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ENVIR NURTURE
Volume 1 IssueAn e-Newsletter
1 (Jan – March) of CPCB Alumni Association (CPCBAA)
March, 2020
Volume 1 Issue 1 (Jan – March) March, 2020
ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
Dear Readers,
We welcome you to Enviro-Nurture e-Newsletter, a publication from Central Pollution Control Board Alumni Association (CPCBAA).
This e-Newsletter will be a quarterly publication starting from Ist quarter (Jan –March) of this year. The newsletter will provide
information on various environmental matters, policies and actions to safeguard the environment. The e-newsletter will be theme
based, subject specific, focusing on multi-dimensions of the chosen subject. The theme based newsletters will provide
comprehensive views on chosen subject, making it a valuable source of information
The newsletter’s objectives are to learn, educate and enlighten readers on the matters concerning Environment aiming for its
safeguard. The subscription to the newsletter is free and open. You are invited to subscribe to the newsletter by sending an email to
or by mailing a letter.
This is the 1st Volume and 1st Issue of this newsletter with the theme of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their role in Environmental
pollution abatement. We hope that readers will find this edition of the Newsletter comprehensive on the subject. We look forward to
your feedback and comments. We will also seek your support and cooperation in disseminating the newsletter to all interested
audience.
Disclaimer :
Every effort is made to provide accurate and complete information in Enviro-Nurture Newsletter. However, CPCBAA cannot
guarantee that there will be no errors. CPCBAA make no claims, promises or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or
adequacy of the contents of the newsletter and expressly disclaims liability for errors and omissions in the contents of this newsletter.
Neither does CPCBAA assume any legal liability for any direct, indirect or any other loss or damage of any kind for the accuracy,
completeness, or usefulness of any information, product, or process disclosed herein, and do not represent that use of such
information, product, would not infringe on privately owned rights.
- Editorial Committee
From Editor-in-Chief’s Desk
India’s E-Journey
Mobility ecosystem is vast, wherein India has marked its milestones from time to time in various
th th
segments of the industry. The country is recognized as 4 largest automobile market, 4 largest car
manufacturer, largest three wheeler manufacturer and seventh largest commercial vehicle
manufacturer in the world. Any strategy or the policies that bring change in this mobility system
should aim to sustain and improve its current position.
In context to E-vehicles, E denotes Electric, Eco-friendly, Efficient and Emissions null in the mobility
ecosystem. Globally, E-vehicles has been driven in the auto industry with sales crossing 2 million
units in the year 2018. More than 70% of Electric vehicle (EVs) sales worldwide in the year 2018
were in US, Japan, and China. The vehicle manufacturers such as Tesla, Nissan, BMW, BYD, and
Volkswagen are auto giants specialized in different segments of the E mobility system. There‘s
abuzz in India since past few years that, country is set to transform into an EV nation, joining the
race with other leading countries. Air quality issues have provided enough propelling force for the E
drive, government policies are further providing acceleration, and technological advancements are in
fast development process to hit the roadblocks. With this E-mobility is expanding at rapid pace in the
country.
China is considered as global leader in the electric auto industry. As far as sales of EVs.is
concerned, 45% of vehicles population, EVs were on road in China in the year 2018. The country
has more than 100 electric-car makers, the batteries which take the lion‘s share in cost of the EVs
and key for mass adoption.
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ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1 China makes more than 50% of total production of electric vehicle batteries presently. Chinese government had spent nearly $60 billion (INR 44000 crores) in last decade towards developing EVs and has mandated certain percentage of EVs sales to auto makers of their total sales. Investment by Chinese government in the sector is unparalleled not only by India even by any other large economies. On the other hand, India has registered 230 million motor vehicles up to year 2016 with more than 60,000 petrol & diesel fuel stations. The annual vehicle production is 30 million, of which EVs sales accounted to about 7 lakh units in the year 2018. The country is yet to have maiden indigenous lithium-ion battery manufacturing unit. With factors such as limited range of EVs availability, driving conditions and traffic conditions which are poor in the country, play a major role for its sustained growth. Transition of on-road vehicles to EVs and annual EVs penetration of at least up to 30% is going to be government‘s ambitious boost to EVs. Through which, conducive environment for accelerated growth of EVs is being created It is imperative that along with EVs boost, other related issues such as eco-friendly fuel alternatives, smart traffic management solutions, improved driving conditions; safety all together should also be addressed for success of this mobility ecosystem. This present edition of ENVIRO-NURTURE drives you to the prospects of e - mobility in India. Enjoy the drive or ride, which you choose to take……! Linear Sources of Environment Pollution - Conventional Petrol / Diesel driven Vehicles Rapid urbanization and tremendous growth of motor vehicles are imposing serious effect on human life and its environment in recent years. The vehicular population have even proliferated in all major cities particularly the metro cities in the country. The growth rate of vehicles though is the backbone of economic development and the Indian automotive industry (the second faster growing in the world), but the environmental consequences of these vehicles have reached to alarming proportions. Exposure to toxic vehicular pollution has worsened in the country due to staggering pace of motorisation, with the number of registered vehicles sharply going up. The vehicles are emerging as a major linear source of pollutants and consequent health exposure in various cities. The other factors of vehicular pollution in the urban areas are vehicular density, poor fuel quality, old vehicles, inadequate maintenance, congested traffic, poor road conditions and old automotive technologies and traffic management system
ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1 Most of the cities in the country in present time are being suffered by extremely high level of urban air pollution particularly in the form of various primary air pollutants such as CO, SO2 , NO2 , SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) and RSPM (Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter) as well as secondary air pollutants such as ozone, PAHs, PANs and other hazardous air pollutants. Exhaust from vehicles has been recognized as major source of air pollution in urban areas. The on-going congestion on roads and high level of air pollution has becoming a challenge to environmentalist and government. This staggering pace of motorisation is a serious national issue. The on-going actions by the government such as new vehicles with technology upgrade, Engine Emission Standards, Fuel quality standards, Vehicle compliance and enforcement program, Fuel inspection and compliance program, Fuel Quality standards, Fuel Efficiency standards and labelling are several on-going significant measures. In present time the horrendous air quality in major urban area has been much talked about. The people have become prone to health exposures such a minor breathing problems to various respiratory diseases, cardiac disorder etc. from rising air pollution. Hence, the need has been felt to further augment these on-going pollution control measures. In context with rapidly growing vehicular populations, limited oil supplies, and increasing environmental pollution, the govt. has sought to promote non-petroleum and often home grown fuels as suitable alternatives. Alternative fuels and new energy vehicle policies include promotion of Alternative-fuel vehicles. Vehicles engineered to use one alternative fuel; dual-fuel vehicles can use either a conventional or an alternative fuel, stored in separate tanks; and flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) can use either a conventional or an alternative fuel, or a mixture of both The vehicles with alternate fuels are increasingly used and these include compressed or liquefied natural gas (CNG/LNG), ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and various new technology. The global action plan on climate change envisaged from all countries, especially the major economies to slash their emissions to catastrophic climate change. There has been concern about 4.8% rises in carbon emissions during year 2018. To augment the actions further, govt. has contemplated the major policy announcement - the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) notified in January, 2019 and India‘s target of 30% adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) by the year 2030. These policy targets are Nation-wide crackdown on emissions to combat the increasing air pollution problem. The Govt. has planned to promote Zero discharge Electric vehicles (EVs) such as battery electric vehicles (BEV), conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Union Environment Minister, Sh. Prakash Javadekar uses Electric Car for mobility (ANI Photo)
ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
India’s Electric Vehicle Policy - Niti Aayog
India is operating in the same global context as other countries, who have adopted an EV policy; it
has a unique mobility pattern which other countries do not share. While vehicle growth in India is
rapid, ownership per 1000 population has increased from 53 in year 2001 to 167 in year 2015, a key
difference between India and other countries and the types of vehicles being used. India uses a large
variety of motorized transport on roads and its auto-segments are quite different from that of most of
the world. Based on the vehicle data during last six years, the vehicles on Indian roads are estimated
to consist of:
1. Two-wheelers: 79% of the total number of vehicles.
2. Three-wheelers (passenger and goods), including tempos: 4% of the total number of vehicles.
3. Buses and large goods vehicles like trucks: 3% of the total number of vehicles.
4. Economy four-wheelers (cars costing less than ₹1 million): 12% of the total number of vehicles.
5. Premium four-wheelers (cars costing higher than ₹1 million): 2% of total number of vehicles.
In India, premium four wheelers (cars) are only 2% of the total sales. However, most advanced
technologies are available in this category in global markets. In the near term, India should foster
early adoption of vehicles by premium customers, which will pave the way for consumer comfort with
electrification, raise aspirations for indigenous products and make advanced technology available in
the market. The presence of world-class technology will help India build a world-class ecosystem for
high-quality component and subsystems usable for all kinds of vehicles. In the longer term, India
should establish technological and manufacturing leadership in the economy segment of the market.
The prevalence of small vehicles such as two-wheelers, three-wheelers, economy four-wheelers and
small goods vehicles is unique among large countries. These small vehicles require a unique set of
technological and industrial capabilities. Here, India has an opportunity to take a leadership role in
the electrification of small vehicles. India‘s potential volumes for these vehicles as the nation grows,
lays the foundation for transformational manufacturing and industrial policy. That focuses on the
development of technological expertise and industrial capabilities in the production of small electric
vehicles, which can not only meet domestic demand but can also place the country in a position of
global leadership
As other countries begin to look at smaller vehicles with appropriate specifications, India can
establish a position of leadership based on domestic demand. Beyond significant domestic demand
for smaller vehicles, another aspect of the Indian mobility market is supportive of electrification: its
high level of sharing. Shared mobility in India has exploded, changing the way masses in the country
travels. Taxi aggregators such as Ola and Uber increases from 130 million rides in year 2015 to 500
million rides in year 2016, leading radio taxis to account for 72% of the overall market. This high
penetration of shared mobility in the country increases both vehicle utilisation, which plays to the
economic advantages of EVs, and also creates natural and large-scale purchases of EVs.
(Source: Niti Aayog : Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) : Towards A Policy Framework, 2019)
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ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP), 2020
National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 is a National Mission
document providing the vision and the roadmap for the faster adoption of
electric vehicles and their manufacturing in the country.
As part of the NEMMP 2020, Department of Heavy Industry, Govt. of India
formulated a Scheme viz. Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &)
Electric Vehicles in India (FAME-India) Scheme in the year 2015 to promote
manufacturing of electric and hybrid vehicle technology and to ensure
sustainable growth of the same. The scheme is focussed on the following
four key areas:
(a) Fiscal and tax ecosystem to encourage customers to opt for EVs
(b) Purchase of Electric or Hybrid Vehicles
(c) Pilot Project for City Buses
(d) Supporting Infrastructure
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ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
What are Electric Vehicles (EVs)?
Electric Vehicle (EVs) are the vehicles that operates on an electric motor, instead of an
Internal combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases,
Therefore, such vehicles are seen as zero emissions possible replacement for current
generation automobiles.
Though the concept of Electric Vehicles have been around for a long time, but it has drawn
considerable interest during recent past amid environmental impacts of fuel based vehicles
and rising carbon footprints, In order to address issues of increasing pollution, global
warming, depletion of petroleum resources and foreign exchange savings, there is
extensive push by govt. on rapid adoption of electric vehicles. There are two basic types of
EVs: All Electric vehicles and Plug-in hybrid vehicles
All-Electric Vehicles (AEVs)
AEVs include Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
Battery Electric Vehicles, also called BEVs, and more frequently called EVs, are fully-
electric vehicles with rechargeable batteries and no gasoline engine. Battery electric
vehicles store electricity on-board with high-capacity battery packs. Their battery power
is used to run the electric motor and all on-board electronics. BEVs do not emit any
harmful emissions and hazards caused by traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. BEVs
are charged by electricity from an external source
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) or Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) is types of electric vehicle
which uses a fuel cell, instead of a battery, or in combination with a battery or super
capacitor, to power its on-board electric motor. Fuel cells in vehicles generate electricity
to power the motor, generally using oxygen from the air and compressed hydrogen.
Most fuel cell vehicles are classified as zero-emissions vehicles that emit only water and
heat
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs).
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles or PHEVs are basically electric vehicle with facility to
recharge the battery through both regenerative braking and ―plugging in‖ to an external
source of electrical power. While ―standard‖ hybrids can (at low speed) go about only
upto short distances before the gasoline engine turns on, PHEV models can go long
distances before their gas engines provide assistance
In addition to charging from the electrical grid, both types of these electric vehicles (EVs)
are charged in part by regenerative braking, which generates electricity from some of the
energy normally lost when braking.
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ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
India’s Electric Vehicles (EVs) Journey
Propelling Forces for thrust in Electric Vehicles
(EVs)
The thrust for EVs has been observed in government policies, business model of auto makers and
consumers. At government end, the reason for the drive is to improve India‘s ranks poor on
Environmental Performance Index (EPI) at 177 out of 180 countries according to 2018 biennial report of
Yale and Columbia Universities along with the World Economic Forum. Also the Air Quality Index (AQI)
ranks 178 out of 180. The Indian metropolitan cities are experiencing worst air quality and frequent Delhi
episodes are recent example. A joint study by CPCB and NEERI pegged vehicular contribution as 6.6%
in air pollution in Delhi. To overcome the issue of air pollution in cities, government has decided to shift
from conventional fuel-based vehicles to electric vehicles in addition to implementing several stringent
norms. India is currently following Bharat Stage IV (BS IV) norms and would be moving to BS VI
emission standard in April, 2020. As per the Paris Agreement, by year 2030 India also has a committed
target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% below 2005 levels.
The stringent norms and attractive schemes compel auto makers to make EV as their business model
and strategize for its success. Stringent emission norms act as direct stimuli for EV investments and
subsidies and tax propel the growth of the sector. On the other side, consumer‘s preference is shifting
as they are attracted by minimal maintenance cost of EVs. Fewer moving components, high conversion
efficiency to motive power and performance are the reasons that bring down maintenance to fraction of
combustion engine cars. EVs are 75 - 80% cheaper from maintenance perspective than Internal
Combustion Engine vehicles (ICEV). Hence the consumers preferring to purchase EVs are on the rise. .
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ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
The Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) or Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is
type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine
(ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drive train). The
presence of the electric power train is intended to achieve either better fuel
economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. HEVs are powered
by both petrol and electricity. The electric energy is generated by the car‘s own
braking system to recharge the battery. This is called ‗regenerative braking‘, a
process where the electric motor helps to slow the vehicle and uses some of the
energy normally converted to heat by the brakes.
HEVs start off using the electric motor, and then the petrol engine cuts in as load
or speed irises. The two motors are controlled by an internal computer which
ensures the best economy for the driving conditions
.
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ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
FAME-II Scheme aims to promote the use of
Electric Vehicles (EVs) in India
Based on the experience gained during Phase I of FAME Scheme and suggestions of various
stakeholders including industry associations, the Department of Heavy Industry, Govt. of India notified
Phase-II of the Scheme, vide S.O. 1300 dated 8th March 2019, with the approval of Cabinet with an
st
outlay of Rs.10,000 Crores for a period of 3 years commencing from 1 April 2019.
Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of (Hybrid &)
Electric Vehicles in India
(FAME) Scheme
FAME is the Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and
Electric Vehicles by Government of
India. The objective of the scheme is
to increase the use of electric and
hybrid vehicles by offering
incentives.
FAME I
The FAME- I was initially launched
for a period of 2 years, commencing
The centre will invest in setting up charging stations, with from 1st April 2015, which was
the active participation of public sector units and private subsequently extended from time to
players. It has also been proposed to provide one slow- time and the last extension was
charging unit for every electric bus and one fast-charging allowed up to 31st March 2019.
station for 10 electric buses. Projects for charging The 1st Phase of FAME India
infrastructure will include those needed to extend Scheme was implemented through
electrification for running vehicles such as pantograph four focus areas namely:
charging and flash charging, according to notification by
the Heavy industries Ministry. FAME II will also (i) Demand Creation,
encourage interlinking of renewable energy sources with (ii) Technology Platform,
charging infrastructure. (iii) Pilot Project and
(iv) Charging Infrastructure.
The centre may incentivize the purchase of 7,090 electric Market creation through demand
buses with an outlay of ₹3,545 crore, 20,000 hybrids incentives was aimed at
with ₹26 crore, 35,000 four-wheelers with ₹525 crore and incentivizing all vehicle segments
500,000 three-wheelers. i.e. 2-Wheelers, 3-Wheelers Auto,
Passenger 4-Wheeler vehicles, Light
FAME II will also offer incentives to manufacturers, who Commercial Vehicles and Buses.
invest in developing electric vehicles and its components, The Fund allocation under FAME I
including lithium-ion batteries and electric motors. The from Year 2015 to year 2019 was Rs
centre has asked states to frame their EV policy and 529 Crores to provide demand
provide additional fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to incentive to buyers of xEV in the
manufacturers and buyers. Only buses priced up to ₹2 form of an upfront reduced purchase
crore, strong and plug-in hybrids under ₹15 lakh, three- price to enable wider adoption. The
wheelers under ₹5 lakh and two-wheelers under ₹1.5 grants were also sanctioned
lakh will be eligible for incentives with ₹2,500 crore under for specific Pilot Projects, R&D /
Phase II. Technology Development and Public
Charging Infrastructure components
Source: https://www.livemint.com/auto-news/how-fame-2- under the scheme.
scheme-aims-to-promote-the-use-of-electric-vehicles -in-
india-1552352972259.html
10ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
The Government has announced Phase II of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and
Electric Vehicles, or FAME II scheme, to boost electric mobility and increase the number of electric
vehicles in commercial fleets
The outlay of ₹1,000 crore has been earmarked for setting up charging stations for electric vehicles in
the country The government will offer the incentives for electric buses, three-wheelers and four-
wheelers to be used for commercial purposes. Plug-in hybrid vehicles and those with a sizeable
lithium-ion battery and electric motor will also be included in the scheme and fiscal support offered
depending on the size of the battery.
Recharging Infrastructure for EVs - Initiatives
Government of India has undertaken multiple initiatives to promote manufacturing and adoption of
electric vehicles in India. With support of the Government, electric vehicles have started penetrating in
the Indian market. However, availability of adequate Charging Infrastructure is one of the key
requirements for accelerated adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in India. It is proposed to encourage this
by laying down an enabling framework.
To enable faster adoption of electric vehicles in India by ensuring safe, reliable, accessible and
affordable Charging Infrastructure and eco-systern
To promote affordable tariff chargeable from EV owners and Charging Station
Operators/Owners
To generate employment/income opportunities for small entrepreneurs
To proactively support creation of EV Charging Infrastructure in the initial phase and eventually
create market for EV Charging business
To encourage preparedness of Electrical Distribution System to adopt EV Charging
Infrastructure.
The following are being undertaken to achieve above objectives:
1. Private charging at residences/offices shall be permitted. DISCOMs may facilitate the same.
2. Setting up of Public Charging Stations (PCS) shall be a de-licensed activity and any
individual/entity is free to set up public charging stations, provided that, such stations meet the
technical as well as performance standards and protocols laid down as well as any further
norms/standards/specifications laid down by Ministry of Power and Central Electricity Authority
from time to time.
3. Public Charging Infrastructure (PCl)· Minimum Requirements: Every Public Charging Station
(PCS) shall have the following minimum infrastructure: An exclusive transformer with all related
substation equipment including safety appliance. 33/l l KV line/cables with associated
equipment including as needed for line termination/metering etc. Appropriate civil works.
Adequate space for Charging and entry/exit of vehicles. Current international standards that are
prevalent and used by most vehicle manufacturers internationally. Hence, Public Charging
Stations shall have, one or more electric kiosk/boards with installation of all the charger models
Currently, India is said to have around 300 public EV chargers compared to existing 57,000 petrol/diesel
filling stations. The country is also well positioned to power all EV charging infrastructure solely by clean
energy. According to a report, the charging infrastructure market in India is expected to grow at a
compound annual growth rate (CARG) of 40% in the next five to six years.
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EVs Charging Station for OLA vehicles at Mumbai, Maharashtra
In a bid to push electric vehicle (EVs) adoption in the country, the Indian government has approved the
setting up of 2,636 EV charging stations around the country. These charging stations, spread across 62
cities in 24 states and union territories, are going to be established under the second phase of Faster
Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in India (FAME or FAME-II) scheme.
EVs Charging Station at Delhi EVs Charging Station (Plug & Go) at Gurugram
EVs Charging Station at Gurugram EVs Charging Station (EESL) at Noida
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EVs Charging Station, Hyderabad EVs Charging Station,Somajiguda Hyderabad
EVs Charging Station at Metro Stations EVs Charging Station,Greater Hyderabad,
at Hyderabad Telangana
EVs Fast Charging Station,Mumbai EVs Public Charging Station,Mumbai
Out of the 2636 charging stations to be constructed under FAME II, 1633 will be fast charging stations
and 1003 are to be slow charging stations. State-owned Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd (REIL)
and Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) have bagged a significant chunk of orders for setting up
more than 2,500 e-vehicle charging stations. No private sector company has qualified for this tender.
Under this programme, the government will set up 317 EV charging stations in Maharashtra, which is
the most in any state. While Andhra Pradesh will get 266 EV stations, people in Tamil Nadu will be able
to charge their EVs from 256 such stations. Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh will get 228, 205, and
207 EV charging stations respectively. The government has given an in-principle nod to firms, including
NTPC, EESL and REIL, to set up these EV charging stations in all major cities. This is supposed to
address the issue of anxiety over the range of EVs. However, the actual sanctions of the contracts
would be made only after the public sector units sign memorandum of understanding (MoUs) for the
land where the EV charging stations are proposed.
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The government‘s plan is to ensure EV charging stations at every four km in million-plus cities. The
companies have been advised to begin the award process for the contracts based on the in-principle
nod from the Department of Heavy Industries, Govt. of India.
It is being reported that a significant chunk of orders for setting up the EV charging stations in 62 cities
with a million-plus population has been bagged by Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd and Energy
Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL). NTPC and Power Grid Corp have also emerged as low bidders for the
stations. The final award to these companies will be known only when they are able to produce MoU for
land where the charging points are proposed to be located. About 600 - 700 sanctions have already
been given so far and expect an award for all contracts in due course of time.
The urban local bodies of Dehradun, Guwahati and Tirupati, and municipal corporations of Navi Mumbai
and Bhubaneswar, have also bagged some of the contracts under the Faster Adoption & Manufacturing
of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles Fame II – subsidy scheme.
(Source: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, February, 2019}
Electric Vehicles - the Future of Auto Industry
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum, which was witnessed during Asia‘s biggest Auto Expo.
2020 held during February 7-12, 2020, at Greater Noida. The expo had the theme ‗Explore the World of
Mobility‘ and marked the revolutionary trend of Electric Vehicles as one of the biggest highlights. Most of
automobile giants – Suzuki, Hyundai, TATA Motors, VW, Renault and many others showcased their new
EV models in different segments of the industry. The aura shows the momentum in the sector and the
potential of e-mobility in India.
Fig: The Google trends indicate a rise in interest for electric cars in comparison to petrol / diesel.
Accelerators for EV’s Journey
On account of the worsening air quality in the urban cities, Indian government has created an impetus
through its Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme with a
goal of reaching 30% EV penetration by 2030. The focus areas of the scheme are – technology
development, demand creation, charging infrastructure and pilot projects. The second phase of FAME
released in March 2019 has proposed to invest INR 10,000 Cr over three years to support 10 Lakh two-
wheelers, 5 Lakh three-wheelers, 55K four-wheelers, and 7K buses that operate on lithium-ion batteries
or other electric power-trains. Aligning to the focus, government has approved setting up electric vehicle
charging stations across 62 cities in 24 states and union territories of India under the second phase of
FAME.
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Other actions taken by government in an endeavour to meet the goals of FAME include slashing GST to
5% for EVs (ICEV 28%), tax exemption up to Rs. 1.5 lakh on loans for EV purchase and customs duty
exemption on some of the components of EVs.
NITI Aayog proposes to push for full conversion to EVs from ICE three-wheelers by 2023, and two-
wheelers (for engines with or below 150 cc capacity) by 2025. With the Centre‘s commitment towards
EV growth, states are also leading with their policies to achieve their own EVs targets. Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Uttarakhand, Telangana, Delhi and
Bihar have their Electric Vehicles Policy.
At present, EV market penetration in India is only 1% of total vehicle sales, and of that, 95% of sales are
electric two-wheelers. The Indian electric car market size was valued at $71.1 million in 2017 and is
projected to reach $707.4 million by 2025. The EV market, battery market, and charger market during
2019-2030 are expected to witness CAGRs of 53.64%, 58.86% and 59.58% respectively according to a
recent market intelligence report by BIS Research. Government initiatives are playing a major role in the
growth of the market.
Fig 3: Electric Vehicles Sales in FY 2019 vs FY 2018
Source: Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles
Greener Path for EV’s
Electric vehicles produce zero emissions and this is one of the attractive features driving for growth. The
point what gets raised is how much of the power used for EVs comes from old, coal-fired thermal power
plants and will that only be displacing the pollution from the urban to the suburbs, where these plants
are located. In terms of defining the comprehensive eco-friendliness of the vehicle, the argument put
forward by some of the experts are pollution behind the lifecycle stages of the vehicle – battery
manufacturing, lifetime difference of the vehicle and the electricity sources.
Rare earth metals viz., lithium, cobalt, lithium, nickel, and other metals make up the composition of the
EV battery, and their extraction and manipulation can contribute to carbon emissions. International
Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) report illustrates that the country in which the batteries are
being produced and the battery composition has a much higher level of impact on emissions. However a
comparative study between EVs and internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) made in China indicate
that infrastructure and efficient manufacturing techniques are the keys to reducing emissions during
production.
15ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
ICCT also reports the difference in emissions between EV and ICEV over the course of their lifetimes
gives EVs an advantage over ICE vehicles. EVs are advantageous over ICE vehicles when their total
impact is assessed for its lifecycle. EVs emit lesser emissions in their lifetime than ICE vehicles
regardless of the source that generate the electricity. As per the estimate in a post in World Economic
Forum (WEF), if FAME aims are realized by year 2030, they will generate an estimated saving of up to
474 Millions of tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) and 846 million tonnes of net CO 2 emissions over their
lifetime.
Signs of faster adoption of EV are visible in the auto mobility ecosystem transforming India into a EV
nation. Making India a EV nation and achieving target of FAME is a massive endeavour indeed, but
achievable with coherent efforts at all levels in the value chain. Shift will happen soon owing to the
reasons stated, but at what pace and what are the unintended consequences should not be overlooked.
EV is an technologically advanced product which could cut down the labour force. Will this kill jobs are
to be assessed and required actions for balancing is to be looked at concentrated efforts, integrated
approach will definitely lead to a happy E-journey.
EV’s Growth Bumps
India is a price sensitive market and the nation is on par with global consumers in quality expectations.
The demand for EVs rises when they compete with ICE vehicles in terms of price and performance.
Mass adoption of electric cars in India will be slow unless the gap in upfront prices of electric and ICE
vehicles is brought down
Alongside the propellers, the EV industry is experiencing barriers for the stimulated growth. High price,
lack of charging infrastructure and durability of battery are major restraints for growth of the sector.
Availability of charging infrastructure is a key factor to encourage the sale of EVs. According to the Auto
makers, lack of charging infrastructure is the reason for poor interest in EVs by the customers. Also,
there is need for standardization of EV charging technology. Certain EV charging stations may only be
compatible with a certain type of voltage. Limited range, lack of availability of charging stations and long
charging time further hinder the growth of the sector.
Battery needs to be durable competing with ICE vehicles. Battery is the major component, which cost
about 30% of the vehicle cost. The expected life of batteries is only 2-3 years after that it requires
replacement. Focus is required on technological advancements to make it durable and cost effective.
Parallely, automakers need to set up closed loop system for used batteries management for making the
sector holistically green.
India’s EV Revolution in Public Transportation –
Govt. Sanctions 5,595 Electric Buses in 64 Cities
under FAME II Scheme
Currently, there are around 1.6 million registered buses in India, out of which only 170,000 are operated
by public bus operators. Only 5,000 buses are operated under PPP model for city bus operation. There
is need to increase the supply of buses in Indian cities to develop sustainable public transport. However,
the cities should have a larger vision to curb dependence on fossil fuel and reduce CO 2 emissions. It is
right time that public transport vehicles shift their source of power from diesel to electricity.
To meet the requirement the government has sanctioned 5,595 electric buses in 64 cities for intra-city
and inter-city operations under the second phase of FAME India scheme in order to push for clean
mobility in public transportation. The Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Govt. of India
had invited Expression of Interest (EoI) from cities with a million-plus population, smart cities, state or
UT capitals and special category states for submission of proposal for deployment of electric buses on
an operational cost basis.
16ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
In response thereof, 86 proposals from 26 States/UTs for the deployment of 14988 e-Buses were
received. After evaluation of these proposals as per EoI, on the advice of Project Implementation and
Sanctioning Committee (PISC) the Government sanctioned 5095 electric buses to 64 Cities / State
Transport Corporations for intra-city operation; 400 electric buses for intercity operation and 100 electric
buses for last mile connectivity to Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC).
Each selected City/State Transport Undertakings are required to initiate the procurement process in a
time bound manner for deployment of sanctioned electric buses on operational cost basis. As per
Expression of Interest (EoI) buses which satisfy required localization level and technical eligibility
notified under FAME India Scheme Phase II will only be eligible for funding under FAME India scheme
Phase II.
These buses will run about 4 billion Kilometres during their contract period and are expected to save
cumulatively about 1.2 billion liters of fuel over the contract period, which will result into avoidance of 2.6
million tonnes of CO2 emission.
Tata Motors and a joint venture between Hyderabad-based Goldstone Infratech and China‘s biggest e-
vehicles seller BYD have bagged electric bus supply contracts for nine out of 10 cities, leaving rivals
such as Mahindra & Mahindra, Eicher Motors and JBM Solaris with No Contract. Tata Motors emerged
the lowest bidder for contracts in six cities — Jaipur, Indore, Lucknow, Kolkata, Jammu and Guwahati —
to supply 190 e-buses each. Ashok Leyland bagged contract for 40 e-buses in Ahmedabad. The 10
cities pilot programme for induction of e-buses partly funded by the central department of heavy
industries.
The Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy, 2019 approved by Delhi Govt. state cabinet focuses on electric two-
wheelers, shared transport vehicles and goods carriers or freight vehicles, since they contribute to major
quantum of vehicular pollution. The primary goal of the policy is to improve Delhi‘s air quality by bringing
down emissions from the transport sector. This policy will seek to drive rapid adoption of Battery Electric
Vehicles (BEVs) such that they contribute to 25% of all new vehicle registrations by the year 2024, The
Delhi government will be targeting induction of 35,000 electric two, three and four wheelers and buses,
1,000 electric vehicles for last mile deliveries and 250 public charging and battery swapping stations. It
has waived road tax and registration fees for all battery electric vehicles for next three years.
The policy announced include purchase incentive of Rs 5,000 per kWh of battery capacity against Rs
5,500 presently offered by Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), besides a scrapping incentive of
upto Rs 5,000 subject to evidence of matching contribution from the manufacturer or dealer. The state
will allow ride hailing service providers to operate electric two wheeler taxis, while all two-wheelers
engaged in last mile deliveries like food delivery and e-commerce logistics are expected to shift 50% of
their fleet to electric by March, 2023 and 100% by March, 2025.
Electric rickshaws and carriers will get an incentive of Rs 30,000 per vehicle and interest subvention of
5% on loans. Open permit system will apply for individuals who will be given permits on a first-come-first
basis, subject to the cap of maximum number of autos permissible in Delhi.
Source: Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy, 2019 Transport Department, (GNCTD)
17ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
Table 1: State – wise allocation of Electric Buses under FAME II Scheme
Sanctioned
S. No State / UT Beneficiary Cities Numbers of
Electric Buses
1 Andhra Pradesh Vishakhapatnam (100), Vijayawada (50), 300
Amravati(50), Tirupati (50), Kakinada (50)
2 Assam Guwahati (50), Silchar (25), Jorhat (25) 100
3 Bihar Patna (25) 25
4 Chattisgarh Raipur (50) 50
5 Dadra & Nagar Haveli Dadra & Nagar Haveli (Silvassa) 25
6 Delhi New Delhi (DTC) 300
7 Gujarat Ahmedabad (300), Surat (150), Vadodara 550
(50), Rajkot (50)
8 Haryana Gurugram 50
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla (50), Hamirpur (50) 100
10 Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar (100), Jammu (50) 150
11 Karnataka Bangalore (300), Hubli- Dharwad (50) 350
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram (100), Kochi (100), 250
Kozhikode (50)
13 Maharashtra BEST Mumbai (300), Pune (150), Navi- 725
Mumbai (100), Nagpur (100), Nashik (50),
Solapur (25)
14 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal (100), Indore (100), Gwalior (40), 340
Jabalpur (50), Ujjain (50)
15 Odisha Bhubaneswar (50) 50
16 Rajasthan Jaipur (100) 100
17 Telangana Hyderabad (300). Warangal (25) 325
18 Tamil Nadu Coimbatore (100), Tiruchirappalli (100),
Madurai (100), Erode (50), Tiruppur (50),
525
Salem (50),Vellore (50),Thanjavur (25)
19 Tripura Agartala (50) 50
20 Uttarakhand Dehradun (30) 30
21 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow (100), Agra (100), Kanpur (100), 600
Prayagraj (50), Varanasi (50), Ghaziabad
(50), Meerut (50), Bareilly (25),
Moradabad (25), Aligarh (25), Jhansi (25)
22 West Bengal Haldia (50), Kolkata New Town (50) 100
Grand Total 5095
18ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
Inter-city Operations e-Buses
Electric Buses
State Transport Undertaking State Allotted
Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation Andhra Pradesh 50
Kadamba State Road Transport (STU), Govt. of Goa Goa 50
Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation Gujarat 50
Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation Karnataka 50
Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation Maharashtra 50
Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation Rajasthan 50
Uttarakhand Transport Corporation, Dehradun Uttarakhand 50
Transport Department, Govt. of West Bengal West Bengal 50
TOTAL 400
Last Mile Connectivity
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) NCR Delhi 100
Total Number of Electric Buses : 5095 + 400 + 100 = 5595 Electric buses
.Table 2: Status of adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for Public transportation in
various States and Cities
S. State/city Status of Electric Vehicle (e-Buses) adoption
No. for public transportation
1, Delhi 1,000 electric buses are scheduled to enter for service in Delhi as
part of its Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy 2019
2. West Bengal West Bengal government has ordered 80 buses, 20 of which have
already been delivered,
3. Bengaluru (Karnataka) Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation's (BMTC) has also
submitted proposal with Department of Heavy Industries to
procure 150 electric buses on PPP model. BMTC has proposed to
set up an exclusive depot for the electric buses with the required
infrastructure, which would include battery rechargeable points
and well-equipped workshops. Karnataka will induct 3,000 electric
buses into its fleet by the year 2022.
4. Pune (Maharashtra) Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML) is
likely to start running 25 e-buses and plans to induct another 480
e-buses
19ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
Four e-buses have been running at Mumbai since the year 2017.
5. Mumbai (Maharashtra) Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) has placed order with
Volvo to procure 8400 Hybrid City Bus. Volvo has delivered 5
buses under this contract to NMMT.
Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) is
procuring 25 Hybrid buses from Tata Motors.
Tata Starbus Diesel Series Hybrid Electric Bus can run without
the requirement of external charging infrastructures, due to
integration of on-board charging, via BS-IV compliant engine
The Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST)
Mumbai has received funding for the retro-fitment of 6 buses and
procurement of six 30 seater electric buses with a range of 210
km. BEST has placed an order for retro-fitment with AV Motors
and Impact Automotive Solutions Limited (a subsidiary of KPIT)
with a grant of ₹100 million from the Brihanmumbai Municipal
Corporation (BMC).
6. Thane (Maharashtra) Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) has approved the plan to
introduce 100 electric buses on PPP model. The private operator
will purchase and operate these buses for 10 year on selected
routes. The operator will have the first right to select the routes.
7. Nasik (Maharashtra) Olectra - BYD will introduce 150 e-buses at Nasik (Maharashtra)
during year 2020
8. Himachal Pradesh 50 e-buses have been ordered for mountainous Himachal
Pradesh, which ran its first e-bus pilot initially during 2017.
9. Dehradun (UP) The pilot‘s e-buses for public transport have been on run since
year 2018 and getting positive results on operability, servicing
and economics. 500 intercity Electric buses will now be inducted
into their fleets.
10. Chandigarh The pilot‘s e-buses for public transport have been on run since
2018 and getting positive results on operability, servicing and
economics. 20 Electric buses will now be inducted into their
fleets
11. Guwahati (Assam) The pilot‘s e-buses for public transport have been on run since
2018 and getting positive results on operability, servicing and
economics. 25 Electric buses will now be inducted into their fleets
12. Hyderabad (Telangana) Olectra Greentech Ltd (Formerly Goldstone Infratech Ltd),
Hyderabad and its technical partner BYD-China, the Olectra-BYD
introduced 40 nos 12-meter electric buses in Hyderabad, India.
Olectra has enabled Telangana State Road Transport
Corporation (TSRTC) to deploy the largest fleet of electric buses
by any State Transport Utility in the country so far.
13. Odisha The Electric buses will be introduced in the urban areas of
Odisha. These buses are going to operate within the radius of
100 km covering the city of Puri, Bhubhneswar and Cuttack.
14 Madhya Pradesh Olectra-BYD will introduce 200 e-buses at Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain
(Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain and Bhopal at Madhya Pradesh during current year,
and Bhopal)
15 Ahmedabad (Gujarat) Tata Motors has bagged the contract of 300 e-buses from
Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited (AJL) during 2019. Tata Ultra
Urban 9/9 Electric AC Buses will run in the Ahmedabad‘s BRTS
corridor
20ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
16 Surat (Gujarat) Olectra - BYD will introduce 150 e-buses at Surat, Gujarat during
year 2020
17 Goa Olectra-BYD will introduce 50 e-buses at Goa during year 2020
18 Kerala Olectra-BYD E-buses have been taken on trial run at
(Thiruvananthpuram, Thiruvananthpuram, Kochi and Kozhikode cities at Kerala on
Kochi (Ernakulam) and GCC basis for 10 years from Maha Voyage LLP company.
Kozhikode
Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) has planned
to induct 1,500 electric buses on lease. KSRTC has issued three
separate tenders for 500 (500*3) 12-meter non-AC Battery
Powered electric buses for a period of 10 years. The three tenders
pertain to three different zones: Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode,
and Kochi (Ernakulam).
Tata Motors has been playing a proactive role in the electrification drive, with the development of electric
traction system for Hybrid as well as Pure Electric vehicles. The Ultra Electric buses are indigenously
developed to offer superior design and best-in-class features. Tata Motors has delivered over 200
electric buses with over 60% market share under the FAME-I, reinforcing its position at the forefront in
the electrification drive. Tata Motors has secured biggest order under the FAME-I for supply of e-buses
supporting the Government‘s e-mobility drive in the country.
Olectra-BYD has been spearheading the electric vehicle adoption in the country with a focus not only to
‗Make in India‘ but also ‗Made for India‘. The manufacturer has covered significant ground in meeting the
requirements of e-buses for several states in the country and being the partners of choice for the EV
revolution in the country.
Ashok Leyland and ABB joined hands to launch electric buses with quick charge battery. Ashok Leyland
will develop and manufacture electric buses with ABB's TOSA technology, which tops up the battery in
just seconds while passengers get on and off the bus. TOSA is a flash-charging connection technology
that lets cities reduce the environmental pollution of their transit systems without affecting passenger
capacity or journey times.
Under another initiative, the Gurugram-based private sector start-up SmartE, the only company in the
country to own and operate electric three-wheelers, is fixing the issue of first - and last-mile connectivity
in and around the National Capital, even as it ramps up the infrastructure for its eco-friendly commute
network. Presently, SmartE‘s eponymous three-wheelers operate from near a handful of Delhi Metro
stations in the northern Indian cities of Gurugram, Faridabad, and Delhi.
SmartE‘s Electric three-wheelers operator Zero Emission electric bus on run at Bengaluru by
Charging facility at Gurugram Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation
21ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
40 Electric buses have been delivered by India’s First Intercity Electric Bus under
Olectra - BYD at Hyderabad, Telangana operation between Mumbai and Pune
22ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
Table : E - Bus models available in the Country
S. e-Bus model Length of Manufacturer
No.
e-bus (m)
1 Starbus Ultra Electric 9/12 EV 12 Tata Motors
2 Starbus Ultra Electric 6/9 EV 9 Tata Motors
3 Eco-Life (12 m) 12 JBM
4 Eco-Life (9 m) 9 JBM
5 eBUZZ K9 12 Olectra-BYD
6 eBUZZ K7 9 Olectra-BYD
7 Skyline Pro-E 9 Eicher Motors
8 12FP150 12 Foton-PMI
9 9FP102 9 Foton-PMI
10 Circuit S 12 Ashok Leyland
11 e-Cosmo – T32 8 Mahindra & Mahindra
12 e-Cosmo – T36 9 Mahindra & Mahindra
13 e-Cosmo – T40 9 Mahindra & Mahindra
23ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
E- Rickshaws as transport Vehicle
Electric rickshaws (also known as electric tuk-tuks or e-rickshaws or toto are becoming more popular in
some cities in India since 2008 as an alternative to auto rickshaws and man pulled rickshaws because
of their low fuel cost, and less human effort compared to cycle rickshaws. They are being widely
accepted as an alternative to petrol/diesel/CNG auto rickshaws. They are 3 wheelers pulled by an
electric motor ranging from 650-1400 Watts. E-Rickshaw's have now transitioned from being a market
entrant in the automobile segment of the country to evolve as a leading short distance transport solution.
The e-rickshws have gained spurt in last 3 years and the growth has been phenomenal. The e-rickshaw
market is vastly gaining base and is likely to grip on further in coming years with the advent of
established players in the segment as well. Although, this segment is dominated by a host of
unorganized players the established names have also identified the growth beacon and are expected to
foray into the segment.
Most of the e-rickshaws in the country, almost all claimed to be manufacturing the vehicle, are merely
importing it from China and assembling them. Though entire vehicle manufacturers are less in number,
but they claim that their vehicle production is less and cost is little higher, but they offer higher quality
products and also offer services and warranty, these manufacturers market the product as an Indian
make and are also popular because of uniqueness in their product and providing a branded better
quality product. The FRP body e-rickshaws are also popular in India and are manufactured in the
country. Due to high shipment cost from China, they are cheaper to Indian manufacturers, where as
Chinese version of FRP Rickshaw will cost 1.5 times more than an Indian make.
E-rickshaws are sold predominantly in North India, across Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi and Bihar
as one of the most effective means of last mile connectivity and a cheaper mode of transportation. Since
2015, battery-powered rickshaw sales have been growing at 20% annually, replacing cycle rickshaws.
However, most of these sales have come from the unorganised sector,
The Indian electric rickshaw are currently manufactured by small, unorganized local players, who
together registered around 85.0% of the total e-rickshaw sales in the year 2018. The major market
players include Kinetic Green Energy and Power Solutions Ltd., Terra Motors Corporation, Lohia Auto
Industries, Hero Electric Vehicles Pvt. Ltd., Saera Electric Auto Pvt. Ltd., Entice Impex Pvt Ltd (Gatti E-
rickshaw) Mahindra, Kerala Neem G and Clean Motion India. The price range of Battery operated e-
Rickshaw range from Rs 90,000 - 150,000/Unit.
Battery operated e-rickshaws on roads
24ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
Battery operated e-rickshaw on road
Electric Cars as personal vehicle
Electric cars (EVs) (also known as battery electric cars) have several environmental benefits compared
to conventional internal combustion engine cars. They have lower operating and maintenance costs,
produce little or no local air pollution, reduce dependence on petroleum and also have the potential to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Electric motors are significantly more efficient than internal
combustion engines and thus, even accounting for distribution losses, less energy is required to operate
an EV.
In the last few years, there is a rise in interest among the common masses for electric cars in
comparison to electric two-wheelers and ICE or petrol/diesel cars. There are a number of challenges in
the adoption of electric vehicle cars in India in the near future. These include: charging infrastructure,
battery performance, supply-demand gap and creating the closed-loop
There is considerable push by the government under FAME II scheme for above challenges. Hence
there was increase in sale of electric vehicles in year 2018-2019 over the year 2017-2018. It is likely that
with newer models of EVs with considerably lower pricing, battery performance and km run per charge,
along with availability of charging infrastructure will certainly favourable for adoption of EVs cars
Table 3: Electric Cars in Indian Market (arranged according to their cost low to high)
Average
S No. Electric Car Mileage on Approx. Cost Representative
Full charge (as in Feb., 2020) Photograph
1. Mahindra e2o Plus 140 Km ₹6.07 - 6.83 Lakh
2. Mahindra eKUV100 150 Km ₹8.25 Lakh
3. Tata Tigor EV 142 Km ₹9.17 - 9.76 Lakh
4. Mahindra E Verito 140 Km ₹13.17 - 13.53 Lakh
5. Tata Nexon EV 312 Km ₹16.56 - 18.92 Lakh
25ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
6. Tata Gravitas NA ₹17.80 – 20 Lakh
7 MG ZS EV 340 Km ₹20.88 - 23.58 Lakh
8 Hyundai Kona Electric 452 Km ₹23.72 - 23.91 Lakh
9. New Mahindra XUV500 500+ Km ₹25 – 32 Lakh
10. Lexus UX 300s 402 Km ₹35 - 40 Lakh
11. Lexus LC 500h hybrid NA ₹1.96 Crore
New Launches of EVs Expected in 2020 : Nissan Leaf, MG eZS, Maruti Wagon R EV,
12
Mahindra eKUV100, Hyundai Kona, Audi eTron, Mercedes Benz EQC, Mahindra XUV 300
Electric, Tata Altroz EV
Table 4: Electric Scooters/Motorcycles in Indian Market (arranged according to their cost
low to high)
Average
S No. Electric Motorcycles Mileage Km/Full Approx. Cost
charge (as in Feb., 2020)
1. Lectro Essentia TX 25 - 35 km ₹21,000
2. Lectro Glide TX 25 -40 km ₹21,000
3. Lectro E-Zephyr TX 25 - 35 km ₹21,000
4. Avon E Bike 40 km/charge ₹22,670
5 Lectro Glide Unisex 25 -35 km ₹25,350
6 Lectro Essentia 25 - 35 km ₹25,350
7 Lectro E-Zephyr 25 - 35 km ₹25,350
8 Lectro Glide Lady 25 - 35 km ₹25,350
9 Avon E Plus 50 km/charge ₹26,712
10 Avon E Lite 50 km/charge ₹29,918
11 Hero Electric Flash LA 50 km/charge ₹37,078
12 Palatino Ryan 60 km/charge ₹38,999
13 Indus Yo Xplor 70 km/charge ₹39,577
14 Evolet Derby 60-65 km/charge ₹46,499 - 59,999
15 Hero Electric Dash 60 km/charge ₹50,000 - 62,000
16 Techo Electra Raptor 75 – 85 km/charge ₹57,423
17 BattRE Electric Mobility LoEV - ₹59,900
18 Okinawa lite 65 km/charge ₹59,990
19 Avon E Star 65 km/charge ₹60,000
20 Hero Electric Optima E5 55 km/charge ₹61,866
21 Hero Electric Photon 48V 80 km/charge ₹65,464
22 PURE EV Epluto 80 km/charge ₹71,999
23 Okinawa ridge plus 90 to 100 km/charge ₹73,272
24 Revolt RV300 180 km/charge ₹84,999
25 Revolt RV400 150 km/charge ₹98,999
26ENVIRO - NURTURE Vol 1 Issue 1
26 M2GO Civitas 120 km/charge ₹1.04 lakh
27 Okinawa i Praise 160-180 km/charge ₹1.14 - 1.17 lakh
28 Bajaj Chetak 95 km/charge ₹1.00 - 1.15 lakh
29 Ather 450X 85 km/charge ₹1.35 - 1.45 lakh
30 Ultraviolette f77 150 Km/charge ₹3,00,000 lakh
Source: Society for Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles
Green Number Plates for Electric Vehicles (EVs)
The Government of India has taken another step in pushing for greater adoption of electric vehicles in
India, with the approval of green number plates for EVs in the country. The move for the unique
registration plates is intended to help raise more interest and enthusiasm behind EVs in the country.
The adoption of EVs is still at a very nascent stage, and has a long way to go particularly in terms of
publically-available infrastructure, and the Government is presently looking to expand these areas by
encouraging more people to purchase EVs.
Typical Green Number Plate for Electric Vehicle (EV)
The government has approved distinctive green licence plates for electric vehicles to encourage people
to use electric vehicles. Such vehicles will be fitted with green licence plates bearing numbers in white
fonts for private cars and yellow font for taxis. Exemption from permit will be a game changer as
restricted permit regime is a major concern.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) - Benefits & Considerations
The electric-vehicles (EV) are registering consistent growth albeit the surge is slow. Considering strong
govt. push the future of electric vehicles looks bright. Consumers are more willing than ever to consider
buying EVs, and sales have to register growth. The following are the crucial factors in adoption of EVs
from national viewpoint. The energy security is the prime factor as EVs are typically using cheaper
electricity than similar conventional vehicles. They employ electric-drive technologies to boost efficiency.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and all-electric vehicles (EVs) are both capable of being
powered solely by electricity; fortunately the country is taking giant leap in generation of energy from
renewable resources, which is likely to be utilized for developing charging infrastructure for EVs.
Accelerated adoption of electric vehicles could save $60 billion in imported diesel and petrol costs.
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