21: Japan (Rank: 48)

                                                                          74.09: Australia (Rank: 50)

Note: The ranking of economies on the ease of registering property is determined by sorting their scores for registering property. These
scores are the simple average of the scores for each of the component indicators.

  Figure – Registering Property in Australia – Procedure, Time and Cost

                                                      Time (days)        Cost (% of property value)
               4.5                                                                                                                         6

                4
                                                                                                                                           5

                                                                                                                                               Cost (% of property value)
               3.5

                3                                                                                                                          4
 Time (days)

               2.5
                                                                                                                                           3
                2

               1.5                                                                                                                         2

                1
                                                                                                                                           1
               0.5

                0                                                                                                                          0
                         1                      *2                      *3                          4                        5
                                                               Procedures (number)

* This symbol is shown beside procedure numbers that take place simultaneously with the previous procedure.

Note: Online procedures account for 0.5 days in the total time calculation. For economies that have a different procedure list for men and
women, the graph shows the time for women. For more information on methodology, see the Doing Business website
(http://doingbusiness.org/en/methodology). For details on the procedures reflected here, see the summary below.

                                                                                                                                                                            Page 23
Doing Business 2019                      Australia

Figure – Registering Property in Australia and comparator economies – Measure of Quality

              30
                                                                                                    26.5
                                                                             24.8
              25                                                                                                                                  23.0
                                                      21.5
Index score                    20.0
              20                                                                                                           17.6

              15

              10

                  5

                  0

                             Australia              Canada                  Japan                New Zealand            United States      OECD high income

Details – Registering Property in Australia – Procedure, Time and Cost

  No.                 Procedures                                                                               Time to Complete         Associated Costs

1                     File for a zoning certificate from the Municipal Council                                 2 days                   AUD 53
                      Agency : Municipal Council (City of Sydney)
                      The seller is responsible for obtaining a Zoning Certificate from the Municipal
                      Council. This document must be attached to the Contract for Sale (prescribed
                      documents). A Building Certificate can also be obtained from the Municipal
                      Council, but it is not mandatory. Certain municipal councils now process
                      applications through the internet and deliver Zoning Certificates electronically. In
                      the case of Sidney, it is possible to request a certificate online at
                      https://online.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/Certificates, and it is possible to receive it
                      by email.

              2       File for a drainage diagram from the local water authority                               1 day                    AUD 27.41
                      Agency : Local water authority (Sydney Water)
                      The seller is responsible for obtaining a Drainage Diagram from the water
                      authority. This document must be attached to the contract for sale (prescribed
                      documents). This document can be obtained online at
                      http://www.sydneywater.com.au/tapin/index.htm

              3       File for a title search certificate, land tax certificate, deposited plans,              Less than one day,       AUD 40.7; (AUD
                      easements and covenants recorded on the title from the Land and Property                 online                   40.7: AUD 12.70 for
                      Information Department                                                                                            online title search,
                      Agency : NSW Land Registry Services (Concessionary for Office of the Registrar
                                                                                                                                        land tax certificate,
                      General)
                                                                                                                                        online plans,
                      The seller is responsible for obtaining a title search, plans (known as Deposited
                      Plans), easements and covenants recorded on title from the NSW Land Registry                                      easements and
                      Services, according to by law, the Conveyancing Act 1919 and the Conveyancing                                     covenants; AUD 28
                      (Sale of Land) Regulation 2005. These documents must be attached to the sale                                      Broker agent fee.)
                      contract (prescribed documents); failure to do so may entitle the purchaser to
                      rescind the contract. If the seller is doing the process online, then the seller must
                      hire an approved information broker and pay a broker fee.

                      The NSW Land Registry Services has a network of approved information brokers
                      that can be used to file a title search certificate, land tax certificate, deposited
                      plans, easements and covenants recorded on the title. Using an information
                      broker is the only way a person can complete this process online

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