Gendered Perspectives - on International Development - Center for Gender in Global Context
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
RESOURCE BULLETIN
Winter 2013
Volume 28 :: Number 2
Gendered Perspectives
on International Development
Gree ngs from the Center for Gender in Global Context (GenCen) at Michigan State
IN THIS ISSUE University, the host center for the Gender, Development, and Globaliza on (GDG)
Program, formerly the Women and Interna onal Development (WID) Program!
Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The Gendered PerspecƟves on InternaƟonal Development Working Papers Series is
Audiovisuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 pleased to announce the publica on of its newest paper, “Women, Men, Children
Monographs and Technical and Livestock: Partnerships and Gendered Nego a ons in the Ful’be Household
Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Livestock Enterprise,” by Karen Marie Greenough. The author’s research in
Tanout, Niger, has shown that resources, rights, and responsibili es in pastoralist
Periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
households are gendered in nego able partnerships between hearthholders
Books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 and chief herders. Through a successful partnership, essen al for the viability of
houshold enterprises, wife, husband, and children benefit from livestock and dairy
Study Opportunities . . . . . . . . 19 produc on to maintain the household’s overall well-being. Correspondingly, this
paper illustrates that programs that disregard these partnerships and household/
Grants and Fellowships . . . . . 21 herd integrity risk failure and harm to project par cipants.
Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 This paper will soon be available online for free, along with the rest of the Working
Paper Series, at: gencen.msu.edu/publica ons/papers.htm.
Calls for Papers. . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Online Resources . . . . . . . . . . .28 As always, we encourage submissions and sugges ons from our readers! We
especially invite graduate students, scholars, and professionals to review one of a
Book Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 number of books that are available for review. We also encourage submissions by
authors and publishers of relevant ar cles and books for inclusion in future issues.
Remember, the current issue of the Resource Bulle n, along with the most recent
back issues, is now online! Visit gencen.msu.edu/publica ons/bulle n.htm.
Thank you very much, and enjoy the Winter 2013 issue of the Gendered
PerspecƟves on InternaƟonal Development Resource BulleƟn!
Execu ve Editor: Anne Ferguson, PhD
Managing Editor: Meskerem Glegziabher, MA **The contents of this publicaƟon were developed under a Title VI grant
Editorial Assistants: Varsha Koduvayur from the U.S. Department of EducaƟon. However, those contents do
Michael Gendernalik not necessarily represent the policy or views of the U.S. Department of
Edited by: Galena Os pow EducaƟon.**
Articles
African Crop Science Journal the scale of the human rights viola ons social and historical circumstances,
Volume 20, Issue Supplement S2, 2012 against women within the family although they seem clearly defined,
“Local Knowledge and Adapta on structure, this ar cle concentrates on fixed, and stable. Based on performance
to Climate Change in Ouémé Valley, the sociolegal concerns of the domes c studies which assume that all of the
Benin,” by R.A.B. Kpadonou, P.Y. violence problem in Bangladesh. social reality is constructed by ac ons,
Adegbola, and S.D. Tovignan, pp. The study, in the beginning, focuses behaviors and events, this study reveals
181-192. This paper highlights the local on the socioeconomic cost due to the dynamism of widowhood in Tamil
dimension of adapta on to climate domes c violence in Bangladesh and Nadu, in the southern part of India.
change and the importance of local then explores the domes c violence Specifically, the focus is on widows in
knowledge in adapta on planning. It preven on mechanisms through a rural scheduled caste village. The
points out that, like climate, climate na onal law and interna onal human study shows how Hinduism, Dravidian
change adapta on is a dynamic rights standards as obliga ons of the culture, the state government’s policies,
and evolving process in which the state. community a tudes toward widows
main determinant is the degree of and the caste system affect and shape
vulnerability. The paper presents “A Socio-Economic Study of Informal widowhood. Certain behaviors and
a case study on farmers’ strategies Sector Workers of Dhaka City,” by rituals which are learned, rehearsed,
for adap ng to climate vulnerability Nazmul Alam, pp. 101-108. The informal and presented over me form a
in the low valley of Ouémé, Benin, sector is a very important area of the widow’s iden ty as a “shadow.” The
which showed that local people have economy for any developing country. It study presents a possibility of changing
developed a remarkable ability to adapt is a growing occupa onal sector for less widowhood by focusing on a widow and
to climate threats, or in some cases, skilled people living both in urban and demonstra ng that her performa ve
have turned threats into opportuni es. rural areas. A considerable amount of acts func on as making the dominant
The people of Ouémé managed to take employment is ensured by this sector. discourse of widows unstable.
advantage of their natural vulnerability What is specific to the informal economy
through adapta on strategies mainly is the absence of rights and social Globalization and Health
based on local knowledge. This paper protec on of the workers involved in it. Volume 8, Number 19, 2012
argues that the trend of these local Living in extensive poverty; exploited, “Global Health and Na onal Borders:
strategies confirms that the dynamic with no place to go for protec on; The Ethics of Foreign Aid in a Time
nature of adapta on to climate change lacking access to basic social services; of Financial Crisis,” by Mira Johri,
is mainly determined by the extent no basic safety condi ons at work; Ryoa Chung, Angus Dawson, and
of vulnerability caused by con nued holding li le or no hope that life can be Ted Schrecker. The governments and
deple on of the environment. be er; struggling on a daily basis just to ci zens of the developed na ons are
survive. They are street vendors, wage increasingly called upon to contribute
Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology laborers working in small enterprises financially to health ini a ves outside
Volume 9, Number 2, 2012 on a regular, casual or contract basis; their borders. Although interna onal
“Domes c Violence Against Women unpaid workers including family workers development assistance for health has
in Bangladesh: Analysis from a Socio- and appren ces, home-workers, paid grown rapidly over the last two decades,
Legal Perspec ve,” by Taslima Khatun domes c workers and more; and a austerity measures related to the 2008
and Khandaker Farzana Rahman, pp. smaller number are the owners of ny and 2011 global financial crises may
19-30. In Bangladesh, patriarchal enterprises. This study concentrates on impact nega vely on aid expenditures.
capitalism puts women in such a the workers and their work life and living The compe on between na onal
posi on within their communi es standards. priori es and foreign aid commitments
that they always remain subordinate raises important ethical ques ons for
under male domina on and in many Gender and Sexuality donor na ons. This ar cle aims to foster
cases this is reflected through violence. Number 07, 2012 individual reflec on and public debate
Thus a woman commonly has a risk of “The Changeability of Widowhood: A on donor responsibili es for global
experiencing domes c violence within Study of Widows in Tamil Nadu, India,” health.
her family and the husband is more by Aya Kubota, pp. 37-50. The meaning
likely to assault and/or ba er his wife of “widows” and the social norms Health and Human Rights
if she fails to meet his dowry demands associated with them are con nuously Volume 14, Number 2, 2012
or to perform household work. Given produced and consumed in par cular “Integra ng Interven ons on Maternal
1
Mortality and Morbidity and HIV: A Systema c Mapping of the Evidence that incorporates qualita ve research
Human Rights-Based Framework and from Low and Lower Middle Income is needed to be er understand not
Approach,” by Susana Fried, Brianna Countries,” by Ernes na Coast, Tiziana only causal mechanisms between PND
Harrison, Kelly Starcevich, Corinne Leone, Atsumi Hirose, and Eleri and poverty, but also the underlying
Whitaker, and Tiana O’Konek. Maternal Jones, pp. 1188-1197. There is no processes that underpin them. In
mortality and morbidity (MMM) and systema c assessment of how poverty addi on, the authors conclude that
HIV represent interlinked challenges if research is to reflect how people
arising from common causes, live, then an increasing propor on
magnifying their respec ve impacts, of PND-related research and the
and producing related consequences. management and treatment of PND
Accordingly, an integrated response in LLMICs will need to focus on the
will lead to the most effec ve urban poor.
approach to both. Shared structural
drivers include: gender inequality; Journal of Development Studies
gender-based violence (including Volume 48, Issue 4, 2012
sexual violence); economic “Cultural Capital and Sustainable
disempowerment; and s gma and Livelihoods in Sri Lanka’s Rural
discrimina on in access to services or Villages: Towards Culturally Aware
opportuni es based on gender and Development,” by Chandima Daskona
HIV. Further, shared system-related and Andrew McGregor, pp. 549-563.
drivers also contribute to a lack of Increasing a en on is being directed
effec ve access to acceptable, high- toward the role of culture in the
quality health services and other development and well-being of rural
development resources from birth communi es. Systems of knowledge,
forward. HIV and MMM are connected beliefs, customs, norms and a wide
in both outcomes and solu ons: in range of culturally related ac vi es,
Sub-Saharan Africa, HIV is the leading such as arts, cra s and music, can
cause of maternal death, while the play a significant role in the everyday
most recent global report on HIV lives of people and contribute to the
iden fies preven on of unintended sustainability of human socie es.
pregnancy and access to contracep on or socioeconomic status and postnatal The means through which culture
as two of the most important depression (PND) might be related in can be effec vely incorporated into
HIV-related preven on efforts. Both are low and lower middle income countries development processes requires further
central to reducing unsafe abor on— (LLMICs). The objec ve of this paper research. This ar cle develops the
another leading cause of maternal death is to describe the extent of research in concept of “cultural capital” to explore
globally, and par cularly in Africa. This LLMICs that deals with the rela onships how cultural assets sustain an ar san
ar cle asserts that a human rights- between poverty and PND, including class in three rural villages close to the
based framework helps to iden fy how poverty affects PND and how city of Kandy in central Sri Lanka. The
these shared determinants. Moreover, PND affects poverty. The paper finds field research found that embodied
it argues that a human rights-based that PND can impact nega vely on cultural tradi ons and subsequent
approach works to establish the health- a wide range of outcomes including material outputs are vital “resources”
related human rights standards to which maternal deaths due to suicide, the in achieving livelihood objec ves and
all women are en tled, as well as to mother-infant rela onship, child mee ng family aspira ons. The authors
outline the indivisible and intersec ng psychological development and infant argue that the development industry
human rights principles which inform nutri on and growth. High housing needs to reconsider cultural assets and
and guide efforts to prevent, protect density and overcrowding, par cularly tradi ons and incorporate them into its
from, respond to, and provide remedy where housing condi ons are poor, is a work at conceptual and programma c
for human rights viola ons-in this case source of stress, and is associated with levels. Conceptually development
related to HIV and maternal mortality common mental disorders, including needs to see itself as a cultural as
and morbidity. PND. How poverty is defined and used much as an economic or social process.
in research rela ng to PND is cri cal For this reason, the authors point
Health and Place for the relevance of research findings to programma c openings within
Volume 18, Issue 5, 2012 for policy and planning. Finally, this sustainable livelihoods approaches
“Poverty and Postnatal Depression: A paper asserts that longitudinal research for a greater explicit apprecia on and
2 ARTICLES
awareness of locally-specific cultural women (19.6%) were more likely to be will contribute to the mee ng of the
tradi ons, strengths and perspec ves. admi ed than men (14.7%); those in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
the poorest quin le had the highest of gender parity in educa on. With
Lancet probability of admission (18.1%); those this in mind, this ar cle examines the
Volume 12, Issue 7, 2012 with secondary school educa on, large challenges and possible future direc ons
“Burden of HIV among Female Sex household size, and aged 50 and above of ICTs and women’s educa on in
Workers in Low-Income and Middle- also had slightly greater probability of Nigeria.
Income Countries: A Systema c Review admission (p
Audiovisuals
Fuuse Films/Hardcash Productions IFPRI the audience. “We are now talking
www.fuuse-films.com nyurl.com/99 9xo of 50-50, so that we share equally in
Banaz: A Love Story Talk by Be y Achan Ogwaro development.” The minister emphasized
This documentary includes a searing During a talk hosted by IFPRI in October the crucially important role of women in
“inside look” into the life of Banaz 2012, the Republic of South Sudan’s agriculture in South Sudan, where 60%
Mahmod, a young Bri sh woman in Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, of the rural popula on are women who
suburban London in 2006 who tried Dr. Be y Achan Ogwaro, described ll the land, grow crops, reap, harvest,
store, and feed the family. Dr. Ogwaro
over and over again to get protec on the great poten al that South Sudan also men oned the need to encourage
from the London police before being holds for increasing food security for women to pursue research careers in
killed and “disappeared” by her own its people and neighboring na ons, higher educa on. 2012, 41 min.
Kurdish family, with the agreement as well as for economic growth more
and help of a large sec on of her own broadly, and encouraged partners from Mobility International USA (MIUSA)
community. It includes never-before both private and public sectors to help www.miusa.org
seen footage recorded by Banaz’s the country reach it. A formidable Crea ng a World as it Should be: The
boyfriend Rahmat. The film also includes presence in South Sudanese poli cs, Power of Disabled Women Ac vists
interviews with Banaz’s sister Bekhal, Dr. Ogwaro is also a leader for women’s The video documents the power
and an up-close look at the Scotland rights in her country, and one of the of women leaders with disabili es
Yard detec ve, Chief Inspector Caroline key nego ators of a cons tu onal right in their quest to be included in
Goode, who worked relessly to track for 25% representa on of women at interna onal development programs.
down the killers of Banaz. all levels of government. “Now we are Interviews with highly accomplished
no longer talking of 25%,” she told women with disabili es highlight the
4
vision, determina on, challenges and Real World Program Women Make Movies
recommenda ons for including women nyurl.com/95ht5yj www.wmm.com
and girls in interna onal development 30% (Women and Poli cs in Sierra Skydancer
programs. Their eloquent and Leone) Renowned for their balance and skill,
passionate message resonates with the As a child, Bernade e Lahai of the Sierra six genera ons of Mohawk men have
need for the interna onal development Leone People’s Party was told not to been leaving their families behind on
community to form partnerships whistle; like poli cs, decision-making, the reserva on to travel to New York
with disabled women ac vists so that and so many other aspects of the City, to work on some of the biggest
women and girls with disabili es can be na onal culture, whistling was felt to be construc on jobs in the world. Jerry
included in all programs, such as health, the sole preserve of men. For a decade, McDonald Thundercloud and his
microcredit, HIV/AIDS and violence Lahai and many other women have colleague Sky shu le between the hard
preven on, educa on, and emergency been figh ng a campaign to increase drinking Brooklyn lodging houses they
response. The video also focuses on female representa on in parliament. call home during the week and their
MIUSA’s unique model of interna onal Though disappointed not to achieve rural reserva on, a grueling drive six
leadership training, the Women’s their target of a 30% quota ahead of hours north, where a family weekend
Ins tute on Leadership and Disability, November’s elec ons, they have made awaits. Their wives are only too familiar
which has brought together 176 women significant headway in the ba le for with the sacrifices that their jobs
with disabili es who are grassroots gender equality—and with their goal in have upon family life. While the men
leaders from over 80 countries. Sharing sight, they won’t rest un l the struggle is are away working, the women o en
strategies across borders, this powerful, won. This short film is their story. 2012, struggle to keep their children away
upli ing and invigora ng documentary 10 min. from the illegal tempta ons of this
portrays ac vists who are paving the economically-deprived area. Through
way for women and girls in their own UNRISD archival documents and interviews,
www.unrisd.org/podcasts Academy Award-nominated director
countries to achieve their human rights.
2012, 18 min. Catching Up with the “Quiet Katja Esson explores the colorful and
Revolu on?” Work-Family Policies in at mes tragic history of the Mohawk
Plan UK La n America skywalkers, bringing us a nuanced
nyurl.com/a2o4t8x As part of UNRISD’s seminar series, portrait of modern Na ve American life
Choices for Girls: Ending Child Marriage Juliana Mar nez Franzoni and Merike and a visually stunning story of double
Every three seconds a girl is forced, Blofield give a talk on policies in La n lives. 2011, 75 min.
coaxed or coerced into marriage. One America that help to reconcile work and
in seven girls in the developing world family. They chart the changes in policies Going Up the Stairs: Portrait of an
is married by the age of 15—some at adopted between 2000 and 2011 Unlikely Iranian Ar st
just five years old. Child marriage can across several dimensions, including Warm, revealing and o en surprisingly
mean dangerous early pregnancies condi onal cash transfers, services and funny, the award-winning Going Up
and increased risk of violence, spelling regula ons for paid and unpaid workers, the Stairs tells the story of Akram, an
the end of girls’ educa on, dreams, especially domes c workers. 2012, 67 illiterate 50-year-old Iranian woman who
opportuni es and choices. Child min. became a painter unexpectedly late in
marriage has complex interlinked life, hiding her powerful art under the
causes—from cultural norms to poverty. Solidarity Economy and Alterna ve carpet from possibly disapproving eyes.
But there are solu ons. We can end it. Finance: A Different Development She finally tells her Western-educated
Plan UK is working with governments, Model? children about her work and they
teachers, parents, community leaders During the 2012 Social Forum of the UN arrange for her to have an exhibi on in
and boys and girls themselves, to do Human Rights Council, UNRISD and the far-off Paris. The only hitch in this plan is
just that. The first in this series of short UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service that Akram must obtain permission from
films shows the impact that marrying (NGLS) organized a side event examining her husband—who she married when
very young has had on some young the poten al and challenges of solidarity she was 8 and he was in his 30s—in
women, while the following five films economy and how alterna ve finance order to a end. This film is an inspiring
in the series look at how sustainable could support or help scale up such resource for courses on contemporary
change is possible focusing on the development models. A full recording Muslim and Islamic studies, women’s
role of governments, cultural leaders, of the event is available as part of the studies, art and more. 2011, 52 min.
educa on, and community members in UNRISD podcast series. 2012, 100 min.
ending child marriage. 2012, 21 min.
AUDIOVISUALS
5
Monographs and Technical Reports
ActionAid proper family support, achieve higher Bangladesh, as well as the literature
nyurl.com/ao6gp5n educa on, and gain more respect in about the endeavor of BRAC to bring
“Righ ng the MDGs: Contexts family life. However, a huge number out women from their tradi onal image.
and Opportuni es for a Post-2015 of highly educated women are not in Data was collected using qualita ve
Framework,” 2012, 7pp. This report posi ons that would allow them to use techniques such as in-depth interviews
outlines how poli cal, social and their educa on as a capital to fulfill and informal discussions. Content
economic landscapes have shi ed since their basic needs, and subsequently, analysis was used to interpret and
the Millennium Development Goals they are leading a life which is at risk of analyze the content of both interviews
(MDGs) were conceived in the 1990s being poor. Professional iden ty is not and discussion.
and how the follow-up framework only a source of income but also a way
should best address these changes. of social interac on and social security. Center for Global Development
Environmental concerns, the changing This paper aims to explore Bangladeshi nyurl.com/9vjmm6x
demographics of poverty, and the women’s poten al poverty despite being“Commitment to Development
persistence of gender inequali es highly educated. Index,” by D. Roodman, 2012, 6pp. The
are among the key concerns, as is Commitment to Development Index
the need to deepen the impact of BRAC Education Program ranks 27 of the world’s richest countries
a new framework by ensuring that nyurl.com/9djk835 on their dedica on to policies that
human rights lie at its core. The “Changing Expecta ons of Gender Roles benefit the 5.5 billion people living
report also explores how new sourcesin Bangladesh: The Case of Female in poorer na ons. Moving beyond
of development finance, including Field Staff of BRAC,” by R. Ali, 2012, standard comparisons of foreign aid
progressive taxa on, could fund a post-
47pp. This study aims to analyze the volumes, the CDI quan fies a range of
2015 framework helping to end aid situa on of female staff of BRAC working rich-country policies that affect poor
dependency for developing countries.in the field. Here, the study tries to find people in developing countries: quan ty
out how women nego ate between and quality of foreign aid; openness
Bangladesh Development Research their tradi onal gender roles and the to exports; policies that encourage
Center (BDRC) new roles offered by the organiza on, investment; migra on policies;
nyurl.com/bpjlv9p as well as the gap between gender environmental policies; security policies;
“Why Highly Educated Women Face policies of the organiza on and the and support for technology crea on
Poten al Poverty: A Case Study in reality women experience. The study and dissemina on. Why does the CDI
Dhaka, Bangladesh,” by Syeda Umme took theore cal reference of different ma er? Because in an increasingly
Jakera Malik, 2012, 22pp. Although forms of patriarchy, gender division of integrated world, the behavior of rich
highly educated women in Bangladesh labor, the public-private dichotomy, countries can profoundly affect the
expect to achieve gender equality, na onal imaginary of ideal woman of lives of people in poor countries and
compared to highly because poverty and weak
educated men, they ins tu ons in developing
experience poverty in countries can breed public
dispropor onate scales. health crises, security
Various educa onal and threats, and economic
mo va onal programs crises that know no borders.
have been successfully Commi ng to policies that
working in Bangladesh. promote development
Subsequently, many and well-being is a global
women have broken out impera ve.
of the common social
problems like illiteracy, Central American
early marriage, etc. For Women’s Network
example, Bangladesh has (CAWN)
already achieved gender www.cawn.org
parity in educa on levels. “Maternal Health,
Many women are ge ng Reproduc ve Rights, and
6
the Criminaliza on of Abor on,” 2012, with lesbians less likely if they were needed for inclusive and sustainable
14pp. This briefing paper examines the iden fied as such. Sex-workers face a development. The paper argues that
criminaliza on of abor on throughout par cular struggle to gain poli cal or the challenges outlined in the first
Central America. El Salvador and civil legi macy. Other findings are that paper call for collec ve ac on of an
Nicaragua have the most stringent the likelihood of interpersonal violence unprecedented scale, scope and speed.
bans on abor on, which allow for no increases alongside social exclusion. It examines the complex ins tu onal
excep on for cases of rape, incest, Service providers were also interviewed space occupied by the many actors,
threat to the mother’s health or as part of the study, with discussion on policies and instruments available
severe fetus abnormality—not even barriers to providing services, how to to tackle these challenges, and their
to save a woman’s life in immediate encourage more women to seek help, varied mo va ons and capabili es. It
risk. Honduras and Guatemala share and their knowledge of and a tudes outlines three main op ons available to
similar legisla ons although emergency towards laws on violence against development agencies: concentra ng
abor on—to save the mother’s women. This report concludes that on being an efficient disburser of
life—is permi ed. The effects of this socie es should view and address social official development assistance (ODA);
criminaliza on are causing widespread exclusion, s gma, discrimina on and becoming brokers and managers of ODA
human rights viola ons and reflect violence through a more deeply-rooted and ODA-like funds, concentra ng on
systemic discrimina on against women equality-based approach. financial issues and building stronger
in the region. Women and girls are partnerships with the private sector
forced to con nue with pregnancies Danish International Development and non-tradi onal donors; and
which endanger them and can be le Agency (DANIDA) becoming deal-makers and brokers
to die from an ectopic pregnancy or nyurl.com/d63347y across government and interna onally,
obstetric emergency, denied life-saving “The Challenge of, and Opportuni es providing a unique perspec ve and
treatment while pregnant if it could for, Inclusive and Sustainable resources (financial and non-financial)
provoke a miscarriage, and are o en Development,” by Andrew Norton, on issues that shape global well-being.
reluctant to seek medical help a er a 2012, 9pp. This first paper aims to Together, these two challenge papers
miscarriage in case they are accused of support high-level discussion on the aim to illuminate the context of the
procuring an abor on. CAWN’s report challenges facing global development. current development paradigm, and
outlines the current situa on in Central It reviews four key challenges: outline poten al responses.
America, as well as recommenda ons persistent poverty; globaliza on and
for improvement moving forward. socioeconomic transi ons; sustainable Equality Now
development in the context of climate nyurl.com/95h5j4q
CREA change; and human security, violence “Learning From Cases of Girls’
nyurl.com/9w2g3sr and conflict. The author points to major Rights,” 2012, 48pp. Represen ng
“Count me in! Research Report poten al risks, including shocks in the knowledge gained from cases
on Violence Against Disabled, the world economy, civil conflict and undertaken as part of Equality Now’s
Lesbian, and Sex-Working Women in fragility, long-term resource scarci es Adolescent Girls’ Legal Defense Fund
Bangladesh, India, and Nepal,” by S. and climate change. As a result, he (AGLDF), this paper iden fies and
Faiz Rashid, T. Hasan, and S. Camellia, argues that policy needs to engage with addresses the common obstacles faced
2012, 178pp. Based on the first ever change, focusing on the supra-na onal by adolescent girls in their pursuit of
mul country research study on level to deliver global public goods. jus ce. Since its incep on in 2008, the
violence against disabled, lesbian and He asserts that the most significant AGLDF has taken up nine cases involving
sex-working women, this report from contemporary challenge is at a meta- various forms of sexual violence, the
CREA, in partnership with University level—how to improve the weak most common abuse suffered by girls, in
College London, collates the findings capacity of global ins tu ons, processes seven countries. This paper consolidates
that have emerged and presents and rela onships to act coherently to and aggregates the lessons learned
recommenda ons. Three countries were address collec ve ac on problems in an from these cases in an effort to establish
studied: Bangladesh, with contribu ons increasingly mul polar world. legal precedents to prevent and be er
by BRAC University; India, with help address future viola ons of girls’ rights.
from Society for Nutri on, Educa on “The Policy and Ins tu onal Response
and Health Ac on; and Nepal, via the to Development Challenges: Forging FAO Animal Production and Health
Centre for Research on Environment New Partnerships,” by Andrew nyurl.com/cwac8xj
Health and Popula on Ac vi es. Of the Rogerson, 2012, 8pp. This second paper “Invisible Guardians: Women Manage
three groups of women interviewed in picks up the themes emerging from Livestock Diversity,” by I. Köhler-
this study, it is disabled women that are the first paper to address the policy Rollefson, 2012, 74pp. This paper
most likely to a ract policy a en on, and ins tu onal responses that are highlights the important role of women
MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTS
7
in maintaining livestock diversity by money or goods in exchange for sexual Violence Preven on Network and
analyzing global trends in the livestock services, either regularly or occasionally. the South African Medical Research
sector from the perspec ve of their This paper states that many sex Council undertook a capacity building
influence on gender roles in livestock workers do not seek nor have access program that paired NGOs with
keeping and animal gene c resources to HIV preven on, treatment, care and research ins tu ons in the region.
management. Global case studies support advice, or services, including in Their experience shows that partnering
illustrate that while, to a degree, humanitarian and post-conflict se ngs. violence preven on organiza ons
women acquire their role as guardians It states that the delivery of effec ve with researchers has strengthened the
of diversity by default because of global services to sex workers and their clients formers’ skills to carry out relevant
trends, many also make an ac ve and o en encounters barriers that reflect ac on research, and directed evidence
conscious contribu on to livestock complex cultural, religious, and social into the hands of those best posi oned
management. The report also highlights dynamics. Addi onally, sex workers may to use it, namely ac vists and program
opportuni es to enhance women’s roles be further vic mized by membership implementers. This paper outlines these
as guardians of livestock diversity. It in other popula ons that are highly experiences and findings.
provides recommenda ons to integrate vulnerable to HIV exposure, such as
gender issues into projects and policies injec ng drug users. ICRW, UNFPA, AusAID, AFPPD
through: collec ng disaggregated data nyurl.com/8n8y562
on the roles of women; designing ICRW “Child Marriage in Southern Asia,”
extension and training to be accessible nyurl.com/9r248kf 2012, 24pp. Child marriage is not only a
to women; inves ga ng family “Agrodealerships in Western Kenya: viola on of a girl’s rights; it also seriously
structures of women and how they How Promising for Agricultural compromises efforts to reduce gender-
influence the ability of women to Development and Women Farmers?” based violence, advance educa on,
interact in projects; and inves ga ng by Bell Okello, Silvia Paruzzolo, Rekha overcome poverty and improve health
problems women have in accessing Mehra, Adithi She y and Ellen Weiss, indicators for girls and women. In these
markets for animal products. 2012, 10pp. Agriculture is a cri cal just-released policy and advocacy briefs,
driver of economic growth in Kenya. the Interna onal Center for Research
Global Network of Sex Work Agrodealers link input suppliers on Women (ICRW) and its partners
Projects to farmers and farmers to output highlight the life-threatening situa ons
nyurl.com/9u9wfg6 markets. Unfortunately, access to, and girls in nine Southern Asian countries
“UNAIDS Guidance Note on HIV and appropriate use of, agricultural inputs face on account of child marriage and
Sex Work (updated),” 2012, 56pp. This is o en cited as one of the biggest recommend ways in which policymakers
Guidance Note has been developed to challenges facing most small-scale can prevent the prac ce. The nine
provide the UNAIDS Cosponsors and farmers, especially women. This paper countries included in the briefs are:
Secretariat with a coordinated human- highlights findings from an assessment Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
rights-based approach to promo ng of the agrodealership model in Western Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri
universal access to HIV preven on, Kenya and the model’s poten al to Lanka.
treatment, care and support in the deliver inputs and services to women
context of adult sex work. It provides farmers. ICRW, UNFPA, AusAID, ISDS, CREHPA
clarifica on and direc on regarding nyurl.com/9mug2yt
approaches by UNAIDS to reduce HIV ICRW, Gender-based Violence “Study on Gender, Masculinity, and Son
risk and vulnerability in the context Prevention Network, South African Preference in Nepal and Vietnam,” by
of sex work. It provides a policy and Medical Research Council Priya Nanda, Abhishek Gautam, and Ravi
programma c emphasis that rests on nyurl.com/c 8skn Verma, 2012, 98pp.This report provides
three interdependent pillars: access to “Strengthening Research and Ac on the results of the study undertaken
HIV preven on, treatment, care and on Gender-Based Violence in Africa,” by Interna onal Center for Research
support for all sex workers and their by Ellen Weiss, Stella Mukasa, Mary on Women (ICRW) in partnership with
clients; suppor ve environments and Ellsberg, Naeemah Abrahams, Shanaaz Center for Research on Environment,
partnerships that facilitate universal Mathews, Lori Michau, Jean Kemitare, Health and Popula on Ac vi es
access to needed services, including life and Margo Young, 2012, 28pp. Research (CREHPA) in Nepal and Ins tute for
choices and occupa onal alterna ves to provides needed evidence to advocate Social Development Studies (ISDS),
sex work for those who want to leave it; for strong laws and programs to Vietnam. The study was commissioned
and ac on to address structural issues combat gender-based violence. Yet by UNFPA, Asia and Pacific Regional
related to HIV and sex work. Sex workers research capacity is lagging in many Office, Bangkok and funded by
include female, male and transgender parts of the world, including Africa. Australian Government, AusAID. The
adults and young people who receive In response, ICRW, the Gender-based objec ve of the study was to explore
MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTS
8
the gender norms, masculine behavior months including their security 72pp. The Global Hunger Index assesses
and a tude towards son preference concerns, the cons tu onal process the state of world hunger and iden fies
in Nepal and Vietnam. This study was and evolving poli cal landscape and its the countries and regions where
the first of its kind in both countries implica on for women. It highlights key hunger and malnutri on are most
that explored men’s a tudes on a recommenda ons to interna onal and severe. Twenty countries were found
wide range of issues related to gender domes c actors with regard to women’s to have hunger levels at “alarming” and
equality, son preference, the levels rights, peace, and security. “extremely alarming” levels. Burundi,
and types of in mate partner violence Eritrea, and Hai fell in the “extremely
and knowledge and a tude towards Institute of Development Studies alarming” category. South Asia and
laws and policies related (IDS) Sub-Saharan Africa topped
to women’s rights. The the list of regions suffering
study affirms that high son from the highest levels of
preference, conserva ve hunger. This year’s report,
gender roles, and released for the seventh
inequitable a tudes persist year, focuses on the threat
in both countries. of unsustainable land,
water, and energy use to
International Civil the food security of the
Society Action Network world’s poorest and most
for Women’s Rights, vulnerable—and makes clear
Peace, and Security policy recommenda ons to
(ICAN) improve food security under
nyurl.com/a8u4k4y this growing pressure. These
“What the Women Say: include securing land and
Egypt’s Fi ul Revolu on— water rights, phasing out
Women in the Balance,” inefficient subsidies, scaling
2012, 12pp. From the outset up technical solu ons to
of the revolu on, Egyp an conserve natural resources,
women from all sectors and taking ac on to address
of society were central to the events. nyurl.com/6qa5xdw
the drivers of natural resources
They were in the streets alongside men “Mobilizing Men in Prac ce: scarcity—such as demographic change,
from the early days of the protests. Challenging Sexual and Gender Based income inequality, and climate change.
They ini ated their own protests. They Violence in Ins tu onal Se ngs,” by
have borne a large share of the violence A. Grieg and J. Edstrom, 2012, 114 pp. International Institute for
dispensed primarily by state security This document brings together stories, Sustainable Development
forces, and are frequently the target tools and lessons from the work of the nyurl.com/8doq66q
of hos lity and regressive measures Mobilizing Men program, a partnership “Moving Beyond the Tool: ICTs in the
introduced by some Islamists. They looking at ways of engaging men as Sustainable Development Discussion
have also been a cri cal cons tuency gender ac vists. Set up in 2009, the at Rio+20,” by S. Finnegan, 2012, 7pp.
in the elec ons—as voters and to a program involves country partners Rio has a long history with informa on
lesser extent as candidates. Yet few of in Kenya, India, and Uganda who and communica on technology (ICT).
the women who par cipated in the iden fy, recruit, train, and support The Earth Summit in 1992 was one of
uprisings could imagine how quickly teams of male ac vists who then work the first United Na ons conferences
their contribu ons to the revolu on with women to challenge and change to be set up with “communica ons
could be overlooked and how rapidly ins tu onal se ngs that enable and centers,” which facilitated online
women’s rights gains of the past could enact violence against women. The discussion and kept civil society around
be threatened with reversal. But program is supported by the Ins tute the world informed about the UN
their experiences with the military of Development Studies and the United talks. Twenty years later, ICTs featured
establishment and the Islamists have Na ons Popula on Fund. prominently in the day-to-day ac vi es
put many women—both long- me of the Rio+20 conference. ICTs could
and newer ac vists—on high alert. International Food Policy Research be found everywhere: from interac ve
Reflec ng on the experiences of Institute (IFPRI), Welthungerhilfe, & informa on kiosks and super-WiFi
women in the uprising and transi onal Concern Worldwide demonstra ons for par cipants, to
nyurl.com/967sc3k
months, this brief provides a snapshot overflowing computer labs, blogging
of developments in the past eighteen “2012 Global Hunger Index,” 2012, rooms and media areas, with rows of
MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTS
9wireless devices plugged into every in reports, mee ngs, presiden al Rights Protocol. This report documents
available electrical outlet. People were statements, and resolu ons of the the findings of a qualita ve impact
connected, and the Internet was a UN Security Council over a 12 month evalua on, completed in April 2012,
vital part of the daily interac ons and period, from 1 August 2011 through which used process tracing to assess
work being carried on throughout 31 July 2012, demonstra ng the need the effec veness of the project at
the summit. Par cipants tweeted, for consistent informa on, analysis increasing government’s responsiveness
blogged, uploaded photos, shared and recommenda ons to flow into to women’s concerns, and decreasing
and gathered informa on at rates far the Council, and for the Council to incidence of gender based violence (GBV)
greater than could ever have been ensure it acts with consistency and with and rape.
possible at the original Earth Summit. commitment on its women, peace and
Ironically, despite the dependence security obliga ons. nyurl.com/9kxc95u
on, and ubiquity of, technology at the “Flood Preparedness in Viet Nam: A
Rio+20 conference, there was very li le Oxfam Systema c Gender-Aware Approach,” by
reflec on on the ways that technology nyurl.com/8obzoq6 Dung Le Thi My and Hai Vu Minh, 2012,
has shaped economic, social and poli cal “Cash Transfers in Nairobi’s Slums: 10pp. In flood-prone areas of Viet Nam,
structures in the 20 years since the Improving Food Security and Gender most people are at high risk of drowning
first Earth Summit or on the challenges Dynamics,” by Claire Harvey, 2012, either because they cannot swim or
to sustainable development that ICTs 14pp. In Kenya, a combina on of factors lack informa on about how to protect
present. This paper examines the ways in led to the food crisis of 2008-9, which themselves in the event of a flood.
which ICTs were addressed in the formal put around 9.5 million people at risk Women and children are par cularly
and informal summits, no ng cri cal of starva on. About 4.1 million of vulnerable—the former because many of
discussion points as well as highligh ng those affected were living in informal them commute to work by boat. Oxfam
gaps and missed opportuni es. se lements (slums) in the capital, and the governments of Viet Nam and
Nairobi. Oxfam and Concern Worldwide Australia have worked with affected
NGO Working Group on Women, developed a joint program to address communi es to develop and implement
Peace and Security this unfolding emergency. The program, a par cipatory disaster management
nyurl.com/8ugf4me implemented with local partners in two program with a systema c gender-aware
“Mapping Women, Peace and Security slums, aimed to improve access to food approach. The program raised awareness
in the UN Security Council: Report of in the short term via cash transfers and of disaster preparedness ac vi es and
the NGOWG Monthly Ac on Points For to provide further income opportuni es also built knowledge, skills, and capacity
2011-2012,” by Sarah Taylor, Kris na and improve livelihoods in the longer at provincial, district, and community
Mader, and Deborah Accurso, 2012, term. This paper examines this cash levels.
180pp. Efforts have been made to make transfer program in Nairobi.
progress on the Women, Peace and nyurl.com/98t576l
Security agenda. Indeed, those who live nyurl.com/cx4gkkl “Post-Earthquake Response and
in areas affected by conflict, par cularly “Effec veness Review: Raising Poor Reconstruc on: Gender-Sensi ve
women, have long been working without and Marginalized Women’s Voices, Advocacy in Indonesia,” by Claire Harvey
sufficient recogni on on these issues. Liberia,” by Gwendolyn Heaner, 2012, and Ines Smyth, 2012, 10pp. Around
Policy makers at the interna onal 37pp. The project is part of Oxfam’s 1 million Indonesians are affected by
level have increasingly recognized the global Raising Her Voice (RHV) program, natural disasters every year. Despite
importance of this work, and have begun which seeks to promote the rights and significant government investment in
to embed support for it in interna onal capacity of poor women to engage early warning systems and disaster
obliga ons. Frameworks for ac on, the effec vely in governance at all levels management, the impact of the 2009
development of good policy prac ce, and through increased voice and influence earthquake in West Sumatra showed that
commitments to end sexual violence in and more effec ve ins tu onal much more needs to be done. Oxfam’s
conflict have all been part of na onal, accountability. Oxfam Liberia, with two post-earthquake advocacy work aimed
regional, and global ini a ves in recent local partners, Women of Liberia Peace to build understanding of how gender
years. In the situa ons examined in this Network (WOLPNET) and Women NGO inequality shapes vulnerability and
report one sees that while there are Secretariat of Liberia (WONGOSOL), to promote women’s par cipa on in
areas of significant norma ve progress, has been working to support the designing the emergency response. This
the necessary and consistent ac on by establishment of a vibrant coali on document presents the insights gained
the interna onal community remains for poor and marginalized women in through the work done by Oxfam.
acutely insufficient. The report provides eight coun es and encourage more
responsive governance through greater nyurl.com/9 ag24
an in-depth, qualita ve analysis of
the women, peace and security work compliance with the African Women’s “Protec ng Communi es in the DRC:
10 MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTSUnderstanding Gender Dynamics and examines the extent to which this was is mul faceted, complex and devasta ng
Empowering Women and Men,” by achieved. In par cular it considers and to women. It demands appropriate
Emma Fanning and Rachel Has e, 2012, evaluates the following: the involvement legisla on to confront it and remove
15pp. Armed conflict has devastated of women in program planning and pressure from the vic ms; women’s
large swathes of the Democra c implementa on; constraints that limited organizing is vital for publicizing the
Republic of Congo since 1997. Civilians their involvement; and program outputs harmful nature of domes c violence and
in many parts of the eastern provinces and outcomes, and the views of women for formula ng and monitoring domes c
s ll face constant threats of forced on these. violence legisla on. Donors should
displacement, support feminist
sexual violence, organiza ons and
abduc on, and ini a ves to confront
extor on, not only domes c violence;
from mili a groups comprehensive
but in many cases legisla on packages
from those who are needed to
are mandated confront domes c
to protect them. violence against
Oxfam’s protec on women. They should
program in include puni ve,
the DRC aims protec ve and
to strengthen preventa ve measures
the ability of and provisions for
communi es to the monitoring
advocate for their of legisla on
rights, including implementa on,
the right to effec veness of
protec on from domes c violence
violence and legisla on depends
exploita on. This on appropriate
evalua on of training of all service
the program’s impact shows that in a Pathways of Women’s providers, cross-agency coordina on,
situa on where so many people’s rights Empowerment public opinion support, monitoring of
are abused and violated, empowering nyurl.com/9h5h2rw policies by civil society organiza ons,
women o en means including and “What Makes Domes c Violence and adequate budgets at all levels.
empowering men in the humanitarian Legisla on More Effec ve?” by C.
response too. Sardenberg, 2011, 18pp. This policy Stockholm Environment Institute
paper, developed as part of the nyurl.com/952s4uv
nyurl.com/97znro9 Pathways of Women’s Empowerment “Climate Policy and Development: an
“Restoring Livelihoods A er Floods: program, considers four key ques ons: Economic Analysis,” by F. Ackerman,
Gender-Sensi ve Response and What is domes c violence and E. Stanton, and R. Bueno, 2012, 13pp.
Community-Owned Recovery in how is it manifested? What role This paper describes the use of the
Pakistan,” by Davina Jeffrey, 2012, 17pp. has women’s organizing played in Climate and Regional Economics
Following unprecedented flooding in confron ng domes c violence? What of Development (CRED) model to
2010, Oxfam and partners launched should domes c violence legisla on explore the interconnec ons between
an early recovery program in Sindh encompass? What are the major issues climate and development policy. CRED
Province, Pakistan. As well as directly to address to guarantee the effec veness scenarios, based on high and low
suppor ng food security, this program of laws on domes c violence? The projec ons of climate damages, and
included support for women and men paper draws on several pieces of high and low discount rates, are used
to establish livelihoods and rebuild research conducted by Pathways to analyze the effects of varying levels
assets when they began to return to partners, par cularly the Observatory of assistance to the poorest regions
their villages. This also offered some for Monitoring the Implementa on of of the world. The authors find that
opportuni es to promote improved Maria da Penha Law (OBSERVE) in Brazil, climate and development choices are
livelihoods. It was intended that but also from partners in Bangladesh, almost independent of each other, if
interven ons should benefit the en re Egypt and Ghana. The paper presents the climate threat is seen as either
household, including women. This paper four policy messages: Domes c violence very mild or very serious. The op mal
MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTS
11climate policy is to do very li le in the draws on a comprehensive analysis of and resource use. Persistent inequali es
former case, and a lot in the la er academic and grey literature, content and struggles over scarce resources are
case, regardless of development. In the analysis of key documents, and a series among key determinants of situa ons of
la er case, however, assistance may of semi-structured expert interviews conflict, hunger, insecurity and violence,
be required for the poorest regions to conducted in Ethiopia and Kenya during which in turn are key factors that hold
respond to serious climate threats in several sessions of climate nego a ons back human development and efforts
the globally op mal manner. Under between 2009 and 2011. to achieve sustainable development.
intermediate assump ons about Business as usual thus
the severity of climate risks, cannot be an op on and
development policy plays a transforma ve change is
greater role. needed. As the challenges
are highly interdependent,
Tyndall Centre for Climate a new, more holis c
Change Research approach is needed to
nyurl.com/c527lsz address them. Accordingly,
“Governing Clean Development this first report prepared
in Least Developed Countries: Do by the UN System-wide
CDM Rules Promote Renewable Task Team on the Post-
Energy in Ethiopia?” by S. Hoch, 2015 UN Development
2012, 21pp. Climate policy is Agenda recommends a
becoming more important for vision for the future that
the sustainable development rests on the core values of
of non-Annex I countries, for human rights, equality and
instance by suppor ng access sustainability.
to renewable energy. In order to
be er adapt the CDM and future UNDP
climate policy instruments to the nyurl.com/9nvckvf
circumstances of low-income “Powerful Synergies:
countries, it is important to Gender Equality,
understand how the CDM’s Economic Development
ins tu onal dimensions impact and Environmental
governance processes in host Sustainability,” 2012,
countries. Hence, this paper 212pp. This collec on
presents a case study on how of contribu ons by
CDM rules for renewable energy gender and sustainable
genera on impact climate and development
energy governance in Ethiopia. experts explores the
First, the paper develops a UN interconnec ons between
theore cal approach to analyze climate nyurl.com/9py3d5t gender equality and sustainable
governance processes which is grounded “Realizing the Future We Want for development across a range of sectors
in sociological ins tu onalism. Second, All: Report to the Secretary-General,” and issues such as energy, health,
the paper applies these concepts to the 2012, 58pp. The central challenge of the educa on, food security, climate
CDM as a governance ins tu on that is post-2015 UN Development Agenda is change, human rights, consump on and
nested within the overarching regime, to ensure that globaliza on becomes a produc on pa erns, and urbaniza on.
in order to develop a more nuanced posi ve force for all the world’s peoples The ar cles provide evidence on how
understanding of CDM rules. CDM rules of present and future genera ons. women’s equal access and control over
for renewable energy are discussed Globaliza on offers great opportuni es, resources not only improves livelihoods,
with regard to their relevance for LDCs but its benefits are at present very but also helps ensure the sustainability
in a process-oriented perspec ve that unevenly shared. The con nuous striving of the environment. Recommenda ons
accounts for ongoing CDM reforms. for improvements in material welfare is for policy makers and prac oners
Third, these prepara ons guide the threatening to surpass the limits of the include: develop a par cipatory and
induc ve analysis of the impact of natural resource base unless there is a gender-responsive consulta on process
these CDM rules on climate and energy radical shi towards more sustainable to inform and ensure equitable decision-
governance in Ethiopia. This case study pa erns of consump on and produc on making; commit to building a green
12 MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTSeconomy based on gender equality, and it considers the social and economic 2012 theme of Interna onal Women’s
poverty eradica on, and technological impact of family planning, as well as the Day was “Connec ng Girls, Inspiring
and social systems that reduce the costs and savings of making it available Futures.” Following this theme, this
environmental impact of produc on to everyone who needs it. The report paper studies a deprived but major
and consump on; decrease women’s asserts that governments, civil society, segment of girls who are “street girls”
growing burden of unpaid labor by health providers and communi es have and their social connec ons in Dhaka
increasing their access to appropriate the responsibility to protect the right City, Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, much
technologies and natural resources. to family planning for women across progress has been made to protect
the spectrum, including those who are and promote adolescent girls and
UNFPA young or unmarried. Nevertheless, the girl children’s rights in recent mes.
nyurl.com/a9a52gp report finds that financial resources However, girls are found in con nuous
“Marrying Too Young: End Child for family planning have declined and vic miza on of violence, depriva on
Marriage,” 2012, 76pp. Despite near- contracep ve use has remained mostly of basic human needs and rights. This
universal commitments to end child steady. In 2010, donor countries fell study finds that the majority of the
marriage, one in three girls in developing $500 million short of their expected street girls (37.5%) are flower sellers
countries (excluding China) will probably contribu on to sexual and reproduc ve whereas, 18.8% are pros tutes, 6.25%
be married before they are 18. One out health services in developing countries. are garment workers, 6.25% are beggars,
of nine girls will be married before their Contracep ve prevalence has increased 12.5% are shopkeepers and 6.25% are
15th birthday. Most of these girls are globally by just 0.1% per year over the paper-hawkers. Authors assert that in
poor, less-educated, and living in rural last few years. order to reduce the gender gap not
areas. Over 67 million women 20-24 only between men and women but also
years old in 2010 had been married UNISDR and Plan International among women and girls, par cipa on
as girls. Half were in Asia, one-fi h in nyurl.com/dxhhfyu must be increased at all ers of
Africa. In the next decade 14.2 million “Children’s Ac on for Disaster Risk Bangladeshi society.
girls under age 18 will be married every Reduc on: Views from Children in
year. This will rise to an average of 15.1 Asia,” 2012, 50pp. This report indicates UNRISD
million girls a year, star ng in 2021 that Asian children and youth have been nyurl.com/9rjhf4q
un l 2030, if present trends con nue. involved in hazard mapping, raising “Gender Pa erns and Value of Unpaid
Interna onal conven ons declare that awareness through radio and games, as Work: Findings from China’s First
child marriage is a viola on of human well as influencing other children, their Large-Scale Time Use Survey,” by
rights because it denies girls the right teachers, parents and communi es on Xiao-Yuan Dong and Xinli An, 2012,
to decide when and with whom to how to reduce the effects of disasters. 32pp. Women throughout the world
marry. This report is intended to help The report underscores that children bear major responsibili es for unpaid
policymakers prevent this viola on of should not be seen only as vic ms in work, which includes housework and
girls’ rights. It summarizes available disasters, though they are vulnerable taking care of people at home and in
data and evidence, while offering advice and face par cular risks to their health, communi es for no explicit monetary
on the thicket of issues involved, and protec on, and access to educa on and reward. Unpaid work is essen al to the
suggests priori zed ac ons to reduce nutri on. The aim of the publica on is development of human capabili es
and eventually eliminate child marriage. to provide children and youth in Asia and well-being. However, due to me
a pla orm to report on progress made constraints, unpaid work limits women’s
nyurl.com/c2xok3x towards these commitments from ability to par cipate equally with men
“State of World Popula on 2012—By their own point of view. It documents in the labor market and reduces the
Choice, Not by Chance: Family Planning, the perspec ve of children from seven me available to them for self-care,
Human Rights, and Development,” Asian countries on how disasters and human capital investment, socializing
2012, 128pp. All human beings— climate change affects their lives and with other people, poli cal par cipa on
regardless of age, sex, race or income— their rights. The report also supports and relaxa on. Despite its important
are equal in dignity and rights. Yet 222 the implementa on of the Children’s implica ons for well-being and gender
million women in developing countries Charter for Disaster Risk Reduc on. equality, unpaid work is not counted in
are unable to exercise the human conven onal income and labor force
right to voluntary family planning. Unnayan Onneshan sta s cs. The provision of household
This flagship report analyzes data and nyurl.com/aneq6ak and care services, viewed as “the natural
trends to understand who is denied “Social Connec on of Street Girls in the duty of women,” is commonly taken for
access and why. It examines challenges Context of Dhaka City, Bangladesh,” granted in policy making. The authors
in expanding access to family planning by Jannatul Mozdalifa, 2012, 24pp. The take a close look at unpaid work using
MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTS 13You can also read
