Guide to Approved Spring Traps in Scotland and rest of UK - Steve Campbell, SASA
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Guide to Approved Spring Traps
in Scotland and rest of UK
Steve Campbell, SASA
BSS072020 1
Introduction The use of spring traps is an important wildlife management and pest control technique. A variety of trap designs are used widely in game management, the pest control industry, conservation management, farming and sometimes by domestic users. This guide is intended primarily for use by those who are not routinely familiar with spring traps to help them recognise and understand the traps they may encounter, although others may find it useful as a reference. It contains background information on traps currently listed on the Spring Traps Approval Order (STAO) and provides, where possible, images to assist with identifying those traps. It also includes some traps that have been previously listed on the STAO, but which are no longer approved, and some additional images of a few other spring traps that might be encountered. Some of the traps, even approved ones, are rare and there are few if any images available. Where images are available, they have been used, but quality varies. STAO’s have been in use since the 1950’s; the issuing of them is devolved and orders that apply to different parts of the UK can vary in wording and occasionally in both the traps and conditions that are listed. This guide was produced primarily for use in Scotland, however, to increase its utility it also includes information on trap approvals for other parts of the UK. In Scotland the STAO is issued under sections 50(3) and 85(3) of the Agriculture Scotland Act 1948 as amended By the Pests Act 1954 and the Scotland Act 1998. In England and Wales it is issued under sections 8(3) and (7) of the Pests Act 1954 In Northern Ireland it is issued under articles 12A(2) and 12A(3) of the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 The STAO lists each model of spring trap that has been approved, the manufacturer, and the conditions under which it must be used, including the permitted target species. New traps are added either via a separate amendment or variation order, or by periodically issuing a revised STAO. Testing of traps has improved over time in terms of welfare standards. For this reason, newer traps may have a higher consistent standard of welfare than some older designs. In 2019 a number of older trap models that had ceased manufacture were removed from the STAO. At the time of writing there were additional traps that were undergoing testing and had not yet been added to the STAO, if they are approved in the future they will be added to this guide at a later date. Non-target risk One of the primary conditions for most spring traps on the STAO is that they must be used in a tunnel that is suitable for excluding, or reducing the risk to, non-target species. Guidance on tunnel design may be found elsewhere. The term ‘tunnel’ is a commonly used term reflecting the fact that many of the enclosures used are actual tunnels, but the term also encompasses other forms of enclosure such as a box with a single entrance (closed end tunnel). Some traps may incorporate a built-in tunnel or enclosure, but it is important to note that this may not always be sufficient to meet the conditions of the STAO in all circumstances and trap users should exercise judgement in ensuring that the trap is deployed in a manner that excludes likely non-target species where it is possible to do so. Legal use of spring traps Traps on the STAO are only legal if they are used in a way that conforms with the approval. Thus, it is quite possible to use an approved trap in an illegal manner. BSS072020 1
Not all spring traps are listed on the STAO, there is an exemption from approval for certain traps used specifically for rats, mice and moles (although manufacturers can choose to have a spring trap approved for mice and rats if they wish). In Scotland this exemption stems from the Small Ground Vermin Traps Order (Scotland) 1958, in England and Wales from the Small Ground Vermin Traps Order 1958 and in Northern Ireland from the Small Ground Vermin Traps Order (Northern Ireland) 1961. There are many other forms of spring trap that are not approved and for which there are no exemptions; these are either traps that have had their approval revoked or those which have never been approved. Traps that have never had approval will likely fall into one of two further groups: The first is old trap designs that predate the approvals process, and which were in use prior to the current system thus there are still examples in circulation. The second group is traps that are permitted for use in other countries, and thus may be available to some users via foreign contacts or via internet retailers. Traps from both of these groups are occasionally found in use either by trappers who do not know the law or by those who deliberately ignore it. Examining and handling traps If you need to examine a trap, do so with caution, particularly if you are unfamiliar with the trap type or if it is in a deteriorated condition; the springs on these traps are powerful, even in a corroded state. Do not rely completely on trigger notches or safety catches to be effective as they can fail for a number of reasons. If you need to trigger a trap, then do so using something soft such as a stick or some rolled up paper on the trigger, not a metal tool or a stone as they may damage the trap jaws if caught. Illegal use (wildlife crime) To report a trap you suspect to be used illegally contact the police on 101 and ask that the information be passed to a wildlife crime officer. Give a map reference if possible, or the proximity to an obvious landmark. Do not interfere with a trap unless you have the authority to do so, an exception to this might be an exposed trap that poses a clear and obvious danger to non-target species. For those investigating traps in a potential wildlife crime situation you should take photographs, both close ups of the trap and wider-angle shots, showing any enclosure associated with it and also some showing the trap in relation to the wider location; an image that shows the trap in an identifiable location may be useful. Measurements of any associated tunnel may also be of value (total length, width and height, the dimensions of any entrances and the distance from entrance to trap) and whether there are any internal baffles or obstructions between trap and the entrance. NOTE: The information in this guide was as far as we know correct at the time of writing, but be aware that the legislation involving traps and trapping can change, thus if the date of this document is not recent then either look for an updated version, or double-check the requirements of the relevant Spring Trap Approval Order if they are critical to your activity. This guide does not constitute legal advice. Some of the information in this guide was hard to come by and may be incorrect or have changed, this may be especially true of manufacturer or distributor data, if you are aware of any errors please let SASA Wildlife Management know and we will try to update it. Steve Campbell Wildlife Management SASA, Roddinglaw Road, Edinburgh, EH12 9FJ February 2021 www.sasa.gov.uk BSS072020 2
INDIVIDUAL
TRAP
DESCRIPTIONS
BSS072020 3
TRAP TYPE BMI Magnum 55
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Butera Manufacturing Industries (BMI) Traps, 1068 E,
134th street, Cleveland, Ohio 44110-2248, USA
Current: There may be other manufacturers of ‘equivalent’
designs.
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 4
Permitted species : Scotland: Rats, grey squirrels and mice
England, Wales and Northern Ireland: Rats, mice and other
small ground vermin (except for those species listed in
Schedules 5 and 6 to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981).
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel
which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing,
killing or injuring non-target species whilst not compromising
the killing or taking of target species.
England, Wales and Northern Ireland: The trap must be set in
a natural or artificial tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for
the purpose.
History : Included on the STAO since 1995 in England and 1996 in
Scotland.
Description and details of use : A 3 ½” x 4 ½” ‘bodygrip’ type trap, it is the smallest of this type
of trap on the STAO. The bodygrip designs have a four-way
trigger that can set the trap off if pushed in any direction. The
wire trigger can be bent and reshaped to suit the trapping
situation.
According to BMI the ‘magnum’ terminology refers to a bend
in the jaws which affords a tighter grip on the animal than a
‘standard’ bodygrip design, however at the time of writing BMI
only appeared to produce this trap in ‘magnum’ form.
The bodygrip traps are normally used in a horizontal tunnel
with the set trap aligned vertically, or in a vertical tunnel with
trap aligned horizontally. Many users allow the spring to
protrude through a slot in the side of the tunnel which as well
as allowing a narrow tunnel design also allows the trapper to
determine from outside whether the trap has been triggered.
The trap can be supported by using a bracket on the tunnel
floor or wall, brackets can be made or purchased. The trap can
be baited or used in a run through configuration that relies on
the animal trying to traverse the tunnel.
The traps usually come with a chain so they can be tethered.
This prevents the trap being dragged away in the event that a
larger animal is accidentally caught but not killed.
Notes : NA
BSS072020 5
TRAP TYPE BMI Magnum 110
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Butera Manufacturing Industries (BMI) Traps, 1068 E,
134th street, Cleveland, Ohio 44110-2248, USA
Current: There may be other manufacturers of ‘equivalent’ designs.
UK importer/distributor: N/A
BSS072020 6
Permitted species : Scotland: Grey squirrels, weasels, edible dormice (Glis glis)*, rats and
mice.
England and Wales: Grey squirrels, weasels, rats, mice and other small
ground vermin (except for those species listed in Schedules 5 and 6 to
the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981).
Northern Ireland: Grey squirrels, rats, mice and other small ground
vermin (except for those species listed in Schedules 5 and 6 to the
Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981)
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species.
England, Wales and Northern Ireland: The trap must be set in a natural
or artificial tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : Has been on the STAO since 1995 in England and 1996 in Scotland.
Description and details of use: A 4½” square ‘bodygrip’ type trap. The bodygrip designs have a four
way trigger that can set the trap off if pushed in any direction. The wire
trigger can be bent and reshaped to suit a particular trapping situation
(see BMI Magnum 55 entry for explanation of ‘magnum’ terminology).
The bodygrip traps are normally used in a horizontal tunnel with the set
trap aligned vertically, or in a vertical tunnel with trap aligned
horizontally. Many users allow the spring to protrude through a slot in
the side of the tunnel which as well as allowing a narrow tunnel design
also allows the trapper to determine from outside whether the trap has
been triggered. The trap can be supported by using a bracket on the
tunnel floor or wall, brackets can be made or purchased. The trap can
be baited or used in a run through configuration that relies on the animal
trying to traverse the tunnel.
The traps usually come with a chain so they can be tethered. This
prevents the trap being dragged away in the event that a larger animal
is accidentally caught but not killed.
Notes : *The trap is approved for use on Glis glis in Scotland even though the
species does not occur there. This was simply because it is a non-native
species that already being present in England might occur in Scotland
at some point and if it did then there would be an approved trap
available. Approval for stoat was withdrawn in April 2020.
BSS072020 7
TRAP TYPE BMI Magnum 116
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Butera Manufacturing Industries (BMI) Traps, 1068 E, 134th
street, Cleveland, Ohio 44110-2248, USA
Current: There may be other manufacturers of ‘equivalent’ designs.
UK importer/distributor: N/A
BSS072020 8
Permitted species : Scotland: Grey squirrels, mink, rabbits, weasels, edible dormice (Glis
glis)*, rats and mice.
England and Wales: Grey squirrels, mink, rabbits, weasels, rats, mice
and other small ground vermin (except for those species listed in
Schedules 5 and 6 to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981).
Northern Ireland: Grey squirrels, mink, rabbits, rats, mice and other
small ground vermin (except for those species listed in Schedules 5 and
6 to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981).
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species. Must only be set for rabbits in a rabbit hole.
England, Wales and Northern Ireland: The trap must be set in a natural
or artificial tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : Has been on the STAO since 1995 in England and 1996 in Scotland.
Description and details of use: A 5 ½” ‘bodygrip’ type trap. The bodygrip designs have a four-way
trigger that can set the trap off if pushed in any direction. The wire trigger
can be bent and reshaped to suit the trapping situation (see BMI
Magnum 55 entry for explanation of ‘magnum’ terminology).
The bodygrip traps are normally used in a horizontal tunnel with the set
trap aligned vertically, or in a vertical tunnel with trap aligned
horizontally. Many users allow the spring to protrude through a slot in
the side of the tunnel which as well as allowing a narrow tunnel design
also allows the trapper to determine from outside whether the trap has
been triggered. The trap can be supported by using a bracket on the
tunnel floor or wall, brackets can be made or purchased. The trap can
be baited or used in a run through configuration that relies on the animal
trying to traverse the tunnel.
The traps usually come with a chain so they can be tethered. This
prevents the trap being dragged away in the event that a larger animal
is accidentally caught but not killed.
Notes : The BMI Magnum 116 is specific to the UK. Approval for stoat was
withdrawn in April 2020. *Edible dormouse is not currently found in
Scotland, its presence on the STAO is intended to provide a means of
control should it be introduced.
BSS072020 9TRAP TYPE DOC 150
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Currently made by CMI Springs P.O.BOX 3963, Shortland
Street, Auckland 1140, New Zealand, under the authority of the
Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Current: Still with original manufacturer, although there may be other
companies producing ‘equivalent’ traps.
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 10Permitted species : Scotland: Closed end tunnel for grey squirrels, rats, stoats and weasels.
Run through tunnel for rats, stoats and weasels.
England and Wales: Closed end tunnel for grey squirrels, rats, stoats
and weasels. Run through tunnel for rats, stoats and weasels.
Northern Ireland: Baited configuration for grey squirrels, rats and stoats.
Run through tunnel for rats and stoats.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species. The tunnel may be closed end or in a run through configuration.
The tunnel must include an internal baffle arrangement that conforms to
the type described in the Department of Conservation’s design
specifications as set out in their trap use instructions published on the
website of Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture on the 10th
February 2021. The trap must be positioned in relation to the baffle or
baffles and to the side of the tunnel so that it conforms with those
specifications.
England and Wales: For closed end tunnels, the trap must be set in an
artificial tunnel constructed to the design specified by the Department of
Conservation using materials suitable for the purpose. For run through
tunnels, the trap must be set in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions for the run-through configuration in a natural or artificial
tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
Northern Ireland: For the baited configuration, the trap must be set in an
artificial tunnel constructed to the design specified by the Department of
Conservation using materials suitable for the purpose. For run through
tunnels, the trap must be set in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions for the run-through configuration in a natural or artificial
tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : Developed in New Zealand as a more effective replacement for the
common Fenn designs and tested to meet strict humanness standards.
First approved in England in 2007 and in Scotland in 2011.
Description and details of use: DOC traps are best used securely attached to the tunnel in which they
are positioned or on a rigid chassis that can be placed in a suitable
tunnel. The tunnel design specified by DOC has an inner baffle with a
hole positioned so that animals always encounter the trap in the same
place, thus maximising the chance of a clean kill. In the DOC tunnel
design the baffle hole is offset to the tunnel entrance hole; this possibly
serves to slow down any animals running into the trap, again helping to
ensure an accurate strike.
The trap is often used in a closed end tunnel, with a mesh end so that
the animal can see through to the other side. Bait can be placed in the
tunnel to entice animals to cross the trap; in New Zealand eggs have
been widely used, primarily for longevity between trap checks. However,
the trap can also be used in a run-through configuration.
Notes : The UK instructions for the DOC traps are very specific about the layout
of any trap tunnel and the position of the internal baffle. These
instructions must be followed to comply with the order:
https://www.sasa.gov.uk/document-library/predator-traps-instructions-
uk
BSS072020 11TRAP TYPE DOC 200
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Currently made by CMI Springs P.O.BOX 3963, Shortland
Street, Auckland 1140, New Zealand, under the authority of the
Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Current: Still with original manufacturer, although there at least two
additional companies in New Zealand producing ‘equivalent’ traps.
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 12Permitted species : Scotland, England and Wales: Closed end tunnel for grey squirrels,
mink, rats, stoats and weasels. Run through tunnel for rats, stoats and
weasels.
Northern Ireland: Baited configuration for grey squirrels, mink, rats and
stoats. Run through tunnel for rats and stoats.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species. The tunnel may be closed end or a run through configuration.
The tunnel must include an internal baffle arrangement that conforms to
the type described in the Department of Conservation’s design
specifications as set out in their trap use instructions published on the
website of Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture on the 10th
February 2021. The trap must be positioned in relation to the baffle or
baffles and to the side of the tunnel so that it conforms with those
specifications.
England and Wales: For closed end configuration, the trap must be set
in an artificial tunnel constructed to the design specified by the
Department of Conservation. using materials suitable for the purpose.
For run through configuration, the trap must be set in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions for the run-through configuration in a
natural or artificial tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the
purpose
Northern Ireland: Baited configuration: The trap must be set in an
artificial tunnel constructed to the design specified by the Department of
Conservation using materials suitable for the purpose. Run through
tunnel: The trap must be set in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions for the run-through configuration in a natural or artificial
tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : Developed in New Zealand as a more effective replacement for the
Fenn designs and tested to meet strict humanness standards. First
approved in England in 2007 and in Scotland in 2011.
Description and details of use: See details for DOC 150
Notes : The UK instructions for the DOC traps are very specific about the layout
of any trap tunnel and the position of the internal baffle and these
instructions must be followed to comply with the order:
https://www.sasa.gov.uk/document-library/predator-traps-instructions-
uk
BSS072020 13TRAP TYPE DOC 250
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Currently made by CMI Springs P.O.BOX 3963, Shortland
Street, Auckland 1140, New Zealand, under the authority of the
Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Current: Still with original manufacturer
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 14Permitted species : Scotland and Wales: Closed end tunnel for grey squirrels, mink, rabbits,
rats, stoats and weasels. Run through configuration for rats, stoats and
weasels.
England: Closed end tunnel for ferrets, grey squirrels, mink, rabbits,
rats, stoats and weasels. Run through configuration for rats, stoats and
weasels.
Northern Ireland: Baited configuration for grey squirrels, mink, rabbits,
rats and stoats. Run through configuration for rats and stoats.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species. The tunnel may be closed end or a run through configuration.
The tunnel must include an internal baffle arrangement that conforms to
the type described in the Department of Conservation’s design
specifications as set out in their trap use instructions published on the
website of Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture on the 10th
February 2021. The trap must be positioned in relation to the baffle or
baffles and to the side of the tunnel so that it conforms with those
specifications.
England and Wales: For closed end configuration, the trap must be set
in an artificial tunnel constructed to the design specified by the
Department of Conservation using materials suitable for the purpose.
For run through configuration, the trap must be set in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions for the run-through configuration in a
natural or artificial tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the
purpose
Northern Ireland: For baited configuration, the trap must be set in an
artificial tunnel constructed to the design specified by the Department of
Conservation using materials suitable for the purpose. For run through
tunnel, the trap must be set in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions for the run-through configuration in a natural or artificial
tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : Developed in New Zealand as a more effective replacement for the
Fenn designs and tested to meet strict humanness standards. First
approved in England in 2007 and in Scotland in 2011.
Description and details of use: See details for DOC 150
Notes : The UK instructions for the DOC traps are very specific about the layout
of any trap tunnel and the position of the internal baffle and these
instructions must be followed to comply with the order:
https://www.sasa.gov.uk/document-library/predator-traps-instructions-
uk
BSS072020 15TRAP TYPE Duke 116
Currently manufactured? : N
Manufacturer : Original: By or under the authority of Duke Company, 508 E. Brame
Avenue, West Point, MS 39773, USA
Current: N/A
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 16Permitted species : Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales: Grey squirrels
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be set in an
artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose.
History : This trap became approved in England in 2015 and Scotland from the
1st of January 2019.
Description and details of use: Works in a similar manner to the BMI ‘bodygrip’ traps.
Used in either a horizontal tunnel with the set trap aligned vertically, or
in a vertical tunnel with trap aligned horizontally. The spring can be
allowed to protrude through a slot in the side of the tunnel which as well
as allowing a narrow tunnel design also allows the trapper to see from
a distance whether the trap has been triggered. The trap can be
supported by using a bracket on the tunnel floor or wall, brackets can
be made or purchased. The trap can be baited or used in a run through
configuration that relies on the animal trying to traverse the tunnel. The
trigger wires can be repositioned to increase the chance of contact with
targets.
Notes : At the time of writing this trap is was not commercially available; it is
believed that after the initial batch were made for approval that no further
examples were manufactured.
BSS072020 17TRAP TYPE Fenn Vermin Trap Mark IV
(Heavy Duty)
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: By or under the authority of Mr A. A. Fenn of FHT Works, High
Street, Astwood Bank, Redditch, Worcestershire B96 6AR
Current: DB Springs Ltd, Unit 1, Double Century Works, High Street,
Astwood Bank, Redditch, Worcestershire, B96 6AR
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 18Permitted species : Scotland: Grey squirrels, weasels, edible dormice (Glis glis)*, rats and
mice.
England and wales: Grey squirrels, weasels, rats, mice and other small
ground vermin (except for those species listed in Schedules 5 and 6 to
the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981).
Northern Ireland: Grey squirrels, rats, mice and other small ground
vermin (except for those species listed in Schedules 5 and 6 to the
Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981).
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be set in natural or
artificial tunnels which are, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : The Fenn MkIV is a later development of the earlier three ‘vermin’ trap
variants and shares the same patent. It was first added to the STAO in
England in 1970. In Scotland the first mention the author can find is on
the 1975 STAO. The term ‘Heavy Duty’ probably refers to its more
robust construction compared to the previous three variants.
Description and details of use: The MkIV is more substantial than the earlier Fenn ‘vermin’ traps, the
primary difference from the earlier variants is that one half of the frame
is made from ‘flat’ steel rather than wire, the wire that is used is thicker
than that found on the MKIII. Dimensionally it is similar in size to the
MkIII. The torsion springs are of a noticeably thicker gauge and the trap
is consequently more powerful. It is used in an identical way to the
earlier trap variants, either in a tunnel/box or hole, generally with a
restricted entrance that does not permit access by larger non-target
species. The trap impacts on the side of the animal, either striking the
head and/or body depending on the speed of the animal and where it
touches the trigger plate. All MkIV traps come with a chain attached for
securing them in place.
Notes : Approval for stoat was removed in April 2020. There are several
manufacturers who make copies of the Fenn MKIV and some of these
have separate approvals (e.g. the Springer and Solway traps). Some
unbranded copies are rumoured to have considerably less power, but
we are unaware of any scientific tests of this. It is possible that some
copies could be mistaken for genuine Fenn traps but due to the simple
design it would be difficult for the average user to be aware of this;
purchasing traps from a reputable source should avoid these. *Edible
dormouse is not currently found in Scotland; its presence on the STAO
is intended to provide a means of control should it be introduced. It no
longer appears on the English STAO for Fenn MKIV but does so for the
Solway copy.
BSS072020 19TRAP TYPE Fenn Vermin Trap Mark VI
(Dual Purpose)
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: By or under the authority of Mr A. A. Fenn of FHT Works, High
Street, Astwood Bank, Redditch, Worcestershire B96 6AR
Current: DB Springs Ltd, Unit 1, Double Century Works, High Street,
Astwood Bank, Redditch, Worcestershire, B96 6AR
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 20Permitted species : Scotland: Grey squirrels, mink, rabbits, weasels, edible dormice (Glis
glis)*, rats and mice.
England and Wales: Grey squirrels, mink, rabbits, weasels, rats, mice
and other small ground vermin (except for those species listed in
Schedules 5 and 6 to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981).
Northern Ireland: Grey squirrels, mink, rabbits, rats, mice and other
small ground vermin (except for those species listed in Schedules 5 and
6 to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981).
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species. Must only be set for rabbits in a rabbit hole.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be set in a natural
or artificial tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : First added to the STAO in both England and Scotland in 1982.
Description and details of use : This trap is superficially a scaled-up version of the Fenn MkIV and is
therefore a further evolution of the original Fenn MKI ‘vermin’ design.
However, it is not simply a larger MKIV, and there are some subtle
differences between the two traps other than size. The treadle plate
remains the same size as the MKIV but the flat bar that forms half of the
frame has a different cross section and it also lacks the notches cut out
on the ninety-degree corners that the MkIV has. The biggest difference
from the MKIV is that the where the two halves of the frame make
contact together the wire part of the frame (or ‘round’ section) is bent so
that it overlaps the flat bar section when fully closed. It works in the same
manner as the previous Fenn ‘vermin’ traps and is used in the same
format of tunnel and box layouts. Being larger it is also approved for
both mink and rabbits. All MkVI traps come with a chain attached for
securing them in place.
Notes : Approval for Stoat was removed in April 2020. There are several
manufacturers who make copies of the Fenn MKVI and some of these
have separate approvals (e.g. the Springer and Solway traps). As with
the MKIV it is sometimes suggested that some unbranded copies may
be of lower quality than genuine Fenn traps but due to the simple design
it would be difficult for the average user to be aware of this; purchasing
traps from a reputable source should avoid these. *Edible dormouse is
not currently found in Scotland, its presence on the STAO is intended to
provide a means of control should it be introduced. It no longer appears
on the English STAO for Fenn MKIV but does so for the Solway copy.
BSS072020 21TRAP TYPE Fenn Rabbit Trap Mark I
Currently manufactured? : N
Manufacturer : Original: By or under the authority of Mr A. A. Fenn of FHT Works, High
Street, Astwood Bank, Redditch, Worcestershire B96 6AR
Current: N/A
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 22Permitted species : Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales: Rabbits
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species. Must only be set for rabbits in a rabbit hole.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be set in a natural
or artificial tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : In both England and Scotland the first reference the authors can find is
on the 1975 STAO.
Description and details of use : The Fenn Rabbit Trap MKI is another development of the same basic
Fenn ‘vermin’ trap design. At first glance it appears very similar to the
MkIV and MkVI traps except it has rounded rather than square ends.
However, the trap is not simply a rounded off version of one of the other
traps. The biggest difference is that both halves of the frame are made
from a flat steel bar. The trap is also slightly narrower than a MKVI but
also slightly taller (when closed). The gauge of the springs is slightly
less than that of the MKVI and the trap appears slightly less powerful.
Notes : It is likely that production ended once the Fenn MKVI became
established, as the MKVI can do essentially the same job and has the
added benefit of being approved for a much wider range of species. The
authors have seen Fenn traps marked as Fenn Rabbit but which are
otherwise similar in shape to MKVI, it is unknown if these are counterfeit
or early genuine Fenns, perhaps made using parts intended for the
Rabbit trap.
BSS072020 23TRAP TYPE Fuller Trap
Currently manufactured? : N
Manufacturer : Original: Manufactured by or under the authority of Fuller Industries,
Three Trees, Loxwood Road, Bucks Green, Rudgwick, Sussex.
Current: N/A
UK importer/distributor : N/A
BSS072020 24Permitted species : Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales: Grey squirrel
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set within the housing provided by the
manufacturer as part of the trap and used in such a way that minimises
the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-target species whilst not
compromising the killing or taking of target species.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be set within the
housing provided by the manufacturer.
History : This trap was first approved in 1957 on the original STAO in England
and in 1958 in Scotland, however it may have been in use prior to this.
It is not known when production ended, probably the 1980’s or early
1990’s.
Description and details of use : The trap is a metal box containing a very powerful spring mechanism
set using a levered plate on the rear of the box. At the front is an
entrance hole that allows the squirrel to access bait which has been
placed in the trap. When the trigger, to which the bait is attached, is
moved the end of the plate is brought down with significant force on the
squirrel’s head.
This trap is very powerful but is relatively safe to set and is also self-
contained within its own housing. It was designed not to require placing
in a tunnel or box to minimise non-target risk, however due to the
proximity of the mechanism to the entrance additional protection should
be afforded by using a mesh shroud or tunnel around the entrance to
deter non-targets from entering, particularly if used near the ground,
rather than mounted on a tree or branch.
Notes : The trap is well made from quality materials and was probably relatively
expensive to produce, which like several other traps from that era may
explain why it is no longer in production.
BSS072020 25TRAP TYPE Goodnature A18 Grey Squirrel Trap
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Manufactured by or under the authority of Goodnature
Limited, 4-12 Cruikshank Street, Kilbirnie 6022, Wellington, New
Zealand.
Current: N/A
UK importer/distributor : Goodnature Traps UK, Unit 9 New Mills Industrial Estate, Post Office
Road, Inkpen, Berkshire, RG17 9PU
BSS072020 26Permitted species : Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales: Grey squirrels and rats.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel or
enclosure which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing,
killing or injuring non-target species whilst not compromising the killing
or taking of target species; or set at a minimum height of 30cm off the
ground and entered by an artificial tunnel attached to the trap and that
protrudes for a distance of no less than 70mm from the trap entrance,
and which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or
injuring non-target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking
of target species.
England and Wales: The trap must be so placed that it can only be
entered by way of an artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose.
Northern Ireland: The trap must be so placed that it can only be entered
by way of an artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose, or set at
a minimum height of 30cm off the ground and entered by an artificial
tunnel attached to the trap and that protrudes for a distance of no less
than 70mm from the trap entrance and which is suitable for the purpose.
History : This trap became approved from the 1st of January 2019.
Description and details of use : The trap comprises of a short vertical chamber accessed from below, at
the top of this is a screw off cap covering a compartment into which a
bait can be placed, this can be either a proprietary bait from Goodnature
or a DIY bait.
Perpendicular to the vertical chamber is a cylinder that protrudes
outwards, this contains a piston powered by compressed gas. At the
end of this cylinder a small CO2 bulb can be attached.
If a target animal inserts its head far enough into open bottom end of
the trap, it will push a fine wire trigger as it tries to reach the bait. This
causes a piston, powered by the compressed gas, to strike the animal’s
head. The piston then retracts, and the dead animal drops out of the
trap, at the same time the mechanism resets. Dead animals may be
removed by scavengers, so an optional clip-on counter is available to
indicate how many times the trap has fired. The ‘A18’ name indicates
that the trap is expected to fire up to 18 times before a new gas bulb is
required. The protruding horizontal part of the trap is slightly longer than
on the A24 design, other dimensions are similar.
Notes : In Scotland, testing of the related A24 Rat and Stoat trap showed it was
possible to exclude hedgehogs by mounting the trap at 30cm from the
ground and using an exclusion tunnel on the entrance. Given the
similarity with other Goodnature models this condition of use was
applied to them all, including the A18 grey squirrel trap. A typical
example of such a tunnel is shown in the accompanying image
BSS072020 27TRAP TYPE Goodnature A18 Mink Trap
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Manufactured by or under the authority of Goodnature
Limited, 4-12 Cruikshank Street, Kilbirnie 6022, Wellington, New
Zealand.
Current:
UK importer/distributor : Goodnature Traps UK, Unit 9 New Mills Industrial Estate, Post Office
Road, Inkpen, Berkshire, RG17 9PU
No image currently available
BSS072020 28Permitted species : Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales: Mink
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel or
enclosure which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing,
killing or injuring non-target species whilst not compromising the killing
or taking of target species; or set at a minimum height of 30cm off the
ground and entered by an artificial tunnel attached to the trap and that
protrudes for a distance of no less than 70mm from the trap entrance,
and which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or
injuring non-target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking
of target species.
England and Wales: The trap must be so placed that it can only be
entered by way of an artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose.
Northern Ireland: The trap must be so placed that it can only be entered
by way of an artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose, or set at
a minimum height of 30cm off the ground and entered by an artificial
tunnel attached to the trap and that protrudes for a distance of no less
than 70mm from the trap entrance and which is suitable for the purpose.
History : This trap became approved in England and Scotland from the 1st of
January 2019.
Description and details of use : This trap is broadly similar in size to the A18 grey squirrel trap, although
the striking head of the piston may be slightly different. At the time of
writing the authors were unable to obtain a production example so more
detailed information cannot be included. The trap operates in a manner
identical to the other Goodnature traps.
Notes : In Scotland, testing of the related A24 Rat and Stoat trap showed it was
possible to exclude hedgehogs by mounting the trap at 30cm from the
ground and using an exclusion tunnel on the entrance. Given the
similarity with other Goodnature models this condition of use was
applied to them all, including the A18 mink trap.
BSS072020 29TRAP TYPE Goodnature A24 Pro
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Manufactured by or under the authority of Goodnature
Limited, 4-12 Cruikshank Street, Kilbirnie 6022, Wellington, New
Zealand.
Current: N/A
UK importer/distributor : Goodnature Traps UK, Unit 9 New Mills Industrial Estate, Post Office
Road, Inkpen, Berkshire, RG17 9PU
BSS072020 30Permitted species : Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales: Rats and mice
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel or
enclosure which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing,
killing or injuring non-target species whilst not compromising the killing
or taking of target species; or set at a minimum height of 30cm off the
ground and entered by an artificial tunnel attached to the trap and that
protrudes for a distance of no less than 70mm from the trap entrance,
and which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or
injuring non-target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking
of target species.
England and Wales: The trap must be so placed that it can only be
entered by way of an artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose.
Northern Ireland: The trap must be so placed that it can only be entered
by way of an artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose, or set at
a minimum height of 30cm off the ground and entered by an artificial
tunnel attached to the trap and that protrudes for a distance of no less
than 70mm from the trap entrance and which is suitable for the purpose.
History : This trap became approved in England and Scotland from the 1st of
January 2019. At the time of writing the trap did not appear to be
commercially available in the UK.
Description and details of use : While the A24 pro superficially resembles the A24 Rat and Stoat trap
the internal structure of the aperture leading to the trigger has been
modified to improve its effectiveness against rats. The Authors
understand that the trap was intended to primarily be used horizontally
in contrast to the vertical positioning of the A24 Rat & Stoat and the A18
traps. The trap operates in a manner identical to the other Goodnature
traps.
Notes : In Scotland, testing of the related A24 Rat and Stoat trap showed it was
possible to exclude hedgehogs by mounting the trap at 30cm from the
ground and using an exclusion tunnel on the entrance. Given the
similarity with other Goodnature models this condition of use was
applied to them all, including the A24 Pro. However, because the A24
Pro is intended for horizontal ground level use, this option while
permitted, is unlikely to be practical and therefore the alternative of
using the trap in a tunnel to exclude non-targets is the most practical
approach.
BSS072020 31TRAP TYPE Goodnature A24 Rat and Stoat Trap
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Manufactured by or under the authority of Goodnature
Limited, 4-12 Cruikshank Street, Kilbirnie 6022, Wellington, New
Zealand.
Current: N/A
UK importer/distributor : Goodnature Traps UK, Unit 9 New Mills Industrial Estate, Post Office
Road, Inkpen, Berkshire, RG17 9PU
BSS072020 32Permitted species : Scotland, England and Wales: Stoats, rats, weasels, edible dormice
(Glis glis)*, and mice.
Northern Ireland: Stoats, rats and mice.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel or
enclosure which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing,
killing or injuring non-target species whilst not compromising the killing
or taking of target species; or set at a minimum height of 30cm off the
ground and entered by an artificial tunnel attached to the trap and that
protrudes for a distance of no less than 70mm from the trap entrance,
and which is suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or
injuring non-target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking
of target species.
England and Wales: The trap must be so placed that it can only be
entered by way of an artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose
Northern Ireland: The trap must be so placed that it can only be entered
by way of an artificial tunnel which is suitable for the purpose, or set at
a minimum height of 30cm off the ground and entered by an artificial
tunnel attached to the trap and that protrudes for a distance of no less
than 70mm from the trap entrance and which is suitable for the purpose
History : This trap became approved in England and Scotland from the 1st of
January 2019.
Description and details of use : The trap comprises of a short vertical chamber accessed from below, at
the top of this a screw off cap covering a compartment into which a bait
can be placed, this can be either a proprietary bait from Goodnature or
a DIY bait.
Perpendicular to the vertical chamber is a cylinder that protrudes
outwards, this contains a piston powered by compressed gas. At the
end of this cylinder a small CO2 bulb can be attached.
If a target animal inserts its head far enough into open bottom end of
the trap, it will push a fine wire trigger as it tries to reach the bait. This
causes a piston, powered by the compressed gas, to strike the animal’s
head. The piston then retracts, and the dead animal drops out of the
trap, at the same time the mechanism resets. Dead animals may be
removed by scavengers, so an optional clip-on counter is available to
indicate how many times the trap has fired. The ‘A24’ name indicates
that the trap is expected to kill up to 24 times before a new gas bulb is
required. The protruding horizontal part of the trap is slightly shorter than
on the A18 design, other dimensions are similar.
Notes : In Scotland, testing of the A24 Rat and Stoat trap showed it was possible
to exclude hedgehogs by mounting the trap at 30cm from the ground
and using an exclusion tunnel on the entrance. Given the similarity with
other Goodnature models this condition of use was applied to them all.
A typical example of such a tunnel is shown in the accompanying image.
At the time of writing this trap also appeared to be being sold as the A24
‘rat and mouse’ trap. *Edible dormouse is not currently found in
Scotland; its presence on the STAO is intended to provide a means of
control should it be introduced.
BSS072020 33TRAP TYPE Kania Trap 2000
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Kania Industries Incorporated, C-2345 Delinea Place,
Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 5L9.
Current: N/A
UK importer/distributor : Killgerm, Wakefield Road, Ossett, West Yorkshire, WF5 9AJ, UK
Standard Kania 2000
Kania 2000 with tunnel attached
BSS072020 34Permitted species : Scotland: Grey squirrels, mink, weasels, edible dormice (Glis glis)*, rats
and mice
England and Wales: Grey squirrels, mink, weasels, edible dormice (Glis
glis*), rats, mice and (except for those species listed in Schedules 5 and
6 to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981) other small ground vermin.
Northern Ireland: Grey squirrels, mink, rats, mice and (except for those
species listed in Schedules 5 and 6 to the Wildlife and Countryside Act
1981) other small ground vermin.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set within the housing provided by the
manufacturer as part of the trap entered via an artificial or natural tunnel
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be set within the
housing provided by the manufacturer.
History : The Kania trap was devised primarily as a squirrel trap, for catching
introduced grey squirrels in regions of Canada although it can be
effective for a number of other species.
Description and details of use : The Kania 2000 is self-contained inside a galvanised metal plate
housing. The trap could be used in this form inside buildings where there
is no non-target risk. If used outside, it should be used in conjunction
with an additional restriction such as a tunnel over the entrance to
reduce the risk of birds or larger mammals being killed or injured when
investigating it. The trap has a bait compartment at the back of the
housing, in order to access the bait an animal must enter the trap and
push past a wide trigger plate. When the trap is triggered a metal strike
bar comes down with considerable force on the neck area of target
species. The metal strike bar is on one end of a long steel bar that is
coiled midway to form a spring with the other end providing a setting
lever to provide tension. The trap can be mounted on the side of a tree
or building with the entrance facing downwards but it can equally be
used on the ground where it can be entered horizontally, entrance
tunnels should appropriate to the location.
Notes : There are some companies who manufacture an off-the-shelf bolt-on
tunnel for the Kania 2000 to reduce the risk to non-target species.
*Edible dormouse is not currently found in Scotland, its presence on the
STAO is intended to provide a means of control should it be introduced.
BSS072020 35TRAP TYPE Kania Trap 2500
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Kania Industries Incorporated, C-2345 Delinea Place,
Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T 5L9.
Current: N/A
UK importer/distributor : Killgerm, Wakefield Road, Ossett, West Yorkshire, WF5 9AJ, UK
No image available (trap is the same as a Kania 2000 without box)
BSS072020 36Permitted species : Scotland, England and Wales: Grey squirrels, mink, rabbits, weasels,
edible dormice (Glis glis), rats and mice.
Northern Ireland: Grey squirrels, mink, rabbits, rats and mice.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set in a natural or artificial tunnel which is
suitable for minimising the chances of capturing, killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species.
England, Wales and Northern Ireland: The trap must be set in a natural
or artificial tunnel which is, in either case, suitable for the purpose.
History : The Kania trap was primarily devised as a squirrel trap, for catching
introduced grey squirrels in regions of Canada although it can be
effective for a number of other species.
Description and details of use : The Kania 2500 is essentially the mechanism of the 2000 but without
the metal housing, this allows the trapper to either build their own
custom housing or to use it in a natural tunnel situation such as a burrow
(e.g. for trapping rabbits)
Notes : *Edible dormouse is not currently found in Scotland, its presence on the
STAO is intended to provide a means of control should it be introduced
BSS072020 37TRAP TYPE KORO Large Rodent Double
Coil Spring Snap Trap
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Manufactured by or under the authority of Koro Traps, Box 5
Grp.22 RR2, Dugald, Manitoba, R0E 0K0, Canada.
Current: As above
UK importer/distributor : Perdix Wildlife Supplies, Unit 1, Hatton Rock Business Park, Hatton
Rock, Stratford Upon Avon, Warwickshire CV37 0BX.
BSS072020 38Permitted species : Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales: Grey squirrels and rats.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be so positioned that animals can only enter it
from the front (the front is the side from which the letters KORO can be
read face-on and the correct way up) and must be set within an artificial
closed-end tunnel which is suitable for minimising the chances of
capturing, killing or injuring non-target species whilst not compromising
the killing or taking of target species.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be so positioned
that animals can only enter it from the front and set within an artificial
blind tunnel which is suitable for the purpose.
History : This trap became approved in England and Scotland from the 1st of
January 2019.
Description and details of use : The strike bar is propelled by two torsion springs. The trap must
positioned so that animals can only enter it from the front, and it must
be set within a closed-end tunnel to allow this. As the animal steps on
the treadle plate and depresses it, the locking pin disengages, and the
strike bar is driven downward to strike the animal. The front is the side
from which the letters KORO can be read face-on and the correct way
up.
Notes : In 2020 the manufacturer developed a new version with a different
release mechanism, at the time of writing it was not clear if this would
be covered under the previous trap approval but it seemed likely that it
may require a separate approval.
BSS072020 39TRAP TYPE KORO Rodent Snap Trap
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: manufactured by or under the authority of Koro Traps, Box 5
Grp.22 RR2, Dugald, Manitoba, R0E 0K0, Canada.
Current: As above
UK importer/distributor : Perdix Wildlife Supplies, Unit 1, Hatton Rock Business Park, Hatton
Rock, Stratford Upon Avon, Warwickshire CV37 0BX.
BSS072020 40Permitted species : Scotland, England and Wales: Rats and weasels.
Northern Ireland: Rats.
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be so positioned that animals can only enter it
from the front (the front is the side from which the letters KORO can be
read face-on and the correct way up) and must be set within an artificial
closed-end tunnel which is suitable for minimising the chances of
capturing, killing or injuring non-target species whilst not compromising
the killing or taking of target species.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be so positioned
that animals can only enter it from the front and set within an artificial
blind tunnel which is suitable for the purpose.
History : This trap became approved in England and Scotland from the 1st of
January 2019.
Description and details of use : The strike bar is propelled by a single torsion spring. The trap must be
so positioned that animals can only enter it from the front and it must be
set within an artificial closed-end tunnel. As the animal steps on the
treadle plate and depresses it, the locking pin disengages, and the strike
bar is driven downward to strike the animal. The front is the side from
which the letters KORO can be read face-on and the correct way up
Notes : In 2020 the manufacturer developed a new version with a different
release mechanism, at the time of writing it was not clear if this would
be covered under the previous trap approval but it seemed likely that it
may require a separate approval.
BSS072020 41TRAP TYPE Nooski
Currently manufactured? : Y
Manufacturer : Original: Nooski Trap Systems, 50 White Street, Rotorua, New
Zealand.
Current: As above
UK importer/distributor : Wilsons, Emerald House, Whitehall Road, Colchester, Essex, CO2 8HA
Nooski Trap, including cone used to stretch to stretch latex rings for fitting
BSS072020 42Permitted species : Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales: Rats
Conditions of use : Scotland: The trap must be set within the housing and fitted with the
artificial tunnel supplied by the manufacturer as part of the trap, and
used in such a way that minimises the chances of killing or injuring non-
target species whilst not compromising the killing or taking of target
species.
England, Northern Ireland and Wales: The trap must be set within the
housing and artificial tunnel provided by the manufacturer.
History : The trap was developed in New Zealand by NOOSKI, based on an
original concept by John Neustroski, the rat trap came to market in 2007
after several years of development followed quickly by a smaller version
for mice. First approved in England in 2007 and in Scotland in 2011.
Description and details of use : The trap is a unique design, very different to other traps on the STAO.
It uses a latex ring the central hole of which is narrower than the
thickness of the target species’ neck. The trap is essentially a device
designed to place the stretched ring over the animal’s head. The trap
uses bait to encourage the animal to place its head into a pipe
whereupon it pushes a trigger which causes a latex ring that has been
stretched around the circumference of the pipe to detatch onto the rat’s
neck, quickly killing it. The manufacturers claim that it reduces the risk
of non-lethal injury to target animals and also makes the trap much safer
to humans and pets.
Notes : N/A
BSS072020 43You can also read
