GSAM Insurance Survey - Too Much Capital, Too Little Return - GSAM INSURANCE ASSET MANAGEMENT

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GSAM Insurance Survey - Too Much Capital, Too Little Return - GSAM INSURANCE ASSET MANAGEMENT
Too Much Capital, Too Little Return

                                                                         GSAM
                                                                         Insurance
                                                                         Survey

GSAM INSURANCE ASSET MANAGEMENT
Michael H. Siegel, PhD           Farzana Morbi
Managing Director, Global Head   Vice President, Investment Strategist       APRIL 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS

   I.    Executive Summary                                                         3

   II.   GSAM Insurance Survey Background                                          4

   III. Introduction to Survey and Key Findings                                    6

   IV. Investment Environment                                                      8

   V.    Asset Returns and Allocation Decisions                                   13

   VI. Capitalization and Regulatory Capital                                      20

   VII. Outsourcing                                                               22

   VIII. Conclusion                                                               23

The authors would like to thank Nina Onsager for her significant contributions.
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

I. Executive Summary
Finding attractive investment opportunities has become a familiar challenge in a world of low to
negative yields, tight spreads, and high equity prices. This year insurers demonstrated the
greatest pessimism since we first began conducting the survey four years ago. Insurers believe
the industry is adequately or over-capitalized (“too much capital”), but that investment
opportunities are deteriorating (“too little return”). Our 2015 GSAM Insurance Asset
Management Survey received participation from 267 Chief Investment Officers (CIOs) and Chief
Financial Officers (CFOs), representing over $6 trillion in global balance sheet assets.

Despite the bearish sentiment on the investment environment, approximately one-third of
insurers globally are looking to increase overall portfolio risk. EMEA and Pan Asian insurers
demonstrated strong risk appetite this year. EMEA insurers have increased their risk appetite
over the years and this year they intend to take more liquidity risk, while Pan Asian insurers are
looking to increase credit and equity risk. The majority of Americas-based insurers intend to
maintain their overall risk level.

Insurers are concerned about the pace of US economic growth and consider it to be the
greatest macroeconomic risk. CIOs and CFOs believe the US dollar will continue to strengthen
due to a relatively stronger economy and relatively higher interest rates. Higher rates are critical
for insurers to improve returns, but after yields moved lower in 2014, contrary to expectations,
and central banks expanded “QE” programs, insurers are not anticipating a meaningful increase
in rates this year. One-third of insurers now believe we have moved into the late stages of the
credit cycle with deteriorating credit quality conditions.

Despite years of unprecedented global monetary easing, insurers have become more
concerned about deflation due to slow global growth and lower commodity prices. Insurers are
not expecting a meaningful increase in oil prices this year, and they anticipate commodities will
be amongst the lowest returning asset classes. The last time insurers indicated this level of
concern around deflation was in 2012 when they were anxious about the European debt crisis.
Similar to previous years, insurers have pushed out concerns about rising inflation to the
medium term.

Equity assets are anticipated to outperform credit assets this year, but insurers have more
modest expectations for US public equities relative to last year’s returns. Insurers are looking to
less liquid, private asset classes to bolster returns, and intend to increase allocations to
commercial mortgage loans, infrastructure debt, private equity, middle market loans and real
estate equity. Negative sovereign yields are leading EMEA and Pan Asian companies to diversify
into US investment grade corporates, an asset class insurers have not demonstrated strong
incremental demand for since 2012.

                                                           Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 3
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                             II. GSAM Insurance Survey Background
                             MARKET ENVIRONMENT
                             Global financial markets were relatively benign last year with low volatility as equities and bonds
                             delivered strong returns. This year started with higher volatility as headlines were dominated by
                             falling oil prices and unanticipated aggressive central bank actions. Asset correlations increased
                             as risk assets sold off broadly. The global oil market is currently facing an oversupply as the US
                             is producing higher levels of oil, and OPEC, concerned about losing market share, has not cut
                             production. Demand growth has slowed due to weak economic growth in Europe, Japan and
                             China. The overall economic impact of lower oil prices is positive for the largest global
                             economies given the US, China, Japan and Eurozone are net oil importers.

                             Developed market central banks are pursuing divergent monetary policies as developed
                             economies demonstrate differing growth trajectories. The US economy is on an upswing with a
                             strong labor market supporting a housing recovery. Many investors anticipate the Fed will
                             tighten in the second half of 2015, though weaker commodity prices have contributed to low
                             inflation. The US dollar continues to strengthen, and rising wealth and falling oil prices are
                             supportive of higher consumer spending which accounts for approximately 70% of US GDP.1

                             Euro area GDP growth has picked up, particularly in Germany and Spain, and business
                             confidence is improving. The ECB is committed to quantitative easing with its €60 billion
                             monthly purchases from March 2015 to September 2016. The program is focused on supporting
                             growth in the region but an easy monetary policy will likely further weaken the euro. Greece
                             reached an agreement with European leaders to extend the bailout, leading to a temporary
                             reprieve to the question of a Greek exit. In January, the Swiss National Bank surprised the
                             market with the removal of the exchange rate floor leading to a substantial appreciation of the
                             Swiss Franc.

                             Japan’s economy is benefiting from lower oil prices and is experiencing a recovery in consumer
                             confidence. The impact of Abenomics remains to be seen, but Japanese corporate profitability
                             has improved. A weaker yen has benefited Japan’s export-oriented economy.

                             Emerging market economies are still growing faster than developed market economies, albeit
                             below recent trends. India made a surprise interest rate cut which has supported equities, and
                             investors generally view Modi’s leadership favorably. S&P downgraded Russia’s foreign currency
                             rating to below investment grade due to economic deterioration following sanctions that were
                             implemented as a result of the conflict with Ukraine. In China, lower oil prices, a housing market
                             correction and sluggish demand growth have led the central bank to cut rates.

                             1
                                 World Bank data as of 2013.

4 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

INSURANCE OPERATING AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
US Life insurers began the year well-capitalized with strong balance sheets resulting from
favorable equity and credit markets throughout 2014. Pan Asian insurers are experiencing strong
premium growth. European Life insurers are facing a more difficult environment with low to
negative interest rates in addition to preparing for implementation of Solvency II.

US P&C insurers have utilized share repurchases and dividends to redeploy growing capital
levels. Although the P&C industry is faced with increasing competition and slower premium
growth, the sector is expected to maintain underwriting profits. The pricing environment
continues to soften in the reinsurance market due to an influx of alternative capital. As a result,
M&A activity has picked up and is expected to gain momentum throughout the year.

Insurers globally are facing increased regulatory requirements as international and national
frameworks continue to evolve. In Europe, Solvency II will go into effect on January 1, 2016.
Given a 16 year transition period to fully implement certain components of the directive, the
impact on European insurers is not expected to be severe. The European Insurance and
Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) stress test results indicate insurers are generally
sufficiently capitalized under the Solvency II regime. Asian insurers are broadly moving towards
regulatory standards similar to Solvency II or aligned with global Insurance Core Principles
(ICPs). In the US, as part of the Solvency Modernization Initiative (SMI), insurers are required to
file their Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) reports beginning in 2015 to internally
assess their ability to withstand financial stress. ORSA is an additional tool to the Risk Based
Capital framework, and may create the need for insurers to alter product offerings and risk
management policies based on their results.

                                                            Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 5
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                             III. Introduction to Survey and Key Findings
                             SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESPONDENTS
                             GSAM Insurance Asset Management continued its partnership with KRC Research, an
                             independent research provider. The survey provides valuable insights from insurance CIOs and
                             CFOs regarding the macroeconomic environment, return expectations, asset allocation decisions,
                             portfolio construction and industry capitalization. We received responses from 208 CIOs, 48 CFOs
                             and 11 individuals who serve as both the CIO and the CFO. This year our survey included
                             insurance companies that invest over $6 trillion in global balance sheet assets. The participating
                             companies represent a broad cross section of the global insurance industry in terms of size, line
                             of business and geography. The table below summarizes the profile of respondents.

                             Respondent Profile
                              Type                     CIO                 CFO                 Both                Total
                              Life                      74                  15                   5                  94
                              P&C / Non-Life            66                  24                   4                  94
                              Multi-Line                40                   4                   1                  45
                              Health                    16                   2                   0                  18
                              Reinsurance               12                   3                   1                  16
                              Total                   208                   48                  11                 267

                             Region                    CIO                 CFO                 Both                Total
                             Americas                 127                   25                   3                 155
                             EMEA                       43                  18                   7                  68
                             Pan Asia                   38                   5                   1                  44
                             Total                    208                   48                  11                 267

                             KEY FINDINGS
                             Investment Opportunities
                             This year insurers demonstrated the most pessimism regarding investment opportunities as the
                             vast majority believes investment opportunities are getting worse. This is a significant increase
                             in negative sentiment from previous years.

                             Macro Risks
                             Insurers are most concerned about US economic growth, credit and equity market volatility and
                             deflation. Insurers believe China, Russia and the US have the greatest potential to unexpectedly
                             roil global financial markets.

                             Market Outlook
                             Market expectations are tempered. After rates moved lower in 2014 contrary to expectations,
                             most insurers do not anticipate a meaningful rise in rates in 2015. The majority of survey
                             respondents believe the 10-Year US Treasury yield will be between 2.0-2.5% at year-end, while
                             almost one-third believe it will be between 2.5-3.0%.

                             Most insurers hold the view that the US dollar will appreciate relative to other major currencies
                             with the exception of the Swiss Franc.

                             There is strong consensus on the trajectory of public equities and oil prices among insurers.
                             Most believe equities will return between 0-10%, and oil prices will be range-bound between
                             $50-$75 per barrel.

                             The majority of insurers believe we are in the middle stage of the credit cycle with stable credit
                             quality and do not anticipate major movements in the credit markets. One-third of insurers think
                             we have now entered the late stage of the credit cycle with deteriorating credit quality.

6 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

Deflation/Inflation
Deflation concerns have reemerged but expectations are fairly barbelled. More than one-third of
insurers believe deflation will be a concern in their domestic market over the next year, while
more than 40% believe deflation will not be a risk within the next five years.

Near term concern around inflation remains muted as most believe inflation will be a risk in the
next 2-5 years.

Investment Risk
Approximately one-third of insurers globally are looking to increase overall portfolio risk, while
the majority intends to maintain current risk levels. EMEA and Pan Asian insurers demonstrated
strong risk appetite this year. EMEA insurers intend to take more liquidity risk, while Pan Asian
insurers intend to increase credit and equity risk.

Low yields continue to pose the greatest portfolio risk for the majority of insurers.

Asset Class Return Expectations
Equity asset classes are broadly expected to outperform credit asset classes. Private equity, US
equities and European equities are anticipated to be the highest returning asset classes.

Insurers have the lowest return expectations for cash/short-term instruments, government and
agency debt and commodities.

Asset Allocation Decisions
Insurers globally intend to increase allocations to less liquid assets. The top four asset classes
are all private: commercial mortgage loans, infrastructure debt, middle market corporate loans
and private equity.

Consistent with their return expectations, insurers intend to decrease allocations to cash/
short-term instruments and government and agency debt.

Impact of Regulatory Capital on Asset Allocation
Most insurers believe their industry is either adequately or over-capitalized.

A significant percentage of EMEA and Pan Asian insurers stated they are more likely to allocate to
long duration bonds due to regulatory capital treatment. This is likely a result of insurers focusing
on duration matching under Solvency II and its equivalents as duration mismatches are penalized.

Outsourcing
Insurers are looking to outsource investments in hedge funds, emerging market equities, US
investment grade corporates, private equity and middle market loans.

SURPRISING FINDINGS
• This year insurers demonstrated the most pessimism regarding investment opportunities as most
  believe investment opportunities are getting worse.
• Insurers are not anticipating a significant move in interest rates. The vast majority believes the 10-Year
  US Treasury yield will not exceed 3.0% by year-end.
• Insurers believe oil prices will remain range-bound at $50-$75 per barrel.
• One-third of insurers believe we have now entered the late stage of the credit cycle with deteriorating
  credit quality.
• Although credit spreads continue to tighten and equity markets continue to move higher, approximately
  one-third of insurers globally are looking to increase overall portfolio risk.
• EMEA and Pan Asian insurers demonstrated strong risk appetite this year. EMEA insurers intend to
  take more liquidity risk, while Pan Asian insurers intend to increase credit and equity risk. Both EMEA
  and Pan Asian insurers expressed demand for European equities.
• As EMEA and Pan Asian companies face low to negative sovereign yields, they plan to diversify into US
  investment grade corporates, an asset class insurers have not demonstrated strong incremental
  demand for since 2012.

                                                                  Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 7
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                             IV. Investment Environment
                             The ultra-low yield environment continues to be a challenge, and insurers demonstrated more
                             pessimism than in previous years regarding investment opportunities. Insurers are worried
                             about the potential impact of slower growth in the US, market volatility and deflation. They are
                             also concerned about the unanticipated impact China and Russia can have on global financial
                             markets. Deflation has returned as a concern due to the impact of lower oil prices and slower
                             global growth. Despite years of global monetary easing, most insurers have pushed out their
                             inflation concerns to the medium term, a theme we have seen over the last few years.

                             Insurers are optimistic about the strength of the US dollar relative to other currencies with the
                             exception of the Swiss Franc, but have softened their expectations for the 10-Year US Treasury
                             yield relative to last year. The vast majority of insurers do not expect the 10-Year yield to move
                             higher than 3.0% this year. Most insurers are not anticipating a significant move in credit
                             spreads, which highlights the difficulty of finding attractive investment opportunities. While most
                             insurers believe we are in the middle of the credit cycle, approximately one-third believe we
                             have entered the late stage of the credit cycle with deteriorating credit quality conditions.

                             Insurers are more optimistic about public equities and anticipate moderate returns. With the
                             current oversupply in oil markets, most insurers expect oil prices to remain range-bound at
                             $50-$75 per barrel. Oil price volatility may create attractive investment opportunities, and
                             insurers view private equity/distressed strategies and high yield debt as the best strategies to
                             exploit the market dislocation.

                             Regulatory changes including Basel III and Dodd Frank have impacted market liquidity
                             conditions. Approximately one-third of insurers are concerned about the impact that
                             deteriorating liquidity conditions will have on their investment portfolios, a concern that is
                             particularly concentrated in Asia.

                             INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
                               This year insurers demonstrated the greatest amount of pessimism regarding
                               investment opportunities since we first began conducting the survey
                             • The majority of insurers believes investment                     • EMEA-based insurers are particularly bearish as
                               opportunities are getting worse (63%), while                       74% believe investment opportunities are
                               only 9% believe opportunities are improving.                       getting worse. This is understandable given
                                                                                                  sovereign yields in Europe are moving further
                                                                                                  into negative territory.

                             Overall, do you feel that investment opportunities compared to a year ago are improving,
                             getting worse or staying the same?

                             Year Over Year (%)                                                  2015 by Region (%)
                                                                                                                                             74
                                                                                                                                                  66
                                                                           63
                                                                                                                                        58

                                                                                           48
                                                                                      43
                                                                     38          39
                                                           34
                                          31                                                                          30
                                                      28                                                                        27
                                     26                         25                                                         24

                                               14                                                   12
                               9                                                                             7
                                                                                                         3

                                   Improving        Staying the Same Getting Worse                  Improving    Staying the Same Getting Worse

                                   2015        2014         2013          2012                      Americas       EMEA          Pan Asia

8 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

MACRO RISKS
• Insurers identified slower US economic growth       • Insurers demonstrated a regional bias. Nearly
  (23%), credit and equity market volatility (19%)      60% of Americas-based insurers selected slower
  and deflation (17%) as the greatest                   US economic growth as a top three macroeco-
  macroeconomic risks.                                  nomic risk; 75% of EMEA-based insurers
                                                        selected an economic slowdown/sovereign crisis
• Nearly half of insurers globally (47%) identified
                                                        in Europe as a top three macro concern.
  an economic slowdown or a sovereign crisis in
  Europe as a top three macroeconomic risk.           • Insurers believe the economies with the greatest
                                                        potential to unexpectedly roil the markets are
                                                        China (36%), Russia (24%) and the US (23%).

Which of the following issues pose the greatest macroeconomic risk to your investment
portfolio? Please select and rank your top 3.
2015 Macroeconomic Risks                              % Ranked First Choice                % Total Ranked (1-3)

Slower-than-Expected US Economic Growth                                               23                                        51

Credit & Equity Market Volatility                                            19                                                   53

Deflation                                                                   17                                             43

Economic Slowdown/Sovereign Crisis in Europe                            15                                                  47

Acceleration of Monetary Tightening                                    13                                        31

Economic Slowdown In Emerging Markets and China               5                                             24

Inflation                                                     5                                    15

Deteriorating Liquidity Conditions                        3                                                      30

Volatile Energy Prices                                0                                       7

In your opinion, which economy will have the greatest unanticipated impact on global
2014 Macroeconomic Risks                    % Ranked First Choice % Total Ranked (1-3)
financial markets in 2015? (%)
Credit and Equity Market Volatility                                          19                                                   61
               China                                                                                                         36
Slower-than-Expected US Economic Growth                                 15                                                 47
              Russia                                                                  24
Acceleration of Monetary Tightening                                     15                                             44
       United States                                                             23
Economic Shock in Emerging Markets and China                            15                                            41
              Greece                6
Deflation                                                              13                                   27
               Japan                6
Inflation                                                         10                                        28
                          2
USUnited  Kindgdom
    Financial Market Regulatory Change                        6                                    14

US Fiscal Venezuela
          Issues           2                                  5                                        17

Slow Growth in Europe                                     2                                    9

European Financial Market Regulatory Change               2                                       11

                                                                  Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 9
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                                MARKET OUTLOOK
                                  Insurers have tempered their rate expectations and approximately one-third believe
                                  we are in the late stage of the credit cycle
                                • Rates: The majority (52%) believes the 10-Year             • Oil Market Dislocation: Insurers view dis-
                                  US Treasury yield will be between 2.0-2.5% at                tressed debt/ private equity energy funds (37%)
                                  year-end, while 31% believe it will be between               or energy high yield debt (29%) as the best
                                  2.5-3.0%.                                                    strategies for capitalizing on the energy market
                                                                                               dislocation. P&C insurers demonstrated a
                                • Currencies: Most insurers believe the US dollar
                                                                                               preference for energy high yield debt (39%),
                                  will appreciate relative to other major currencies
                                                                                               while Life and Multi-Line companies showed a
                                  with the exception of the Swiss Franc, which
                                                                                               preference for distressed debt/private equity
                                  56% anticipate will strengthen relative to the US
                                                                                               strategies (43% and 49% respectively).
                                  dollar. 87% of insurers believe the Euro will
                                  depreciate relative to the US dollar.                      • Credit Cycle: Most insurers believe we are in
                                                                                               the middle of the credit cycle with stable credit
                                • Equities: There is significant consensus around
                                                                                               quality (62%), while approximately one-third
                                  return expectations for equities, with 76%
                                                                                               believe we are in the late stage of the credit
                                  expecting equities to return between 0-10%.
                                                                                               cycle with deteriorating credit quality (33%).
                                • Oil Prices: Insurers broadly (81%) believe Brent
                                                                                             • Credit Spreads: Most insurers expect a modest
                                  crude oil will remain within the range of $50-$75
                                                                                               tightening or modest widening (56%), with a large
                                  per barrel.
                                                                                               percentage expecting a moderate widening (43%).

                                Where do you expect the 10-Year US Treasury yield will be at year-end 2015? (%)

                                   2015
                                                                                                      56
                                   2014               52

                                                                          31        31

                                    13
                                                             5                                  4                        6
                                              1                                                                   0                 0     0
                                 2.0% or Less      > 2.0 to 2.5%       > 2.5 to 3.0%         > 3.0 to 3.5%      > 3.5 to 4.0%       > 4.0%

                                Do you believe the following currencies will appreciate or depreciate relative to the
                                US dollar? (%)

                                10-Year US Treasury Yield 2015 vs. 2014                  Depreciate (%)    Appreciate (%)
                                Chinese Yuan                     68                                                          32

                                Euro                 87                                                          13

                                Japanese Yen           84                                                          16

                                UK Sterling                       64                                                          36

                                Swiss Franc                                    44                                                        56

                                What do you expect the 2015 total return will be for the S&P 500 Index? (%)
                                                                                                76    75
                                   2015
                                   2014

                                                                                                                        18
                                                                         11                                       10
                                                                                    6
                                       1   0           2     1                                                                       0        0
                                  -20% or Less      > -20 to -10%       > -10 to 0%           > 0 to 10%        > 10 to 20%             > 20%

10 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
                              S&P 500 Index Total Return 2015 vs. 2014
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

Where do you expect Brent crude oil (USD/bbl) will be at year-end 2015? (%)
                                                81

                           14
                                                                    5
        1                                                                             0

    $25 or Less        > $25 to $50        > $50 to $75        > $75 to $100       > $100

Brent
In    Crude
   your     Oil Price
        opinion,      (USD/bbl)
                   which asset class or strategy is the most attractive for capitalizing on the
dislocation in energy markets? (%)
         37

                           29

                                                18
                                                                    16

 Distressed Debt/         Energy           Public Equity/      Commodities
  Private Equity      High Yield Debt     Master Limited
   Energy Fund                          Partnerships (MLPs)
                            62
Where do you think we are in the credit cycle? (%)
                            62

                                                33

                                                33

         5

    Early Stage
          5     -     Middle Stage -      Late Stage -
     Improving           Stable           Deteriorating
   Credit Quality     Credit Quality      Credit Quality
   Early Stage -      Middle Stage -      Late Stage -
     Improving           Stable           Deteriorating
   Credit Quality     Credit Quality      Credit Quality

What do you think will happen to credit spreads in 2015? (%)

         56

                            43
        56

                            43

                                                 1

  Modestly Tighten      Moderately          Significantly
    to Modestly          Widen                    1
                                               Widen
       Widen
  Modestly Tighten     Moderately          Significantly
   to Modestly          Widen                 Widen
       Widen

                                                            Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 11
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                             INFLATION/DEFLATION
                               Deflation concerns have reemerged but expectations are fairly barbelled
                             • 35% of insurers believe deflation will be a                      believe it will be a risk in their domestic market
                               concern in their domestic market over the next                   in the next 2-5 years.
                               year, while 43% do not believe deflation will be
                                                                                              • Americas-based insurers (48%) and P&C
                               a risk within the next five years.
                                                                                                insurers (51%) are less concerned about
                             • Inflation concerns are muted. Similar to previous                deflation and do not view it as a risk over the
                               years insurers have pushed out their concerns                    next five years.
                               to the medium term with 70% indicating they

                             When do you expect inflation/deflation will be a concern in your domestic market?
                             Inflation (%)                                                     Deflation (%)
                                                                                                                                              60

                                                                        47
                                                                                                                                         43
                                                              40
                                                                                                 35
                                               30        31
                                                                               26
                                                                                                      21
                                                                                         19
                                                                                                               15   16

                                                                                                                            7
                                 4        3                                                                                      4

                                 In the          2-3           3-5           Will Not Be        In the          2-3          3-5      Will Not Be
                                Next Year       Years         Years          a Risk in the     Next Year       Years        Years     a Risk in the
                                                                             Next 5 Years                                             Next 5 Years
                                2015          2014

                             Deflation will be a concern in the next year
                             Year Over Year (%)

                                                                                    35

                                     28

                                                                   21

                                                    10

                                  2012          2013          2014               2015

12 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

LIQUIDITY CONDITIONS
• Approximately one-third (34%) of insurers           • More than half (55%) of Pan Asian insurers
  believe deteriorating liquidity conditions will       believe deteriorating liquidity conditions will
  impact their investment portfolio, while nearly       impact their portfolio.
  half (49%) do not believe it will have an impact.

Do you think deteriorating liquidity conditions will have a significant impact on your
investment portfolio?
Global (%)                                             Region (%)
                                                                             59
                                                                     55

     18%
                                                                                  43
                             Yes
                 34%
                              No                               34
                                                          28
                              Do Not Believe                                                           24 23
                                                                                       23
                              Liquidity Conditions
      49%                     Are Deteriorating                                                   14

                                                               Yes                No          Do Not Believe
                                                                                            Liquidity Conditions
                                                                                             Are Deteriorating
                                                           Americas        EMEA         Pan Asia

V. Asset Returns and Allocation Decisions
Approximately one-third of insurers globally are looking to take on more investment risk, while
the majority intends to maintain current risk levels. EMEA and Pan Asian insurers demonstrated
strong risk appetite this year as they face low to negative sovereign yields. EMEA-based
insurers have increased their risk appetite over the years and are looking to take more liquidity
risk, while Pan Asian insurers are looking to increase both credit and equity risk. Most insurers
believe their industry peer group is taking on the appropriate amount of investment risk.

Similar to 2014, insurers expect equity asset classes to outperform credit asset classes. Insurers
have the lowest return expectations for cash/short-term instruments and government and agency
debt, and intend to decrease allocations accordingly. After months of volatile and declining oil
prices, insurers also expect commodities to be one of the lowest returning asset classes this year.

Insurers globally demonstrated strong demand for less liquid, private assets including
commercial mortgage loans, infrastructure debt, middle market loans, private equity and real
estate equity. There are notable differences by region with regards to asset allocation. Americas-
based insurers demonstrated the greatest appetite for commercial mortgage loans, private
equity, middle market loans, US securitized credit and infrastructure debt. EMEA insurers intend
to increase allocations to infrastructure debt, European equities, middle market loans, real
estate equity and US investment grade corporates. Pan Asian insurers intend to make the
greatest net allocations to infrastructure debt and US investment grade corporates, followed by
private equity, European equities and infrastructure equity.

Insurers cited valuations of both commercial mortgage loans and infrastructure debt as reasons
for not executing on their intended allocations from last year. The commercial mortgage loan
market is facing increasing competition from the CMBS market which has recently pressured
yields. Infrastructure debt, while attractive for its long duration, faces strong demand and muted
supply. Insurers also noted that the lack of internal systems or personnel has deterred
investments in both commercial mortgage loans and infrastructure debt.

                                                               Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 13
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                             INVESTMENT RISK
                               Most insurers believe their industry peer group is taking the appropriate amount of
                               investment risk
                             • The majority of insurers surveyed (66%)                                  (66%), while 21% believe the industry is taking
                               consider low yields to be the greatest invest-                           too much risk, a sentiment that is more concen-
                               ment risk to their portfolio, followed by rising                         trated amongst Multi-Line insurers (40%).
                               interest rates (12%).
                                                                                                      • EMEA insurers hold dispersed views on
                             • EMEA-based insurers and P&C insurers                                     investment risk; 29% believe their peer group
                               expressed slightly greater concern about rising                          is taking too much risk, 50% believe their risk
                               interest rates (19% and 20% respectively)                                level is appropriate and 21% believe their risk
                               relative to their peer groups.                                           level is insufficient.
                             • Most insurers believe their industry peer group is                     • 70% of P&C insurers believe their peer group is
                               taking the appropriate amount of investment risk                         taking on the appropriate amount of risk.

                             Please select the investment risk that you are most concerned about. (%)

                                                                                                                                                  66
                             Low Yields                                                                                                                70
                                                                                                                                       57
                                                                                                                                                   68

                                                                                      12
                             Rising                                                 10
                             Interest Rates                                                    19
                                                                              7

                                                                                    10
                             Credit Spread                                      8
                             Widening                                                     15
                                                                                         14

                                                                              6
                             Equity Market                                     7
                             Volatility                                       6
                                                                          5

                                                                          5
                             Liquidity Risk                               5
                                                                      3
                                                                              7

                                Global        Americas       EMEA                          Pan Asia

                             Do you think your industry peer group is currently taking on too much, an appropriate
                             level of or insufficient investment risk?

                                                         Region (%)                                                Type (%)

                                                                           21                                                   19
                             Too Much                                     19                                              13
                                                                                                                                       40
                             Investment Risk                                        29
                                                                                                                                19
                                                                 11                                                               22

                                                                 13                                                        14
                                                             8                                                              17
                             Insufficient
                                                                                                                      7
                             Investment Risk                               21
                                                                                                                           13
                                                                          20                                              11

                                                                                                         66                                             67
                                                                                                              72                                         70
                             Appropriate Level of
                                                                                                                                             53
                             Investment Risk                                                    50
                                                                                                                                                         69
                                                                                                          68                                            67

                                                            Global                  Americas                          Life    P&C/Non-Life        Multi-Line
                                                            EMEA                    Pan Asia                          Reinsurance    Health

14 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO RISK
  Despite the overall bearish sentiment on the investment environment, some insurers
  are looking to increase portfolio risk
• Globally, 33% of insurers intend to increase            • Pan Asian (45%) and Multi-Line insurers (40%)
  overall investment risk, while 55% intend to              demonstrated the strongest appetite for
  maintain risk levels.                                     increasing equity risk.
• 40% of EMEA insurers and 43% of Pan Asian               • 30% of insurers intend to increase credit risk,
  insurers plan to increase overall investment risk.        and 34% of insurers intend to decrease liquidity
  EMEA insurers intend to take on more liquidity            in their portfolio.
  risk, while Pan Asian insurers intend to increase
                                                          • 24% intend to increase duration in their
  credit and equity risk.
                                                            portfolio, while the majority (61%) intends to
• The majority (63%) of Americas-based insurers             maintain duration, 35% of Life companies are
  intend to maintain overall risk.                          looking to increase duration, which may be
                                                            driven in part by liability matching needs.

Are you planning to increase, decrease or maintain the overall risk in your investment
portfolio in the next 12 months?
Region                                     Decrease (%)   Increase (%)

Global                                     12                                                 33

Americas                                       11                                        26

EMEA                                      13                                                            40

Pan Asia                             14                                                                      43

Year Over Year
2012                                 14                                                  26

2013                                                 7                                                  41

2014                                                 8                                             35

2015                                       12                                                 33

Are you planning to increase, decrease or maintain the equity risk, credit risk, liquidity and
duration in your investment portfolio in the next 12 months?
Global                                     Decrease (%)   Increase (%)

Equity Risk                                     11                                  28

Credit Risk                               15                                         30

Liquidity             34                                             13

Duration                                  15                                   24

Credit Risk by Region

Americas                                   14                             17

EMEA                                 18                                                       40

Pan Asia                                        11                                                                57

Liquidity by Region

Americas                   30                                        13

EMEA        47                                                      12

Pan Asia                        25                                        16

                                                                 Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 15
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                             ASSET CLASS RETURN EXPECTATIONS
                               Equity asset classes are expected to outperform credit assets
                             • Insurers have the highest return expectations for    • Insurers globally have the lowest return
                               private equity (21%), US equities (18%) and            expectations for cash/short-term instruments
                               European equities (15%). European insurers are         (36%), government and agency debt (24%) and
                               more bullish on European equities relative to          commodities (10%).
                               other regions (31%).
                                                                                    • CFOs are more bullish on public equity relative
                                                                                      to CIOs who are more bullish on private equity.

                             Please rank the 3 asset classes that you expect to deliver the highest and lowest total
                             returns in the next 12 months. (% Ranked First Choice)
                                                                                   Highest                                 Lowest
                                                                                   Total Return (%)                        Total Return (%)

                             Private Equity                                                                           21    1

                             US Equities                                                                         18            2

                             European Equities                                                              15                     4

                             Real Estate Equity                                                     7                       1

                             High Yield Debt                                                       6                                6

                             US Investment Grade Corporates                                    4                           0

                             Emerging Market Equities                                          4                                    6

                             Hedge Funds                                                       4                               2

                             Emerging Market Sovereign Debt                                3                                   2

                             Middle Market Corporate Loans                                 3                               0

                             Commodities                                                   3                                            10

                             US Securitized Credit                                         2                               0

                             Mezzanine Debt                                                2                                1

                             Infrastructure Equity                                         2                                1

                             Government and Agency Debt                                1                                                           24

                             European Investment Grade Corporates                      1                                       2

                             Emerging Market Corporate Debt                            1                                        3

                             Commercial Mortgage Loans                                 1                                   0

                             Infrastructure Debt                                       1                                   0

                             Cash and Short-Term Instruments                       0                                                                    36

                             Large Market Corporate Loans                          0                                       0

                             CIO vs. CFO Highest Total Return Expectations
                                                     CIO                                                                   CFO

                             Private Equity                                 23                     US Equities                                          24

                             US Equities                           16                              European Equities                          14

                             European Equities                    15                               High Yield Debt                           12

                             Real Estate Equity            7                                       Private Equity                            12

16 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
High Yield Debt                                                25                     32    9                     34
European Equities                                             24                 25 5                             46
US Equities
                                          GSAM Insurance     23
                                                                  Asset Management       39
                                                                                            Insurance
                                                                                                9
                                                                                                           Survey 29
Emerging Market Corporate Debt                              21                  27 4                              47
Emerging Market Sovereign Debt                             19                  28 5                               49
Large Market Corporate Loans                              18                     31 3                             48
ASSET
Hedge        ALLOCATION DECISIONS 18
         Funds                                                         17     9                                   56
European Investment Grade Corporates                    16                              44      13                27
   Insurers intend to allocate to less liquid, private           asset classes as opposed to
Mezzanine Debt                                          16               22 2                                     60
   opportunistic, liquid credit as they indicated in previous years
Emerging Market Equities                                16                  27 3                                  54
 • The  top four asset
Infrastructure Equity   classes  that insurers intend  15    • Pan  Asian
                                                                  13 1     and  EMEA-based   insurers also intend 71
   to allocate to are all private: commercial                  to increase allocations to US investment grade
Government and Agency Debt                          10                                        60                27 3
   mortgage loans (35%), infrastructure debt                   corporates and European equities.
Cash   and Short-Term   Instruments
   (30%), middle market corporate loans (29%) and
                                                   7                                         61                27 4
Commodities                                      2    10 3
                                                             • Insurers intend to decrease allocations to cash/ 85
   private equity (29%).
                                                               short-term instruments (20%) and government
    Increase        Maintain          Decrease                 and agency debt (17%).
                                                      Do Not Invest

Are you planning to increase, decrease or maintain your allocation to the following asset
classes in the next 12 months?

                                                                               Net (% Increase - % Decrease)

Commercial Mortgage Loans                                                                                               +35
Infrastructure Debt                                                                                               +30
Middle Market Corporate Loans                                                                                     +29
Private Equity                                                                                                    +29
Real Estate Equity                                                                                          +25
US Securitized Credit                                                                                      +23
European Equities                                                                                    +19
Emerging Market Corporate Debt                                                                  +16
High Yield Debt                                                                                 +16
US Investment Grade Corporates                                                                 +15
Large Market Corporate Loans                                                                   +15
US Equities                                                                                    +15
Emerging Market Sovereign Debt                                                                 +14
Mezzanine Debt                                                                                 +14
Infrastructure Equity                                                                          +14
Emerging Market Equities                                                                   +13
Hedge Funds                                                                              +10
European Investment Grade Corporates                                               +4
Commodities                                                                    0
Government and Agency Debt               -17
Cash and Short-Term Instruments      -20

2015 vs. 2012 Highest Net Asset Allocation Changes (% Increase - % Decrease)
                       2015                                                             2012

Commercial                                          35      High Yield Debt                                             33
Mortgage Loans
                                                            US Investment
Infrastructure Debt                            30
                                                            Grade Corporates
                                                                                                                   30
Middle Market                                               Emerging Market Debt
                                               29                                                                  30
Corporate Loans
Private Equity                                 29           Real Estate                                            29

Real Estate Equity                        25                Bank Loans                                       24

                                                                    Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 17
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                               Net Asset Allocation Changes

                               Americas Top 5                              Net (% Increase - % Decrease)

                               Commercial Mortgage Loans                                                                                                             48

                               Private Equity                                                                                                   34

                               Middle Market Corporate Loans                                                                              30

                               US Securitized Credit                                                                                      30

                               Infrastructure Debt                                                                              26

                               EMEA Top 5
                               Infrastructure Debt                                                                                                  34
                               European Equities                                                                                           31

                               Middle Market Corporate Loans                                                                         28
                               Real Estate Equity                                                                           25
                               US Investment Grade Corporates                                                              24

                               Pan Asia Top 5
                               Infrastructure Debt                                                                                                       36

                               US Investment Grade Corporates                                                                                            36

                               Private Equity                                                                                                  32

                               European Equities                                                                                          30

                               Infrastructure Equity                                                                                      30

                               Gross Asset Allocation Changes
                                                                           Gross (%)

                                Commercial Mortgage Loans                                                      37                     22 2                                38
                                Private Equity                                                            33                19 4                                          43
                                Infrastructure Debt                                                  30               17 0                                                54
                                Middle Market Corporate Loans                                        29                    22 0                                           48
                                US Investment Grade Corporates                                      28                                                        51    13     8
                                US Securitized Credit                                              27                                               42 4                  27
                                Real Estate Equity                                                 27                     22 2                                            49
                                High Yield Debt                                                 25                                  32          9                         34
                                European Equities                                              24                          25 5                                           46
                                US Equities                                                   23                                          39             9                29
                                Emerging Market Corporate Debt                             21                             27 4                                            47
                                Emerging Market Sovereign Debt                            19                          28        5                                         49
                                Large Market Corporate Loans                             18                                31 3                                           48
                                Hedge Funds                                              18                 17        9                                                   56
                                European Investment Grade Corporates                16                                                44                 13               27
                                Mezzanine Debt                                      16                         22 2                                                       60
                                Emerging Market Equities                            16                              27 3                                                  54
                                Infrastructure Equity                               15               13 1                                                                 71
                                Government and Agency Debt                     10                                                                   60                   27 3
                                Cash and Short-Term Instruments                7                                                                    61               27    4
                                Commodities                                2       10 3                                                                                   85

                                   Increase         Maintain    Decrease           Do Not Invest

                                                                                                                           Net (% Increase - % Decrease)

                              Commercial Mortgage Loans                                                                                                                  +35
                              Infrastructure Debt                                                                                                                  +30
18 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
                              Middle Market Corporate Loans                                                                                                        +29
                              Private Equity                                                                                                                       +29
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

• Some insurers indicated that while they intended to allocate to infrastructure debt, commercial
  mortgage loans and private equity last year, they did not execute on these allocations primarily due to
  valuations (26%) and insufficient internal infrastructure or personnel (22%).

Which of the following asset classes did you intend to increase your allocation to in 2014
but did not? (%)

Infrastructure Debt                                                                         11

Commercial Mortgage Loans                                                              10

Private Equity                                                                    9

Middle Market Corporate Loans                                              7

Real Estate Equity                                                     6

High Yield Debt                                              4

Public Equity                                          3

Mezzanine Debt                                         3

ALTERNATIVE AND EQUITY ASSETS
• Insurers typically make public equity (47%),         • Insurers are more likely to use public equity
  private equity (47%) and hedge fund (42%)              (28%) for both long-tail lines and surplus assets
  allocations with their surplus.                        relative to private equity or hedge funds.
                                                       • More than half of P&C insurers (56%) allocate to
                                                         private and public equity with surplus assets.

Where would you place the following asset classes?
   Public Equity (%)                        Private Equity (%)                         Hedge Funds (%)

                7%                                     10%                                        5%
     18%                                     21%

                                                                                      40%
                                                                                                       42%
  28%                47%                   21%
                                                             47%
                                                                                            13%

   Long-Tail Liabilities    Surplus        Both            Neither

                                                                   Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 19
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                             VI. Capitalization and Regulatory Capital
                             Capitalization remains strong. P&C insurers generally believe their industry is adequately or
                             over-capitalized following several years of modest catastrophe losses as well as positive
                             earnings and investment performance. In addition to having well-capitalized balance-sheets, the
                             significant growth in alternative capital has impacted Reinsurers, who are experiencing pricing
                             pressure as a result of the influx in new capital. Approximately half of Reinsurers believe the
                             industry is over-capitalized. EMEA-based insurers expressed slightly higher concerns of under-
                             capitalization relative to other regions.

                             While the majority of Americas-based insurers believes regulatory capital will not impact their
                             investment decisions this year, EMEA and Pan Asian insurers are more likely to take regulatory
                             capital treatment into consideration when making investment decisions. A significant percentage
                             of insurers indicated that regulatory capital charges for hedge funds and equity asset classes
                             impact their investment decisions, as these assets face some of the highest capital charges.
                             EMEA and Pan Asian insurers are more likely to increase their allocations to long duration bonds
                             based on regulatory capital treatment, which may be due to duration matching needs. Insurers
                             face significant capital charges for duration mismatches under Solvency II.

                             CAPITALIZATION
                               Most insurers believe they are either adequately or over-capitalized
                             • Approximately half of Reinsurers (50%) and            • Some EMEA-based insurers (21%) indicated
                               P&C insurers (45%) believe their industry is            their industry is under-capitalized.
                               over-capitalized.
                             • 66% of Life insurers and 69% of Multi-Line
                               insurers believe their industry is adequately
                               capitalized.

                             Do you believe your industry peer group is currently over-, adequately, or under-
                             capitalized? (%)

                                                                                22
                                                                                                    45
                             Over-capitalized                                  20
                                                                                                         50
                                                                                          33

                                                                                                                       66
                                                                                                         49
                             Adequately Capitalized                                                                          69
                                                                                                   44
                                                                                                                        67

                                                                      12
                                                                6
                             Under-capitalized                       11
                                                                6
                                                         0

                                                             Life    P&C/Non-Life     Multi-Line
                                                             Reinsurance    Health

20 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

IMPACT OF REGULATORY CAPITAL ON ASSET ALLOCATION
• EMEA (37%) and Pan Asian insurers (34%) are                   • 22% of Life companies stated they are more
  more likely to allocate to long duration bonds                  likely to invest in securitized credit due to
  due to regulatory capital treatment.                            favorable regulatory capital treatment in the US.
• Most Americas-based insurers do not believe                   • In EMEA, approximately half of insurers said
  regulatory capital will impact their investment                 they are less likely to allocate to hedge funds
  decisions particularly in long duration bonds                   and high yield debt.
  (85%), corporate credit (72%) and securitized
  credit (79%).
• 38% of insurers globally indicated they are less
  likely to allocate to equity asset classes due to
  regulatory capital treatment.

Do regulatory capital concerns influence your likelihood of investing in the following
asset classes?
                                                            Decrease Increase
                                                      Likelihood (%) Likelihood (%)

Hedge Funds            42                                                                 10

Equity Assets               38                                                            10

High Yield Debt                   33                                                           12

Real Estate Equity                     30                                                       14

Securitized Credit                          24                                                  14

Corporate Loans                                  22                                             14

Long Duration Bonds                                        12                                        19

                                                            Decrease Increase
Long Duration Bonds by Region                         Likelihood (%) Likelihood (%)

Americas                                                        7                     8

EMEA                                        24                                                                           37

Pan Asia                                              14                                                            34

Securitized Credit by Region

Americas                                               13                            8

EMEA              46                                                                                 19

Pan Asia                           32                                                                      25

High Yield Debt by Region

Americas                                    25                                             12

EMEA        49                                                                    7

Pan Asia                     36                                                                           23

Equity Assets by Region

Americas                          34                                             6

EMEA            47                                                                   7

Pan Asia                     36                                                                                27

                                                                       Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 21
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

                             VII. Outsourcing
                             The demand for outsourcing to third party asset managers remains strong. Pan Asian insurers
                             plan to outsource more of their portfolio this year. Given the need for significant infrastructure
                             and resources, insurers intend to outsource investments in alternatives such as hedge funds
                             and private equity and niche strategies such as emerging market equities.

                             • Insurers globally intend to outsource more of                • Insurers are looking to outsource hedge funds
                               their portfolio (22%) or the same amount (58%).                (26%), emerging market equities (23%), US
                                                                                              investment grade corporates (23%), private
                             • 55% of Pan Asian insurers intend to outsource
                                                                                              equity (22%) and middle market loans (20%).
                               more of their portfolio.

                             Do you anticipate outsourcing more, the same amount or less of your investment
                             portfolio in the next 12 months?
                             Region (%)
                                                                  61        60
                                                             58
                                                  55
                                                                                  45

                               22
                                            18
                                      15                                                                 13                  14
                                                                                              9    10                   10             9
                                                                                                              0                            0

                                      More                    Same Amount                           Less               Do Not Outsource

                                Global           Americas    EMEA                Pan Asia

                             Total Assets (%)
                                                             72

                                                                       50        52

                                           26    26

                                15                                                                      14                                 16
                                                                                                                                  10
                                                                                               6              5          7

                                       More                   Same Amount                           Less               Do Not Outsource
                                $5bn or Less           $5-$50bn        More than $50bn

22 | Goldman Sachs Asset Management
GSAM Insurance Asset Management Insurance Survey

Which of the following asset classes are you considering outsourcing to a third party asset
manager in the next 12 months? Please select all that apply. (%)

Hedge Funds                                                                                     26

Emerging Market Equities                                                                   23

US Investment Grade Corporates                                                             23

Private Equity                                                                            22

High Yield Debt                                                                      20

Middle Market Corporate Loans                                                        20

Real Estate Equity                                                                   20

Emerging Market Sovereign Debt                                                  17

Government and Agency Debt                                                      17

Infrastructure Debt                                                         16

Commercial Mortgage Loans                                                  15

Emerging Market Corporate Debt                                             15

European Investment Grade Corporates                                       15

US Securitized Credit                                                      15

Cash and Short-Term Instruments                                       13

European Equities                                                     13

Large Market Corporate Loans                                          13

Mezzanine Debt                                                        13

Commodities                                                         12

US Equities                                                         12

Infrastructure Equity                               3

VIII. Conclusion
As easy global monetary policies have pushed yields to ultra-low to negative levels, insurers are
finding it more difficult to find attractive investment opportunities. Despite this pessimistic view,
approximately one-third of insurers globally intend to increase overall portfolio risk, with the
most significant risk appetite stemming from EMEA and Pan Asia. Insurers are anxious about
the growth trajectory of the largest economies, particularly the US, and they are concerned
about higher levels of volatility and deflation. Insurers believe equity asset classes will
outperform credit assets this year and are looking to increase allocations to less liquid, private
asset classes. Overall the industry is well-capitalized and insurers are generally comfortable with
the level of risk their peers are taking.

                                                          Goldman Sachs Asset Management | 23
General Disclosures
Survey information as of February 25, 2015.
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© 2015 Goldman Sachs. All rights reserved. 158194.OTHER.MED.OTU                                                                                      USI-INSSV15/04-15
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