Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government

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Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
Hessequa Municipality
                2017
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
HESSEQUA: AT A GLANCE

1.   DEMOGRAPHICS                  1

2.   EDUCATION                     3

3.   HEALTH                        7

4.   POVERTY                      12

5.   BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY       15

6.   SAFETY AND SECURITY          19

7.   THE ECONOMY                  24

8.   INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT   28

SOURCES                           34
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
Hessequa: At a Glance

                                                                          Population Estimates, 2018; Actual households, 2016

                 55 559                                                                17 731
                                              2016                                                                       2016

             Matric Pass Rate          93.6%                        Gini Coefficient                                   0.56
              Learner-Teacher Ratio     37.4
                                                                     Human Development Index                       0.71
             Gr 12 Drop-out Rate       30.2%

                                                                                                                         2016

                        4              79.9%                         79.9                           10.1%

                                          Percentage change between 2016 and 2017 in number of reported cases per 100 000

                           2.3%              3.9%               15.9%                  -40.7%               -9.0%

                                                                 Percentage of households with access to basic services, 2016

      90.6%             74.4%                     97.3%                       98.0%                      95.8%

                    2016                             2016

                                                                         Drought
                   18           Unemployment Rate
                                                                         Financial Sustainability (Grant dependency)

                  22               9.5%                                  Stagnating Economic Growth

                                                                                                    Contribution to GDP, 2015

Finance, insurance, real estate and        Wholesale and retail trade, catering
                                                                                                 Manufacturing
         business services                       and accommodation

       20.8%                                         19.4%                                       13.4%
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
1
                            DEMOGRAPHICS

    This first chapter of the SEP focusses on the people living in the Hessequa area. A demographic
    perspective on a municipality allows to observe not only simple changes in population growth,
    but also to look at other various developments that influence the social life of every citizen.
    Demographics allow to emphasise aspects of society like, e.g. gender, race, migration or life
    expectancy. Decisions made by politicians as well as by the administration affect in almost
    every case at least one aspect of demographics. Therefore, a good understanding of this area
    is crucial for the government’s work.

    The overview of key demographic factors given in this chapter comprises of the estimates of
    population size, the distribution of population within age cohorts and furthermore the
    dependency ratio, which is of high importance for understanding economic activity in the
    area as well as for planning welfare systems. With this short, but informative overview, the SEP
    tries to help the municipalities in their budgeting process by delivering precise data as a solid
    foundation for future decisions.

    Data source: Department of Social Development, 2017

1   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
POPULATION
       250 000

       200 000

       150 000

       100 000

        50 000

              0
                    Bitou       George    Hessequa   Kannaland   Knysna      Mossel Bay   Oudtshoorn
             2018   56 422      212 120    55 559       25 340   74 606        99 319       95 859
             2019   57 404      214 613    55 945       25 420   75 372       100 626       95 807
             2020   58 369      217 057    56 322       25 500   76 113       101 903       95 741
             2021   59 321      219 452    56 692       25 579   76 830       103 149       95 660
             2022   60 259      221 798    57 053       25 656   77 523       104 366       95 565
             2023   61 184      224 095    57 406       25 734   78 196       105 556       95 456

    In 2018, Hessequa will have an estimated population of 55 559, after five years this population
    is estimated to be 57 406. This equates an estimated annual growing rate over this time span
    of 0.7 per cent. The estimated population growth rate of Hessequa is therefore 0.2 percentage
    points lower than the estimated population growth of the Eden District’s annual average
    population growth rate of 0.9 per cent.

    AGE COHORTS
                     Children:             Working Age:             Aged:               Dependency
      Year
                    0 – 14 Years           15 – 65 Years             65 +                  Ratio
      2011             12 825                  33 988                5 831                  54.9

      2018             12 540                  35 903                7 115                  54.7

      2023             12 365                  37 187                7 855                  54.4

    Above table depicts the population composition regarding age cohorts. The total population
    is broken down into three different groups: Age 0 - 14: children; Age 15 - 65: working age
    population; Age 65+: seniors. An analysis of the basis year (2011) and the estimated numbers
    for 2023 shows a decline in the percentage of children and growth in the working population
    as well as seniors over the same period. The South African national age dependency ratio has
    dropped from 55.71 per cent in 2011 to 52.14 per cent in 2015 and appears that Hessequa is
    reflecting the same trend, however at a slower pace. Higher dependency ratios mean higher
    pressure on social systems and the delivery of basic services.

2   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
2
                                   EDUCATION

                                                   2
    Education and training improves access to employment opportunities and helps to sustain and
    accelerate overall development. It expands the range of options available from which a
    person can choose to create opportunities for a fulfilling life. Through indirect positive effects
    on health and life expectancy, the level of education of a population also influences its
    welfare.                         EDUCATION

    Data source: Western Cape Education Department, 2017

3   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
LEARNER ENROLMENT
      40 000

      35 000

      30 000

      25 000

      20 000

      15 000

      10 000

        5 000

           0
                   Bitou       George       Hessequa     Kannaland       Knysna     Mossel Bay    Oudtshoorn
          2014     7 535        34 158        8 520         4 685        11 728       15 679        18 860
          2015     7 659        34 460        8 585         4 671        12 006       16 105        18 926
          2016     7 920        34 782        8 566         4 651        12 103       16 401        18 588

    Learner enrolment in Hessequa increased marginally at an annual average growth rate of
    0.2 per cent between 2014 and 2016, which is an indication that access to education has
    improved within the Hessequa area.

    LEARNER-TEACHER RATIO
                              The learner–teacher ratio in Hessequa increased from 28.2 in 2014 to
                              38.5 in 2015 and up to 37.4 in 2016, which could in future affect learner
                              performance within the Hessequa municipal area. Lower learner-
                              teacher ratios allow teachers to manage classes better as learning
                              problems can rapidly escalate in larger classes and directly relates to
                              the quality of education within the area. Factors influencing the
                              learner-teacher ratio is the ability of schools to employ more educators
                              when needed and the ability to collect fees.

    GRADE 12TheDROP-OUT
                learner–teacher ratio in RATES
                                         Hessequa increased from 28.2 in 2014 to
                             38.5 in 2015 and up to 37.4 in 2016, which could in future affect learner
    A total of 30.2 per cent performance
                              of students that  enrolled
                                               within    the inHessequa
                                                                Grade 10 in  2014 dropped
                                                                            municipal  area. out  of school
                                                                                              Lower          by
                                                                                                       learner-
    the time they reached Grade
                             teacher  12ratios
                                         in 2016. This isteachers
                                               allow       a furtherto
                                                                     deterioration  from the
                                                                        manage classes       2015 as
                                                                                           better  rate  of 21.4
                                                                                                      learning
    per cent. These high levels    of drop-outs   are   influenced    by  a wide  array of economic
                             problems can rapidly escalate in larger classes and directly relates to    factors
    including unemployment,  the poverty,
                                   quality ofindigent
                                                education households,    higharea.
                                                                within the    levelsFactors
                                                                                      of households    with the
                                                                                             influencing     no
    income or rely on less than    R515 a month
                             learner-teacher       and
                                                ratio      teenage
                                                       is the  abilitypregnancies.
                                                                       of schools to employ more educators
                              when needed and the ability to collect fees.

4   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
    The availability of adequate education facilities such as schools, FET colleges and schools
    equipped with libraries and media centres could affect academic outcomes positively.

          30

          25

          20

          15

          10

           5

           0
                        Number of Schools with Libraries                 Total Number of Schools
         2014                           11                                         26
         2015                           10                                         24
         2016                           9                                          19

    Hessequa had 26 schools in 2014 of which 11 were equipped with libraries. This number
    declined over the three years between 2014 to 2016 to 19 schools equipped with 9 libraries.

        100%
         90%
         80%
         70%
         60%
         50%
         40%
         30%
         20%
         10%
         0%
                 Bitou          George        Hessequa     Kannaland   Knysna     Mossel Bay       Oudtshoorn
         2014     80%             71%           73%          94%        80%             65%           87%
         2015     80%             71%           71%          94%        80%             64%           87%
         2016     82%             69%           63%          94%        79%             67%           84%

    Above graph depicts the number of no-fee schools within the various local municipalities of
    the Eden District. In Hessequa, 63 per cent of all schools in 2016 were considered to be no-fee
    schools, which bodes well to improve access to education for all people from poorer
    communities. Hessequa has the lowest percentage of no-fee schools compared with the other
    local municipalities in the Eden District.

5   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
EDUCATION OUTCOMES
                               Education remains one of the key avenues through which the state
                               is involved in the economy. In preparing individuals for future
                               engagements in the broader market, policy decisions and choices in
                               the sphere of education play a critical role in determining the extent
                               to which future economy and poverty reduction plans can be
                               realised. This section measures the matric pass rate within the
                               Hessequa municipal area.

        100%

         90%

         80%

         70%

         60%

         50%

         40%

         30%

         20%

         10%

          0%
                  Bitou       George     Hessequa     Kannaland     Knysna     Mossel Bay   Oudtshoorn
         2014    73,90%       81,90%       85,90%      85,30%       72,20%       83,00%       84,50%
         2015    74,80%       84,60%       88,30%      92,40%       81,60%       88,10%       91,30%
         2016    76,40%       83,40%       93,60%      88,90%       77,90%       87,40%       93,10%

    Hessequa matric pass rate improved consistently from 85.9 per cent in 2014, 88.3 per cent in
    2015 and 93.6 in 2016. With the continuous improvement of access to tertiary education, higher
    matric pass rates will translate in more students enrolling at tertiary institutions. The matric pass
    rate within the Hessequa area remain the highest compared to the other regions in the Eden
    District.

6   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
Hessequa Municipality 2017 - Western Cape Government
3
                                          HEALTH

                                                 3
    Health is another major factor contributing to the general quality of life in Hessequa. It is
    therefore important to monitor the public health facilities as well as a variety of factors such as
    diseases like HIV or TB and general topics that affect the community, like maternal health. This
    Socio-economic Profile provides the basic statistics concerning those issues. Since this profile
                                          HEALTH
    focusses on the public health facilities,

    Data source: Department of Health, 2017
                                              private facilities do not appear in it.

7   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
    All citizens’ right to access to healthcare services are directly affected by the number and
    spread of facilities within their geographical reach. South Africa’s healthcare system is geared
    in such a way that people have to move from primary, with a referral system, to secondary
    and tertiary levels.

          12

          10

           8

           6

           4

           2

           0
                                                   Number of PHC                                     Total number of
                Number of ART                       Clinic - non-                     Number of TB    PHC facilities
                                   Number of                        Number of PHC
                    clinics/                            fixed                            clinics/     (Fixed Clinics,
                                district hospitals                   Clinics - Fixed
                treatment sites                    (mobiles/satelit                  treatment sites    CHCs and
                                                          e)                                              CDCs)
         2014         5                 1                5                4               10                4
         2015         5                 1                5                4               11                4
         2016         5                 1                5                4               11                4

    The number of healthcare facilities in Hessequa remained unchanged between 2015 and
    2016. In 2016, Hessequa had a total of 4 primary healthcare facilities, all of which were fixed
    clinics. In addition to 5 non-fixed mobile clinics, there are also 5 ART clinics as well as
    11 TB clinics. Whilst there is no regional hospital in the area, there is 1 district hospital. The
    municipal area had no community day/health centres.

    EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
                                       Access to emergency medical services is critical for rural citizens
                                       due to rural distances between towns and health facilities being
                                       much greater than in the urban areas. Combined with the
                                       relatively lower population per square kilometre in rural areas,
                                       ambulance coverage is greater in rural areas in order to
                                       maintain adequate coverage for rural communities.

                                       A bigger number of operational ambulances can provide a
                                       greater coverage of emergency medical services. Hessequa
                                       has 0.7 ambulance per 10 000 inhabitants in 2016, with the Eden
                                       District having 2.9 ambulances per 10 000.

8   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
HIV/AIDS

                                     HIV/AIDS management is crucial given its implications for
                                     the labour force and the demand for healthcare services.

                           Registered patients           Number of new ART
                                                                                    HIV Transmission Rate
                             receiving ART                   patients
           Area
                         2014     2015     2016         2014   2015     2016       2014     2015     2016

        Hessequa          552      705      767         121     194      147        6.9      0.0      7.4

       Eden District    14 805   17 391    20 127       3278   3820     3603        1.6      1.4      1.8

    Hessequa is seeing a steady rise in the number of registered patients receiving antiretroviral
    treatment (ART) over the past three years from 2014 to 2016. New patients receiving
    antiretroviral treatment increased by 73 patients between 2014 and 2015, but declined with
    47 patients between 2015 and 2016. The patients receiving antiretroviral treatment, as shown
    earlier in this chapter, are treated in five clinics or treatment sites. The proportion of registered
    patients receiving ART treatment in 2016 within the Hessequa area represents only 3.8 per cent
    of all registered patients receiving treatment within the Eden District.

    The number of new antiretroviral patients increased with 21.5 per cent between 2014 and 2016,
    whereas the number of new ART patients only increased by 9.92 per cent over the whole of
    the Eden District. The most recent information for Hessequa indicates a mother-to-child
    transmission rate of 7.4 per cent which is much higher than the 1.5 per cent for the District.

    TUBERCULOSIS
                                                 450
                                                                                   408
                                                 400                    377
                                                 350           327
                                                 300
                                                                                                   2014
                                                 250
                                                 200                                               2015
                                                 150                                               2016
                                                 100
                                                  50
                                                    0
                                                                Number of TB patients

    The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases increased drastically from 2014 to 2016 with 327 cases in
    2014, 377 in 2015 and 408 cases in 2016 at an annual average growth rate of 7.7 per cent.

9   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
CHILD HEALTH

                                          Health Indicator             Hessequa        Eden District

                                           Immunisation                  79.9%            83.7%

                                            Malnutrition                   0.5              3.5

                                      Neonatal mortality rate            10.18              6.9

                                          Low birth weight               17.3%            14.6%

     In 2016, the full immunisation coverage rate for Eden was 83.7 per cent. In Hessequa, it was
     lower at 79.9 per cent, showing an improvement from the 2015 rate of 76.1 per cent.

     The number of malnourished Health  children   under five years
                                               Indicator               in Eden Eden
                                                                  Hessequa       in District
                                                                                    2016 was
     3.5 per 100 000 children. Hessequa’s rate is currently at 0.5 which is much lower when
     compared to the District.          Immunisation                79.9           83.7

     The District’s neonatal mortality rateMalnutrition
                                             (6.9) is slightly above the0.5
                                                                         Province’s 2019
                                                                                       3.5target of
     6.0 per 1 000 live births. Hessequa’s rate at 10.18 is higher than the District rate and has
                                      Neonatal mortality rate
     declined from the 2015 rate of 8.9.                               10.18           6.9

     The proportion of babies born withLow
                                         low birth
                                              weight in 2016 are marginally
                                                   weight             17% higher in the Hessequa
                                                                                      15%
     area (17.3 per cent) compared with the Eden District (14.6 per cent), which negatively affect
     the overall health of the people within Hessequa.

      DEFINITIONS

      Immunisation: The immunisation rate is calculated as the number of children immunised as
      a percentage of the total number of children less than one year of age. Immunisation
      protects both adults and children against preventable infectious diseases. Low immunisation
      rates speak to the need for parents to understand the critical importance of immunisation,
      as well as the need to encourage parents to have their young children immunised.

      Malnutrition: Expressed as the number of malnourished children under five years per
      100 000 people. Malnutrition (either under- or over-nutrition) refers to the condition whereby
      an individual does not receive adequate amounts or receives excessive amounts of
      nutrients.

      Neonatal mortality rate: Measured as the number of neonates dying before reaching
      28 days of age, per 1 000 live births in a given year. The first 28 days of life (neonatal period)
      represent the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. The Province’s target for 2019 is
      6.0 per 1 000 live births.

      Low birth weight: Percentage of all babies born in facility that weighed less than 2 500 g. Low
      birth weight is associated with a range of both short- and long-term consequences.

10   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
      DEFINITIONS

      Immunisation: The immunisation rate is calculated as the number of children immunised as
MATERNAL HEALTH
                                           Health Indicator            Hessequa       Eden District

                                       Maternal Mortality Ratio            0              0.1

                                      Delivery Rate to Women
                                                                         10.06            6.7
                                           under 18 years
                                      Termination of Pregnancy
                                                                           0              0.5
                                                Rate

     The maternal mortality rate for both Hessequa and the Eden District is essentially zero which
     attests to improvement maternal healthcare interventions such as the upskilling of health
     professionals, especially nurses and the implementation of best practices.

     The delivery rate to women under the age of 18 years are higher in Hessequa at 10.06 per
     10 000 people than in the whole of the Eden District which reflected 6.7 per 10 000 people.

     The termination of pregnancy rate of zero in Hessequa compares well with the rate of 0.5 which
     was reflected in the Eden District in 2016.

      DEFINITIONS

      Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the
      postpartum period.

      Maternal mortality rate: Maternal deaths per 100 000 live births in health facilities. Maternal
      death is death occurring during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium of a woman
      while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration
      and site of pregnancy and irrespective of the cause of death (obstetric and non-obstetric).

      Births to teenage mothers: Percentage of babies born to mothers under the age of 18 years.
      Teenage pregnancy is almost always unplanned; as a result when young parents are placed
      in a position to care for their children, life can become particularly tough, especially if they
      do not have family or social support.

      Termination of pregnancy: The percentage of terminations as a proportion of the female
      population aged 15 to 44 years. Government hospitals, designated private doctors and
      gynaecologists, and non-profit providers offer safe and legal termination of pregnancy. To
      have a free abortion, the request must be made at a primary healthcare clinic, where the
      pregnancy will be confirmed, counselling provided, an appointment made, and a referral
      letter be given to a facility where the procedure can be performed.

      DEFINITIONS

      Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the
      postpartum period.

      Maternal mortality rate: Maternal deaths per 100 000 live births in health facilities. Maternal
11   2017 Socio-economic
      death                Profile:during
             is death occurring     Hessequa  Municipality
                                          pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium of a woman
      while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration
      and site of pregnancy and irrespective of the cause of death (obstetric and non-obstetric).
4
                                        POVERTY

                                                  4
     This section shows living conditions and economic circumstances of households in the
     Hessequa municipal area based on most recent data including Statistics South Africa’s Non-
     Financial Census of Municipalities 2016 and Quantec. Economic theory suggests that when an
     economy prospers its households are expected to enjoy a good standard of living. On the
     contrary, a declining economy tends to lower the standards of living of people. This section
     uses indicators in terms of GDP per capita, income inequality, human development, as well as
     indigent households to show the POVERTY
                                          current reality of households residing in the Hessequa
     municipal area.

     The deteriorating financial health of households and individuals under the weight of economic
     pressures, specifically between 2011 and 2015, has resulted in an increase in the poverty levels,
     according to the Poverty Trends in South Africa report released by Statistics South Africa in
     2017. The report cites rising unemployment levels, low commodity prices, higher consumer
     prices, lower investment levels, household dependency on credit, and policy uncertainty as
     the key contributors to the economic decline in recent times. These recent findings indicate
     that the country will have to reduce poverty at a faster rate than previously planned.

     According to the report the categories of people vulnerable to poverty remained to be
     African females, children 17 years and younger, people from rural areas, and those with no
     education. Inflation-adjusted poverty lines show that food poverty increased from R219 in 2006
     to R531 per person per month in 2017. The lower-bound poverty line has increased from R370
     in 2006 to R758 per person per month in 2017 while the upper-bound poverty line has increased
     from R575 in 2006 to R1 138 per person per month in 2017.

12   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
GDPR PER CAPITA
     An increase in real GDPR per capita, i.e. GDPR per person, is experienced only if the real
     economic growth rate exceeds the population growth rate. Even though real GDP per capita
     reflects changes in the overall well-being of the population, not everyone within an economy
     will earn the same amount of money as estimated by the real GDPR per capita indicator.

                                      70 000
                                      60 000
                                      50 000
             GDPR per capita

                                      40 000
                                      30 000
                                      20 000
                                      10 000
                                           0
                                               2005   2006   2007   2008    2009    2010    2011    2012     2013   2014   2015   2016
                               Hessequa        37 647 38 403 40 111 42 280 41 574 41 817 42 600 43 030 43 499 44 078 43 536 43 081
                               Eden            40 996 42 519 44 554 45 909 44 976 45 267 46 188 46 764 47 297 47 666 47 571 47 181
                               Western Cape 54 363 56 550 59 251 60 656 58 845 59 197 60 423 61 095 61 648 61 935 61 794 61 199

     Source: Stats SA 2017, own calculations

     In 2016, the real GDPR per capita for Hessequa (R43 081) is well below the average real GDPR
     per capita rates for the Eden District as well as the Western Cape. An important observation is
     the decline in GDP per capita from 2014 to 2016 due to lower economic growth over this
     period.

     INCOME INEQUALITY
     The National Development Plan has set a target of reducing income inequality in South Africa
     from a Gini coefficient of 0.7 in 2010 to 0.6 by 2030. Income inequality has increased between
     2010 and 2016 with the exception of 2011, when it dropped to 0.51.

      0,65

      0,60

      0,55

      0,50

      0,45
                                          Hessequa                           Eden                              Western Cape
                                                      2010   2011    2012   2013     2014    2015     2016

     Source: Global Insight, 2017

     Income inequality levels were marginally lower in Hessequa than in the Eden District and the
     Western Cape despite the dominance of agriculture in the municipal area which indicates
     inequality between the incomes of farmers and farm workers. However, the income inequality
     levels in Hessequa for 2016 was lower than the 2030 target of the National Development Plan.
     Hessequa’s Gini coefficient was in 2016 calculated to be 0.56.

13   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
     The United Nations uses the Human Development Index (HDI) 1 to assess the relative level of
     socio-economic development in countries. Indicators that measure human development are
     education, housing, access to basic services and health.

         0,74

         0,72

         0,70

         0,68

         0,66

         0,64

         0,62

         0,60
                            Hessequa                                Eden                           Western Cape
                                          2010    2011    2012     2013    2014    2015     2016

     There has been a general increase in the HDI in Hessequa reaching the highest level of 0.71 in
     2016, as well as the Eden District and the whole of the Western Cape between 2011 and 2016.

     INDIGENT HOUSEHOLDS
     The objective of the indigent policies of municipalities is to alleviate poverty in economically
     disadvantaged communities and the Hessequa municipal area experienced an overall
     increase in the number of indigents between 2014 and 2016 showing an increase in the
     demand for municipal financial resources.

                            Area                                  2014                    2015                   2016
                         Hessequa                                 3 236                   5 089                  5 264
                       Eden District                             38 852                   43 789                43 882
                      Western Cape                               404 413               505 585                  516 321
     Source: Department of Local Government, 2017

     The overall number of indigent households have also increased in the Eden District between
     2014 and 2016 as well as in the Western Cape, indicating an increasing demand for indigent
     support from other areas within the District and the Province.

     1     The HDI is a composite indicator reflecting education levels, health, and income. It is a measure of peoples' ability
           to live a long and healthy life, to communicate, participate in the community and to have sufficient means to be
           able to afford a decent living. The HDI is represented by a number between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates a high
           level of human development and 0 represents no human development.

14   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
5
                  BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY

                                  BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY  5
     The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa states that every citizen has the right to access
     to adequate housing and that the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures
     within its available resources to achieve the progressive realisation of this right. Access to
     housing also includes access to services such as potable water, basic sanitation, safe energy
     sources and refuse removal services, to ensure that households enjoy a decent standard of
     living.

     This section reflects on housing and basic services access levels (Census 2011) and the
     incremental progress municipalities have made hereto within the last 5 years (Community
     Survey 2016).

15   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
HOUSEHOLDS
     In order to ensure basic service delivery to all, municipal
     budget allocations should be informed by credible and
     accurate assumptions regarding the number of households
     within a municipal area.

     Access to formal housing and services in Hessequa is
     measured against a total number of households of 15 873 in
     2011 and 17 371 in 2016. Hessequa reflects a relatively small
     portion, 9.2 per cent of the total households in the Eden
     District and the growth in the number of households are
     much slower than in the Eden District.

                                                                               Average           Average
                     Area                     2011             2016             annual         annual growth
                                                                               increase         2011 - 2016
                  Hessequa                   15 873           17 371             300               1.8%
                 Eden District               164 110          189 345           5 047              2.9%

     ACCESS TO HOUSING
      SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households with access to a formal dwelling.

                                                                                   Average         Average
                                                                    Total
                                                                                    annual          annual
                 Area                 2011             2016       change
                                                                                   change           growth
                                                                 2011 - 2016
                                                                                  2011 - 2016     2011 - 2016
              Hessequa               93.8%            95.8%           1 755             351          2.3%
             Eden District           83.8%            85.7%           24 878           4 976         3.4%

                                     The proportion of formal dwellings are reflecting an increasing
                                     trend in the Hessequa municipal area over the 2011 to
                                     2016 period in line to the overall trend in the Eden District
                                     which is increase.

16   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
ACCESS TO WATER
     Given the Western Cape’s current drought situation, great focus is currently placed on water
     availability and supply. This goes hand in hand with due consideration for water quality. Access
     to safe potable water is essential to prevent the contraction and spread of diseases and
     maintaining a healthy life.

      SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households with access to piped water inside the dwelling
      or yard or within 200 metres from the yard.

                                                                             Average       Average
                                                                 Total
                                                                              annual        annual
                 Area                 2011          2016       change
                                                                             change         growth
                                                              2011 - 2016
                                                                            2011 - 2016   2011 - 2016
              Hessequa                98%          90.6%          176           35           0.2%
             Eden District            97.6%        96.9%        23 188         4 638         2.7%

     Although Hessequa experienced an annual increase of household access to piped water
     (to within 200 metres of the yard) of approximately 35 households per annum between 2011
     and 2016, the proportion of households with overall access to piped water declined over this
     period from 98 per cent in 2011 to 90.6 per cent in 2016, indicating that access to piped water
     was unable to keep pace with the growth in the total number of households.

     ACCESS TO SANITATION
     Access to sanitation promotes health and dignity through the provision of safe disposal and
     treatment of human waste. Where sanitation systems are inadequate, negative health effects
     can be extremely serious. The current drought highlights challenges in the use of potable water
     within the sanitation services process.

      SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households with access to a flush or chemical toilet
      connected to the sewerage system.

                                                                             Average       Average
                                                                 Total
                                                                              annual        annual
                 Area                 2011          2016       change
                                                                             change         growth
                                                              2011 - 2016
                                                                            2011 - 2016   2011 - 2016
              Hessequa                90.8%        98.0%         2 603         521           3.4%
             Eden District            85.8%        94.3%        37 895         7 579         4.9%

     Hessequa experienced significant progress in household access to sanitation services as the
     proportion of households with access to acceptable standards of sanitation services
     increasing from 90.8 per cent in 2011 to 98.0 per cent in 2016. The Municipality was able to
     provide an additional 521 households with access annually; access growing at an average
     annual rate of 3.4 per cent.

17   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
     Energy is essential for human life; generally identified household uses include energy for
     cooking, heating and lighting. Energy sources also have usage risks; for example, health and
     safety risks especially in the use of paraffin and open flame usage. The information below
     relates to the use of electricity for lighting purposes.

      SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households with access to electricity as the primary source
      of lighting.

                                                                              Average       Average
                                                                  Total
                                                                               annual        annual
                 Area                 2011          2016        change
                                                                              change         growth
                                                               2011 - 2016
                                                                             2011 - 2016   2011 - 2016
               Hessequa               94.9%         97.3%         1 834         367           2.3%
             Eden District            91.1%         96.1%        32 538        6 508          4.0%

     The annual growth in household access to electricity of 1 834 outstripped the total household
     growth of approximately 1.8 per cent on average per annum. This coincides with an increase
     in the proportion of households with access to electricity, increasing from 94.9 per cent in 2011
     to 97.3 per cent in 2016.

     ACCESS TO REFUSE REMOVAL
     Refuse removal is an essential service that ensures that health related problems are kept at
     bay. A lack of or inadequate service is likely to result in uncontrolled and unregulated
     dumping. There are growing concerns around the land and environmental limitations in the
     creation and lifespan of landfill sites. This would benefit greatly from the ‘reduce – reuse –
     recycle’ approach, that firstly encourages non-wasteful consumption practices (reduce), the
     reuse of products where possible (reuse) and the recycling of the product where its use in
     current form has been exhausted (recycle).

      SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households who have waste removed by local authorities at
      least weekly.

                                                                              Average       Average
                                                                  Total
                                                                               annual        annual
                 Area                 2011          2016        change
                                                                              change         growth
                                                               2011 - 2016
                                                                             2011 - 2016   2011 - 2016
               Hessequa               78.7%         74.4%         429            86           0.7%
             Eden District            86.4%         88.8%        26 307        5 261          3.5%

     Although Hessequa experienced an annual increase of household access to waste removal
     by the local authority of 429 households weekly, the proportion of households with overall
     access to waste removal declined over this period from 78.7 per cent in 2011 to 74.4 per cent
     in 2016, indicating that access to waste removal was unable to keep pace with the growth in
     the total number of households.

18   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
6
                      SAFETY AND SECURITY

                                                         6
     The Constitution upholds the notion that everybody has the right to freedom and security of
     the person. The safety of persons and property is therefore vitally important to the physical and
     emotional well-being of people and business. Without the respect of person and property, it
     would be impossible for people to live peacefully, without fear of attack and for businesses to
     flourish.

     The extent of crime in South Africa
                                    SAFETYdoes  however not only have a significant impact on the
                                           AND SECURITY
     livelihood of citizens, but also affects the general economy. Crime hampers growth and
     discourages investment and capital accumulation. If not addressed with seriousness, it has the
     potential to derail both social and economic prosperity.

     People’s general impressions, as well as official statistics on safety and crime issues, mould
     perceptions of areas as living spaces or places in which to establish businesses. The discussion
     in this section that follows is limited to the reported contact and property-related crime such
     as murder and sexual crimes, as well as crime heavily dependent on police action for
     detecting drug-related crimes and driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs.

     Note: Percentage change calculation will differ from the actuals reflected due to rounding
     down to per 100 000 population.

     Data source: The data depicted in the following section was sourced from the 2017 Crime
     Statistics released by the South African Police Service (SAPS) in October 2017. Incidences of
     crime per 100 000 were calculated using actual crime and estimated population figures
     provided by SAPS. Also note that although the crime data contained in the following section
     is for ease of reference depicted as a single calendar year, it is in actual fact referring to
     criminal activity within a financial year i.e. incidences of murder for 2016 is referring to
     occurrences within the period April 2016 to March 2017.

     The information relating to fatal crashes and crash fatalities were sourced from the
     Department of Transport and Public Works.

19   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
MURDER
                                            Area                2016         2017        % Change

                                         Hessequa
                                                                 24           14            -40.7
                                       (per 100 000)

                                        Eden District
                                                                 32           28            -11.4
                                       (per 100 000)

     Definition: Murder is a social contact crime resulting in the loss of life of the victim, but excludes
     cases where the loss of life occurred as a result of a response to a crime, for example
     self-defence.
                                           Area                 2016           2017         % Change
     Crime remains a prominent issue in South Africa at a high socio-economic cost. Overall, the
                                          Hessequa
     country has a very high rate of murder    when compared24      to most countries.
                                                                              14          -40.7%
                                        (per 100 000)
     Within the Hessequa area, the murder rate showed a sharp decrease of 40.7 per cent from 24
                                         Eden District
     in 2016 to 14 in 2017 (per 100 000 (per
                                        population),               32         28          -11.4%
                                             100 000) in line with the decrease of the murder rate within
     the Eden District which declined by 11.4 per cent from 32 in 2016 to 28 in 2017. The Hessequa
     area has the lowest murder rate within the Eden District with 14 murders per 100 000 people in
     2017.

     SEXUAL OFFENCES
                                            Area                2016         2017        % Change

                                         Hessequa
                                                                 120          109            -9.0
                                       (per 100 000)

                                        Eden District
                                                                 146          161             9.8
                                       (per 100 000)

     Definition: Sexual offences includes rape (updated to the new definition of rape to provide for
     the inclusion of male rape), sex work, pornography, public indecency and human trafficking.

     The rate of sexual violence in South Africa is amongst the highest in the world. In addition, a
                                         Area               2016        2017       % Change
     number of sexual offence incidences often go unreported (as in the case of rape).

     The cases of sexual offences in theHessequa
                                         Hessequa area decreased
                                                            120    by 9.0109
                                                                          per cent from  120 in 2016
                                                                                      -9.0%
                                      (per 100 000)
     to 109 in 2017 (per 100 000 population),   whereas, the cases of sexual offences in the Eden
     District area overall increased Eden
                                        by 9.8  per cent from 146 in 2016 to 161 in 2017 (per
                                            District
                                                            146          161           9.8%
     100 000 population).             (per 100 000)

20   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
DRUG-RELATED CRIMES

                                            Area                2016         2017      % Change

                                         Hessequa
                                                                2 398        2 779         15.9
                                       (per 100 000)

                                        Eden District
                                                                1 520        1 691         11.2
                                       (per 100 000)

     Definition: Drug-related crimes refers to the situation where the perpetrator is found to be in
     possession of, under the influence of, or selling illegal drugs. This is a crime detected through
     police activity rather than reports by members of the public. An increase in crimes of this nature
     may therefore reflect an increase in police.

     Drug-related crimes have a negative impact on human development by degrading the
     quality of life as it infiltrates all aspects of society including families, health, the work
     environment and the economy. Drug-related crimes within the Hessequa area shows a sharp
     increase in 2017, up by 15.9 per cent from 2 398 cases in 2016 to 2 779 cases in 2017 (per 100 000
     population). The Eden District’s trend is also on an increasing trajectory, with drug-related
     crimes increasing by 11.2 per cent from 1520 in 2016 to 1691 in 2017 (per 100 000 population).

     DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE

                                            Area                2016         2017      % Change

                                         Hessequa
                                                                 159          165          3.9
                                       (per 100 000)

                                        Eden District
                                                                 237          223          -5.7
                                       (per 100 000)

     Definition: DUI refers to a situation where the driver of a vehicle is found to be over the legal
     blood alcohol limit. This is a crime detected through police activity rather than reports by
     members of the public.

     Despite concerted efforts by government our roads are still considered amongst the most
     dangerous in the world. Reckless driving and alcohol consumption remain the top reason for
     road accidents.

     The number of cases of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs in the Hessequa area
     show an increase of 3.9 per cent from 159 in 2016 to 165 in 2017 (per 100 000 population). In
     the Eden District area, the number of cases dropped by 5.7 per cent per cent from 237 in 2016
     to 223 in 2017 (per 100 000 population). In this instance, Hessequa’s cases of driving under the
     influence of drugs and alcohol remains below that of the District.

21   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
RESIDENTIAL BURGLARIES
                                             Area                2016          2017       % Change

                                           Hessequa
                                                                  573           587           2.3
                                         (per 100 000)

                                          Eden District
                                                                  939           876           -6.7
                                         (per 100 000)

     Definition: Residential burglary is defined as the unlawful entry of a residential structure with the
     intent to commit a crime, usually a theft.

     Given its regular occurrence and the psychological impact on victims, residential burglaries
     are an obstinate concern in South Africa. Residential burglary cases within the Hessequa area
     increased by 2.3 per cent from 573 in 2016 to 587 in 2017 (per 100 000 population). However,
     residential burglaries within the Eden District shows a decline of 6.7 per cent from 939 in 2016 to
     876 in 2017 (per 100 000 population).

     FATAL CRASHES

                                              Area               2015          2016       % Change

                                           Hessequa                22            18          -22.2

                                          Eden District            97           113          16.4

     Definition: A crash occurrence that caused immediate death to a road user i.e. death upon
     impact, flung from the wreckage, burnt to death etc.

     In 2015 there were a total of 22 fatal crashes involving motor vehicles, motorcycles, cyclists and
     pedestrians within the jurisdiction of the Hessequa Municipality. This number decreased by
     22.2 per cent to 18 in 2016. The number of fatal crashes in the broader Eden District increased
     by 16.4 per cent from 97 crashes in 2015 to 113 in 2016.

22   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
ROAD USER FATALITIES

                               Area                            2015          2016      % Change

                             Hessequa                           32            22          -31.3

                           Eden District                        137          126            -8

     Definition: The type of road user that died in or during a crash i.e. driver, cyclist, passengers,
     pedestrians.

     According to a recent study, the majority of road fatalities in Africa fall within the working age
     cohort - between the ages of 15 - 44 years - whilst three out of four fatalities were found to be
     male (Peden et al., 2013). The untimely death of these primary breadwinners therefore impacts
     directly upon not only the livelihood of family structures, but deprive society of active
     economic participants that contribute towards growth and development. The
     socio-economic impact of such road fatalities has proven to be particularly devastating in
     South Africa where the majority of road users hail from poor and vulnerable communities.

     The previous section specified that a total of 18 fatal crashes occurred within the Hessequa
     region in 2016. This gave rise to a total of 22 road users fatalities emanating from those crashes.
     This is 10 less deaths than the 32 recorded in 2015 which equates to a 31.25 per cent decrease
     in road user fatalities.

     Additional, lower-level information regarding the time, location, gender, ages of above
     specified crashes are available from the Department of Transport and Public Works upon
     request.

23   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
7
                               THE ECONOMY

                                     THE ECONOMY
     including, among others, procurement            7
     Economic activity within municipal boundaries is important as it shows the extent of human
     development and living standards of communities. Although municipalities have no power to
     increase or decrease taxes in order to stimulate economic activity, there are few levers that
     local government authorities have control over to contribute to economic performance,
                                            of goods and services, job creation through expanded
     public works programmes as well as creating an enabling environment for small businesses.

     The ability of households to pay for services such as water, electricity, sanitation, and refuse
     removal depends on income generated from economic activities. A slowdown in economic
     activity may result in job losses and inability of households to pay for services leading to
     reduced municipal revenues. Data on macroeconomic performance, especially the
     information on sectoral growth and employment, is useful for municipalities’ revenue and
     expenditure projections.

24   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
ECONOMIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE
     The Hessequa municipal area is the second smallest local economy within the Eden District,
     with regional gross domestic product amounting to R3.281 billion in 2015. Economic activity in
     the Hessequa municipal area is dominated by the tertiary sector which amounted to
     R2.173 billion (or 66.2 per cent) in 2015. The tertiary sector is estimated to have grown by
     1.6 per cent in 2016, boosted by the finance, insurance, real estate and business services
     sector and the wholesale, retail trade, catering and accommodation sector (see table
     below). The finance, insurance, real estate and business services sector recorded an average
     growth of 4.7 per cent between 2005 and 2015, and has continuously reported growth rates
     above 3 per cent post the 2008 recession. The sector that recorded negative growth in 2015
     for the tertiary sector were the general government (-0.1 per cent).

     The secondary sector has also been recovering from the 2008 recession albeit at a slower
     pace. The secondary sector, which totalled R737.8 million in 2015 (or 22.4 per cent of the Eden
     District economy), grew by an average of 2.8 per cent between 2005 and 2015. Real GDPR
     growth for the secondary sector has been decreasing from 2012, with a recording of 0 per cent
     growth estimated for 2016. The secondary sector within the Hessequa municipal economy is
     largely supported by the manufacturing sector which recorded a growth rate of 4.1 per cent
     between 2005 and 2015. However, this high growth in the manufacturing sector slowed down
     in 2016 to 2 per cent. The primary sector, which totalled R369.8 million (or 11.2 per cent) in 2015,
     continues to struggle in terms of growth. The agriculture, forestry and fishing subsector,
     recorded 6 per cent growth in 2014 but contracted significantly in 2015 and 2016.

                                Hessequa GDPR performance per sector, 2005 - 2016
                              Contribution   R million
                                                                     Trend                    Real GDPR growth (%)
                              to GDPR (%)     value
      Sector                      2015         2015      2005 - 2015 2010 - 2015    2011   2012   2013    2014   2015       2016e
      Primary Sector              11.3         369.8          1.0            0.8    -0.2    0.1    1.5     6.0       -3.6    -8.9
      Agriculture, forestry       11.0         360.9          1.0            0.7    -0.2    0.2    1.5     6.0       -3.7    -8.9
      and fishing
      Mining and quarrying         0.3           8.9          -1.7           1.0     1.0   -0.8    1.0     5.1       -1.5    -8.1
      Secondary Sector            22.5         737.8          2.8            1.7     1.2    2.0    3.1     1.6       0.4      0.0
      Manufacturing               13.4         438.7          4.1            3.2     4.7    3.6    4.3     1.9       1.7      2.0
      Electricity, gas and         2.3          75.4          -3.5           -3.1   -1.2   -3.4    -3.9   -3.4       -3.8    -8.0
      water
      Construction                 6.8         223.7          2.7            -0.3   -5.4    0.2    2.6     2.3       -1.3    -2.7
      Tertiary Sector             66.2       2 173.8          3.9            3.5     4.8    3.8    3.5     2.9       2.6      1.6
      Wholesale and retail        19.4         637.3          3.5            3.3     4.8    4.3    2.8     2.4       2.4      1.2
      trade, catering and
      accommodation
      Transport, storage          11.2         368.5          4.5            4.0     5.2    4.0    4.4     4.4       1.8      1.0
      and communication
      Finance, insurance,         20.8         682.5          4.7            4.0     5.0    3.9    3.7     3.2       4.4      2.6
      real estate and
      business services
      General government           8.5         279.8          2.6            2.5     4.8    2.3    3.5     2.0       -0.1     0.5
      Community, social            6.3         205.7          3.0            2.7     3.8    3.4    3.0     2.1       1.4      0.9
      and personal
      services
      Total Hessequa             100.0       3 281.5          3.2            2.7     3.3    2.9    3.1     3.1       1.3     -0.1
     Source: Quantec Research, 2017 (e denotes estimate)

25   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
LABOUR
     There were approximately 24 921 people employed within the Hessequa municipal area in
     2015, translating to 11.1 per cent of employment in the Eden District. The area is the third
     smallest employer in the District, before Bitou and Kannaland municipal areas.

     The tertiary sector employed 16 186 people (or 64.9 per cent) in 2015, and most of the jobs
     were in the wholesale and retail trade, catering and accommodation subsector (17 263 or
     27.3 per cent), followed by finance, insurance, real estate and business services 3 091 or
     12.4 per cent) and the community, social and personal services (2 954 or 11.9 per cent). The
     difference between jobs created and jobs lost (net employment) has remained positive for
     the tertiary sector from 2011 to 2015 but are estimated to be negative in 2016 with
     approximately 118 jobs lost in 2016.

                               Hessequa employment growth per sector, 2005 - 2016
                              Contribution to
                               employment       Number            Trend                     Employment (net change)
                                   (%)          of jobs
      Sector                       2015          2015     2005 - 2015 2010 - 2015   2011   2012   2013    2014   2015    2016e
      Primary Sector                 17.6         4 378      -1 367        885      -138    243    198    -226    808     -66
      Agriculture, forestry          17.5         4 359      -1 355        892      -138    243    205    -225    807      -65
      and fishing
      Mining and quarrying            0.1           19          -12          -7        -      -      -7     -1      1       -1
      Secondary Sector               17.5         4 357        113         356        22    -22    125     108    123     -70
      Manufacturing                   8.0         1 992          81        129        17    -54    116     -24     74      -27
      Electricity, gas and            0.2           56            5           8        4     -1      -1     -1      7       -1
      water
      Construction                    9.3         2 309          27        219         1     33     10     133     42      -42
      Tertiary Sector                64.9        16 186       4 775       3 063      444    543    717     613    746    -118
      Wholesale and retail           27.3         6 814       1 352       1 171      223    260    197     236    255      -72
      trade, catering and
      accommodation
      Transport, storage              6.1         1 511        821         417        29     93    123      11    161     -121
      and communication
      Finance, insurance,            12.4         3 091       1 297        737       103     93    146     136    259      68
      real estate and
      business services
      General government              7.3         1 816        380         133        66     23     14      91     -61     21
      Community, social              11.9         2 954        925         605        23     74    237     139    132      -14
      and personal services
      Total Hessequa                  100        24 921       4 512       4 304      328    764   1 040    495   1 677   -254

     Source: Quantec Research, 2017 (e denotes estimate)

     The primary sector in the Hessequa municipal economy employed 4 378 people (or
     17.6 per cent) in 2015, with most of the jobs falling under the agriculture, forestry and fishing
     sector (4 359). Although agriculture, forestry and fishing recorded negative employment
     growth rates between 2005 and 2015, the subsector employed the second highest number of
     people after the finance, insurance, real estate and business services subsector. However, the
     current drought situation is having negative impact on employment in the agriculture, forestry
     and fishing subsector. In 2016, it is estimated that there were 66 less people employed in this
     sector.

26   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
Unemployment Rates for the Western Cape (%)

      Area             2005    2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014   2015   2016

      Hessequa           7.5    7.1    7.5    7.3    7.7    7.8    8.1    8.5    8.2    8.6    8.8    9.5

      Eden              16.6   16.0   16.1   15.5   15.9   16.1   16.5   17.0   16.6   17.1   17.8   18.7

      Western Cape      16.5   15.8   15.7   15.3   15.8   16.1   16.4   17.0   16.7   17.2   17.8   18.7

     Source: Quantec, 2017

     Unemployment has been steadily rising in the Hessequa municipal area over the last decade,
     with an unemployment rate of 8.8 per cent recorded in 2015. In 2016, the unemployment rate
     of the Hessequa municipal area is estimated to have increased to 9.5 per cent, which is
     significantly lower than that of the Eden District and the Province (18.7 per cent).

27   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
8
        INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

     at national level but alsoINFRASTRUCTURE                8
     As Economic theory and empirical work suggest that public investment in infrastructure will
     boost economic growth by stimulating related private sector investments – the so-called
     “crowding-in effect” – as well as providing a solid foundation for social development
     (Swilling, 2006). In South Africa the importance of infrastructure has not only been emphasised
                                at regional level. DEVELOPMENT
                                                   The Western Cape Government’s main infrastructure
     budgets and investment, both in social and economic infrastructure over the 2017 MTEF,
     includes spending by provincial government departments and public entities; as well as
     spending on public private partnerships.

     In the Western Cape, the region needs efficient transport systems, water and sanitation,
     telecommunications and power supplies in order to influence the standard of living of their
     populations and regional economic growth. There is, thus, a pressing need to determine
     whether government’s strategy on infrastructure investment will yield the desired economic
     growth benefits at micro (i.e. project or sector level) or at national or macro level.

28   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
PROVINCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SPEND
     Empirical evidence at a National level has shown that investment in economic infrastructure
     has a positive impact on economic growth. This growth however depends crucially on
     provincial and municipal performance. All municipalities are tasked with basic service delivery
     objectives in order to stimulate local economic development. Population growth and
     deteriorating infrastructure has continued to place strain on infrastructure budgets. The
     objective of this section is to determine if there is a relationship between infrastructure
     investment and growth in the Eden District and to show the success the region has had in
     providing infrastructure.
                                          West Coast
                                         R731.5 million
                                   Overberg 9%                       Across districts
                                 R416.0 million                       R2.6 billion
                                      5%                                  30%
                                   Eden
                                  R1 billion
                                    12%

                                                                      Cape Winelands
                             City of Cape Town                            R1.3 billion
                                 R2.4 billion                Central Karoo 15%
                                     28%                     R127.7 million
                                                                  1%

     Source: Provincial Treasury, 2017

     In fulfilment of Provincial Strategic Goal 1 (PSG 1: Grow the economy and create jobs), the
     Western Cape Government has dedicated R28.0 billion towards infrastructure development
     across the 2017 Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF). This amount will be spent on new
     assets, replacements assets maintenance and repairs, upgrades and additions, rehabilitation,
     renovation as well as the refurbishment of existing assets (Western Cape Estimates of Provincial
     Revenue and Expenditure, 2017). Of this total, an amount of R26.1 billion has been set aside
     for physical infrastructure developments whilst R231.0 million and R1.7 billion will respectively
     be channelled towards broadband connectivity and public private partnerships.

     The total Provincial Infrastructure budget for 2017/18 amounts to R8.6 billion which will be split
     amongst the various municipal districts by taking into consideration a wide array of
     socio-economic variables, most notably anticipated population growth trends as well as
     estimated economic growth potential, the latter being influenced largely by the 2014 Growth
     Potential Study of Towns (Donaldson et al, 2014).

     For the financial year 2017/18, the City of Cape Town assumes the majority of the Western
     Cape’s infrastructure allocations with an estimated infrastructure spend of R2.4 billion
     (28 per cent of the Provincial allocation). The Eden region is another notable receiver of
     Infrastructure funding with approximately R1.3 billion (15 per cent) allocated from the
     Provincial Government.

29   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
Provincial Infrastructure Allocations: Eden
     With the growing emphasis on infrastructure investments within the Eden District have
     continued in their efforts to improve infrastructure availability. Some municipalities have had
     relatively more success in addressing backlogs within their jurisdictions than others. The results
     of the 2014 Growth Potential of towns study conducted by Donaldson et al (2014) revealed
     that the best performing municipalities in the Eden District using the Infrastructure index2 are
     Mossel Bay, Hessequa and George Municipality. Oudtshoorn and Knysna Municipality were
     rated as medium performers whilst Kannaland and Bitou were rated low according to the
     infrastructure index.

                              Eden                                   Mossel
         Vote                               Kannaland   Hessequa                  George     Oudtshoorn       Bitou       Knysna
                             District                                 Bay

         CapeNature                     -           -           -             -          -              -             -         -

         Education                      -           -      15 800       21 000     33 300               -             -    31 008

         Health                         -         250                      856     37 931               -             -     3 500

         Human                          -       2 030      22 200       25 500     65 800         35 066      40 374       74 134
         Settlements

         Public Works         24 460                -           -             -    22 161               -             -         -

         Roads               198 049            4 400      84 200       71 000     69 000        145 453       2 000            -

         Social                         -           -           -             -          -              -             -         -
         Development

         Total               222 509            6 680     122 200     118 356     228 192        180 519      42 374      108 642

     Source: Provincial Treasury, 2017

     The Provincial expenditure on infrastructure is concentrated in George (R228.2 million) followed
     by Oudtshoorn (R180.5 million). The region’s economic powerhouse George Municipality
     (accounts for 40.0 per cent of Eden’s GDP as of 2015) naturally accounts for the large share of
     Eden’s budgeted Provincial Infrastructure spend. Provincial Government infrastructure spend
     in Hessequa in 2017/18 amount to R122.2 million, the majority of which (R84.2 million) will also
     be directed towards road projects (economic infrastructure).

     2     Their final core indicators where vacant industrial stands, distance to nearest scheduled airport, distance to nearest
           small harbour and slipway, percentage households with in-house access to water, percentage household with
           access to electricity, and spare capacity of waste water treatment works (WWTW) (Donaldson 2010:66).

30   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
The following table lists the Top 10 2017/18 capital projects (in terms of value) that contribute
     to Hessequa’s total infrastructure allocation.

                                                                                              R’000
      Sector           Project/Programme Name
                                                                               2017/18       2018/19        2019/20

      Transport        C989 N2 - Stilbaai                                         64 000         3 000                -

      Education        Panorama PS N1                                             15 500        25 000          3 000

      Education        Gerrit Du Plessis SS                                              -       2 000         17 000

      Human            3046-02 - Still Bay Melkhoutfontein North (170 units)      16 800                -             -
      Settlements      IRDP4

      Transport        C1052.4 Flood damage repairs Riversdale East               15 000              400             -
                       area

      Education        De Waalville PS                                               300         2 000          5 000

      Transport        C1052.3 Heidelberg area                                     5 000              500             -

      Human            3583-xx01 - ISSP Heidelberg Pockets 1 - 5                   4 312                -             -
      Settlements      (88 services) UISP

      Human            3540 - Heidelberg Site 4 (250 services - 250 units)           650                -             -
      Settlements      IRDP

      Transport        C1054.4 Gourits bridge & Albertinia area                      200                -             -

     Source: Provincial Treasury, 2017

     Provincial Government infrastructure spend in Hessequa amounts to R121.762 million in
     2017/18, the bulk (R84.20 million) will be directed towards road projects (economic
     infrastructure). The major project to be funded through this allocation include the N2 towards
     Stilbaai project (R64.0 million in 2017/18). Next follows flood damage repairs in Riversdale and
     Heidelberg to the amount of R20 million in total.

     MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE SPEND
     National and Provincial Transfers
     The main source of infrastructure funding at municipal level mostly emanate from either
     internal (own) revenue sources and National or Provincial Government in the form of grants.
     These grants are complimentary to municipal own funding and are aimed to address historical
     social and economic infrastructure backlogs.

     The following table contains the total capital transfers and grants allocated to the Hessequa
     Municipality from National and Provincial Government in 2017/18. The information depicted
     below was obtained from the budget schedules within the Municipality’s 2017/18 approved
     budget. The names of specific grants may therefore differ from their official wording.

31   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
2017/18 Medium Term Revenue
                                                 Audited Outcomes         Current
                                                                                      and Expenditure Framework
      Funding Source                                                       Year
      R thousand                            2013/14   2014/15   2015/16   2016/17    2017/18   2018/19   2019/20

      National Government                   12 962    16 498    56 115    42 977     14 722    15 642     17 189

      Municipal Infrastructure (MIG)         7 403     9 942    13 332    12 372     13 122    13 642     14 189

      Public Transport and Systems               -                               -

      Integrated National Electrification    1 771                               -    1 000     2 000      3 000
      Programme

      Flood Disaster                         2 897     6 356    39 325    30 000

      Department of Minerals and                 -                               -
      Energy (the dme)

      Regional Bulk Infrastructure               -                               -

      Expanded Public Works                    855                             605      600
      Programme

      Department of Water Affairs                -       200     3 458           -

      Municipal Systems Improvement                                              -

      Financial Management Grant                37                               -

      Provincial Government                  2 242                         2 329        194       211       206

      PGWC: Flood Disaster                   2 061                               -

      PGWC: Municipal Infrastructure             -                               -
      Grant

      PGWC: Housing                              -                               -

      PGWC: Transport                            -                               -

      Library Conditional Grant                  -                             229      194       211       206

      PGWC: Libraries                          181                               -

      PGWC: Fire Service Capacity                -                         1 200
      Building Grant

      PGWC: Fire Service Capacity                -                             900
      Building Grant: Donations in kind

      Other Grant Providers                                                                     2 500

      Public Contributions: Eureka Mills                                                        2 500

      Total Capital Transfers and Grants    15 205    16 498    56 115    45 306     14 917    18 353    17 395

     Source: Hessequa Municipality, 2017/18 Approved Budget Schedules (SA18)

     The Municipality receives substantial support from National Government in the form of the
     Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) which should exclusively be applied towards
     infrastructure for the delivery of basic services. MIG funding allocations should be applied
     towards upgrading and building new infrastructure or to rehabilitate existing infrastructure. The
     MIG allocation for the Municipality amounted to R13.122 million in 2017/18 and will gradually
     increase to R14.189 million in 2019/20. The Municipality are also estimated to receive R1.0 million
     in the form of the Integrated National Electrification Programme (INEP) grant to be used for
     the roll-out of bulk electricity infrastructure.

32   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
The Municipality will apply the allocations received from above specified funding sources to
     prioritise the following projects for 2017/18:

                                                                                  R’000
      Sector         Project Description
                                                                      2017/18    2018/19      2019/20

      Sanitation     Upgrading of Sewerage Works – Phase 2 -             7 923    11 296        3 085
                     Riversdale

      Water          New Bulk Water – 550 Low cost Housing –             5 200            -         -
                     MHFT - Stilbaai

      Sanitation     Upgrade sewerage works – S/B                        3 500     3 500            -

      Electricity    Substasie by hoof invoer punt Eskom -               2 817            -         -
                     Riversdal

      Roads          Paving of Gravel Roads Trevor Waterboer             1 800            -         -
                     street – A/B

      Water          New Reservoir Platbos – Phase 1 – Stilbaai –        2 800     3 000        1 000
                     (GLS) Water Storage Augmentation -
                     Gouritsmond

      Roads          Reseal Van Riebeeck Street – R/D Replace old        2 540            -         -
                     network – Stilbaai

      Sewerage       Upgrading of Sewerage works - Gouritsmond           1 100     1 900            -

      Roads          Upgrade Strandstraat – JFT                          1 100     1 500            -

      Sanitation     Upgrade Existing Gravity – GLS Development          4 093     2 494            -
                     Bulk Sewer Upgrade Phase 1 (GLS) – Stilbaai
                     Bulk Sewer Upgrade Phase 2 (GLS) – Stilbaai
                     Collector Sewer Upgrade (GLS) - Stilbaai

     Source: Hessequa Municipality, 2017/18 Approved Budget Schedules (SA36)

     It is clear that the Municipality is focussing on the provision of basic services, evident from the
     fact that the 8 of the Top 10 projects listed above relates to either sanitation, electricity or
     water infrastructure (social infrastructure). These projects all align to the Municipality’s
     developmental needs outlined within the 2017/18 Integrated Development Plan (IDP).

33   2017 Socio-economic Profile: Hessequa Municipality
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