German: World Language (5183) - The Praxis Study Companion - www.ets.org/praxis
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The Praxis®
Study Companion
German:
World Language
(5183)
www.ets.org/praxis
Welcome to the Praxis® Study Companion
Welcome to the Praxis® Study Companion
Prepare to Show What You Know
You have been working to acquire the knowledge and skills you need for your teaching career. Now you are
ready to demonstrate your abilities by taking a Praxis® test.
Using the Praxis Study Companion is a smart way to prepare for the test so you can do your best on test day. This
guide can help keep you on track and make the most efficient use of your study time.
The Study Companion contains practical information and helpful tools, including:
• An overview of the Praxis tests
• Specific information on the Praxis test you are taking
• A template study plan
• Study topics
• Practice questions and explanations of correct answers
• Test-taking tips and strategies
• Frequently asked questions
• Links to more detailed information
So where should you start? Begin by reviewing this guide in its entirety and note those sections that you need
to revisit. Then you can create your own personalized study plan and schedule based on your individual needs
and how much time you have before test day.
Keep in mind that study habits are individual. There are many different ways to successfully prepare for your
test. Some people study better on their own, while others prefer a group dynamic. You may have more energy
early in the day, but another test taker may concentrate better in the evening. So use this guide to develop the
approach that works best for you.
Your teaching career begins with preparation. Good luck!
Know What to Expect
Which tests should I take?
Each state or agency that uses the Praxis tests sets its own requirements for which test or tests you must take for
the teaching area you wish to pursue.
Before you register for a test, confirm your state or agency’s testing requirements at www.ets.org/praxis/states.
How are the Praxis tests given?
Praxis tests are given on computer. Other formats are available for test takers approved for accommodations (see
page 48).
The Praxis® Study Companion 2Welcome to the Praxis® Study Companion
What should I expect when taking the test on computer?
When taking the test on computer, you can expect to be asked to provide proper identification at the test
center. Once admitted, you will be given the opportunity to learn how the computer interface works (how to
answer questions, how to skip questions, how to go back to questions you skipped, etc.) before the testing time
begins. Watch the What to Expect on Test Day video to see what the experience is like.
Where and when are the Praxis tests offered?
You can select the test center that is most convenient for you. The Praxis tests are administered through an
international network of test centers, which includes Prometric® Testing Centers, some universities, and other
locations throughout the world.
Testing schedules may differ, so see the Praxis web site for more detailed test registration information at www.
ets.org/praxis/register.
The Praxis® Study Companion 3Table of Contents
Table of Contents
The Praxis® Study Companion guides you through the steps to success
1. Learn About Your Test.....................................................................................................5
Learn about the specific test you will be taking
2. U
nderstanding Question Types................................................................................... 16
Become comfortable with the types of questions you’ll find on the Praxis tests
3. Practice with Sample Test Questions.......................................................................... 18
Answer practice questions and find explanations for correct answers
4. Determine Your Strategy for Success.......................................................................... 39
Set clear goals and deadlines so your test preparation is focused and efficient
5. Develop Your Study Plan.............................................................................................. 42
Develop a personalized study plan and schedule
6. Review Smart Tips for Success..................................................................................... 46
Follow test-taking tips developed by experts
7. Check on Testing Accommodations............................................................................ 48
See if you qualify for accommodations that may make it easier to take the Praxis test
8. Do Your Best on Test Day.............................................................................................. 49
Get ready for test day so you will be calm and confident
9. Understand Your Scores............................................................................................... 51
Understand how tests are scored and how to interpret your test scores
Appendix: Other Questions You May Have .................................................................... 53
The Praxis® Study Companion 4Step 1: Learn About Your Test
1. Learn About Your Test
Learn about the specific test you will be taking
German: World Language (5183)
Test at a Glance
Test Name German: World Language
Test Code 5183
Time Approximately 3 hours, including the Listening Practice section and the optional
practice with the built-in character toolbar for the Writing section
Number of Questions 75 selected-response questions and 6 constructed-response questions
Format Listening Practice section (not scored). 6 practice selected-response questions of
the type in the Listening with Cultural Knowledge section (10 minutes)
Section 1. Listening with Cultural Knowledge; 36 selected-response questions
(50 minutes)
Section 2. Reading with Cultural Knowledge; 39 selected-response questions
(50 minutes)
Writing Practice (not scored). One practice constructed-response exercise using
the built-in character toolbar (5 minutes)
Section 3. Writing; 3 constructed-response tasks (50 minutes)
Section 4. Speaking; 3 constructed-response tasks (15 minutes)
Note: This test will include questions with an audio component in the Listening
and Speaking sections.
Test Delivery
Computer delivered
Approximate Approximate
Content Categories Number of Percentage of
Questions Examination
I. Interpretive Listening, 30 selected response 26%
including embedded linguistic content
V I
II. Interpretive Reading, 30 selected response 26%
including embedded linguistic content
IV
III. Cultural Knowledge 15 selected response 12%
III II (Tested in Sections 1 and 2)
IV. Interpersonal and Presentational 3 constructed response 18%
Writing (written)
V. Presentational and Interpersonal 3 constructed response 18%
Speaking (spoken)
About This Test
This test is designed to measure the knowledge, skills, and abilities of examinees who have had preparation
in a program for teaching German in grades K–12. Because programs in teaching German are offered at both
the undergraduate and graduate levels, this test is appropriate for examinees at either level. All sections of this
test are at the Advanced-Low level, as described in the proficiency guidelines of the American Council on the
Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL).
The Praxis® Study Companion 5Step 1: Learn About Your Test
This test integrates listening, reading, writing, and understanding of fundamental concepts and will
speaking skills as well as linguistic and cultural probably help you answer a broad range of questions
knowledge through active participation in a variety of on the test.
questions in the interpretive modes (in the Listening
and Reading sections) and in the interpersonal and Content Topics
presentational modes (in the Writing and Speaking
sections). The Listening and Reading sections of the An overview of the areas covered on the test, along
test are composed of selected-response questions, with their subareas, follows.
whereas the Writing and Speaking sections are
I. Content Categories I, II, IV, and V –
composed of constructed-response tasks. Language, Linguistics, and Comparisons
(88%)
All questions and answer choices are in German and
are based on various genres of authentic material, A. Demonstrating language proficiency in
whether written or in audio format, from various the target language with native speakers
unaccustomed to interacting with
German-speaking regions of the world.
nonnative speakers, with sufficient
This is a computer-based test with sections of various accuracy, clarity, and precision to convey
lengths and time constraints. All sections of the test intended message (at the Advanced-Low
level, as described in the American
are separately timed. While the time allotted in the
Council on the Teaching of Foreign
Reading and Writing sections is managed by the
Languages [ACTFL] Proficiency
candidate, timing is computer controlled throughout Guidelines)
the Listening and Speaking sections. Before beginning
the Listening section, the candidate will participate The beginning German teacher:
in a practice exercise reflecting the type of questions 1. Knows how to communicate in the target
in the Listening section. Similarly, there is a writing language with native speakers unaccustomed
practice exercise before the Writing section to to interacting with nonnative speakers, with
acquaint candidates with a special character toolbar sufficient accuracy, clarity, and precision to
that they will be using to type their individual convey the intended message
responses in German. 2. Knows how to communicate in the
interpersonal mode (speaking) by
This test may contain some questions that do not
participating actively in informal and formal
count toward your score. conversations on topics covering home,
school, leisure activities, and current events
Discussion Questions 3. Knows how to communicate in the
interpersonal mode (writing) in written
Interspersed throughout the study topics are
exchanges on daily topics
discussion questions, presented as open-ended
questions or statements. These discussion areas are 4. Comprehends in the interpretive mode
intended to help test your knowledge of fundamental (listening) main ideas and supporting details
of audio segments such as news items, short
concepts and your ability to apply those concepts to
stories, social notices, and reports on familiar
situations in the classroom or the real world. Most of
topics that deal with factual information
the areas require you to combine several pieces of
knowledge to formulate an integrated understanding 5. Comprehends in the interpretive mode
and response. If you spend time on these areas, you (reading) main ideas and supporting details
of printed texts such as news items, short
will gain increased understanding and facility with the
stories, social notices, and reports on familiar
subject matter covered on the test. You may want to topics that deal with factual information
discuss these areas and your answers with a teacher or
mentor. 6. Knows how to negotiate meaning in order to
sustain an interaction
Note that this study companion does not provide 7. Knows how to move beyond literal
answers for the discussion area questions, but thinking comprehension in the interpretive mode
about the answers to them will help improve your (listening) by inferring the meaning of
The Praxis® Study Companion 6Step 1: Learn About Your Test
unfamiliar words and phrases in new 6. Knows how to identify and use the pragmatic
contexts, inferring and interpreting the and sociolinguistic conventions and register
author’s intent, and offering a personal (formal and informal forms of address)
interpretation of the message C. Comparison of target language with
8. Knows how to move beyond literal English
comprehension in the interpretive mode
The beginning German teacher
(reading) by inferring the meaning of
unfamiliar words and phrases in new 1. Knows how to identify similarities and
contexts, inferring and interpreting the differences between the target language and
author’s intent, and offering a personal English
interpretation of the message
2. Knows how to contrast syntactical patterns of
9. Understands the gist of normal simple sentences and questions with those of
conversational speech on a variety of topics English
10. Knows how to communicate in the
presentational mode (writing) by writing II. Content Category III – Cultures,
routine social correspondence as well as Literatures, and Cross-disciplinary
coherent narratives, descriptions, and Concepts (12%)
summaries about familiar topics of a factual
A. Demonstrating cultural understanding—
nature in paragraph length in present, past,
connections among the perspectives of
and future time
the target culture and its practices and
11. Knows how to communicate orally in the products
presentational mode (speaking) by delivering
oral presentations on familiar literary or The beginning German teacher
cultural topics and incorporating extra 1. Knows the three Ps:
linguistic support to facilitate oral
presentations that are extemporaneous or a. perspectives (such as attitudes, ideas,
prepared but not read and values)
b. practices (patterns of behavior and social
B. Understanding linguistics—linguistic interaction, such as greetings, turn
features of the target language taking, and rites of passage)
The beginning German teacher c. products (such as foods, architecture,
literature, art, and music)
1. Understands the rules of the sound system of
2. Recognizes the value and role of authentic
the target language (i.e., recognizing
literary and cultural texts—such as songs,
phonemes and allophones)
poems, rhymes and chants, children’s books,
2. Recognizes key cohesive devices narrative text, and novels—and usage of
(conjunctions and adverbs) used in those texts to interpret and reflect on the
connected discourse perspectives of the target cultures
3. Understands high-frequency idiomatic
expressions and can infer the meaning of Test Sections
words and sentences
The Listening Practice section, Section 1 (Listening)
4. Knows how to explain the rules that govern and Section 4 (Speaking) all require playback of pre-
the formation of words and sentences in the
recorded audio material. For Section 4, you must also
target language
provide spoken answers to questions when instructed
5. Knows how to exemplify the rules with to do so on the recording.
examples from the target language, such as
the verbal system, pronouns, agreement
(such as subject/verb, adjective/noun), word Listening Practice Section - Interpretive
order, and interrogatives, both in terms of Listening with Cultural Knowledge
regularities and irregularities This section allows you to listen to an audio selection
in German and to practice answering questions
The Praxis® Study Companion 7Step 1: Learn About Your Test
based on that selection in the time allotted. This Section 2 - Interpretive Reading with
Listening Practice section is timed separately from Cultural Knowledge
the Listening section that follows, and the time you
In this section, you will be presented with a variety
spend practicing will not be counted toward the time
of selections, such as newspaper articles, excerpts
allotted to answering the questions in the Listening
of literary passages, and other materials, in German.
section. The questions in this section will NOT be
Each selection is followed by six questions. The last
scored and will NOT affect your results in any way.
two questions may test your knowledge of culture
and linguistics. In addition, you will be presented with
Section 1 - Interpretive Listening with some visual stimuli (e.g., photographs or works of art),
Cultural Knowledge each accompanied by a single cultural knowledge
The selections in Section 1 are recorded. question.
In this section, you will hear a variety of selections, You may take notes as you read, but only on the
such as radio broadcasts, narratives, and dialogues, in scratch paper that will be provided. Your notes will not
German. Each selection is followed by six questions. be graded.
Each selection will be played twice. You will hear Each of the questions is followed by four suggested
the selection and then you will have 60 seconds to answers. Select the one that is best in each case.
preview the questions before the selection plays a
second time. For each question, choose the response Discussion questions: Interpretive Reading
that is best, relative to the selection. The last two • What is the genre of the text: is it a promotional
questions may test your knowledge of culture and material designed to motivate the reader to buy or
linguistics. You may take notes as you listen. Your do something? A piece of literature that sets up a
notes will not be graded. fictional world? An academic analysis? A news
report? How is the genre reflected in the implied
After listening to a selection the second time, you will audience and in the structure of the text?
see six questions presented one at a time. You will
have 20 seconds to answer each question. A clock at
the top of the screen will indicate how much time is Linguistic Knowledge
remaining to answer the question. The entire Listening
section lasts approximately 50 minutes. Questions that test your knowledge of the linguistic
structures of German are included along with the
When the response time has ended, you will content questions for each selection in the Listening
automatically be taken to the next question. You will and Reading sections. Keep in mind that linguistic
not be able to return to previous questions. knowledge questions are posed in German, as are all
other questions. You will not find the answer to these
Discussion questions: Interpretive Listening questions directly in the selections, but will need to
• What register is used in this spoken segment? Is rely on your knowledge of the German language to
the form of address formal or informal? Do the respond.
word choices imply an audience that is familiar
with popular culture, youth slang, academic The following list may be helpful in your preparation
background, or perhaps bureaucracy? for the linguistic knowledge component of the test,
but please keep in mind that this is to serve as a guide
• What regional variations can be detected in this
spoken segment? Do they correspond to a major and is not intended to be an exhaustive description of
dialectical form such as Bavarian, Saxon, Swiss, or German grammar and language use:
Low German?
• Understanding the rules of the German sound
• How are the details in the segment connected to system (i.e., recognizing phonemes and
the main idea? Does the speaker give an example allophones)
in order to support an argument? Is an authority
on the subject cited or allowed to provide a point • Recognizing key cohesive devices (conjunctions
of view? and adverbs) used in connected discourse
The Praxis® Study Companion 8Step 1: Learn About Your Test
• Understanding high-frequency idiomatic Section 3 - Cultural Knowledge
expressions and inferring meaning of words and
The culture questions are in German and are part of
sentences
Section 1 (Listening) and Section 2 (Reading).
• Understanding the rules that govern the formation
of words and sentences in the target language Questions in the Cultural Knowledge reporting
category require you to be able to recognize
In particular, you should be acquainted with the important products (such as architecture, literature,
following concepts and their application in German: art, foods, and music), practices (patterns of behavior
and social interaction such as greetings, turn taking,
• Strong and weak verbs in the various tenses and rites of passage), and perspectives (such as
• Verbs in infinitival clauses attitudes, ideas, and values) of German-speaking
• Modal auxiliaries cultures. Questions in this reporting category will be
contextualized by reference to a recording, a passage,
• Word order in main and subordinate clauses or an image. Memorization will not be required; rather,
• The use of the subjunctive or the indicative mood the questions will call for an understanding of cultural
• The use of verbs in the passive voice and alternatives inferences, trends, and general concepts related to
to the passive voice selections or images.
• Noun-adjective agreement Questions in the Cultural Knowledge reporting
category are of two types.
• The marking of gender, case, and number by means
of articles; also the declination of weak nouns Most will be one of a group of six questions based
on each Listening or Reading selection. They will use
• Negation some aspect of the selection as jumping-off points
• Placement and use of direct and indirect pronouns to test your knowledge of cultural implications of
• The correct use of prepositions, including two-way the selection. For the most part, you will not find the
prepositions answer to these questions directly in the selections,
but the question will be related to the selection it
• The correct use of articles for time expressions, date, follows.
season, etc.
There will also be standalone Cultural Knowledge
• Formation of comparatives and superlatives questions based on an image that has importance in
• The correct use of flavoring/emphasis words German-speaking cultures. This might be a picture of
an important monument or event, or a well-known
• Certain German grammar constructs that differ from
painting related to some aspect of German culture.
English, e.g.,
In general, these questions will touch on lifestyles
–– Ich interessiere mich für Musik. (“I am interested in
and societies, sociolinguistic elements of German,
music.”)
literature and the arts, history, and geography; like the
–– Ich habe mir den Arm gebrochen. (“I broke my arm.”) selections themselves, they will include materials on
many areas of the German-speaking world.
Discussion questions: Linguistic Knowledge The following is a suggested list of topics that may
appear in the Cultural Knowledge segment of the test
• What are the important connective structures that
This list is in no way comprehensive, but it provides
link clauses and sentences together? In particular, can
an idea of the type of topics related to the German-
I determine the antecedents to pronouns and relative
pronouns? speaking culture that may appear in the test.
• How could I explain the basic subject-verb-object Lifestyles and Societies
structure of a given sentence to a student? What
In these questions, your knowledge of the way of
would help students identify that structure?
life and customs in Germany and in other German-
speaking countries and regions will be tested.
The Praxis® Study Companion 9Step 1: Learn About Your Test
• Contemporary lifestyles • Significant figures, works, and trends in the
• Food performing arts (music, theater, dance, film).
Examples: Mozart, Beethoven, dramas by Goethe,
• Social behaviors and customs Kleist, or Brecht
• Navigating everyday infrastructure and
bureaucracy History
• Commonly celebrated religious and public In these questions, your knowledge of the historical
holidays facts and background of Germany and German-
• Family relationships speaking countries and regions will be tested. This
• Vacations includes:
• Education • Major periods of the history of Germany, Austria,
• Regional variations Switzerland, and Liechtenstein
• Contributions of German culture to North America
Sociolinguistic Elements of German
• Most important events and principal historic
These questions test your knowledge and figures of Germany and other German-speaking
understanding of appropriate language and countries
expressions. Based on the language in a selection, it
may require you to make inferences regarding social • Contemporary world politics and economics as
situations or the audience. they affect German-speaking countries
• Relations with other EU countries
• Customary usage of certain words or expressions
to indicate register, such as the use of Sie as • Immigration issues
opposed to du
• German economy, business, and industry
• Use of colloquial language
Geography
• Idiomatic expressions; common sayings
Sometimes a culture question may involve locating
Literature and the Arts Germany and other German-speaking regions and
countries or identifying major geographical features
For these questions, you should acquaint yourself such as major cities, rivers, or mountains in Europe.
with the most commonly known works, authors, and
trends of literature from Germany and other German- Once again, test takers are reminded that these are
speaking countries. simply areas, topics, events, and figures that represent
the major categories that are covered.
• Major trends, periods, and movements in German
literature. Examples: Sturm und Drang, Romantik, Discussion questions: Cultural Knowledge
Expressionismus, Trümmerliteratur, Die Moderne
• Does the text describe, locate, or evaluate a
• Significant figures, works, and trends in the plastic phenomenon by means of historical or cultural
arts (painting and sculpture). Examples: Klimt, comparisons or contrasts?
Dürer, Kirchner
• Architecture in German-speaking cultures.
Examples: Gothic and Baroque architecture,
Jugendstil, Bauhaus
The Praxis® Study Companion 10Step 1: Learn About Your Test
Section 4 - Interpersonal and Presentational • Accuracy of grammar and mechanics (including
Writing spelling and diacritical marks)
There are three tasks in this section. Be sure to • Cohesiveness (including use of varied sentence
complete each task. Please pace yourself as you work. structure and transitional expressions, where
appropriate)
The section allows you to practice typing in your • Appropriateness for a given task and/or reader
written constructed-response answers in German. You (register)
will see a field for entering your response. For German- • The extent to which each task is completed
specific characters (e.g., ä,ö,ü,ß,etc.) use the built-
in character toolbar (click here to view a demo of the
Interpersonal Writing: Response to an
toolbar). You should give as complete a response as
E-mail, Memo, or Letter
possible. Your written German should be acceptable
to a wide range of native speakers. You will be given an e-mail, memo, or letter to which
you will write an appropriate response in German.
Note: To run the built-in character toolbar tutorial from the First, read the e-mail, memo, or letter. Then, write your
preceding link, you need Java Runtime Environment version response in the space provided.
8u281 installed on your computer. If you do not have Java
Runtime Environment version 8u281, you can download Manage your time to allow for planning, writing, and
it for free or you can visit the Java website to install it. To revising your response. The length of your response
avoid issues with the download, be sure to uninstall all Java should be at least 60 words.
versions in your system and reboot your computer before
downloading version 8u281. When you click on the tutorial Presentational Writing: Opinion/Position
link below, a security prompt asks you to allow the program Essay
to run. This is normal. The toolbar tutorial runs the same
You will be asked to write an essay in German on a
version of Java that is on the actual test to ensure that the
specific topic. First, read the topic. Then, write your
tutorials accurately reflect the testing experience. When the
response in the space provided.
prompt appears, click Allow (or Keep).
Make sure that your essay includes reasons and/or
Additionally, if your security settings are set very high, a
examples to support your opinion.
second security prompt asks you to run the application.
Again, this is normal. When this prompt appears, click Run. Manage your time so that you have enough time to
plan, write, and revise your response. The length of
If you are unsure if your computer has Java Runtime
your response should be at least 120 words.
Environment version 8u281, navigate to Start/Control
Panel/Java. From the Java Control Panel popup window,
select the Java tab, then the View button. The Java Runtime Presentational Writing: Integrated Skills
Environments Setting window displays the currently You will read a passage in German. This passage will
installed versions of Java. appear in both the Writing and the Speaking sections.
You may use the scratch paper that will be provided After reading the passage, you will complete a writing
to take notes on each task. These notes will not be task based on the passage. Your response must be
used in evaluating your response. written in German. Write your response in the space
provided.
Your writing will be evaluated on the following:
• Overall comprehensibility to a native speaker of Manage your time to allow for planning, writing, and
German who is not accustomed to the writing of revising your response. The length of your response
nonnative learners should be at least 120 words.
• Accuracy and appropriateness of content
• Presentation of ideas in a related and logical
manner
• Appropriateness of vocabulary
The Praxis® Study Companion 11Step 1: Learn About Your Test
Section 5 - Presentational and Interpersonal Presentational Speaking: Integrated Skills
Speaking You will be asked to speak on a topic related to the
This section includes three tasks and is designed to passage you have already read.
measure different aspects of your ability to speak First, you will have 15 seconds to read these directions,
German. and then you will hear the topic and the requirements
These tasks are designed to elicit responses that for your response. You will have 3 minutes to review
demonstrate how well you speak German. There the passage and prepare your response. Then you will
are three different questions, and specific directions have 2 minutes to record your response in German.
will be given for each one. Although you need not A clock will indicate how much time is remaining to
speak for the entire time allotted, you should give as plan your answer and to record your response.
complete a response as possible.
A tone will indicate when you should begin speaking.
For each speaking task in the test, you will be given You should respond as fully and as appropriately as
time to prepare your response and time to record possible. When the response time has ended, you will
your response. A tone will indicate when to begin automatically be taken to the next task. You will not
speaking, and a clock on your screen will indicate how be able to return to the previous sections.
much time you have left. Begin speaking only when
the voice on the recording directs you to respond; you Presentational Speaking: Express an
will not be given credit for anything recorded during Opinion or Make an Oral Presentation
the preparation time. As you speak, your response will You will be asked to give an oral presentation on a
be recorded. Your score for these tasks will be based specific topic. First, you will have 15 seconds to read
only on what is on the recording. It is important that these directions, and then you will hear the topic for
you speak loudly enough and clearly enough into the your presentation.
microphone.
You will have 2 minutes to prepare your response.
Your speaking will be evaluated on the following: Then you will have 2 minutes to record your response
• Overall comprehensibility to a native speaker of in German.
German who is not accustomed to interacting
with nonnative speakers A tone will indicate when you should begin speaking.
• Accuracy and appropriateness of the content A clock at the top of the screen will indicate how
• Presentation of ideas in a related and logical much time is remaining to plan your answer and to
manner record your response. You should respond as fully and
as appropriately as possible.
• Appropriateness of vocabulary
• Accuracy of grammar and pronunciation When the response time has ended, you will
• Fluency of delivery and cohesiveness (including automatically be taken to the next task. You will not
use of varied sentence structure and transitional be able to return to the previous task.
expressions, where appropriate)
Interpersonal Speaking: Simulated
• Appropriateness for a given task and/or listener Conversation
• The extent to which each task is completed You will participate in a simulated conversation within
If you do not know specific vocabulary, try to express a context in German. First, you will have 30 seconds
yourself as well as you can, using circumlocution if to read the outline of the conversation. In each pair of
necessary. If you make a mistake and correct it soon lines, the first line gives you an idea of what you will
afterward, it will not be considered a mistake. You may hear, and the second, bolded line gives you an idea of
take notes, but only on the scratch paper that will be what you will be expected to say.
provided. These notes will not be used in evaluating
your responses. You will have five turns to participate in the
conversation.
The Praxis® Study Companion 12Step 1: Learn About Your Test
A tone will indicate when you should begin speaking.
Each time it is your turn, you will have 25 seconds to
respond. You should participate in the conversation
as fully and as appropriately as possible. A clock at
the top of the screen will indicate how much time is
remaining to answer the question.
When the response time has ended, you will
automatically be taken to the next question. You will
not be able to return to previous questions.
The Praxis® Study Companion 13Step 1: Learn About Your Test
Discussion Question
The following exercise and annotated sample are intended to give you practice using the kind of critical thinking that is
expected in this section of the test. Although the format of the annotation of the exercise is not like that of the multiple-
choice questions you will see in your test, the types and levels of understanding and evaluation needed to complete it are
comparable.
Read the passage and try to annotate key words, phrases, and sentences. Then read the annotated version on the following
page and compare your analysis.
In China wurde seit dem 8. Jahrhundert Porzellan
hergestellt. In Europa wurde das weiße chinesische
Porzellan durch Reisen Marco Polos bekannt. Doch
seine Herstellung blieb ein Geheimnis. Im 17.
Jahrhundert lebte in Deutschland ein junger Apotheker-
Lehrling namens Johann Friedrich Böttger (1682–
1719). Der Mode der Zeit entsprechend experimentierte
er mit Alchemie und hatte den Traum, Gold zu
erzeugen. Der preußische König versuchte, den
kostbaren jungen Apotheker einfangen und an den Hof
nach Brandenburg bringen zu lassen. Er sollte hier
Gold herstellen! Böttger aber floh nach Sachsen, in der
Hoffnung, an der Universität Wittenberg untertauchen
zu können. Doch auch dort hatte er wenig Glück. Der
sächsische Kurfürst, ebenfalls permanent in Geldnöten,
erfuhr, wer in seinem Land angekommen war. Er
ließ den jungen Apotheker verhaften. Böttger wurde
nach Dresden in Sachsen gebracht und musste dort 12
Jahre lang in Gefangenschaft chemische Experimente
durchführen. Endlich, im Jahre 1708, gelang ihm ein
Durchbruch. Freilich, dies war immer noch nicht das
heiß ersehnte Geheimnis, wie man Gold künstlich
machen konnte, doch waren Böttger und seine Helfer auf
etwas anderes gestoßen: Sie hatten das Geheimnis zur
Porzellanherstellung entdeckt. Mochte August der Starke,
der sächsische Kurfürst und König, zunächst
enttäuscht gewesen sein, so fand er sich rasch mit der
neuen Lage ab, und es erwies sich, dass die
Porzellanherstellung beinahe genauso viel wert war wie
echtes Gold. 1710 wurde in Meissen in Sachsen die
erste europäische Porzellanfabrik gegründet. Die Firma
lieferte ihre kostbaren Waren an deutsche und
europäische Fürstenhäuser, sodass die Einnahmen bald
die leeren Kassen Sachsens füllten. Porzellan
aus Meissen ist heute ein Begriff in der ganzen Welt. Der
Erfinder des Porzellans, Johann Friedrich Böttger, indes
musste sich weiter gedulden. Erst im Jahre 1714 erhielt
er seine Freiheit wieder.
The Praxis® Study Companion 14Step 1: Learn About Your Test
Now, compare your annotations with the ones below.
The paragraph opens
with a mention of the main
topic Porzellanherstellung.
In China wurde seit dem 8. Jahrhundert Porzellan The use of the past tense
This sentence implies hergestellt. In Europa wurde das weiße chinesische sets the stage and tells us
that making porcelain Porzellan durch Reisen Marco Polos bekannt. Doch seine that the story took place
was not easy, and Herstellung blieb ein Geheimnis. Im 17. Jahrhundert lebte many years ago.
nobody in Germany in Deutschland ein junger Apotheker-Lehrling namens
knew how to produce Johann Friedrich Böttger (1682–1719). Der Mode der
it. Geheimnis is the key Zeit entsprechend experimentierte er mit Alchemie und
word. hatte den Traum, Gold zu erzeugen. Der preußische König The introduction of the
versuchte, den kostbaren jungen Apotheker einfangen und Apotheker-Lehrling J. F.
The reader must be an den Hof nach Brandenburg bringen zu lassen. Er sollte Böttger and his dream “to
certain who Er is. hier Gold herstellen! Böttger aber floh nach Sachsen, in produce gold” transports the
The personal der Hoffnung, an der Universität Wittenberg untertauchen reader into part of Germany’s
pronoun refers back zu können. Doch auch dort hatte er wenig Glück. Der history of the seventeenth
to the sächsische sächsische Kurfürst, ebenfalls permanent in Geldnöten, and eighteenth centuries;
Kurfürst. This correct erfuhr, wer in seinem Land angekommen war. Er ließ e.g., the financial problems
identification den jungen Apotheker verhaften. Böttger wurde nach of Brandenburg and Saxony.
foreshadows the rest Dresden in Sachsen gebracht und musste dort 12 Jahre Geldnöte is the key word.
of the story. lang in Gefangenschaft chemische Experimente
durchführen. Endlich, im Jahre 1708, gelang ihm ein
Durchbruch. Freilich, dies war immer noch nicht das Durchbruch is crucial.
heiß ersehnte Geheimnis, wie man Gold künstlich It tells the reader
machen konnte, doch waren Böttger und seine Helfer auf that Friedrich Böttger
The author speculates etwas anderes gestoßen: Sie hatten das Geheimnis zur
that August der found something very
Porzellanherstellung entdeckt. Mochte August der Starke, important and
Starke was not sure der sächsische Kurfürst und König, zunächst enttäuscht
in the beginning how precious.
gewesen sein, so fand er sich rasch mit der neuen Lage ab,
porcelain could get und es erwies sich, dass die Porzellanherstellung beinahe
his country out of its genauso viel wert war wie echtes Gold. 1710 wurde in Switching back into
financial dilemma. Meissen in Sachsen die erste europäische Porzellanfabrik the indicative past tense,
gegründet. Die Firma lieferte ihre kostbaren Waren an the author tells us that
deutsche und europäische Fürstenhäuser, sodass die the king now realizes
Einnahmen bald die leeren Kassen Sachsens füllten. what Friedrich Böttger
Porzellan aus Meissen ist heute ein Begriff in der ganzen had developed. Key
Welt. Der Erfinder des Porzellans, Johann Friedrich Böttger, phrases: es erwies
indes musste sich weiter gedulden. Erst im Jahre 1714 sich and genauso viel
erhielt er seine Freiheit wieder. wert war wie echtes
Gold.
The Praxis® Study Companion 15Step 2: Familiarize Yourself with Test Questions
2. Understanding Question Types
Become comfortable with the types of questions you’ll find on the Praxis tests
The Praxis® assessments include a variety of question types: constructed response (for which you write a
response of your own); selected response, for which you select one or more answers from a list of choices or
make another kind of selection (e.g., by selecting a sentence in a text or by selecting part of a graphic); and
numeric entry, for which you enter a numeric value in an answer field. You may be familiar with these question
formats from taking other standardized tests. If not, familiarize yourself with them so you don’t spend time
during the test figuring out how to answer them.
Understanding Selected-Response and Numeric-Entry Questions
For most questions, you respond by selecting an oval to select a single answer from a list of answer choices.
However, interactive question types may also ask you to respond by:
• Selecting more than one choice from a list of choices.
• Typing in a numeric-entry box. When the answer is a number, you may be asked to enter a numerical
answer. Some questions may have more than one entry box to enter a response.
• Selecting parts of a graphic. In some questions, you will select your answers by selecting a location (or
locations) on a graphic such as a map or chart, as opposed to choosing your answer from a list.
• Selecting sentences. In questions with reading passages, you may be asked to choose your answers by
selecting a sentence (or sentences) within the reading passage.
• Dragging and dropping answer choices into targets on the screen. You may be asked to select answers
from a list of choices and to drag your answers to the appropriate location in a table, paragraph of text or
graphic.
• Selecting answer choices from a drop-down menu. You may be asked to choose answers by selecting
choices from a drop-down menu (e.g., to complete a sentence).
Remember that with every question you will get clear instructions.
Understanding Constructed-Response Questions
Constructed-response questions require you to demonstrate your knowledge in a subject area by writing your
own response to topics. Essays and short-answer questions are types of constructed-response questions.
For example, an essay question might present you with a topic and ask you to discuss the extent to which you
agree or disagree with the opinion stated. You must support your position with specific reasons and examples
from your own experience, observations, or reading.
Review a few sample essay topics:
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
“We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the
basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors may be equal, deprive the
children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does.”
The Praxis® Study Companion 16Step 2: Familiarize Yourself with Test Questions
A. What legal doctrine or principle, established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), did the Supreme Court reverse
when it issued the 1954 ruling quoted above?
B. What was the rationale given by the justices for their 1954 ruling?
• In his self-analysis, Mr. Payton says that the better-performing students say small-group work is boring and that
they learn more working alone or only with students like themselves. Assume that Mr. Payton wants to continue
using cooperative learning groups because he believes they have value for all students.
οο Describe TWO strategies he could use to address the concerns of the students who have
complained.
οο Explain how each strategy suggested could provide an opportunity to improve the functioning of
cooperative learning groups. Base your response on principles of effective instructional strategies.
• “Minimum-wage jobs are a ticket to nowhere. They are boring and repetitive and teach employees little or
nothing of value. Minimum-wage employers take advantage of people because they need a job.”
οο Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this opinion. Support your views with specific
reasons and examples from your own experience, observations, or reading
Keep these things in mind when you respond to a constructed-response question:
1. Answer the question accurately. Analyze what each part of the question is asking you to do. If the
question asks you to describe or discuss, you should provide more than just a list.
2. Answer the question completely. If a question asks you to do three distinct things in your response, you
should cover all three things for the best score. Otherwise, no matter how well you write, you will not be
awarded full credit.
3. Answer the question that is asked. Do not change the question or challenge the basis of the question.
You will receive no credit or a low score if you answer another question or if you state, for example, that
there is no possible answer.
4. Give a thorough and detailed response. You must demonstrate that you have a thorough
understanding of the subject matter. However, your response should be straightforward and not filled
with unnecessary information.
5. Take notes on scratch paper so that you don’t miss any details. Then you’ll be sure to have all the
information you need to answer the question.
6. Reread your response. Check that you have written what you thought you wrote. Be sure not to leave
sentences unfinished or omit clarifying information.
The Praxis® Study Companion 17Step 3: Practice with Sample Test Questions
3. Practice with Sample Test Questions
Answer practice questions and find explanations for correct answers
Sample Test Questions TRANSCRIPT
(N) Sie hören jetzt ein Interview mit dem
All selections in Section 1 are based on authentic Konsumforscher Prof. Dr. Alexander Hennig.
recordings of native speakers. Therefore, the
transcriptions reflect real spoken language and Moderatorin: [music] Der Samstagvormittag ist ja
may contain hesitations, repetitions, and minor für viele Großkampftag in Sachen
errors. Einkaufen, und ich denke mal Ihnen ist
das bestimmt auch schon oft passiert.
Section 1: Listening with Cultural Knowledge Sie wollten eigentlich nur ganz schnell
mal’n paar Lebensmittel kaufen und
Directions: This section is designed to measure kommen dann doch mit ’nem vollen
how well you understand spoken German and the Einkaufskorb wieder aus dem
cultures of German-speaking countries. Supermarkt raus. Oder Sie gehen ins
Kaufhaus, weil Sie unbedingt ’ne neue
You will listen to several selections in German.
Jeans brauchen und am Ende haben
Each selection will be played twice. You will hear
Sie dann drei Hosen, vier Pullis und
the selection and then you will have 60 seconds
vielleicht auch noch ’ne neue Tasche in
to preview the questions before the selection
der Tüte. Sie können überhaupt gar
plays a second time. For each question, choose
nichts dafür. Das hat alles Ihr
the response that is best, relative to the selection.
Unterbewusstsein getan, das in die
The last two questions may test your knowledge
tückischen Einkaufsfallen getappt ist.
of culture and linguistics. You may take notes as
you listen. Your notes will not be graded.
Prof. Alexander Hennig ist
After listening to a selection the second time, you Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und
will see six questions presented one at a time. You Konsumforscher und der beschäftigt
will have 20 seconds to answer each question. sich seit Jahren mit diesem Thema. Herr
A clock at the top of the screen will indicate how Hennig, wie werden wir denn dazu
much time is remaining to answer the question. verführt mehr zu kaufen oder eben die
The entire Listening section lasts approximately teuren Sachen. Auf welche Tricks fallen
50 minutes. wir da immer wieder rein?.
Dr. Hennig: Also, eine wichtige Aufgabe für die.
When the response time has ended, you will
Handelsunternehmen ist es z.B. uns
automatically be taken to the next question. You
abzubremsen. Wenn wir langsamer
will not be able to return to previous questions.
sind, dann können wir mehr Artikel
You may now begin. aufnehmen und dann haben wir viel
mehr Spaß am Einkaufen. Deswegen
gibt es in den Supermärkten und auch
Fragen 1 - 6 beziehen sich auf den folgenden
in den Bekleidungsgeschäften
Hörtext.
sogenannte Bremszonen, z.B. der Obst-
und Gemüsebereich am Anfang. Da
werden wir mit vielen Sinnen
angesprochen. Da riecht es vielleicht, da
sehen wir die Farben oder vielleicht auch
wenn mal etwas im Weg steht, wenn
die Situation verengt wird. Das kann
im Bekleidungsgeschäft ganz genauso
The Praxis® Study Companion 18Step 3: Practice with Sample Test Questions
sein, da werden wir ganz bewusst Moderatorin, dass der Samstagvormittag in Deutschland
abgebremst, um Informationen „für viele Großkampftag in Sachen Einkaufen“ ist?
aufnehmen zu können. Mit Farben kann
Wie wird das Partizip „passende“ in der Äußerung „und
sehr schön gespielt werden. Wir
die passende Bolognesesauce direkt neben den Nudeln“
assoziieren von Farben auf bestimmte
verwendet?
Eigenschaften, wenn wir das Produkt
sehen und das ist schön farbig, dann (N) Now listen again.
schließen wir daraus, dass z.B. die
die Orange besonders saftig ist.
Moderatorin: Mhm.
Dr. Hennig: Und es wird mit der Bequemlichkeit
der Kunden gespielt. Wir sind etwas
faul, und deshalb wir wollen wir uns
z.B. nicht so gerne bücken, d.h.
Produkte, mit attraktivem Preis-
Leistungsverhältnis stehen häufig unten.
Moderatorin: Ach was!
Dr. Hennig: Oder wenn wir Nudeln einkaufen, und
die passende Bolognesesauce direkt
neben den Nudeln steht, dann spielt
der Handelsunternehmer mit unserer
Bequemlichkeit, wir greifen zu der
Bolognese, obwohl es ein paar Meter
entfernt im Saucenregal deutlich
günstigere Alternativen gibt.
Moderatorin: Und wir fallen immer wieder darauf rein.
Dr. Hennig: Auch die Musik soll uns ablenken
und verlangsamen. Die meiste
Kaufhausmusik und Supermarktmusik
wird mit 72 Tönen pro Minute
ausgestattet; das entspricht ungefähr
dem Ruhepuls des Menschen, und
das macht uns unterbewusst langsamer.
[2 second pause]
(N) Now you will have 60 seconds to preview the
questions you will need to answer.
Warum kaufen viele Kunden mehr ein, als sie vorhatten?
Warum gibt es in Geschäften sogenannte „Bremszonen“?
Wie wird die Faulheit der Kunden laut des Interviews
ausgenützt?
Welche Art von Musik führt laut des Beitrags wohl zum
höchsten Umsatz?
Auf Ihre Kulturkenntnisse bezogen, warum sagt die
The Praxis® Study Companion 19Step 3: Practice with Sample Test Questions
1. Warum kaufen viele Kunden mehr ein, als sie 5. Auf Ihre Kulturkenntnisse bezogen, warum
vorhatten? sagt die Moderatorin, dass der
Samstagvormittag in Deutschland „für viele
(A) Wegen der Tricks der Geschäfte
Großkampftag in Sachen Einkaufen“ ist?
(B) Wegen des langen Wochenendes
(A) Dann gibt es viel weniger Verkehr auf der
(C) Wegen der großen Einkaufswagen Straße.
(D) Wegen des preiswerten Angebotes (B) Die Kinder müssen am Samstag zur
Schule gehen.
2. Warum gibt es in Geschäften sogenannte (C) Die Öffnungszeiten sind traditionell
„Bremszonen“? eingeschränkt.
(A) Damit die Kunden im Geschäft keine (D) Dann kann man günstigere Parkplätze
Unfälle haben finden.
(B) Damit die Kunden im Geschäft genug
Platz haben 6. Wie wird das Partizip „passende“ in der
(C) Damit die Kunden sich im Geschäft die Äußerung „und die passende Bolognesesauce
Artikel genauer ansehen direkt neben den Nudeln“ verwendet?
(D) Damit die Kunden sich im Geschäft (A) Als Nomen
besser entspannen können (B) Als Adjektiv
(C) Als Infinitiv
3. Wie wird die Faulheit der Kunden laut des
(D) Als Adverb
Interviews ausgenützt?
(A) Die Großpackungen stehen gleich beim
Eingang.
(B) Günstige Artikel werden an ihrer Farbe
erkannt.
(C) Die Nudeln werden gleich in der Sauce
verkauft.
(D) Teure Produkte stehen immer in
bequemer Höhe.
4. Welche Art von Musik führt laut des Beitrags
wohl zum höchsten Umsatz?
(A) Musik mit pulsierendem Rhythmus
(B) Musik mit mäßigem Tempo
(C) Populäre Schlagermusik
(D) Instrumentale Volksmusik
The Praxis® Study Companion 20Step 3: Practice with Sample Test Questions
Section 2: Reading with Cultural Knowledge Fragen 7 - 12 beziehen sich auf den folgenden
Artikel über Sauerkraut.
Directions: This section is designed to measure
how well you understand written German and the Sauerkraut gilt seit langem als das Nationalgericht
cultures of German-speaking countries. der deutschen Küche schlechthin. So reimte der
deutsche Dichter Ludwig Uhland im 19.
You will read several selections in German. To see Jahrhundert: „Auch unser edles Sauerkraut, wir
each selection in its entirety you will need to scroll sollen’s nicht vergessen; ein Deutscher hat’s
up and down. Each selection is accompanied by zuerst gebaut, drum ist’s ein deutsches Essen.“
six questions. The last two questions may test Von Grund auf „deutsch“ ist das Sauerkraut dabei
your knowledge of culture and linguistics. In eigentlich nicht. Auch in anderen Teilen Ost- und
addition, you will be presented with 3 visual Westeuropas isst man das eingelegte Kraut
stimuli (e.g., photographs or works of art), each traditionell mit Begeisterung. Und vermutlich kam
accompanied by a single cultural knowledge das Sauerkraut im Mittelalter ursprünglich von
question. For each question, choose the response China her nach Europa.
that is best, relative to the reading selection or Anfangs lag die Sauerkrautherstellung in
visual stimulus. Deutschland in den Händen der Mönche, denen
Sauerkraut vorrangig als Fastenspeise diente.
The entire Reading section lasts 50 minutes. A
Später fand die Verarbeitung von Sauerkraut auch
clock at the top of the screen will indicate how
in privaten Haushalten Einzug, wo es eine
much time is remaining.
wichtige Rolle als Wintergemüse spielte. Dazu
Some selections include words underlined in blue. wird frischer Weißkohl klein geschnitten und mit
Click on the words to see a definition or an Salz fest in einen Steintopf eingestampft. Dann
explanation. wird der Steintopf mit einem Brett und einem
Stein beschwert und kühl gelagert. Es ist wichtig,
You can move to the next question by clicking dass keine Luft zwischen den frischen Kohl
Next. You can skip questions and go back to gelangt, denn sonst würde statt der gewünschten
them later as long as there is time remaining. If Gärung ein Fäulnisprozess eintreten. Nach vier-
you want to return to previous questions, click bis sechswöchiger Gärung ist das Sauerkraut
Back. dann fertig.
For later review you can mark a question by Seine Beliebtheit hat das Sauerkraut seinen
clicking Mark, which will place a check mark next vielfältigen Vorteilen zu verdanken. Es ist reich an
to the question on the Review screen. Clicking Milchsäure sowie verschiedenen Vitaminen und
Mark again will remove the check mark. A Mineralstoffen und unterstützt positiv die
question will remain marked until you unmark it, Immunabwehr und Verdauung. Dank seiner
even if you change the answer. ausgezeichneten Haltbarkeit stellte es früher in
kälteren Regionen im Winter eine wertvolle Quelle
You can click Review at any time, and the Review von Vitamin C dar. Auch in der Schifffahrt war das
screen will show you which questions you have Sauerkraut seit dem 18. Jahrhundert ein wichtiger
answered and which you have not answered. The Bestandteil der Ration, seit man erkannt hatte,
Mark column shows all questions you have dass man durch Sauerkrautkonsum der
marked for review. From the Review screen, you gefürchteten Vitamin-Mangelerkrankung der
may go directly to any question. Seeleute, dem Skorbut, vorbeugen konnte.
Auch wenn heutzutage der Sauerkrautverbrauch
You may now begin.
in Deutschland insgesamt abgenommen hat,
findet das Sauerkraut andererseits viele neue
Anhänger, die auf die verschönernde Wirkung des
eingemachten Krautes schwören. So soll der
Konsum von rohem Sauerkraut oder
Sauerkrautsaft jugendliches Aussehen und
strahlende Haut versprechen. Hoffen wir
jedenfalls, dass das gute alte Sauerkraut auch
weiterhin auf deutschen Tellern zu finden sein
wird.
The Praxis® Study Companion 21You can also read
