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RURAL WATER NEWS
EPA ups the ante
National Federation
of Group Water Schemes
Magazine of the Group Water Scheme Sector
Autumn 2007 Volume 9 Issue 3
Office of Environmental Enforcement identifies key issues
The EPA’s annual report on Improvement Referring to public said that ‘actions must deal
drinking water quality is to According to Ger O’Leary of schemes, he said that the with the root causes of prob-
become stronger on the Office of Environmental absence of chlorine monitor lems’ and should not be ‘a
enforcement and will map Enforcement, agreement has alarms is an area that should patch job’.
been reached with the Health be dealt with immediately. In Many public plants are run-
out what needs to happen
Service Executive on the cri- addition, Mr O’Leary stressed ning above their design
over the next number of teria that will be applied for the need for public schemes to capacity, he said, adding that
years. placing and lifting a boil be active on the following: this is inconsistent with sus-
As part of a radical over- notice. • the provision of chlorine taining drinking water quality.
haul, we are likely to see a Speaking to delegates booster stations, where And in a clear reference to
profiling of schemes consid- attending the National Water needed; the contamination crisis that
ered at risk, with three options Summit held in Croke Park • measuring turbidity at the hit group schemes in the East
being presented, the most seri- Conference Centre on 2 & 3 inflow and outflow from Cavan DBO bundle earlier
ous being a recommendation October, Mr O’Leary said that treatment plants. this year, he called for tighter
to shut down a supply where a recent report suggests that Root causes controls over the chemicals
there is serious and persistent many water supplies are in the Speaking about the water used in the treatment of
In this issue:
non-compliance. ‘high risk’ category. supply sector as a whole, he drinking water.
Page
Comment ......................................3
Water matters: have your say! ....3
Rural Water Conference 2007 ....4
Effective management means huge
savings on Cavan largest GWS ..7
The legislative context explained 9
Water Framework Directive:
significant management issues ....11
Delays in south Leinster project 13
Practical measures of source
protection ....................................13
Make returns to Registrar ..........13
Report awaited on East Cavan
crisis ..............................................14
Keeping members informed –
for free ..........................................15
Important seminars to consider
regulations ....................................15
The state of the RWP ................16
Treatment alone is not enough ....16
Updates on pilot projects ............17
Regional Reports:
Connacht ......................................19
Ulster ............................................21
Ger O’Leary of the Office of Environmental Enforcement speaking at the National Water Summit held in Croke Leinster ........................................24
Park conference centre on 2 & 3 October. Munster ........................................27
1
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
2
Comment Water Matters
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
have your say!
Can the people of Ireland be trusted with protection of the
environment and of our water courses in particular? This was
the question posed by Professor Tom Collins in a thought-pro-
voking concluding address to this year’s Rural Water Services
Conference.
Public consultations on key and Nenagh (Abbey Court)
Arguing for a decisive shift from ‘a water treatment philosophy
issues affecting waterways respectively.
to a water protection philosophy’, the Chairperson of the For further info, phone Jean
in the Shannon River Basin
National Rural Water Monitoring Committee didn’t mince his Hartery at 061-337914, or
District and Western River
words, stating that we (the people of Ireland) are ‘systemically email info@shannonrbd.com
Basin District will be held
untrustworthy’ when it comes to environmental issues. Western RBD
over the next two months.
Harsh as this may sound, I doubt if there was anyone present Pat Canney is the contact for
In the Shannon RBD
at the conference (myself included) who could claim, hand on (including a region from the Western RBD that extends
heart, that they never knowingly did something that would south Cavan to north Kerry), from Mullaghmore in Sligo to
damage the environment. You know what I mean ... the bag of the consultation process the Burren in Clare. He is
rubbish thrown over the hedge, the bog or other wetland begins in hotels in Ennis available at 091-746804 or
infilled with spoil or building rubble, the oil poured down a (West County) on 9 October, ecanney@galwaycoco.ie.
drain, the septic tank that doesn’t work, the slurry spread in followed by Limerick Consultations are at 7.30pm
unsuitable conditions ... I could go on! (Kilmurry Lodge) on the 10th in Castlebar (Day’s) on 10
As Professor Collins suggested, we have been deluded into and Tralee (Brandon) on the October and continue in
thinking that technology can solve every mess that we create. 11th. All start at 8pm. November in Sligo (Sligo
We have bought into the ludicrous Victorian notion that tech- If you have already missed Park) on 5th; Galway City
nology can control the environment. these, four other consulta- (Radisson) on the 13th;
We need to build a new ‘civic morality’, according to tions take place between 22 Clifden (Station House) on
Professor Collins and the rural water sector should be to the and 25 October, at Carrick-on- the 15th; Ballyvaughan (St
forefront of this, setting 2020 as the target date to have Shannon (Landmark), Mount- John’s Community Hall) on
restored our waterways to pristine condition. nugent (Crover House), the 20th and in Tuam
The Water Framework Directive will maintain a focus on this Athlone (Prince of Wales) (Corralea Court) on the 27th.
Water Well Drilling
issue for years to come, but surely we don’t have to wait for
the threat of sanctions before we start doing the right thing?
Water Quality Improvements at Source
Locally, stakeholders need to be brought together to tackle the
issue of water pollution and there needs to be active cross-
county and cross-border co-operation to deal with river and One of the most important tasks for any group water
lake catchments. scheme is to consider the performance of your
Let’s focus first on our drinking water sources, because there
groundwater source in terms of quality and quantity.
has to be community buy-in to this and people are most likely • Low-cost trial drilling can establish water supply
to buy into protection of their own drinking water source. and water quality prior to developing production
Begin by mapping the river catchment or aquifer, then identify well/treatment system specification.
the risks and the potential risks. Finally, take steps to eliminate • Cement-sealed wells prevent shallow surface-water
those risks, so that our sources can begin their recovery. entering a supply, reducing the risk of contamination.
The source protection pilot project at Churchill & Oram GWS • An inert uPVC casing/
has provided valuable lessons in all of this and the team at screen or stainless steel
DkIT are available to share their expertise. Schemes and local screen with gravel pack
authorities should be setting aside resources in the coming between screen section
year, taking the first decisive step in building a ‘civic morality’ and open hole helps pre-
and achieving the target suggested by Professor Collins. vent the ingress of silt/
Disclaimer sand into a water supply.
While every care has been taken to ensure that the information Contact the experienced
contained in this publication is up to date and correct, no professionals
responsibility will be taken by the National Federation of Patrick Briody & Sons Ltd
Group Water Schemes for any error which might occur. Briody Aquadrill Services
Although grateful for the support of our advertisers, readers The Grove
should note that inclusion of an advertisement does not imply Rathangan, Co. Kildare
any form of recommendation.
We try to ensure the reliability of advertisers, but Rural Tel. 045-524360 or 087-2589313
Water News cannot accept liability for the quality of goods and Fax 045-524785
services offered. Web:www.briodydrilling.com
3
Rural Water Conference 2007
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
Minister acknowledges ‘positive impact’ of EU scrutiny
254 delegates attending the Action Plan
rural water conference in Pointing to the work of the
Cavan heard Minister Tony National Rural Water
Killeen, TD, acknowledge Monitoring Committee, he
what he described as the said that the action plan pro-
‘positive impact’ that the duced in 2003 in response to
EU focus on water quality the European Court of Justice
has had for Ireland. ruling against Ireland ‘was
Referring to his personal very substantially delivered
involvement as a committee on’ and ‘superb work has
member of Kilnaboy GWS in been done’.
County Clare and the open- Turning to the future of the
ing earlier this year of four sector, he continued:
DBO treatment plants in his ‘The situation has moved
native county, the Minister light years away from what it
said that he was struck by the used to be. Today we are pre-
‘extraordinary change’ of sented with very different
recent years. challenges and to meet those
Having been charged with challenges, schemes need to
responsibility for the rural be managed in an entirely
water sector in the Department different manner.’
of the Environment, Heritage The quality of training will, implementing source protec- tion rather than confrontation
& Local Government, he said, ‘be a critical issue’ in tion and on other key areas that we address these crucial
Minister Killeen told confer- ensuring quality delivery of affecting the rural water sec- matters.’
ence delegates EU scrutiny rural water services. tor. He concluded: Management theme
has ‘acted as a catalyst’ for The Minister made a plea to ‘I would like to think that Following on from the
the transformation taking GWS Boards of Management notwithstanding the provi- Minister’s address, the need
place in the sector and should and to local authorities to sions of the new regulations, for effective management
be welcomed for that reason. work closely together on it will be through co-opera- was echoed in contributions
from conference speakers.
In the course of a sectoral
overview, NFGWS Research
& Development Officer,
Brian MacDonald, cautioned
against complacency, arguing
that while there had been
great strides in terms of put-
ting physical infrastructure in
place, the managerial chal-
lenge is emerging as a new
priority for group water
schemes.
Stating that water treatment
should only be regarded as ‘a
step in the right direction’, he
said that the Cryptosporidium
outbreak in County Galway
and East Cavan’s Phenol
contamination crisis had
exposed the fact that things
Above: Prior to the conference, Minister Tony Killeen, TD, and his officials met with representatives of the can and will go wrong and
Water Services National Training Group and the National Federation of Group Water Schemes. Pictured, front
row (l-r) Terry Allen (DoEHLG), Terry Ó Niadh (WSNTG), Minister Killeen and Brendan O’Mahony
schemes must prepare to deal
(NFGWS). Back row (l-r) Carthage Cusack (DoEHLG), Tom Kirby (WSNTG) and Seán Clerkin (NFGWS). with setbacks and to learn
Top right: WSNTG Chairperson, Terry Ó Niadh made a presentation to Minister Killeen following his address. from them.
4
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
‘This will require consistent This was the question an agreed contract offers the The restructured subsidy
management’, he said, posed to GWS committees best way forward. will, she said, go some way
adding: by NFGWS Health & Safety Resentment to addressing this, but regard-
‘In addition to managing the per- Officer, Karen Mulkeen, as She warned, however, that less of any obstacles, it is
formance of their treatment sys- she made the case for the employment of a manager crucial that GWS committees
tem (whether DBO or not), employment of paid man- may raise issues in relation to recognise that this is the only
schemes must manage sources agers ‘to ease the burden on finance and potential resent- sustainable course if they are
to maintain quality and quantity our voluntary activists’. ment, as someone is now to meet the requirements of
of supply, manage water quality While voluntarism was, being paid to do work that oth- the recently-introduced legis-
in the network, manage the net- and would remain, ‘the ers formerly did for nothing. lation and regulations.
work itself to avoid wastage and bedrock’ of a group water
manage finances and the wider scheme, the range of tasks
business affairs of their co- facing a GWS in securing a
operative.’ licence and managing their
Mr MacDonald concluded business, meant that volun-
that the new subsidy negoti- tarism alone is simply not
ated between the Federation sustainable, she said.
and the Department is Ms Mulkeen told delegates
expected to reflect the grow- that to secure a licence, water
ing need for effective man- service providers will have to
agement in all group water consistently demonstrate
schemes. quality water and quality
Preparing for licensing consumer service achived
‘Can you, with hand on heart through quality management.
say that there will be others Listing almost 30 specific
prepared to do all that is tasks facing a group scheme
required when you step in meeting these obligations,
down, bearing in mind that she said that a manager
each year more and more is qworking under the dirfec- National Water Services Project Manager, Kevin Reilly, chaired the
required?’ tion of a GWS Board and to second session at the conference.
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5
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
6
Effective management means huge
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
savings on Cavan’s largest GWS
Cavan’s largest group water
scheme has managed to
save its consumers about
€230,000 annually by
reducing water wastage
through its distribution net-
work and there are plans for
further savings in the
months ahead.
This was the message
delivered by Erne Valley
GWS manager, Mairéad
Sheridan, whose presentation
to the Rural Water
Conference underlined what
schemes can achieve through
appointing a dedicated man-
ager and maintenance staff.
Erne Valley GWS
With almost 1,600 connec-
tions, of which 1,140 serve a
domestic dwelling (some- Mairéad Sheridan, Manager of Erne Valley GWS, pictured with Cathage Cusack of the DoEHLG.
times in addition to a farm- the Baker’s successful busi- committee was to reduce with high usage were alerted
yard), Erne Valley is one of ness in Granard meant that daily demand to a level that they might have leaks.
Ireland’s biggest group water she had ample experience in where the treatment plant Similarly, those with unautho-
schemes. business management. could become operational. rised connections were urged
Its 240 km network links a Working closely with the In additon to completing to regularise their situation or
large rural of south west committee, she began to the universal metering con- face the consequences,
Cavan. Formerly, this region implement a plan to have tract, this required the including legal action and
was served by two schemes quality treated water flowing appointment of a dedicated disconnection!
Gartylough GWS and to homes across the scheme caretaker to deal with main- Since the waste reduction
Brusky/Killydoon GWS, but at the earliest opportunity. tenance and repairs on an programme began, daily
in 2005, these amalgamated As things stood, the new ongoing basis. In August demand has dropped to 3,300
to form Erne Valley GWS. state-of-the-art water treat- 2006, John Masterson was m3 (726,000 gallons) across
Following amalgamation, a ment plant could not be appointed to this position fol- the entire network, a 42%
major upgrade programme switched on, because of mas- lowing normal recruitment reduction! In terms of the
began, including construc- sive water loss along the dis- procedures. financial benefit, the scheme
tion of a treatment plant, an tribution network. In little over a year since is saving about €230,000
11-km interconnecting pipe Demand then, 500 leaks have been annually on the volumetric
and universal metering. At the time of her appoint- detected and dealt with. More payment to the treatment
To oversee these works, the ment, daily demand stood at significantly, the completion plant operator.
new 15-strong committee a staggering 5,700 m3 (1.25 of the universal metering Mairéad Sheridan revealed
moved quickly to employ a million gallons) per day, programme meant that the that with a further ongoing
part-time manager. more than twice the design GWS has been able to move programme of replacing
Candidate demand. The capacity of the away from its former flat-rate defective mains, installing
After a process of advertising new treatment plant was billing system to a charging pressure reduction valves and
and interviews, Mairéad 3,500 m3 (770,000 gallons), policy based on usage. establishing district (bulk)
Sheridan emerged as the suc- but it could reach 4,400 m3 Meters meter areas across the
cessful candidate and was (968,000 gallons) peak As soon as the meters scheme, it is hoped to
appointed on 8 May 2006. demand. became operational, they achieve a 3,000 (660,000) m3
Her experience in the The priority for Mairéad were read by committee daily demand by the end of
accounts department of Pat Sheridan and the Erne Valley members and those members this year.
7
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
Benefits with algae, should the problem
Apart from financial savings, re-occur, but Mairéad
the benefits of an effective Sheridan told delegates that
management strategy were her objective as manager will
witnessed when unforeseen be to get to the cause of the
problems arose after the problem and to recommend
treatment plant was switched the introduction of appropriate
in April this year. source protection measures.
An unprecedented algal Information
bloom hit Garty lough, the Consumer education is clearly
scheme’s source in June and high on her agenda. Besides
again in August. The treat- issuing bills detailing the
ment plant hadn’t been volume of water through the
designed to deal with this meter, all members will
problem and there was no receive a newsletter in
option but to shut it down advance of the AGM.
temporarily on both occa- Mairéad Sheridan accepted
sions. that her role requires positive
The manager’s task was to support from a range of
address the public health people, not least the water
issues involved, ensure a services section of Cavan
flow of information to the County Council.
committee and the wider She concluded by paying
membership, organise the tribute to the committee of
scouring of lines after the Erne Valley GWS and to
events, as well as working John Masterson, for ensuring
with the service provider that the scheme is on its way
(EPS) to find a solution. to achieving quality water
The treatment system is and a quality service through
now being expanded to cope effective management.
8
Explaining the
Autumn 2007
legislative
Rural Water News
Water Services Act The full enforcement of the
In recent years, Pat Keane of provisions of the Act in tersm
the Water Services Policy of the licensing of group
context
Section of the DoEHLG has water schemes will follow
become a familiar face to production of appropriate
rural water activists. guidelines, Mr Keane said.
A key figure in drafting the Habitats & Heritage
Water Service Bill as it A legislative area that has not
appeared before the Houses figured largely in the minds
of the Oireachtas (and in of rural water activists, but
redrafting it on its tortuous has presented major chal-
This year’s conference Authority can also issue
route towards enactment), he lenges to GWS upgrades in
broke new ground when a directions in relation to water
returned this September to some areas, is the protection
representative of the treatment.
explain the measure as it was afforded to designated areas
Environmental Protection The regulations also require
finally enacted and signed and heritage sites.
Agency addressed delegates. an ‘immediate investigation’
into law on 14 May. Oliver Fogarty, a senior
Darragh Page, an Inspector into the cause of a problem
Operational advisor in the DoEHLG,
with the environmental where remedial action is
Amongst its operational pro- addressed the sometimes con-
watchdog outlined the impli- called for and a strict
visions, the Act allows a local flicting claims of public
cations for the rural water timescale is laid down for the
authority (WSA) to close, or health and the legal protec-
sector of the European preparation by the group
order remediation, of polluted tion afforded to particular
Communities (Drinking scheme of an ‘action plan’.
drinking water sources. designated sites and species,
Water) Regulations, 2007. This plan may then be
Where there is a temporary and outlined a protocol that
Explaining that local amended.
interruption of supply that should applied in such cases.
authorities are to be Water Offences exceeds 24 hours, an alterna- Apart from 60 different
Supervisory Authorities for Mr Page detailed a series of tive source of domestic drink- habitats, including turloughs,
group schemes, he said that offences under the regula- ing water must be provided. raised bogs, blanket bogs,
under the regulations, they tions. Amongst these, it is an A WSA has strengthened clean lakes and limestone
have strengthened powers of offence ‘to fail to carry out a acquisition powers under the pavement, protection is given
enforcement, new powers of direction to prevent, limit, Act. This includes power to to 25 endangered species,
direction and the ability to eliminate or abate a risk to acquire a waterworks where including otters, bats, salmon
impose sanctions. health’. two-thirds of the members of and freshwater pearl mussels.
A Water Supervisory Similarly, failure to prepare a GWS agree. International conventions
Authority (WSA) can now and implement an action pro- ‘Orphan’ schemes (where (signed up to by Ireland)
direct a water supplier to gramme, inform consumers there is no active committee) mean that, when planning
keep and submit records about remedial action, main- can be taken-in-charge, while development, special consid-
relating to : tain records of incidents, or to a WSA has power to take eration must be given to these
• Management and treat- make records available to over management of a and to archaeological sites.
ment of water supervisory authorities, are scheme on a temporary basis, A water service provider,
• Monitoring results all deemed an offence. and to charge the costs for example, would have to
• Corrective actions Under Regulation 19, it is involved to the scheme. demonstrate conclusively that
• Disinfection an offence to: Under the Act, it an offence no alternative existed when
• Information for inclusion • refuse access to an autho- to damage pipes or tamper carrying out an essential
on the Register rised person with meters. Those wishing upgrade that might impact on
Risk to health • obstruct/impede an autho- to build over pipes will any of the above.
Where there is a risk to health rised person. require consent to do so. Continued on page 11
the WSA (in consultation • give false or misleading
with the Health Service Exec- information to an autho-
utive) can now direct a water rised person.
supplier to take appropriate • fail to comply with a direc-
measures to prevent, limit, tion from an authorised
eliminate or abate that risk. person.
Where it considers it appro- All of the above offences
private, a Water Supervisory carry financial penalties.
Oppsite page (from top) Alex McDonell of Mayo was one of many del-
gates to participate in question & answer sessions; Members of
Townawully GWS with Donegal Rural Water Liaison Officer, Mary
McDermott; Delegates used breaks in the conference to renew old
acquaintances and to share information; NFGWS Chairperson, Brendan
O’Mahony in conversation with Professor Tom Collins.
This page: (left) Darragh Page, the first EPA representative to address an
annual rural water services conference; (right) Pat Keane, DoEHLG.
9
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
10Explaining Water Framework Directive
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
the
legislative Significant management issues
context When it comes to the
timetable for implementing
Continued from page 9 the Water Framework
The best way for schemes Directive, Ireland is to the
(or local authorities) to fore, but the critical factor
avoid problems in this area will be our success in
is to check in advance if the restoring our waterways to
proposed site for infra- at least ‘good status’ by
structural work falls within 2015.
a designated area. This was the message
Mr Fogarty explained that delivered to conference dele-
a search on the National gates by Pat Duggan of the
Parks and Wildlife Service DoEHLG, in an overview of
website (www.npws.ie) will key water management
clarify matters, as this lists issues that need to be
and provides GIS mapping addressed in river basin man-
of every Natural Heritage agement plans.
Area (NHAs), Special Areas At risk
of Conservation (SACs) and Some 61% of our groundwa-
Special Protection Areas ter resources are at risk, and
(SPAs). It can be searched by those risks are significant in
Following publication in June of the excellent booklet Water matters: have
county and by grid within several regions.
your say!, each River Basin District is currently organising a public con-
sultation process. See page 3.
each county. Similarly, 64% of surface
Protocol water are at risk, especially
The need for the works must
in Leinster.
be measured against the
A range of management
potential impact. The ele-
issues arise, from control of
ments of a protocol, there-
wastewater and industrial
fore, include:
discharges to abstraction
• Screening
• Examination of alterna- policies and dealing with
tives both point source and diffuse
• Environmental Impact pollution.
Assessment A fuller article on this
• Decision paper and on the public
• Mitigation/compensatory consultation around the
habitat WFD will be carried in our
• Derogation. next issue.
Oliver Fogarty, DoEHLG. Pat Duggan, DoEHLG.
11Rural Water News Autumn 2007
12Delays Practical measures of
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
source protection
in south
Leinster
Project The National Source
Protection Pilot Project at
Churchill & Oram GWS has
The first treatment plants entered a new phase, with
have been commissioned in
practical measures for
the South Leinster DBO
bundle, but delays have source protection appearing
meant that the overall con- throughout the catchment.
struction programme has Simple cost-effective initia-
already been extended by tives are currently being
several months. installed at a large number of
EPS sites.
The DBO contactor, EPS, has Over the summer, the DkIT
commissioned plants on the project team walked all river-
Clifden, Castleinch and banks throughout the catch-
Cuffesgrange Group Water ment and identified and meas-
Schemes in Kilkenny. ured accurately the amount of
These are expected to be riverside that would benefit
followed in a few weeks by from simple fencing and the
the commissioning of installation of buffer strips,
Castlewarren (Kilkenny), St. where appropriate. A borehole drilled at a septic tank is surrounded with Bentonite to pre-
Mullins Parish (Carlow) and This simple initiative will vent pollutants entering the borehole. Inset: The finished ‘intrusive
Kilanerin (Wexford) plants. ensure that direct cattle access inspection’ point scarcely disturbs the surrounding lawns or field.
The commissioning phase to rivers is prevented and will than ever before on the inner as little disturbance as possi-
is welcomed by the schemes allow any impacted sites to workings of septic tanks and ble to the home-owner and
involved, as there have been recover quickly. their potential impact on involve borehole drilling to
numerous delays during the Wherever cattle access is water quality. map the groundwater table
construction phase. restricted, drinkers are being ‘Non-intrusive’ and ‘intru- and define soil profiles.
Some of the original target installed to ensure a plentiful sive’ examinations of septic Livestock
dates programmed by the supply of water. tanks are continuing and The piping is normally cut
contractor were not met, partly In addition to this, soil test- progress has been swift, down to ground level and pro-
due to problems in appointing ing and nutrient management mainly due to the high level tected from livestock distur-
sub contractors and drillers. of community support and co- bance with a concrete block.
Revised plans are available to all farm-
EPS has now submitted a ers to wish to partake of them. operation offered. These boreholes are also pro-
revised programme to the end Septic tank survey The ‘non-intrusive’ studies viding samples for analysis of
of the contract and this is cur- Another on-going initiative is are no more than visual soil and groundwater.
rently being reviewed by the the broadening of the septic inspections with associated At the end of the sampling
client’s representative. tank survey taking place in measurements and calcula- period, the boreholes will be
The recent appointment by the catchment. tions, while the ‘intrusive’ decommissioned and there
EPS of a dedicated full-time This part of the project is inspections (see pictures will be no evidence left to
Project Manager (Eamon placing a greater emphasis above) are designed to create suggest they were ever there.
Make returns
Connolly) is likely to acceler-
ate progress. whom deregistration would Electronic forms
to Registrar
Civil construction is ongo- be both costly and time-con- The Registry of Friendly
ing on five sites at present. suming. Societies has now posted a
Nineteen schemes (mainly NFGWS development offi- number of its official forms
PWS) are at or near comple- 26 co-operative group water cers have contacted the on the Companies Registration
tion with mechanical and schemes in 12 counties face schemes involved. Office website, including the
electrical equipment now being struck off the Registry Other schemes are forms for annual and triennial
being installed. of Friendly Societies for fail- reminded to double-check returns. Both PDF and ‘fill-
All the advance works are ure to make returns. Amongst that their returns have been able’ Word format versions
complete apart from some the schemes listed are a num- processed by their auditor are available.
schemes that are carrying out ber that are actively involved and have been forwarded to See the CRO website at
universal metering. in DBO contracts and for the office of the Registrar. http://www.cro.ie
13Report awaited on
Autumn 2007
East Cavan crisis
Rural Water News
(one of the schemes hit by the favour of introducing addi-
contamination crisis) and the tional regulations if this was
Federation representative. necessary.
Responding to Mr Brady’s Monitoring
argument that inherent weak- The Minister added that he is
While there is no sign, as nols and other undesirable nesses in the monitoring and also examining the area of
yet, of the final report on chemicals and by-products, regulation of chemicals used the monitoring of water treat-
the phenol contamination seriously delayed efforts to in drinking water need to be ment products and stated that
crisis that hit five group address the East Cavan crisis. urgently addressed, Minister he is actively considering the
Gormley said that he is cur- resourcing of an appropriate
schemes in the East Cavan Regulatory body
rently examining this whole inspectorate to deal with this
DBO bundle earlier this Similarly, the non-existence
area and that he would be in issue.
year, the incident has put a of a regulatory body to over-
spotlight on all chemicals see the production and sale of
used in drinking water treat- chemicals used in water
ment. treatment is an issue that the
Speaking to delegates at the NFGWS wants to see
National Water Summit in addressed.
Dublin on 3 October, Gerard This was one of several
O’Leary of the Environmental points raised by the
Enforcement Agency, said Federation’s Deputy National
that there is a case to be made Co-ordinator, Colm Brady,
for adding phenols to the when he met Environment
range of substances to be Minister, John Gormley, in
watched out for in Irish drink- Monaghan on 20 July.
ing water supplies. This informal meeting was
It is generally accepted that organised through local
the absence of monitoring Green Party Councillor,
and the lack of adequate lab- Vincent P. Martin and in Pictured following an informal meeting to discuss issues arising from the
phenol contamination crisis are (l-r)) Cllr Vincent P. Martin, Glaslough/
oratory facilities in Ireland cluded a representative of Tyholland Chairperson, Peter Sherry, NFGWS Deputy National Co-
capable of identifying phe- Glaslough/Tyholland GWS ordinator, Colm Brady, and Environment Minister, John Gormley, TD.
14Keeping Important seminars to
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
members consider regulations
informed
– for free
The Drinking Water Committee The impact of the Water
Regulations and their impli- A committee representing the Services Act will also be
cations for licensing will be Department of the addressed.
the focus of four important Environment, the NFGWS, Venues
regional seminars for the the EPA and other rural Where a GWS is unable to
rural water sector to be held water stakeholders, has been attend the seminar at their
Group water schemes wish- in the near future. working in recent months, designated venue, they may
ing to keep members updat- Rural Water News under- drawing up appropriate attend an alternative venue
ed on developments such as stands that the seminars will guidelines. by prior arrangement. Venues
disruptions to supply, forth- deal in detail with critical According to Pat Keane of are as follows (dates to be
coming meetings, quality issues for the future of rural the DoEHLG (a member of confirmed in due course):
this committee), the seminars • Hotel Kilmore, Cavan
information and suchlike, drinking water supplies and
that two representatives from are being designed to: • McWilliam Park Hotel,
may do so at no financial
each GWS will be invited to • explain the Drinking Claremorris
cost and with very little
attend. Water Regulations; • Hotel Kilkenny, Kilkenny,
effort.
An implementation circular • outline the role and • Lynch South Court Hotel,
The days of writing letters,
stuffing envelopes, addressing and a handbook outlining responsibilities of local Limerick
and posting them may not be how the Drinking Water authorities as Supervisory The seminars are to be held
quite over yet, but the prolif- Regulations will be imple- Authority in their area, and in the evenings (starting at
eration of mobile phones mented is scheduled for • focus on what is expected 7.30pm) to facilitate atten-
means that new technologies release prior to the seminars of the individual GWS dance by GWS management
can be used to send routine or taking place. under the regulations. committees.
emergency information could make significant sav- informed of training, match Counties (schemes in border
quickly and relatively cheaply. ings, but more importantly venues etc. through text. areas, please note!).
In fact, the secretary/man- members will receive infor- Jean has a pay-as-you-go The message doesn’t have
ager of your GWS can send mation speedily, as required. mobile and after registering to be sent immediately, but
up to 300 free text messages Whizz-kid with her provider via comput- can be scheduled to send at
monthly, simply by register- So how does it work? Well er, she was supplied with a any time or date within the
ing through the website of NFGWS Quality Assurance password. When she needs to calendar month. So if you
their mobile provider. Scheme Officer, Jean Gibson, communicate with the panel, swan off to Costa-del-
For their part, O2 provide is a whizz-kid when it comes she simply goes into her com- Wherever, a reminder of a
250 free text messages to this sort of thing. She has puter, enters her password planned meeting will be trans-
monthly, while Vodafone and been using free web-texting and then types her text mes- mitted regardless, because
Meteor give their customers in her role as secretary of her sage into the box provided. you entered it before you left!
300. Using a dedicated phone local camogie club for some This is then sent to everybody Limitations
for this purpose, schemes time now. Club members are in her camogie folder. Like any system, there are
Folders will include the limitations. First, the usual
names and mobile numbers of character limit of texting
each member. According to apply, so you can’t send a
Jean, a scheme might simply long letter. Secondly, and
create a separate folder for most importantly, there will
each district meter area, as be gaps as some of your
well as an overall folder. members, particularly elderly
Thus, when there is essential people, won’t have mobile
maintenance work on a sec- phones. These gaps should be
tion of the distribution net- noted and care taken that a
work, only consumers on that neighbour or committee
section are informed. member alerts them of the
It doesn’t matter that vari- contents of the text message.
ous panel members will have Finally, if you’re like me
other brands of phone; the and can’t quite master the
messages are delivered to any technology, do what I do …
Similar web-text messages can be sent to your GWS members at no cost. mobile phone in the 26 ask a youngster to help you.
15The state of
the RWP
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
The case presented to the Mr Cusack, the latest date
European Commission in being 31 December 2008.
June provided much of the Compliance
core data presented to the There was heartening news
in relation to compliance
Rural Water Conference by
with the crucial e-coli stan-
Carthage Cusack of the dards. Recent monitoring has
Water Services Section,
Treatment alone
shown 626 schemes (86%) in Quality Assurance Scheme training was introduced on Tydavnet GWS
DoEHLG. compliance, with 102 (14%) this summer. Jean Gibson (NFGWS Quality Assurance Officer) is pic-
Detailing progress under in non-compliant. tured with Claire Sherlock (Tydavnet GWS) and Dr Siobhán Jordan
bringing schemes into com- Translated into households,
(National Source Protection Pilot Project).
is not enough
pliance with water quality 92% (80,997) are receiving
standards, Mr Cusack also water that complies with the
provided an account of the ecoli standard, while 7,270
financial drawdown under (8%) are not.
the RWP Capital Investment Cautioning that there is
Programme in 2007. more to do, Mr Cusack said
Sector that while great progress has
For any group scheme that and recording approach to
A total of 728 privately- been made, the threat of EU
sourced schemes, supplying
thought the provision of quality assurance’.
sanctions still hangs over
state-of-the-art treatment In essence, it involves the
50 persons or more (encom- Ireland.
facilities was the answer to identification of present or
passing more than 88,000 Spend
their water quality problems, possible hazards and formu-
households), come under the The drawdown of funds
the stark message from lates the steps which may be
terms of the legislation. under the 2007 RWP alloca-
NFGWS Quality Assurance taken to minimise or elimi-
Of these, 451 scheme were tion had increased more than
Officer, Jean Gibson, was nate them.
listed in Annex 14 as part of 5% on the same period in
the case adjudicated on by 2006, with more than 38% that treatment of itself can- EPA Recommendation
the European Court of allocated to early September. not guarantee quality at the Jean Gibson reminded dela-
Justice in November 2002. Having said that, Mr consumer’s tap. gates that the EPA strongly
A further 277 schemes Cusack pointed out that six Even in the most modern of recommends that every GWS
(mainly in southern counties) councils had not drawn down schemes, it is not possible to should obtain certification
have been added to this list. a penny! deliver quality drinking under the NFGWS Quality
The upgrade plans set The highest rate of spending water without monitoring, Assurance Scheme.
down in the National Rural has been under the ‘new & checking, inspecting and Until now, the absence of
Water Monitoring Committee upgrade’ and ‘small scheme’ auditing: control is essential adequate treatment on most
Action Plan 2003-2006 con- headings (54% and 44% to ensure success. schemes, meant that imple-
tinue to be implemented. respectively), while spending According to Ms Gibson, mentation of this recommen-
In terms of households, the on ‘connection to public maintaining quality along the dation had to be put on hold.
upgrading programme is now mains’, ‘takeover’ and ‘disin- distribution network is As most schemes now have
completed in respect of fection/sterilisation’ was dis- emerging as a new priority water treatment in place (or
60,684 homes. For a further appointingly low (20.5%, and the Quality Assurance will shortly have it) the QA
10,391 homes, upgrades are 23% and 1% respectively). Scheme is tailor-made for scheme is scheduled to be
currently underway. More encouraging, spend- this, as it targets schemes that rolled out in the coming
Projects that will benefit ing on DBO and advance are providing fully treated weeks and months.
17,000 homes are still at a DBO projects (40.66% and water to their consumers. Schemes in Monaghan,
planning stage, but for 35% respectively) was well HACCP Cavan, Sligo and Limerick
11,000 of those the planning up on last year. The Hazard Analysis Critical are being targetted in the first
process is at an advanced Mr Cusack concluded by Contol Points (HACCP) sys- instance.
stage. asking local authorities to tem that forms the basis of Ms Gibson concluded by
Timescales for the comple- focus on the priority measures the NFGWS Quality reminding schemes that QA
tion of all remaining required to bring existing Assurance Scheme provides certification will be a condi-
upgrades were revealed by schemes into compliance. a ‘systematic preventative tion of subsidy in future.
16Updates on pilot projects
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
Delegates to the Rural the success of the project to months before the true worth
Water Services Conference date, the preliminary figures of the system could be prop-
heard stimulating updates are encouraging to say the erly assessed.
on three important pilot least. Rural Water News will
projects being run under the A trial has been established carry a full feature at that
auspices of the National on the outskirts of stage.
Rural Water Monitoring Templemore, Co. Tipperary, Rainwater harvesting
the site deliberately chosen
Committee. As the cost of water rises, the
because it presented many
STEDS potential of using rainwater
difficult challenges.
While not directly related to as an alternative non potable
The STEDS system was
the issue of water supply, the supply is being tested in a
retrofitted on almost 30
Septic Tank Effluent project being conducted in a
homes. Construction includ-
Drainage System (STEDS) domestic setting (a house in
ed installation of a fibreglass
project in North Tipperary is Ballinabranna GWS, County
reinforced interceptor tank at
of major interest to the rural each property, a 2” pipe net- Carlow) and an agricultural Matt Shortt
water sector, as its outcome is work laid at a shallow depth setting (a dairy farm at system met the demand for
certain to have a bearing on along the contours of the land Clonalvy, County Meath). toilet flushing, with mains
the future of dispersed settle- and a secondary man-made The project is being run by water usage being reduced by
ment in the Irish countryside. treatment system on a site Dublin Institute of between 22% -41%.
The damaging environ- that is a fraction of the size of Technology and three team Problems with ammonia
mental impact of domestic a normal wastewater treat- members, Dr Seán Ó hÓgáin, and faecal contamination on
wastewater treatment systems ment plant. Liam McCarton and Anna the Clonalvy system are cur-
(septic tanks) is no longer in In theory, the interceptor Reid addressed the confer- rently being addressed with
dispute and STEDS is testing tank retains the problems that ence. the fitting of an improved fil-
a simple procedure to prevent arise in normal systems, so At the domestic site, after a tration system and better
that damage. that what is pumped from the six month commissioning sealing around the intake
And while Project Director tank into the network won’t phase, the quality of the pipe.
Matt Shortt of North cause blockages. water achieved a level com- The cost-benefit analysis is
Tipperary County Council Mr Shortt said that it would parable with drinking water. continuing and a full report
was careful not to overstate take about another six In terms of quantity, the on this project will be carried
in our next issue.
Source Protection
Freshly returned from a
major Canadian conference
where the National Source
Protection Pilot Project at
Churchill & Oram GWS was
one of the featured topics, Dr
Siobhán Jordan provided a
comprehensive overview of
the broad range of activities
being carried out as part of
this project.
Since the last conference
farmward surveys had been
completed in the catchment,
as has extensive soil sam-
pling.
More recently, 181 septic
tanks were examined, while
more intrusive inspection has
begun on some of these.
Trial source protection
Members of the Rainwater Harvesting Project team from Dublin Institute of Technology who addressed dele- measures are currently being
gates to the Rural Water Services Conference (l-r) Liam McCarton, Anna Reid and Dr Seán Ó hÓgáin. implemented, she said.
17Rural Water News Autumn 2007
18Rural Water News Autumn 2007
Blue Hills Consulting is one of the leading consulting engineers providing technical advice to the Group
Water Scheme sector. We shall be happy to discuss your Group Water Scheme projects regardless of size.
Please contact Des Joyce for further information.
Regional
10b Northwest Business and Technology Park T: 071 962 1875 W: www.bluehills.ie
Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim F: 071 962 2859 E : info@bluehills.ie
*** 2 – installation of intercon- servation infrastructure on
Reports
Construction is substantially necting pipework, rising Barnarusheen and Cleggan –
complete on advance works mains and water conservation is also nearing completion.
contract no. 1. This contract infrastructure on Milltown ***
Connacht
involved the installation of and Caherlistrane – is sub- The 4th meeting of the
water conservation infra- stantially complete. Bulk Galway DBO 1 LMC was
Region
structure on all schemes in meter installation is ongoing, held on 10 September in the
DBO bundle 1, except as is pipe bursting on Menlo Park Hotel with 11
Milltown, Barnarusheen and Caherlistrane. schemes represented. Both
by Paul Connolly and
Caherlistrane. *** Ryan Hanley and TSSL
***
Joe Gallagher
Advance works contract no. (DBO Contractor) provided
Leitrim Advance works contract no. 3 – installation of water con- reports on progress to date.
Sliabh an Iarann GWS is to
be included in the
Roscommon DBO bundle.
This is the amalgamation of
three GWS – Aughnasheelin
GWS, Miskaun GWS and
Mullagharve GWS.
Galway
Take-over-certificates have
been issued for all of the treat-
ment plants in DBO bundle 1,
with the exception of New Inn
GWS, which is pending reso-
lution of a number of source
issues. However, the plant has
been producing treated water
since February. The view from Inis Meáin GWS reservoir. Inis Meáin is part of the Galway DBO bundle 1 contract.
19Rural Water News Autumn 2007
The meeting was chaired by Mayo were operational and it had Carra (incorporating Bally-
Daniel Flaherty of Six DBO plants in bundle 1 been anticipated that the fol- glass/Carnacon, Banogues/
Cloonluane GWS. The next are up and running, while the lowing additional plants Ballintubber & Rathnacreeva).
LMC meeting is scheduled existing treatment plant at would be commissioned As of the end of September,
for 5 December. Belderrig is also being run by before the end of August – however, only the Lough
*** Earthtech (Ire.) Ltd. (ETIL). Lough Mask/Creevagh, Carra treatment plant was
The official opening of DBO
In our last report, five plants Kilmovee/Urlaur and Lough fully operational.
1 schemes will take place
soon. Ceremonies will be held
at Ardrahan, Caherlistrane
and Rinn-Killeeneen.
***
Ryan Hanley Consulting
Engineers are currently
assessing the tender docu-
ments returned in early
September for DBO bundle 2.
Rural Water News under-
stands that schemes in the
bundle will be contacted in
the coming weeks.
***
Kiltiernan GWS held its first
committee meeting on 26
July. This is one of several
Galway schemes formed as a
result of recent amalgama-
tions. Officers were elected at
a subsequent meeting on 13
August. Belderrig GWS water treatment plant, is being run as part of the first Mayo DBO bundle.
20Rural Water News Autumn 2007
*** ***
Fahy/Drummindoo plant was Advance works contract 2
to be operational by late (inter-connecting pipework
December, but a site meeting for amalgamating schemes in
on Thursday, 27 September DBO bundle 2) was awarded
was told that March 2008 is to Glenkill Civil Engineering
the likely completion date. Ltd. Work on this contract is
*** progressing well and the esti-
Ballycroy plant is supplying mated completion date is
media filtered water into the May 2008.
network. There is, however, Schemes benefitting from
a continuing serious problem interconnecting under this
of UFW on the network and contract include
the plant cannot be fully Cuilmore/Burrishoole,
commissioned until this has Bofeenaun/Rathkell/Derry-
been addressed. A contract hillagh/ Lahardan, Cloonmore/ Members of three County Donegal schemes – Bunn GWS, Meenabool
GWS and Townawully GWS met in July to share information and dis-
for the replacement of 5km Rooskey, Fahy/Kilmaclasser/ cuss issues of mutual interest. The meeting was held in Townawully and
of critical mains has been Drummindoo, Callow/ included an inspection tour of ongoing upgrade works.
approved, with work com- Meelick and Sraheens. Brian MacDonald of the NFGWS briefed the schemes on the implications
Ulster
mencing immediately. Continued on page 27 of the new Drinking Water Regulations and the Water Services Act.
*** being carried out on a number who passed away recently.
Region
In light of the long delay in of plants at the moment. ***
completing the treatment Problems with algae arose on The West Cavan LMC met on
plant at Glencorrib (due to a some of the lake sources, par- 18 July. It was reported that
by Jean Gibson
local legal dispute), the com- ticularly in August. Although carbon has been installed in
mittee of Funshinagh/Cross Cavan the algae may be naturally the Doobally & Gowlan
GWS is planning to reverse A Cavan County Federation occurring, schemes were plants and that the Glangevlin
an earlier decision to amalga- meeting was held on 13 encouraged to protect their plant has been switched on.
mate with the Glencorrib August. A presentation was sources and to monitor activ- ***
scheme and to take water given by Colm Brady, who ity around them. Progress on The South West Cavan LMC
from the proposed plant. went through the details of the take-over of the reservoirs meeting was held on 4
Members of Funshinagh/ the new Drinking Water has been slow, but the consult- September. All plants have
Cross GWS will be asked to Regulations and the Water ing engineers are working to been operating satisfactorily.
back their committee’s view Services Act. Schemes were get these works completed. ***
that it would be best to pur- also given information on the *** Lavagh/Ballyheelan GWS
sue an independent upgrade. NFGWS Quality Assurance Sympathy is extended to the have appointed Seán
Funshinagh/Cross already Scheme. This will be rolled family & friends of Kathleen Reynolds as manager. We
has disinfection and UV out shortly. Brady, former, longstanding wish Seán every success in his
treatment in place. *** Secretary of the Kill GWS new position.
*** Upgrading works contracts
The tendering process for the are due to commence shortly
second Mayo DBO bundle is on Corlough, Annagh,
now completed and (as pre- Dhuish and Clifferna.
dicted in our last issue) the ***
contract has been awarded to Contracts for Phase 6 works
Treatment Systems Services of the Annagh GWS were
Ltd (TSSL). signed on 3 September. This
An information evening for will see network improve-
the schemes involved will be ments, installation of bulk
held on Thursday, 18 October, meters on old pipework,
in the Regional Training installation of chlorine units at
Centre, Castlebar at 8pm. reservoirs and extension of
Ryan Hanley Consultant the scheme to Roskeeragh,
Engineers, Mayo County Belturbet.
Council and the National ***
Federation of Group Water East Cavan LMC met on 4
Schemes will have represen- September. Update reports
tatives at the meeting. was given by Niall McCaffrey
The estimated overall com- (T. J. O’Connor & Associates)
Seán Reynolds (left) recently appointed manager of Lavagh-Ballyheelan
pletion date for this bundle is and Matt Kelly (Veolia GWS, with scheme caretaker, Eddie Heslin. Both men attended the dis-
March 2009. Water). Process changes are tribution network training in Dundalk on 28 September.
21Cavan schemes get
Rural Water News Autumn 2007
newspapers required both Speaking after the meeting,
thumbs-up as
‘retraction and clarification’. Michael Mulvey said:
Annoyance ‘We greatly appreciate the
The meeting in the council effort made by the county
County Manager
offices was chaired by manager and his senior offi-
Michael Mulvey, who cials to meet with us at such
explained that there was short notice to address this
clears the air
widespread annoyance at issue. The remarks of the
what had appeared in the county manager were warmly
local press. He added: received by the GWS activists
‘The fact that these com- present and were welcomed
ments were attributed to the unanimously.
The Chairperson of Cavan emergency meeting on county council could only Activists
Federation of Group Water Monday 23 July. have one result: the under- Thanking the GWS activists
Schemes, Michael Mulvey, This followed local media mining of public confidence in from across the county ‘who
has welcomed an assurance reports that schemes might be the county’s group schemes. took time out from their own
from County Manager, Jack held legally liable. These ‘This was all the more dis- busy work lives to be pres-
Keyes, that he has ‘total quoted a Council source. appointing as the relationship ent’, Mr Mulvey continued.
Reassuring those present between the GWS sector and ‘This meeting was designed
admiration and support’ for
that he has ‘absolutely and Cavan County Council had to clear the air and to put the
the GWS sector and that
utterly no lack of confidence’ always been one of partner- message out to rural con-
there is no question of any
in the capacity of group ship and co-operation. sumers in Cavan that they can
legal action being taken Unacceptable have full confidence in their
schemes to conduct their
against group schemes in Representatives of the group water scheme service.’
businesses, Mr Keyes said
the wake of the recent phenol that he fully accepted the schemes said that the reported An agreed clarification pub-
contamination incident. ‘need for action’ in the wake media comments were totally lished in the local papers,
Mr Keyes was addressing of any reports that might sug- unacceptable, adding that stated unequivocally that the
representatives from schemes gest otherwise. individual consumers had schemes affected by the phe-
across the county, as well as He added that the reported contacted them to voice their nol crisis had done everything
NFGWS personnel, at an comments in two Cavan concerns. legally required of them.
Monaghan Group Water Scheme is now time step tests conducted in dealt in good faith with its
Magheracloone GWS has completed, as is the contract one district metered area normal supplier and there
warned its members about to install bulk meters and revealed numerous leaks that was no question of it taking
the companies that are selling valves on Drumgole GWS. have now been fixed. risks with consumer health.
unnecessary and expensive *** As a result, water demand was Both they and their supplier
water treatment systems to Tenders for the replacement reduced by about 350 m3 from had been ‘caught and misled’
their consumers through of meters on 2,100 m3 per day to 1,750 m3. and the documentary evi-
pressure sales techniques. Corduff/Corracharra GWS *** dence confirms this.
The scheme used its recent were opened on 3 July. There was a lively meeting of Veolia had operated on a
AGM and the ‘local news’ the Liaison Monitoring basis of trust with their sup-
***
section of the print media to Emyvale village in the north Committee on 18 July as pliers. This would no longer
hammer home the message of the county will connect to schemes sought reassurance be the case. Controls had
that these companies are the Glaslough/Tyholland regarding the phenol crisis that been put in place to ensure
operating a scam. GWS supply this month. This hit East Cavan DBO bundle. traceability right back to the
*** is the second instance that a Three points, in particular, production phase. This meant
Other areas in the county – group water scheme in were put to Richard Dujardin: that there could be no reoc-
most notably Aughnashalvey Monaghan will provide water 1. media allegations suggest- curance of the East Cavan
– have been targetted lately ing that Veolia had endan- incident in any Veolia-man-
to a public scheme.
by these companies. Over gered human health by aged plant.
€2,000 is being spent on Last year Drum village was
connected to the Drumgole purchasing contaminated Mr Dujardin accepted that the
systems, with an additional
water supply. chemicals ‘on the cheap’; incident had damaged con-
maintenance contract costing
€150 annually. *** 2. fear that a similar situation sumer confidence in the
*** A new publicly-sourced GWS might arise in relation to region.
Truagh Group Water Scheme has been constructed at chemicals used in the He pledged that Veolia would
is currently upgrading valves Tattyreagh North, near Monaghan plants; play its part in rebuilding con-
and chambers along its mains Annyalla. 3. the knock-on effect that fidence and concluded by
network. *** these reports were having wishing a local man, Mark
*** Killanny GWS is continuing consumer confidence. Rooney, well in his new role
The contract to replace meters its attempts to reduce con- Responding, Mr Dujardin, as regional manager for the
and valves on Tydavnet sumption and leakage. Night explained that the company company.
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