ITN-ETN 642612 - VPH-CASE

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ITN-ETN 642612 - VPH-CASE
Ref. Ares(2015)2047482 - 14/05/2015
                               VPH-CaSE:

                     Virtual Physiological Human –
                      Cardiovascular Simulation and                                     !
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                 Experimentation for Personalised Medical
                                 Devices

                            ITN-ETN 642612

                        Horizon 2020:
    The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation

                            MSCA-ITN-2014-ETN:
         Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-ETN)

                          Work Package: WP5
                                  Training
                             Deliverable: D5.1
                           Skills requirements
                                Version: 1.0
                             Date: 25-Mar-15
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ITN-ETN 642612 - VPH-CASE
MSCA-ITN-2014-ETN:– 642612, VPH-CaSE
                                                  WP5: Training
                                             D5.1: Skills requirements
                                                   Version: 1.0
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                                                 Date: 25-Mar-15
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DOCUMENT)INFORMATION)
IST Project Num              MSCA-ITN-2014-ETN: – 642612                      Acronym                 VPH-CaSE
Full title                   Virtual Physiological Human –
                             Cardiovascular Simulation and Experimentation for Personalised Medical
                             Devices
Project URL                  http://www.vph-case.eu
EU Project officer Sergio Mastropierro

Work package                 Number 5                Title     Training

Deliverable                  Number 5.1              Title     Skills requirements

Date of delivery             Contractual         31/03/2015               Actual            27/03/2015
Status                       Version 1.0                                  Final 
Nature                       Prototype  Report  Dissemination  Other 
Dissemination                Public (PU)                    Restricted to other Programme Participants (PP) 
Level                        Consortium (CO)                Restricted to specified group (RE) 

Authors (Partner)            Gabriele Dubini, John Fenner, Norman Powell
Responsible                  Andrew Narracott                 Email       a.j.narracott@sheffield.ac.uk
Author
                             Partner USFD                     Phone 0044 114 2713687

Abstract (for
dissemination)            This document presents the skills profile defined for the Early Stage Researchers (ESRs)
                          who will be recruited as part of the VPH-CaSE Marie Curie European Training Network.
                          The document places this profile in the context of the training programme to be delivered
                          by VPH-CaSE and describes the process by which the effectiveness of the training
                          programme will be monitored, ensuring that training events will develop appropriate skills
                          in the ESR cohort.

Keywords                  Training, Skills, Early Stage Researchers

    The information in this document is provided as is and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any
     particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability. Its owner is not liable for damages
                            resulting from the use of erroneous or incomplete confidential information.

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Version Log
Issue Date    Version       Author        Change
17/02/2015    0.0           AJN           Initial draft and structure
20/03/2015    0.1           AJN/NP        Incorporation of Supervisory Board feedback,
                                          compiled by NP
24/03/2015    0.2           AJN/JWF       Incorporation of JWF comments
25/03/2015    1.0           AJN/GD        Incorporation of GD comments
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Contents'

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 5!

1! Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6!

2! Reference list of VPH-CaSE ESR skills profile .................................................................. 9!

3! VPH-CaSE network-wide training programme ................................................................. 10!

4! Feedback from the VPH-CaSE Supervisory Board ........................................................... 16!

    4.1! Summary of ‘skills gap’ feedback ............................................................................... 17!

5! Template ESR personal career development plan ............................................................. 19!

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EXECUTIVE'SUMMARY'
This document presents the skills profile defined for the Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) who
will be recruited as part of the VPH-CaSE Marie Curie European Training Network. The
document places this profile in the context of the training programme to be delivered by
VPH-CaSE and describes the process by which the effectiveness of the training programme
will be monitored, ensuring that training events will develop appropriate skills in the ESR
cohort.

Details of the ESR skills profile and the network training programme were made available to
the project Supervisory Board (membership of which is described in D1.1) for review and
feedback. A summary of specific recommendations from the Supervisory Board resulting
from this review process are provided in this document.

This document also provides a template for the Personal Career Development Plan, which
plays a guiding role in ESR development within VPH-CaSE. The template will be used by
each ESR to support a training needs analysis in Year 1 and 2 of their Individual Research
Project (IRP) and to produce a personal skills portfolio in Year 2 and 3 of their IRP. The
process is designed to promote an understanding of the importance of continuing professional
development, to foster CV writing skills and to prepare them for the world of employment
beyond VPH-CaSE. In addition to defining local training needs, outcomes from the ESR
training needs analysis will be monitored by the project Steering Committee and used to
inform the network-wide elements of the training programme.

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1 INTRODUCTION'
The demand for medical technology is reflected in the size of the European industry which employs
nearly 575,000 people in ~25,000 companies of which ~95% are SMEs. This industry covers a
market size of ~€100 billion of which ~ €4 billion is re-invested in Research and Development1.
Medical devices and technologies play a significant role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease
(CVD) but there remains a need for new, and better tailored, devices; CVD still accounts for 47%
of all deaths in Europe with an estimated cost to the EU economy of almost €196 billion a year2.

The use of modelling and simulation to optimise medical device design for an individual (patient-
specific approaches) is already widely-practiced in cardiovascular medicine (from
pharmacokinetics in drug delivery to device sizing in prosthetic implants) and is steadily being
extended to leverage the power of ICT to enhance personalisation through individually-tailored
therapies (optimised LVAD design and tuning, for example). Modelling and simulation
approaches have been consolidated at the international level through the IUPS Physiome and, in
Europe through the Virtual Physiological Human (VPH) research initiative. VPH research is
focussed on the improvement of healthcare outcomes and the reduction of the burden of disease,
both of which are increasingly important in the context of an ageing European population. To
achieve substantial impact on clinical practice, VPH research requires not only the combined
expertise of groups developing supporting technologies and of clinical and industrial end-users, but
also active engagement of these groups through an evolving multi-disciplinary environment.

The European Training Network (ETN): VPH-Cardiovascular Simulation and Experimentation for
Personalised Medical Devices (VPH-CaSE) brings together expertise from the industrial, academic
and clinical sectors and exploits associations with the VPH Initiative, capitalising on the investment
made by the EC to bring the VPH to its current state of maturity. The cross-sectorial nature of the
network Beneficiaries and Partners is designed to ensure that the ETN meets the needs of both the
industries which will exploit these technologies and the clinical end-users. This research area is an
excellent vehicle for the training of young, dynamic and ambitious researchers and provides a
diverse portfolio of Researcher Skills due to the inherently multi-disciplinary VPH approach. The
resulting skills will ensure that ESRs are attractive to employers within both academia and the
medical technology industry.

The ETN will deliver an innovative training programme providing training-by-research for 14
Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) who will undertake Individual Research Projects (IRPs) to extend
the state-of-the-art in this research domain. VPH-CaSE recognises that central to the success of
fundamental research is the requirement to sustain effort across disciplinary boundaries supported
by translation of research results to end-users. The training programme will foster the development
of ESRs within a nurturing and collaborative research environment, closely informed by the needs
of industry and the clinic. The objectives of VPH-CaSE are as follows;
    • to advance the state-of-the-art in personalised cardiovascular medical device design by
        addressing specific research questions that are also key issues highlighted by the Medical
        Devices Industry and Regulatory Agencies
    • to ensure the committed participation of industry in the ETN, working together to

1   http://www.eucomed.org/uploads/Modules/Publications/20131002-eucomed-about_eucomed_tript_a5_update2013_v02_pbp.pdf
2   http://www.ehnheart.org/cvd-statistics.html

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        investigate cutting-edge issues for R&D in the Medical Devices Industry and equipping
        researchers with skill profiles based on a thorough understanding of the sectorial needs
        within academia and industry,
    •   to provide ESRs with an enviable skills mix, making them attractive to both academia and
        industry, preparing them for a competitive employment market and individually balancing
        technical and complementary skills training,
    •   to establish new, and strengthen existing, collaboration, both within the Network and
        between the Network and the wider community using simulation tools for personalised
        medical devices
These will be achieved through a coordinated Research Training Programme (RTP), comprising:
   • A Personal Career Development Plan for each researcher that guides their participation in
       RTP elements that best suit their individual needs.
   • World-class training-through-research under supervision, by means of Individual Research
       Projects (IRPs) within the framework of the research topics defined by the Network.
   • Network-Wide Training activities (both structured courses and more open content) in both
       scientific and complementary skills, designed to maximise added-value through joint
       development and availability of local training to other Network members.
   • Guidance of Network activity by a Supervisory Board consisting of VPH-CaSE
       Beneficiaries, Partners and external representatives from both the medical device and
       simulation industries and the clinic.
Additional activities will be undertaken to promote VPH-CaSE and enhance the experience of the
researchers involved:
    • Specialist input from Beneficiaries and Partners from the clinical and industrial sectors to
        the RTP through a comprehensive programme of secondments.
    • Collaboration with other VPH research projects, exchange of ‘best practice’, transfer of
        knowledge and contribution to model repositories (e.g. ‘VPH ToolKit’) through
        interactions with the VPH Institute.
    • Public dissemination events that promote mutual respect and exchange of information
        between researchers and the public.
The VPH-CaSE consortium is well placed to address the challenges associated with providing
training in the multi-disciplinary area of cardiovascular, personalised medical devices through VPH
research, bringing together academic groups with a strong track-record in cardiovascular research
and development of supporting technologies. Strong collaborative links and synergies are central to
the design of VPH-CaSE, ensuring added-value will be generated by the activities of the network.
Consortium membership clearly demonstrates the commitment of industry, fundamental to the
sustainability of research outputs. The importance of clinical input to direct research projects is
reflected by the involvement of clinical Partners, consolidating the existing collaborative links
between these centres and VPH-CaSE Beneficiaries.
The document describes the context of skills training and employability factors to be considered
when refining the implementation of the VPH-CaSE training programme. Section 2 provides a
reference list of researcher skills which has been reviewed and refined with input from the
VPH-CaSE Supervisory Board (see D1.1 for details of Supervisory Board membership). The
VPH-CaSE network-wide training programme is detailed in section 3, identifying how specific

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researcher skills will be fostered through delivery of each event. Section 4 reports feedback from
the VPH-CaSE Supervisory Board which will be used to inform implementation of the training
programme and a template for the ESR Personal Career Development Plan is provided in section 5.
This will form the basis for monitoring and reporting development of researcher skills throughout
the implementation of VPH-CaSE.

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       2 REFERENCE'LIST'OF'VPH
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3 VPH
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beyond the experience of the secondments planned for each IRP. In addition to formal
training this will provide opportunities for informal networking and, for the later training
events, will promote consideration of future career paths. These opportunities will also be
used to explore collaboration beyond the initial scope of the IRPs. To facilitate this process,
Partners will be kept informed of IRP progress through dissemination of newsletters and
deliverables to the Supervisory Board.

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Training activities: A list of the Network-Wide Training (NWT) activities to be delivered during
the period of VPH-CaSE effort is provided, along with the specific features of each training event in
the following section. The design of these activities is targeted to address a number of issues:
    •   Provide training to bridge ‘skills gaps’ identified by the ESR Personal Career Development
        Plan
    •   Provide an environment for ESRs to develop a collaborative approach to research, resulting
        in increased impact of the outputs from the IRPs
    •   Provide an opportunity for ESRs to engage with industrial and clinical experts to receive
        both training and an appreciation of the specific requirements arising from these sectors
    •   Provide an opportunity for ESRs to benefit from training by external visiting experts

TA1: Intro event: preliminary skills, networking

Description: This event will take place over two days in Primary skills addressed:
Sheffield, once all ESRs have been recruited to allow ESRs to
gain an understanding of their IRP topic prior to participation in
the event. The training activities will focus on complementary           Communication
skills, as ESRs will still be in the process of becoming familiar Skills/Personal Effectiveness
with the technical requirements of their IRP. The event will              (Presentation,
provide an opportunity for all ESRs to meet for the first time and       Communication)
will promote network cohesion and interactions between
VPH-CaSE institutions. In particular, the event will provide
training in issues associated with ethical use of research data and    Research & Project
provide ESRs with information related to the management and         Management  (Management,
reporting requirements of VPH-CaSE, promoting understanding                Governance)
of project management.
    •   LTO will provide a case study: ‘What is it like to           Career Management (Career
        operate as an SME?’                                                  Planning)
    •   Training will be provided in the ethical use of clinical
        data: STH research governance case study
    •   Interactions will take place with USFD Industrial            Commercial Exploitation of
        Knowledge Forge event: local engagement with                  Results, Entrepreneurship
        Industry

Sheffield Healthcare Gateway (http://shg.sheffield.ac.uk/) will
provide a talk on commercialisation of research outputs, aspects
to consider when starting a research programme.

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TA2: Summer school 1: Modelling techniques, Clinical translation

Description: This event will take place over a week in Milan,       Primary skills addressed:
after ESRs have undertaken preliminary research in the area of               Modelling
their IRP. Training will be delivered to address the issues
associated with: i) patient-specific modelling approaches           Computational fluid dynamics
including the generation of patient-specific models from            of complex flows, 3D finite
imaging data, ii) 3D modelling of solid and fluid systems in the    element modelling, Multi-scale
framework of medical device design and development, and             modelling.     Generation   of
iii) multi-scale and multi-physics modelling for device design.     numerical models from patient-
The School will also leverage the expertise of MEDTRONIC            specific imaging data and CAD
and SORIN, the two most important medical device companies          models of devices.
in Italy. Thus two full-day visits to their production sites will      Translational methods
complement the theoretical training. At this stage ESRs will be
familiar with the topic of their IRPs and this will provide an      Medical devices assessment
opportunity for the researchers to identify potential educational   and efficacy measures. Design
outputs arising from their research.                                of clinical trial to assess
                                                                    medical       device    safety.
    •   SORIN: tour of Sorin Cardiopulmonary Unit facilities in Identifying              industrial
        Mirandola (MO, Italy)                                       needs/translation to solutions.
    •   MEDTRONIC: tour of Medtronic Invatec facilities in Regulatory aspects – from
        Roncadelle (BS, Italy): training on regulatory aspects      bench to market
    •   THERENVA will provide training on segmentation
                                                                       Industrial perspectives
        techniques: CT scans to patient-specific models and
        medical device software                                     Knowledge of manufacturing
    •   ANSYS will provide training on optimisation materials and methods. Project
        techniques for biomechanical modelling                      planning for industrial task
    •   LBBL will provide teaching on biomaterials for smart prioritisation. Understanding
        stents as sensors in vivo for monitoring cardiac market needs and requirements.
        physiological stresses and strains and pseudo- Cost awareness
        physiological bioreactors able to self-regulate, controlled
        by genetic algorithm, inspired by foetal growth

Outreach links are anticipated with the Conference of the Italian
National Group of Bioengineers (GNB, June/July 2016, Genoa).

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TA3: Summer school 2: Experimental techniques, Clinical translation

Description: This event will take place over a week in                Primary skills addressed:
Eindhoven. It will build on the experience of TA2 to                         Communication
complement modelling and simulation skills with experimental          Skills/Personal Effectiveness
approaches. Hosting the event at TUe will facilitate interactions             (Presentation,
with industry: Lifetec (Beneficiary) and ESAOTE (Partner).                   Communication)
The training event will allow ESRs to observe the PhysioHeart
platform, providing state-of-the-art training in experimental            Experimentation and
measurement of cardiac physiology and patho-physiology.                       validation
Additional training activities will address other skills associated   Experimental measurement of
with     experimental       techniques    including      ultrasound   physiological            cardiac
measurements, leveraging the expertise of associated partner          function/effect of mechanical
ESAOTE. Complementary skills of ESRs will also be                     circulatory support. Ultrasound
developed both directly, through the delivery of structured           methods for strain imaging
training material, and indirectly, as ESRs will be required to
present the results of experimental outcomes at a concluding             Translational methods
session of the summer school. Exemplars of clinical translation       Clinical study design and the
will be explored, with focus on previous VPH projects,                formulation of trials and
supported by the direct contribution from clinical Partners to this   experiments       in    medical
training event.                                                       research.     Establishment of
    • ESAOTE will deliver training in the use of ultrasound           studies for retrospective and
        imaging systems                                               prospective             cohorts.
    • Lifetec will provide a demonstration of PhysioHeart             Combination of models and
        platform, also collecting novel research data                 patient data into new diagnostic
                                                                      methods
    • CHE and UMCU will provide perspectives on the
        clinical translation of research

TA4: Summer school 3: Research exploitation, Industrial translation

Description: This event will take place over a week in Lyon, Primary skills addressed:
acting as an opportunity to consolidate collaborative efforts             Communication
within the network, taking place almost a year after TA3. The Skills/Personal Effectiveness
event will focus on the exploitation of research results including         (Presentation,
contributions from industry partners ANSYS, THERENVA,                     Communication)
LTO, Siemens. Training will include aspects related to IPR,
Commercialisation, financing, Marketing and Sales and will               Research & Project
also address project requirements for project management             Management     (Experience)
within the commercial domain including; effective project and IPR, Commercial Exploitation
research management, risk assessment, the challenges of              of Results, Entrepreneurship
collaborative research and the importance of networking. The
event will foster interactions with the EDISS Master course for
clinical researchers (http://www.ediss-lyon.fr/). In particular, the

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participation of EDISS students to this VPH-CaSE summer               Translational methods
school will validate one of their two mandatory teaching          Clinical study design and the
modules on employability. A scientific forum/workshop will be     formulation of trials and
organised to allow VPH-CaSE ESRs and Master/PhD students          experiments      in      medical
from EDISS to interact, further extending the networking          research.     Medical devices
potential offered by the ETN framework.                           assessment     and       efficacy
                                                                  measures.            Identifying
           •   LTO will provide training on Market evaluation
                                                                  industrial needs/translation to
               and taking product to exploitation presentation
                                                                  solutions. Regulatory aspects –
           •   Siemens will provide lectures on advanced from bench to market.
               cardiovascular MR imaging
           •   CHUSE will give lectures of preliminary results       Industrial perspectives
               and potential clinical interests                   Knowledge of manufacturing
           •   ANSYS will review the commercial issues materials and methods. CAD
               related to software development for biomedical for        prototype     generation.
               research                                           Project planning for industrial
           •   THERENVA will provide case studies of task                            prioritisation.
               software applications for clinical application and Understanding market needs
               provide an insight into the environment in which and requirements.              Cost
               SMEs operate within this commercial sector.        awareness

TA5: International Conference

Description: VPH-CaSE will organise a satellite session of an Primary skills addressed:
international conference, expected to take place in PM43. The              Communication
satellite session will showcase the results of the project and will Skills/Personal Effectiveness
provide ESRs the opportunity to present their work to the VPH               (Presentation,
community. Following the successful format implemented                     Communication)
during the VPH Conference 2012, organised by UCL and
oriented towards young researchers, this session will provide a          Research & Project
platform to young researchers to expose their work.                  Management (Experience,
VPH-CaSE has the support of the VPH Institute, which has                    Management)
administered the call for hosting of VPH2014. VPH-CaSE               Career Management (Career
Partners will be invited to contribute along with external experts            Planning)
from the VPH community, in collaboration with the organising
committee of the conference.                                         Commercial Exploitation of
                                                                      Results, Entrepreneurship
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4 FEEDBACK'FROM'THE'VPH
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Overcoming language barriers:

    •   Mobility is an important facet of Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions. The Supervisory
        Board was concerned that in addition to Network-Wide training activities ESRs
        should receive the same level of local training as other PhD candidates within the host
        centres.

VPH-CaSE considered that particular resources that are not delivered in English locally will
be reviewed for inclusion in the Network-Wide training programme, providing added value to
the entire VPH-CaSE ESR cohort.

4.1 Summary!of!‘skills!gap’!feedback!

The Supervisory Board recommended that, although complementary skills are described in
some detail in the ESR skills profile, effort should be directed to address the following issues:

    •   Communication of scientific ideas to a non-scientific audience. For both scientific
        and non-scientific audiences, fluency in oral and written English was highlighted as a
        key skill. In addition, specific skills were identified as relevant for non-scientific
        communication, e.g. communication with managers within the heath sector. Here
        there are competing demands for services and equipment to be used for patients rather
        than research purposes. Effective, straight forward and empathetic communication
        here is important in the workplace. The ability to describe work in a simple language
        is crucial.
    •   Interaction between research scientists and other scientists within the same
        discipline: For example, in the UK, research scientists and STP (students on the
        Scientific Training Programme, run by the National School of Healthcare Science,
        UK) trainees may benefit from learning from each other and sharing experiences.
        This has value from both perspectives: (i) STP trainees choose to pursue a PhD to
        further their careers, (ii) PhD students may choose to complete STP training if they
        are to pursue a career as clinical healthcare scientists.
    •   Grant writing skills: It is important to recognise that skills relating to definition of
        research questions, identification of state-of-the-art and requirements for future
        research can be fostered independent of specific writing skills. These might be
        considered earlier in the delivery of the training programme.

The Supervisory Board identified specific additional skills that should be monitored as part of
the review process of the Personal Career Development Plan provided in Section 5.

For example, a student who wishes to pursue a career in medical Ultrasound in the UK
healthcare environment would benefit from the following skills:

        Quality assurance methodologies for ultrasound equipment: both from the
        scientific, safety and management viewpoint.

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       Opportunities to gain certified skills in clinical ultrasound scanning of patients: In
       the UK a scientist cannot scan patients (e.g. for a research study) unless they have
       undertaken some postgraduate training in ultrasound scanning.

As a further example, a student who wishes to pursue a career in medical device manufacture
would benefit from the following skills:

       Knowledge and understanding of appropriate standards, methods and tools:
       •   Medical Guidance and Quality Systems (ISO 13485, FDA CFR Title 21, part 820)
       •   Risk Analysis (FMEA/FMECA)
       •   Six Sigma / Lean Manufacturing
       •   High Level Design Tools (QFD)

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5 TEMPLATE'ESR'PERSONAL'CAREER'DEVELOPMENT'PLAN'
The following pages provide template forms for the ESR Personal Career Development Plan.
The recommended process for completion and monitoring of the PDP consists of an annual
cycle, starting in the 2nd month of each year of the IRP, described below. Primary
responsibility for completion of the PDP lies with the ESR, supported by the IRP supervisor.
Monitoring of the process will be undertaken by the Steering Committee, supported by
training delivered as part of the Network-wide training.

i) Initiate / Update       Month 2 and 13 of IRP: ESR independently completes Training
                           Needs Analysis (TNA) (Table 1 and 2) at start of year 1 and year 2 of
                           IRP.

ii) Revise                 Month 2 and 13 of IRP: ESR and supervisor meet to discuss TNA
                           and revise – providing platform for discussion of required needs and
                           how these will be met.

iii) Review                During VPH-CaSE training events 1 – 4: short sessions will be
                           scheduled at the start and end of each training event to allow ESRs to
                           reflect on their skills development and discuss training opportunities
                           as a group, where appropriate supported by the Steering Committee
                           and Supervisory Board. This will also provide an opportunity to
                           complete Table 4 to ensure Personal Skills Portfolio is up to date.

iv) Finalise               Month 13 and 25 of IRP: ESR independently completes Personal
                           Skills Portfolio (Table 3) at start of year 2 and year 3 of IRP.

v) Complete                Month 13 and 25 of IRP: ESR and supervisor meet to discuss
                           Personal Skills Portfolio and revise – providing platform for
                           discussion of career progression and planning for opportunities
                           beyond the VPH-CaSE training programme.

!
!
                                                  !                                    Page!19!of!23!
MSCA-ITN-2014-ETN:– 642612, VPH-CaSE
                                           WP5: Training
                                      D5.1: Skills requirements
                                            Version: 1.0
                                                                                                    !
                                          Date: 25-Mar-15
    !                     !

                     Table 1: Training Needs Analysis: Complementary skills

    (The example below illustrates typical skills levels and training plan for a newly recruited ESR)

!
!
                          !                                     Page!20!of!23!
MSCA-ITN-2014-ETN:– 642612, VPH-CaSE
                         WP5: Training
                    D5.1: Skills requirements
                          Version: 1.0
                                                             !
                        Date: 25-Mar-15
    !    !

        Table 2: Training Needs Analysis: Technical skills

!
!
         !                                  Page!21!of!23!
MSCA-ITN-2014-ETN:– 642612, VPH-CaSE
                                                              WP5: Training
                                                         D5.1: Skills requirements
                                                               Version: 1.0
                                                                                                                      !
                                                             Date: 25-Mar-15
                        !                     !

                                                     Table 3: Personal Skills Portfolio

    (example below indicates typical reporting for a Network-Wide training event, similar entries would be completed for local training and
                                                               secondments)

!
!
                                              !                                    Page!22!of!23!
VPH-CaSE:

        Virtual Physiological Human –
         Cardiovascular Simulation and         !
!
    Experimentation for Personalised Medical
                    Devices

                  End of document

!
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