Environmental Baseline of Orphanages in Bangalore - (ENSYDE) 2016 Environmental Synergies in Development

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Environmental Baseline of Orphanages in Bangalore - (ENSYDE) 2016 Environmental Synergies in Development
Environmental Baseline of
-

     Orphanages in Bangalore

                     Environmental
                       Synergies in
                      Development
                    (ENSYDE) 2016
Environmental Baseline of Orphanages in Bangalore - (ENSYDE) 2016 Environmental Synergies in Development
Executive Summary

This research study aimed to assess the environmental baseline of urban orphanages in

Bangalore to identify the energy, water and waste technologies currently being employed in

these institutions and also evaluate the potential technologies that maybe incorporated for

significant environmental advancements.

A sample size of 12 orphanages was selected out of 34 orphanages based on the willingness

and availability of the destitute homes/orphanages to share the data. ENSYDE evaluated the

current energy, water and waste consumption/management practices to suggest

recommendations.

Nearly all of them are dependent on LPG for cooking and have high aggregate of organic

waste. Most of them use classic fluorescent tubes, although introducing LEDs is an attractive

option owing to its durability and low energy consumption. For fuel consumption, PNG

seems to be the best option, financially, but needs to be further developed for localization.

The organic waste can be managed by installing a small-scale biogas unit and pit

composting.

                                                                                           1
Environmental Baseline of Orphanages in Bangalore - (ENSYDE) 2016 Environmental Synergies in Development
Acknowledgements

Environmental Synergies in Development (ENSYDE) wishes to thank our intern, Mr. B S
Vivek, for conducting a thorough survey of the orphanages

Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 1
Background ....................................................................................................................... 3
Study Objective ................................................................................................................. 4
Scope................................................................................................................................. 4
Geographical Scope ................................................................................................................................5
Environmental Scope..............................................................................................................................6
Methodology of Assessment.............................................................................................. 6
Baseline Assessment ..............................................................................................................................7
Analysis of Potential Interventions .................................................................................. 11
Energy...................................................................................................................................................11
  Looking beyond LPG .........................................................................................................................11
  Lighting and Electricity .....................................................................................................................14
Water....................................................................................................................................................18
  Bio-sand filter ...................................................................................................................................18
Waste....................................................................................................................................................20
  Waste-to-energy (Biogas).................................................................................................................22
  Composting.......................................................................................................................................23
Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 23
References....................................................................................................................... 25
ANNEXURE – Questionnaire Data .................................................................................... 26
Sri Akkamahadevi Sevashrama Trust....................................................................................................26
Arya Sevashrama Trust .........................................................................................................................30

                                                                                                                                                         2
Environmental Baseline of Orphanages in Bangalore - (ENSYDE) 2016 Environmental Synergies in Development
St. Mary’s Orphanage ...........................................................................................................................33
Anatha Shishu Nivasa ...........................................................................................................................38
Abilashrayama Trust.............................................................................................................................41
Abalashrama.........................................................................................................................................44
Nirmala Shishu Bhavan.........................................................................................................................49
Auxilium Navajeevana ..........................................................................................................................53
Swanthana ............................................................................................................................................56
Angel’s Orphanage ...............................................................................................................................59
Peace Home..........................................................................................................................................61
Seva Sadan............................................................................................................................................64

Background

In Karnataka, orphanage homes are majorly categorised into three broad categories –

Destitute cottages, children homes and fit institutions.

The scheme for care and maintenance of destitute children is a district sector programme

constituting 274 cottages run by 183 Non-government Organization in 28 district with each

cottage sheltering 25 children each with the intention of bringing them to the mainstream

of the society by providing shelter, food, clothing, medical facility and education to orphan

and destitute children in these cottages. A maintenance cost of Rs. 1000/month per child (as

of 2016) is paid to these cottages by the Catalyst Management Services Pt. Ltd. through

Karnataka Evaluation Authority.

Children Homes are set up as per Section 30 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of

Children) Act, 2000, and aims at providing shelter during inquiry process, also long term

rehabilitation for orphan, destitute children in need of care and protection brought before

Child Welfare Committees. There are 56 children homes in the state, out of which 28 are for

                                                                                                                                                      3
Environmental Baseline of Orphanages in Bangalore - (ENSYDE) 2016 Environmental Synergies in Development
boys, 27 for girls and 1 home for children below age of 6 years (both boys and girls). By the

end of March 2016, 1390 boys and 1235 girls were admitted in these homes.

FIT Institutions are voluntary organisations, recognized by a provision under the Juvenile

Justice Act (2000), who provide care, protection and rehabilitation services to orphans and

destitute children. As of 2015, there are 43 voluntary organizations recognized as FIT

Institutions of which 11 are getting financial aid from the government. By the end of March

2016, 80 boys and 150 girls have been provided shelter in these institutions.

Study Objective
The study aimed to evaluate the environmental baseline of urban orphanages in Bangalore,

i.e., to identify the energy, water and waste management practices currently being

employed in a sample of orphanages in and around Bangalore City, India. Based on the

findings, we further evaluate the potential intervening clean technologies to be

incorporated to reduce the the environmental impact, increase efficiency and reduce

financial burden to these orphanages arising from inefficient energy, water and waste

management practices.

Scope
As the scope of the study is to carry out an environmental baseline assessment of

orphanages in Bangalore Urban District, we have further detailed the geographical and

environmental scope are further described below.

                                                                                           4
Geographical Scope
The study has been undertaken in orphanages in Bangalore Urban District (as per the

Annual Report 2015-2016, Department of Women and Child Development). In the

Bangalore Urban District there are 34 orphanages (destitute cottages and fit institutions) of

which 22 are active and 12 of them participated in the study. The institutions for which the

baseline data was obtained are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: List of Orphanages under this Study

No.    Name of Orphanage

1.     Sri Akkamahadevi Sevashrama Trust

2.     Arya Sevashrama Trust

3.     St. Mary’s Orphanage

4.     Anatha Shishu Nivasa

5.     Abilashrayama Trust

6.     Abalashrama

7.     Nirmala Shishu Bhavan

8.     Auxilium Navajeevana

9.     Swanthana

10.    Angels Orphanage

11.    Peace Home

12.    Seva Sadan

                                                                                           5
Environmental Scope
The environmental parameters that have been considered in this study are:

   1. Energy - Data related to various consumption points was listed and specific data

       collected for each orphanage. The consumption points included energy consumed

       from cooking, lighting and transportation. Data points included:

          •    Type and amount of fuel used for cooking

          •    Duration of fuel used

          •    Number and types of point lighting sources and water pumping motors

          •    Transport vehicle owned by the orphanage and fuel used for the transport

   2. Water – This parameter was assessed for:

           •   The quantity of water used daily

           •   Source and supply

           •   End use

           •   Water treatment and recycling methods employed

   3. Waste – Under this parameter, we assessed the

           •   Type of waste generated

           •   Quantity of waste generated

           •   Segregation of waste and waste disposal method opted by the orphanages

Methodology of Assessment

                                                                                          6
According to the Director of the Department of Woman and Children Welfare, there are no

guidelines on providing any special subsidy on fuel, water and electricity unique to destitute

cottages. Furthermore, there are no guidelines to help manage the waste for the same.

Each orphanage was visited on-site and the person in-charge was interviewed. The format

for the interview was a survey in the form of a questionnaire (Annexure 1) specifically

designed to extract information on energy consumption, water usage and waste

management practices of the orphanage.

Baseline Assessment
The strength of the orphanages were relatively small, ranging from 16 children in

Abilashrayama Trust to 240 children in St. Mary’s Orphanage. The average age group of the

children ranged from 0 – 18 years. In addition, in all the orphanages food was prepared in

residence.

  I.   Energy – Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the found to be most sought out fuel in

       orphanage kitchens for cooking, although a few of them have firewood as a

       secondary (emergency) source of fuel. The kitchens are small and all of them use gas

       stoves to cook with the exception of St. Mary’s Orphanage which used a smoke-

       proof Pyro Oven (capacity of 250 to 300 children).

       Of the orphanages surveyed, 50% have solar water heaters for the purpose of

       bathing and sometimes washing in winter.

Table 2: Energy Source & Technologies in Orphanages in Bangalore Urban District

              Orphanage/Energy Source            LPG           Firewood         Solar water
                                                                                  heater
Sri Akkamahadevi Sevashrama Trust                  !                                 !

                                                                                              7
Arya Sevashrama Trust                               !                 !

St. Mary’s Orphanage                                !                 !

Anatha Shishu Nivasa                                !                                 !

Abilashrayama Trust                                 !                                 !

Abalashrama                                         !                                 !

Nirmala Shishu Bhavan                               !

Auxilium Navajeevana                                !

Swanthana                                           !                 !

Angel’s Orphanage                                   !

Peace Home                                          !                                 !

Seva Sadan                                          !                 !               !

The other energy consuming points are the electricity for lighting, water pumps and water

treatment facility (non-existent). The secondary consumption arises in the form of fuel

required for transportation where transport exists. Barring Abalashrama and Seva Sadan, all

the other institution prominently use tubelights or CFL bulbs. Table 3 shows the data for

electrical energy consuming points.

Table 3: Different electrical energy consuming points

Orphanage\Energy                Electrical Points          Water          Transport Vehicle
consumption                                                pump
                        Tube        CFL bulb    LED bulb
                        light
 Sri Akkamahadevi      14 (36 W)        -           -      1 (1 hp)               -
 Sevashrama Trust

                                                                                              8
Arya Sevashrama           NA           NA           NA        1 (2 hp)            -
            Trust

           St. Mary’s   >100 (40         -            -       3=1(1hp)      Diesel-run Jeep
          Orphanage       W)                                  +2(2hp)          (Scorpio)

       Anatha Shishu    75 (40 W)       20           20        2 (5 hp)            -
              Nivasa
       Abilashrayama    10 (40 W)        -            -        1 (1 hp)            -
                Trust
        Abalashrama         -       50 (10-20     100 (5 W)    2 (3 hp)            -
                                       W)

       Nirmala Shishu   5 (40 W)         -            -        1 (4 hp)    Auto and Swaraj
              Bhavan                                                      Mazda (Ambulance)

           Auxilium     30 (40 W)        -            -       3=2(2hp)        Omni Van
        Navajeevana                                               +
                                                               1(3hp)
          Swanthana     5 (36 W)    20 (40 W)         -        1 (1 hp)       Omni Van
                                                                          (ambulance) and
                                                                          Bolero (passenger
                                                                               vehicle)
Angel’s Orphanage       25 (40 W)    5 (20 W)         -        1 (1 hp)      Maruti ECO

         Peace Home         -       35 (9 W, 30       -        1 (1 hp)            -
                                        W)

          Seva Sadan     12.5%        12.5%         75%       3=1(2hp)             -
                                                              +2(0.5hp)

 II.      Water – The average water consumption ranges from 500 L/day to 2000 L/day in the

          orphanages that were surveyed. The chief supplier of water is BWSSB but some of

          them use borewell water more than BWSSB water. The end uses of water were

          determined to be for cooking, washing, bathing, sanitation and in some cases even

          gardening.

                                                                                              9
In the case of Swanthana Orphanage, there is no proper water supply nor a borewell

       and the water is supplied through contractual purchase of water tankers (4 kL) every

       day. Not only is this expensive but also disrupts normal usage due to unreliability of

       water supply.

       When it comes to water treatment, none of the orphanages have any treatment

       system/facility to deal with waste water. There are however recycling and rainwater

       harvesting systems in some of the orphanages. Swanthana recycles used water for

       gardening and has recently installed a rainwater harvester which is yet to be

       operationalized.

       Similarly, the organizations Abalashrama, Seva Sadan and Nirmala Shishu Bhavan

       have installed rainwater harvesting systems. It should also be noted that all the

       orphanages have R.O. purification systems for drinking water, a technology that

       wastes over 50% of the water that is being purified.

III.   Solid Waste – The solid waste generated by these institutions mainly consists of

       organic waste from kitchen and small amounts of paper. The organizations are

       sensitive enough to segregate the waste into solid, dry and wet waste. The organic

       waste constitutes of vegetable peels, shells, wasted food, spillages etc. ranging from

       2 kg to 25 kg per day.

       Abalashrama in particular have paper recycling program which involves reusing the

       papers for making paper bags & envelopes then selling it, as a source of income.

                                                                                          10
Sevashrama in particular uses paper as a fuel with conjunction with firewood. Also

       the institution produces high amounts of cow dung, up to 10 kg of it and faces

       unfamiliar situation with it and has no immediate solution to reuse or recycle it.

Analysis of Potential Interventions
In this section we will evaluate technology options for remedial, efficiency and

environmental benefits. All options evaluated keep in mind low cost of replacement and or

alternatives.

Energy
Looking beyond LPG
Over the past few decades there is a surge in the number of domestic LPG in the country

and also the subsidy outlay associated with it, has increased at an unprecedented rate. LPG

fares high on cooking convenience, technology resilience and a significantly lower impact on

health due to complete combustion resulting less emission of gases compared to other

fuels. However, it has major drawbacks on the economic and assurance front, given the fact

that it is a non-renewable fuel, alternatives need to be considered. In addition, India

depends heavily on importing LPG, which has a direct bearing on the energy security of the

country.

To promote clean, affordable and sustainable cooking energy for all, there is a need to look

beyond LPG. The lack of alternatives and a near-total dependence on LPG would lead to

unforeseen consequences on energy security via locking onto a single technology.

Based on the type of cooktops available in market, the following were compared

                                                                                            11
i.    Gas: This type of cooktop has a burner on top and uses gas (LPG or PNG) to burn a

        flame that is used to cook food.

 ii.    Electric: This type of cooktop has a metallic coil that when passed a current through

        it, heats up due to resistance. This uses electricity to generate heat.

 iii.   Induction: It uses electricity to utilise the magnetic property of steel to directly heat

        the vessel in contact thus drastically reducing possibility of injury.

               Fig 1. Efficiency of various cook-tops through some boiling water test
                                 (Source – US: Department of Energy)

The efficiency mentioned in the above bar chart is based on the heat transferred to the pan

on top of it. Also the efficiency depends on the ratio of flame: heating surface of the pan

used. Also the above numbers are based on an ideal setup.

                                                                                              12
Let us compare the three sources through an example of boiling 10 litres of water (at 25ºC),

because it is imperative to factor in the cost of various sources.

Hence the energy required for boiling 10 litres of water at 25ºC

= 10000L x 4.2 KJ x 75 = 3150000 Joules

Table 4: Comparison of different cooktops

                        LPG Stove           PNG Stove         Induction      Electric
                                                               Cooktop       Cooktop

Unit Definition     1 Cylinder (14.2 kg         1 SCM           1 kWh         1 kWh
                           LPG)            (Standard cubic
                                               metre)

Energy (kJ) per          6,54,620              41,868            3600          3600
     unit

Energy (kJ) per          2,61,848             16,747.2           3024          2664
 unit factoring
   efficiency

Units Required             0.012               0.188             1.042         1.182
to heat 10 L of
    water.

 Cost per Unit     426 (subsidized)              23                  5           5
      (in
                   568 (unsubsidized)
      Rs)

Cost of heating         5.11 (sub)              4.33               5.21        5.91
 10 L water (in
      Rs)              6.81 (unsub)
Source: bijlibachao.com

Table 3 shows that even though the efficiency of the induction source is more than double

that of LPG/PNG, the cost of using it may not be proportional. From this we can see that a

                                                                                         13
subsidized LPG is still better than its electrical counterpart. But since there is no subsidy

provided by the Department of Women and Children Welfare towards the orphanages, the

other alternative sources seem more attractive.

Of all the energy sources, Piped Natural Gas (PNG), seems to be the cheapest of all

compared to cost per unit of Energy (J) required to heat the 10 L water, but its availability in

Bangalore has just began.

Lighting and Electricity
The lighting and electrical point sources of consumption were observed. All the orphanages

employ electric-run motor for water pumping system. Most of the orphanages had a single

1 hp to 3 hp motor. As of now, there are very limited alternatives to electric motor. One of

the upcoming alternatives is solar pump, but due to its exceedingly high installation cost [1],

orphanages in the survey, it is not a viable option.

When it comes to lighting, most of the orphanages vouch for 36W-40W fluorescent tubes

due to superior lighting (lumens) compared to CFL. LED is the least used source of

illumination in the orphanages, mainly owing to its heavy initial cost [2].

    -   Both tubelight and compact fluorescent lights (CFL) are similar in the sense that they

        employ the same fluorescent technology i.e., both comprise phosphorus and

        mercury to an extent and produce light when passed through these molecules. But

        that is where their similarity ends. The illumination of light from tubelight in the

        figures below is linear and irradiation pattern is cylindrical.

                                                                                             14
Fig 2. (a) Depiction of irradiation pattern of tubelight (b) A 36W tubelight

As such, the bright light from the tubelight extends over a large area and every inch of the

tubelight acting as a point source.

CFLs on the other hand are simply the miniature versions of the fluorescent tubelights. CFLs

are efficient and long lasting, but take time to warm up and take around 30-45 seconds to

reach full illumination from a cold start.

The point source of light emerging in a CFL bulb originates from the center and radiates

outside in circles as show in the figure below.

             Fig 3. (a) Depiction of irradiation pattern of CFL bulb (b) A 15W CFL bulb

                                                                                              15
-   Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), are getting popular and have started to replace the

    fluorescent bulbs[2], but are yet to find daily use everywhere. This is also the case in

    orphanages where the survey shows only 30% of have been able to employ it.

-   LED is the greenest choice in the lighting industry since it doesn’t contain any

    mercury, which is harmful for the environment unlike the fluoroscent lamps. In a

    research study[3], it was found that the electrical conversion efficiency of LED was

    found to be 88% (Fig 4), the highest among all the available lighting sources.

-   It also has to be noted that LEDs in the orphanages is more commonly used as

    emergency source of lighting in the form of torches and flashlights, but due to the

    hefty price of the LED tubes in the current market, are hesitant to replace the

    fluoroscent bulbs for normal lighting.

        Fig 4. (a) LED irradiation pattern                   (b) A 10W LED tube

                                                                                         16
Table 5: Comparison of different light sources and cost analysis

                                 Fluorescent-T8           CFL (15 W)       LED (10 W)
         Type of lighting            (36W)
               sources

  Parameters

    Life span (hours)                 15,000                 10,000              50,000

    Intensity of light                 60-80                      50              80
        (lumens)

No. of bulbs needed for                  3                        5                1
     50,000 hours

   Cost per bulb (Rs.)                   85                      200              950

   Cost of electricity                433.62                     180.4           120.45
 consumed a year (Rs.
       5.5/unit)

Total cost of electricity             10,155                     7,325           5,900
 and bulbs for 50,000
         hours
Source: Havells India, Philips India, Mint Research, July 2014

                                                                                          17
Fig 4. A graphical representation of stark contrast b/w the different
                                           energy parameters

Water

Bio-sand filter
This technology[7] makes use of cement, layers of sand, pebbles and a 2-inch standing layer
known as the “bio-layer”. The greywater flows to the top where bacterial predation occurs
in bio-layer.     Then the water moves through the filtration sand and, because of an
electrostatic charge, viruses adhere to the fine sand and are trapped within. This is known
as adsorption. Furthermore, because there’s no food, no light, and no oxygen, further
pathogen die-off takes place. The water then flows down into the pebbles and comes back
up in an outlet tube, and is stored in a clean water container with a lid to protect it from re-
contamination.

                                                                                             18
Fig 6. An infographic of bio-sand filter

The low cost Bio-sand filter costing about Rs. 3,000 has a lifetime of at least 30 years. It is

easy to maintain and filters 84 litres of water daily, enough for 10-12 people, or 70

schoolchildren. There is no ongoing costs, no maintenance costs, and no electricity costs.

                                                                                             19
Waste
Based on the findings that the majority of the waste generated by the orphanages is organic

(kitchen) waste and in the case of Seva Sadan in particular, there was a huge amounts of

cow dung in the vicinity, there are options to manage this in-situ rather than transport this

waste for disposal or processing. Various options could include composting, biogas

generation (that may supplement the LPG used for cooking) or bio-methanation in case of

larger units.

Table 5: Tabulation of waste parameters

          Waste               Type of Waste       Amount      Disposal         Disposal
             Parameters                              of       method           charges
                                                  waste(kg
Orphanage                                          /day)
Name

    Sri Akkamahadevi          Kitchen, paper         2        DTDC by        Rs. 30/month
    Sevashrama Trust                                           BBMP

 Arya Sevashrama Trust        Kitchen, paper         30       DTDC by       Rs. 800/month
                                                               BBMP
                            Kitchen, cardboard,
  St. Mary’s Orphanage             paper             10       DTDC by              -
                                                               BBMP

  Anatha Shishu Nivasa            Kitchen            5        DTDC by              -
                                                               BBMP

                                                                                            20
Kitchen, stationary
  Abilashrayama Trust                                     4            DTDC by         Rs. 50/month
                                                                        BBMP

      Abalashrama                    Kitchen              25           DTDC by               -
                                                                        BBMP

 Nirmala Shishu Bhavan               Kitchen              5            DTDC by               -
                                                                        BBMP
                                Kitchen, paper,
 Auxilium Navajeevana               polythene             10           DTDC by        Rs. 400/month
                                                                        BBMP
                                                                                     Rs. 2000/month
        Swanthana                 Kitchen, cloth          10       Incineration by   for firewood as
                                                                     incinerator          fuel for
                                                                                       incinerator

   Angel’s Orphanage                 Kitchen              6            DTDC by               -
                                                                        BBMP

       Peace Home                Kitchen, paper           3           Incineration           -

                               Kitchen, cow dung
       Seva Sadan                                         5            DTDC by        Rs. 100/month
                                                                        BBMP
DTDC: Door-to-door collection; BBMP: Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (Municipal Corporation)

                                         Waste Composihon

                                                   5%
                                            5%

                                   30%

                                                                60%

                    Kitchen      Paper     Cow dung       Others (cardboard, polythene)

                         Fig 7. Pie chart of the waste composition of the orphanages

                                                                                                      21
From Table 5 and Fig 6, the following observations were made:

    -   Major waste is kitchen waste, followed by paper and then wood waste in the case of St.

        Mary’s Orphanage and cow dung in Seva Sadan.

    -   All the orphanages dispose the waste daily by door-to-door collection by BBMP.

    -   Swanthana makes use of an incinerator due to which it costs them Rs. 2000/month for

        firewood, since the location of the orphanage is in the outskirts of the city, DTDC by BBMP is

        scarce.

    -   Seva Sadan have accumulated cow dung of nearly 100 kg in the past 6 month, which hasn’t

        been of use.

    -   It has also been found that in some cases, there are disposal charges regarding disposal of

        waste.

Waste-to-energy (Biogas)
From the above analysis, it is imperative to consider the option of biogas. Biogas is a fuel that is

clean and non-polluting containing methane (60%), having a high calorific value of 891 kJ/mol, and

when it comes to combustion is similar to the characteristics of natural gas[4].

It can be produced from cattle dung (in case of Seva Sadan), human waste and other organic matter

arising from household consumption through anaerobic digestion, in a biogas plant.

Typically for an orphanage like Seva Sadan, a 10 m3 sized plant could suffice for 50 children and 40

staff members. This would on an average require 25 kg of dung on daily basis (equivalent to daily

produce of ~2.5 adult cattle).

                                                                                                   22
In an urban city like Bangalore, given the low energy content of the kitchen or food waste, the ability

to cover the entire cooking needs of a household is low and invariably the biogas generated is used

for electricity generation [5]. For other orphanages, in combination with human waste, the option

needs to be evaluated for hybrid options with LPG or replacing it completely. It also provides a

feasible solution for managing solid organic waste and sewage water in decentralised manner

without adding to the load on the orphanages. Due to lack of resources and current limited cheaper

technologies, there is an obstacle for an in-depth analysis of the option.

Composting
Wherever biogas plant setup is not possible, a small pit composting unit can be installed on-site,

through which the resulting compost can be used for gardening (e.g. Swanthana) and to be sold to

generate a revenue.

Conclusions
From this report baseline assessment for orphanages in Bangalore, it can be concluded that

there is a need for looking beyond LPG, to other options such as PNG and induction cook

stoves in order to not heavily depend on only one source of fuel that is LPG. The energy

consumption can be reduced by acquiring LEDs and replacing the fluorescent bulbs

completely to save long term costs. Bio-sand filter has already been employed in rural areas

in different states in India and the demand for these filters is rising. The waste can be

managed by implementing small-scale biogas units and installing simple composting unit to

tackle solid wastes.

                                                                                                    23
24
References
  1. Rehman S.M (1978), “Comparative Costs of Water Pumping With Solar Energy, Wind
     Power, Petrol Engine and Electric Water Pump”, Mankind’s Future Source of Energy,
     2143-2146.

  2. Chakraborty S (2015), “A Comparative Study on the Consumption Behaviour of
     Modern Technology Lighting”. Globsyn Management Conference, 154-156.

  3. Heffernan W. J. B, Frater L. P. and Watson N.R (2007), “LED replacement for
     fluorescent tube lighting”. Power Engineering Conference.

  4. National Academy of Sciences (1977), “Methane Generation from Human, Animal,
     and Agricultural Wastes, 131.

  5. Abhishek Jain, Poulami Choudhury and Karthik Ganesan (2015), “Clean, Affordable
     and Sustainable Cooking Energy for India”. Council on Energy, Environment and
     Water (CEEW) Report.

  6. Research Study: Environmental Baseline of Mid-Day Meal Kitchens (2016),
     Environmental Synergies in Development (ENSYDE).

  7. Manz, David H., and P. Eng. "BioSand water filter technology household concrete
     design." Retrieved October 22 (2007): 2008.

                                                                                       25
ANNEXURE – Questionnaire Data

Sri Akkamahadevi Sevashrama Trust

                                    26
NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Sri Akkamahadevi Sevashrama Trust

ADDRESS                                #666, 3rd main, West of chord road,
                                       Rajajinagar, Bangalore - 560010

ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER
     NAME                              Umapathi (Manager)
     CONTACT NUMBER                    9663106864
     E-MAIL ADDRESS                    NA
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      25 girls (5 orphans)
INTAKE OF ORPHANS/YR                   Stays the same
NUMBER OF ORPHANS FINDING A            No adoption, girls study here from 5th
GUARDIAN(S)                            to 10th standard
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        6-18 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            Food prepared at orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,      Cooking done by gas stove only.
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)                                                    27
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 Two LPG cylinders per month
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 580 per cylinder
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       0.5 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       ~4 hrs
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          14 tubelights, 36W-TLD (Philips)
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)       1 motor for water pump, 1 HP, 240V
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)
                                       Solar water heater (100 litres/day)
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)    No transport
OTHER (SPECIFY)
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        1.8 kL

END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Cooking, bathroom and toilet

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       BWSSB
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             ~Rs. 1500/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Paper and organic
ORGANIC)
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Segregated as liquid and solid waste
SOURCE (Y/N)

                                                                              28
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      1-2 kg
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Disposed by door-to-door collection
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 Rs. 30/month
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            Yes to all
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               1 computer with no internet and 1
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,       library
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                             29
Arya Sevashrama Trust

NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Arya Sevashrama Trust

ADDRESS                                No. 3, 1st Block, Rajajinagar,
                                       Bangalore

ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER
      NAME                             Basave Gowda
      CONTACT NUMBER                   080-23571905
      E-MAIL ADDRESS                   aryasevashramatrust@gmail.com
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      75 (mostly single parent)
INTAKE OF ORPHANS/YR                   30-35
NUMBER OF ORPHANS FINDING A            NA
GUARDIAN(S)
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        8-18yrs, study from 1st std. to SSLC

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            Food prepared at orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,      Mode of heating done by gas
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)                                                  30
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 15 LPG cylinders/month
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 14250/month
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       1.5 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       5 hr
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          No data could be gathered on
                                       lighting, pumping.
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)      No transport
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)
OTHER (SPECIFY)
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        5-6 kL

END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Cooking, washroom and toilet

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       Borewell and BWSSB
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             ~ Rs. 7000/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Paper, toffee wrappers, organic
ORGANIC)
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Paper and food waste segregated

                                                                         31
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Paper and food waste segregated
SOURCE (Y/N)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      25-30 kg/day
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Door-to-door collection by BBMP
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 Rs. 800/month
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            Yes
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               5 computers with no internet, 1
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,       libraby
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                         32
St. Mary’s Orphanage

                       33
NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     St. Mary’s Orphanage

ADDRESS                                #8, 2nd cross, Da’Costa Layout, St.
                                       Mary’s Town, Bangalore - 560084

ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER           Director
     NAME                              Father I. Devakumar
     CONTACT NUMBER                    9731220653
     E-MAIL ADDRESS
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      marys.orphanage@gmail.com
INTAKE OF ORPHANS/YR                   38-40 per year
NUMBER OF ORPHANS FINDING A            NA
GUARDIAN(S)
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        6-18 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,      2 Pyro ovens used, capacity of
METHOD OF COOKING?                     serving     250-300    people,
                                       firewood(smoke-proof)

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG and firewood
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)                                                 34
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 4-6 gas cylinders
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 2400-3000/month
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       4 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       2 Pyro ovens take 30 min to boil
                                       water and food for 1 hr gas
                                       throughout the day
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          >100 tubelights (40W each), 3
                                       motors, one is small (1 hp) and other
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)
                                       two are big (2 hp), 1 jeep (diesel-
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)
                                       run) owned on temporary basis (2
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
                                       yrs), jeep used thrice a week (15
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)
                                       km/week)
OTHER (SPECIFY)
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        13-15 kL/month, 0.5kL/day
  -
END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Washing, cooking, bathing, sanitation
                                       and gardening

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       Borewell for gardening and BWSSB
                                       water for rest
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             Rs. 1000-1200/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Food, cardboard and paper
ORGANIC)

                                                                               35
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Waste separated as dry and wet
SOURCE (Y/N)                           waste
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      5-10 kg
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Door-to-Door collection by BBMP
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 NA
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            Y, Children given instructions to clear
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.   the area they eat food in 15-20 min
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               20-25 computers (Computer Lab)
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,       with internet and 1 library
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                                 36
37
Anatha Shishu Nivasa

NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Anatha Shishu Nivasa

ADDRESS                                #1A, 5th Main, NR Colony, Opp. BMS
                                       Engineering College, Bull Temple
                                       Road, Bangalore – 560019
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER           President
      NAME                             Venkata Krishna
      CONTACT NUMBER                   8762764643
      E-MAIL ADDRESS                   shishunivasa@gmail.com
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      64
INTAKE OF ORPHANS/YR                   NA
NUMBER OF ORPHANS FINDING A            NA
GUARDIAN(S)
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        0-18 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,      Steam boiler currently not in use
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)

                                                                            38
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 12-15 cylinders/month
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 12-15 cylinders/month
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 560/cylinder/month
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       4 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       4-5 hr
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          - Electricity bill – Rs. 25000/month
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)       - 75 tubelights, 20 CFL and 20 LED
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)      bulbs
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
                                       - 2 water motors, 5 hp each
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)
OTHER (SPECIFY)                        - 1 Maruti van, fuel cost – Rs.
                                       7000/month
                                       - Four solar water heater (500 L
                                       each)
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        NA

END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Cooking, drinking – BWSSB, others -
                                       Borewell

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       Both
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             Rs. 3000/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Kitchen waste (High)
ORGANIC)

                                                                              39
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Y (dry and wet)
SOURCE (Y/N)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      5 kg/day
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Door-to-door collection by BBMP
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 NA
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            Y
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               15 PCs with Internet, 1 Library
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                         40
Abilashrayama Trust
NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Abilashrayama Trust

ADDRESS                                #373, 2nd cross, Muniswamappa
                                       Layout, Opp. Kodigehalli Railway
                                       Station, Bangalore
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER           Kalyankrishna Bandaru (Director)
      NAME                             Sudha (Caretaker)
      CONTACT NUMBER                   080-41737927
      E-MAIL ADDRESS                   abilashrayama@gmail.com
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      16
INTAKE OF ORPHANS/YR                   NA
NUMBER OF ORPHANS FINDING A            NA
GUARDIAN(S)
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        8-15 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,      NA
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA

TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)
                                                                          41
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 2 cylinder + 1(emergency)
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 500-1000/month
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       1 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       3-4 hr
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          - Electricity Bill – Rs. 4000/month
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)       - 10 tubelights (40W each)
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)
                                       - 1 motor (1 hp)
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)    - 1 solar water heater (since 2 yr)
OTHER (SPECIFY)
                                       - No transport
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        12 water tankers (4000 L each) per
                                       month, approx. 50 kL/month or 1.6
                                       kL/day
END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Cooking, washing, sanitation

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       BWSSB through tankers
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             Rs. 4800/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Organic and stationary waste
ORGANIC)
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Y (dry and wet)

                                                                             42
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Y (dry and wet)
SOURCE (Y/N)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      3-4 kg
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Door-to-door collection by BBMP
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 Rs. 50/month
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            Y
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               2 PCs with Internet, 1 projector, 1
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,       Library
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                             43
Abalashrama

              44
NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Abalashrama

ADDRESS                                125-6, Dr. DVG Road, Basavangudi,
                                       Bangalore-560064
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER           Hon. Secretary
     NAME                              B.V. Sesha
     CONTACT NUMBER                    9843334329
     E-MAIL ADDRESS                    abalashrama@yahoo.com
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      65
INTAKE OF ORPHANS/YR
NUMBER OF ORPHANS FINDING A
GUARDIAN(S)
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        16< years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,      NA
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)

AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 10 cylinders                        45
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 1000/2 cylinders
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       4-5 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       4-5 hr
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          - Rs. 9000/month
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)       - 150 LED & CFL bulbs (10-20 W)
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)
                                       - 2 motors (3 hp both)
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)    - Solar water      heater   (2000   L
OTHER (SPECIFY)                        capacity)
                                       - No transport
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        10 kL/month or 0.33 kL/day
END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Washing,, cooking, sanitation and
                                       construction

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       Both
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    Y, no further information could be
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS        obtained
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             Rs. 1600/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Kitchen waste, paper
ORGANIC)
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Y, Wet and dry waste, paper recycled
SOURCE (Y/N)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      25 kg
OF WASTE)

                                                                               46
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      25 kg
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Door-to-door collection on a daily
                                       basis
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 NA
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            Y, Talks and awareness programs
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.   held. Production of self-made paper
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION         bags and used as a source of income.
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS        Reuse of paper as envelopes.
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               25 PC with internet, 1 library.
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                              47
48
Nirmala Shishu Bhavan

NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Nirmala Shishu Bhavan

ADDRESS                                Hennur Main Road, Richard’s Town,
                                       Bangalore-560084
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER           Missionary of Charity
      NAME                             Sister Rosily
      CONTACT NUMBER                   080-25474993
      E-MAIL ADDRESS                   NA
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      35
INTAKE OF ORPHANS/YR
NUMBER OF ORPHANS FINDING A            NA
GUARDIAN(S)
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        6 months to 16 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,      NA
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)

AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 8 cylinders/month                   49
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 475.5/cylinder
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       5-10 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       3 hr
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          - Electricity bill : Rs. 10000/month
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)       - 5 tubelights (40 W)
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)
                                       - 1 motor (4 hp)
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)    - 1 auto and ambulance (multi-
OTHER (SPECIFY)                        purpose)
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        NA

END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Cooking, washing (high), washroom,
                                       gardening

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       Borewell (since last 6 months)
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    Y (water     collected   in   rain     to
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS        Borewell)
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             Rs. 1500/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Sweep dust, food waste
ORGANIC)
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Waste segregated (plastic bottles
SOURCE (Y/N)                           from food waste)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      3-5 kg
OF WASTE)

                                                                                   50
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      3-5 kg
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Bin collected by BBMP
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 NA
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            Y
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               1 laptop, 1 tv and library
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                    51
52
Auxilium Navajeevana

NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Auxilium Navajeevana

ADDRESS                                No. 257, 1st Main,     Chamrajpet,
                                       Bangalore – 560018
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER
     NAME                              Sister Anna Thayil
     CONTACT NUMBER                    9008783579
     E-MAIL ADDRESS                    auxiliumsociety@gmail.com
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      65
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        6-18 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 6-7 cylinders/month
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 650/cylinder
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       1 km
KITCHEN)                                                                    53
HOURS OF COOKING                       2.5 hours
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          - 30 tubelights (40 W)
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)       - 3 pumps (two 2 hp and one 3 hp)
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)
                                       - 1 Omni van ( Rs. 12000/month for
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
                                       petrol and 800 km/month)
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)
OTHER (SPECIFY)
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        1 kL/day

END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Washing, cooking, washroom and
                                       sanitation

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       Borewell (80%) and BWSSB (20%)
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             Rs. 250-300/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Paper, wrappers, food waste,
ORGANIC)                               polythene covers
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            N
SOURCE (Y/N)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      10 kg/day
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Door-to-door collection by private
                                       workers
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 Rs. 400/month

                                                                            54
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            Y
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               7 PC and 2 Laptops, internet for office
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,       usage and 1 library
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                                 55
NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Swanthana

ADDRESS                                Sarjapura Road, Ambedkar Nagar,
                                       Carmalaram Post, Banagalore –
                                       560035
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER
     NAME                              Sister Regina
     CONTACT NUMBER                    09986951855
     E-MAIL ADDRESS                    swanthana.care@gmail.com
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      50
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        4 months – 18 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)

Swanthana
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 5-6 cylinders/month
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)                                               56
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       5 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       4 hr
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          -   Electricity    charges    :       Rs.
                                       15000/month
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)      - 5 tubelights (36 W) and 20 CFL
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,   bulbs (40 W)
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)
                                       - 1 motor (1 hp)
OTHER (SPECIFY)
                                       - 1 ambulance (OMNI - Fuel : Rs.
                                       14000/month, 200 km/month) and 1
                                       passenger vehicle (BOLERO – Fuel :
                                       Rs. 5000/month)
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        2 kL/day

END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Washing, bathing,      cooking    and
                                       gardening

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       No BWSSB/Borewell, water tankers
                                       (4 kL) used 5-6 times/week
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     Y, end water from other sources re-
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER      used for gardening
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    Y, recently installed a rainwater
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS        harvester but not yet operational
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             Rs. 2400/week
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Cloth waste, food waste, sanitation
ORGANIC)                               waste (diapers)

                                                                                   57
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Y
SOURCE (Y/N)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      8-10 kg
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       All waste incinerated by incinerator.
                                       Firewood bought monthly for Rs.
                                       2000, open-type, no gas treatment
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 Rs. 2000/month for firewood
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            N (since children are mentally
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.   challenged)
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               3 PC with internet and no library
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                               58
NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                       Angels Orphanage

ADDRESS                                  Anatha Ashram Compound, Opp. St.
                                         Xavier’s School, Old Cemetery Road,
                                         Shivajinagar, Bangalore - 560051
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER             Director
     NAME                                Sabina Solomon
     CONTACT NUMBER                      9901540582
      E-MAIL ADDRESS                     angelsorphanage4@gmail.com
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                        50
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS          4-18 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT             At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM EXTERNAL
SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM? (MDMs, NA
HOTEL, MILITRY MESS, RESTAURANT, TIFFIN
CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT FROM   NA
THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,     LPG, firewood used only when there is
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)             no power

AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED DAILY/MONTHLY 7 cylinders/month
(kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                   Rs. 4000/7 cylinders/month

Angel’s Orphanage
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM         4 km
KITCHEN)

                                                                                 59
HOURS OF COOKING                          2-3 hr
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS             - Electricity charges : Rs. 10000-
   - LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)          12000/month
   - PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)         - 25 tubelights, 5 CFL bulbs and 4
   - TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,      electric geysers
      KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)      - 1 motor (1 hp)
                                          - 1 transport vehicle (Maruti ECO –
OTHER (SPECIFY)                           runs 50 km/day and petrol costs up to
                                          Rs. 15000/month
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)           1-2 kL

END USES OF WATER (LITERS)                Cooking, washing,      sanitation   and
                                          gardening
SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)          BWSSB
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)            N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF YES,   N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,       N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)                Rs. 17000-Rs. 18000
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,        Kitchen waste(high)
ORGANIC)
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT SOURCE        Y (solid and wet waste)
(Y/N)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY OF      5 – 6 kg/day
WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL          Door-to-door collection by BBMP
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                    NA
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT ABOUT         Y, also caretakers are social workers
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g. PUBLIC
LITTERING, SENSTIZATION TOWARDS TREES,
USING PAPER BAGS INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)

                                                                                    60
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS TECHNICALLY      1 PC with internet and 1 library
EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER, INTERNET, LIBRARY)

NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                        PEACE HOME

ADDRESS                                   Bethesda     House,    1st  cross,
                                          Jayanthinagar Extn. Horamavu Post,
                                          Bangalore – 560043
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER
      NAME                                G. J. Kumar
      CONTACT NUMBER                      9341701368
      E-MAIL ADDRESS                      gjk_sungmun1@gmail.co.in
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                         49
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS           3-14 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT               At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?           NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT         NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,      LPG
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)

Peace Home
AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                    7 cylinders/month
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)                                                     61
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 525/cylinder/month
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       1 km
KITCHEN)

HOURS OF COOKING                       4-5 hours
OTHER ENERGY CONSUMING POINTS          - Electricity charges: Rs. 4800/month
  -  LIGHTING (NOS. & TYPE/WATT)       - 35 CFL bulbs (9W and 30W)
  -  PUMPING (NOS. & HP CAPACITY)
                                       - 1 motor(1hp)
  -  TRANSPORT VEHICLES (NOS., TYPE,
     KMS RUN PER MONTH, FUEL, COST)    - 1 Solar water heater (3000L –
OTHER (SPECIFY)                        shared with adjacent building)
                                       - No transport
WATER DATA
AMOUNT OF WATER USED DAILY (KL)        1.5-2 kL/day

END USES OF WATER (LITERS)             Cooking, washing, sanitation and
                                       gardening

SOURCE OF WATER (BWSSB/BOREWELL)       Borwell
WATER TREATMENT FACILITY (Y/N)         N
WATER RECYCLING FACILITY (Y/N). IF     N
YES, MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER
IS RECYCLED.
RAINWATER HARVESTING (Y/N). IF YES,    N
MECHANISM AND HOW MUCH WATER IS
HARVESTED.
EXPENDITURE ON WATER (RS.)             Rs. 6000/month
WASTE DATA
TYPE(S) OF WASTE GENERATED (PAPER,     Kitchen and paper waste
ORGANIC)
WHETHER WASTE SEGREGATED AT            Y, dry and wet waste
SOURCE (Y/N)
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      2-3 days

                                                                               62
AMOUNT OF WASTE (DATA BY CATEGORY      2-3 days
OF WASTE)

CURRENT METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL       Burned in an open containment unit
COST OF DISPOSAL (RS.)                 NA
EDUCATION & AWARENESS
WHETHER CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT            N
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (for e.g.
PUBLIC LITTERING, SENSTIZATION
TOWARDS TREES, USING PAPER BAGS
INSTEAD OF POLYTHENE)
WHETHER THE ORPHANAGE IS               1 PC without internet and 1 library
TECHNICALLY EQUIPPED? (COMPUTER,
INTERNET, LIBRARY)

                                                                             63
Seva Sadan

             64
NAME OF ORPHANAGE:                     Seva Sadan

ADDRESS                                #4, East Park Road, 13th cross,
                                       Malleswaram, Bangalore - 560003
ORPHANAGE DIRECTOR/CARETAKER           Hon. Secretary
     NAME                              Hema Srinivas
     CONTACT NUMBER                    080-23347830
     E-MAIL ADDRESS                    sevasadan.36@gmail.com
NUMBER OF ORPHANS                      52
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF ORPHANS        6-18 years

WHETHER FOOD IS PREPARED AT            At orphanage
ORPHANAGE OR CATERED FROM
EXTERNAL SOURCE?
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, WHERE FROM?        NA
(MDMs, HOTEL, MILITRY MESS,
RESTAURANT, TIFFIN CENTRE)
IF EXTERNAL SOURCE, HOW FAR IS IT      NA
FROM THE ORPHANAGE? (Km)
IF FOOD IS PREPARED AT ORPHANAGE,      Normal, stove
METHOD OF COOKING?

ENERGY DATA
TYPE OF FUEL(S) USED (LPG, KEROSENE,   LPG, firewood used during monsoon
DIESEL, COKE/COAL, FIREWOOD)           (3 months) used for bathe

AMOUNT OF FUEL SOURCED                 10 cylinders
DAILY/MONTHLY (kgs/liters)
EXPENSES ON FUEL (RS.)                 Rs. 500/cylinder
POINT OF ORIGIN OF FUEL (KM FROM       1 km                                65
KITCHEN)
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