KANAKA BAR AGRICULTURE FROM THE GROUND UP - Community preparation for the environment and economy of tomorrow!
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Community preparation for the environment and economy of tomorrow!
KANAKA BAR
AGRICULTURE FROM THE GROUND UP
AGRICULTURE CHALLENGES
REAL, MYTH OR EXCUSES?
•Does not pay well. •Getting workers.
• (for farmer or workers) • no one wants to do the work?
•Capital and Opportunity Cost. •It’s work.
• (cost/benefit analysis)
•Apathy or Dependency.
•It’s not just growing – it’s processing, • don’t need to do this, someone else will provide!
storage and transporting too!
•Don’t know how too.
•It’s cheaper, faster and more convenient
to just go to the store. •We can go back to hunting, fishing and
gathering.
•Denial of the need to grow.
•Land scarcity.
•Time.
Why is this the first slide?
MORE THINGS THAT MAKE ME GO HMMM
FOOD SECURITY, SOVEREIGNTY & SELF-SUFFICIENCY
Do we have food certainty & stability?
• What determines the “price” of food?
• https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-
business/economy/annual-food-bill-for-canadian-family-in-2018-
expected-to-rise-by-348-study/article37311778/
• Is our monthly income matching the rising costs of food, rent
and hydro?
• Is BC a net food importer?
• How many days “food stock” do our retailers actually
carry?
• https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/highway-closure-sparks-
questions-about-food-security-1.1132731
• Does BC have heritage seeds, animals and plants?
• Is the food we currently access “healthy”?
Recent Examples: Alaska Highway Closure and Boston Bar Landslides
BACKGROUND TO AGRICULTURE
THE KEYSTONE FOR GLOBAL CIVILIZATION
Rise and Fall
4 Foundational Physiological Needs Without foundations people
move, fight, die or innovate.
•Air (3 minutes).
•Water (3 days).
•Food (3 weeks).
•Shelter – depends on your climate?
Foundation Certainty leads to stability!
With development of agricultural certainty (water storage,
raising crops and proteins), transition from hunter & gatherers to
villages occurred!
An Nlaka’pamux Nation Map 69 Villages – Kanaka is # 51
KANAKA BAR: 7000+ YEARS
A STABLE QUALITY OF LIFE!
•Northend of the Fraser Canyon
•14 km South of Lytton on Highway 1
•Archaeology: shows 7000+ years of
continuous year round occupation,
• Shelters – located near water courses.
• Excavation reveals tools, fruit, vegetable and meat
uses going back millennia.
•Pre-contact Agriculture: ditches, orchards,
gardens and fences (italics).
• Science has not confirmed but our traditional stories do!
•Post contact Agriculture: fences, intakes,
ditches, tools, farms, cellars, orchards and
barns.
Kanaka Bar
Contact, conflict and colonization
Kanaka survived colonization….
• 1808 Contact (Simon Fraser with the North West Compnay)
• 1857-1858 Conflict (the Fraser Canyon War)
• 1858 Colony of British Columbia
• 1871 Confederation (BC Joins Canada)
St Georges School
• 1876 Indian Act
• 1910 Declaration to Laurier Lytton
• 1911 Declaration to Oliver
• 1914 Testimony to the Royal Commission
• 1967 Lament for Confederation
• 1973 Calder Decision (Jan 31)
• 1979 St. Georges Residential School “Closed”
• 1982 Constitution (in particular Section 35)
• 1997 Delgamuukw Decision
• 2014 Tsilhqot’in Decision
• UNDRIP equates to consent? (Crown adoption Plan?)
….so did the Nlaka’pamux
DID KANAKA STOP FARMING THOUGH?
DID EVERYONE ELSE?
WHERE DOES OUR FOOD COME FROM THEN?
AN ECONOMIC LEAKAGE QUESTION
If you are not growing, you are buying!
•Household gardens.
•Small scale farms.
•Farmers Markets.
•Fruit Stands.
•Large acreage, greenhouses and those
“protein” factories.
What's on the shelf?
Seems like a lot of meats, fruits and vegetables are
coming from somewhere else?Reintroducing Agriculture?
Be Aware of and Listen…. ….and Change the Priority
Remember those Myths and Challenges: WHY is Key!
• Food costs are increasing!
You don’t need to “disprove” anything, just • Food quantity, quality and diversity is
show and do something different. decreasing (including traditional food
sources)!
• Engage everyone. • Factory and imported foods are not the
same as locally grown!
• Make it fun and relevant. • Foundational Works for Tomorrow!
• Show cost savings and other benefits.
• Share the story and Celebrate.STEP 1 (WHO)
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Report & Feedback:
Continuous Engagement since 2012
Every 3rd Thursday at 5:00 pm
•Spoke to Kanaka residents and members:
• What did they used to do?
• What are they buying in town or in the city?
•Reviewed regional and community written
history, old photos and maps
•Walked and mapped the land and resources
•Planned and prioritized
•Implemented first steps(with 3 rd parties when appropriate )
•Make sure everyone knows what is going on!
• 3rd Thursdays and a bi-annual written report
Videos online at: http://www.kanakabarband.ca/our-library/videosFOR 8,000 YEARS OUR ANCESTORS SUPPLIED
RD
THEIR OWN FOOD (WITHOUT 3 PARTIES)
Kanaka Membership Shared: Kanaka:
….past and present! ….sought outside input too!
•Land Use Plan March 31 2015 •Engaged Land Use Planners
•Food Security and Vision Document (2016) •SFU MBA Student Visits (5 years now)
•CEDP March 31 2016 – 5 Year Plan •Sauder Business Case competition (March
2016)
•Water Quantity and Quality Monitoring
•UBC Master Student (Laura Boulus)
•Climate Change Assessment and Adaption
Strategy (July 2018) •Spoke to Farmers
Goal •Brought a Farmer here (he's still here lol)
A community based source of sustainable and
healthy meat, fruits and vegetables.COMMUNITY BASED AGRICULTURE
START SMALL AND SCALE UP
Where are we at and what are we
Kanaka Engagement
dong next?
All confirm what Kanaka suspected…
1. Start small and scale up!
2. Have a Plan!
3. Involve Everyone!
4. Make it fun and relevant!
Videos online at: http://www.kanakabarband.ca/our-library/videosSTEP 2 (WHAT)
AGRICULTURE IS….
1. More than food production!
o It’s a 5 step holistic cycle
2. Feasibility and planning!
o see fostering food self-sufficiency online at:
http://www.kanakabarband.ca/downloads/berezan.pdf
3. Community development!
o Kanaka will learn to focus our energy and develop
incrementally
4. About making decisions and change!
o Kanaka will live with our successes and learn from our
mistakes.STEP 3 (HOW)
FROM THE HIP OR
WITH A PLAN?
2015 Community Vision Statement
To become a self-sufficient, sustainable and vibrant community!
Has evolved into 4 intertwined goals
Lets start small and see what happens!KANAKA SMALL STEP (WHERE)
REMEMBERING THE LAND
Locating and Assessing
•Walking
•Cleaning
•Clearing
•Planning
Goal
Food self-sufficiency!
We can do it!KANAKA SMALL STEP
WATER
A food self-sufficiency goal and plan based on
We have never run out of water!
something more than “there's water in them hills”
•Reviewed all past and present water licences in the
entire watershed (its all online).
•Located active (inactive) intakes, ditches and
waterlines.
•Acquired new hoses, drip lines, sprinklers and
“timers”.
•Watering current projects “manually” but introduced
timers now.
Goal
Year Round RAW Water Supply
To irrigate all gardens, orchards and greenhouses with
untreated water through waterlines.KANAKA SMALL STEP
“FOOD FOREST”
Vegetables, Fruits and Medicines September 2018
• Everything in one spot!
• Made a plan and implemented (currently in 2nd year).
• Planting, harvesting, processing, eating, celebrating and
selling surplus.
• Waste is composted.
Goal
1. Intensify “Food Forest”.
2. Expand Food Forest to more community public spaces.
3. Expand to membership homes (those who want it).KANAKA SMALL STEP
FRUITS
• Located old orchards and trees & pruned back the live ones.
• Planted some traditional food species (ie Saskatoon).
• Planted new (what grows and what does not!).
Raspberries and CFDC in the Forest
Strawberries Sept 25 Aug 16 2018
• Planted raspberries, strawberries and grapes.
2018
• Surprisingly, goji is doing well here as is the Asian Pear.
• Experiment: mulberry, sea buckthorn and can we grow exotics
like oranges, olives, nuts, lemons, limes, mangos, avocados?
Goal
➢Year round supply of fresh to process as frozen, dried, canned,
jams and fruit leathers!
➢Expansion from Food Forest to orchards.
➢Making our own heritage “acclimatized” root stock.
➢Espalier (for elders and disabled to access).KANAKA SMALL STEP
VEGETABLES
•Planted(what grows and what does not!)
• No surprises, squash, pumpkin, cucumbers,
tomatoes, corn, beans, peas and potatoes ☺
• Surprisingly, broccoli, cauliflower….
Goal
1. Year round supply of fresh and to
process as frozen, dried or canned.
2. Expansion from Food Forest to fields and
larger greenhouses (as needed).
3. Making our own heritage “acclimatized”
seeds and plant stock.
4. Espalier the fences (for elders and
disabled to access).KANAKA SMALL STEP
HERBS & MEDICINES
In food forest and as a standalone!
•Dill, sage, oregano, garlic, mint varieties,
•Comfrey, Echinacea, lemon balm, Bee balm,
•Experiment: devils club, nodding onion,
hawthorne, juniper, soapberry…
Goal
1. Year round supply of fresh and dried.
2. Processed as tinctures and salves.KANAKA SMALL STEP
GREENHOUSE
Solar Thermal: to maintain a static internal
growing environment (warm in winter and
cool in summer).
This is not a Walmart/Canadian tire special.
Goal
1. Year round supply of fresh fruits,
vegetables and medicines.
2. Root stock and seedlings for field and
orchards.
3. Expand to more or larger when and if
needed.
Ribbon Cutting: September 20, 2018KANAKA SMALL STEP
BEES
From 1 hive in 2017 to 4 in 2018….
•Bring in the pollinators
• for our fruits and vegetables
•Producing honey & beeswax
Goal
Not going to compete with the stores, but
make available a product for residents,
visitors and Lytton?SMALL STEPS
POULTRY (IT’S THE MEAT THING)
From 24 in 2017 to 50 in 2018…. ….dare we dream?
Goal
1. learn everything we can about “ranching” Kanaka acquired ownership in fee of land simply
2. Start small and scale up! known as the “Deer Farm”!
3. Looking at goats, deer and pork.KANAKA SMALL STEP
PROCESSING (IN VERY EARLY STAGES)
Fresh
• Taste and health benefits “right of the vine”
Canning
• Lasts quite a while but watch out for the additives
(sugars and salt)
Freezing
• Requires a freezer and electricity
• Spoils over time and changes flavor and texture
Dried
• Anyone know what Stwan is?
• Stores and transports well.
• Can be used or sold by bulk or individually
Smoking: just fish for now.
Goal: Build capacity in both processing, preservation and storage!KANAKA BAR & “ INNOVATION”
NOT REALLY (THAT’S WHY ITALICS)
Doing “old ways in a new way”
•7000+ years of using land, water, wind and
sun to produce and dry meats, fruits and
vegetables.
•Cleared land and reactivated waterlines.
•Now planted 76 different fruits, vegetables
and plants.
•Harvesting and Processing
• Generating surplus already so we do sell at the
office.
• Community is not at a “scale up” stage yet.KANAKA INNOVATION
--KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER--
Engagement is a Foundation Workshops & Conferences & Internet
•Community: •Starting plants from seed.
• yesterday, today and tomorrow.
•More food in small spaces.
•The Urban Farmer (community planning,
•Food Forests and Permaculture.
home consultations and mentoring)
•Watering, feedings, pruning, thinning.
•Urban Systems (water, mapping,
planning, data analysis and mentoring) •Harvesting, processing, storage,
transporting.
•ZN Advisory Services (finances,
management and mentoring) •Composting.
Without capacity development, food self-sufficiency will not be sustainable!KANAKA INNOVATION
LANDS
Land is a Foundation!
•6 Reserves: 40 acres of usable land!
•Kanaka created a Company (Kanaka
Land and Holdings or KLH)
•KLH acquires 5 fee simple lands
• Comes with water licenses
• Secures both short and long term community
opportunity
• Removed “Private Property” signs for now!
• Cleaning the land and planning
Doing forest fire “hazard” reduction.KANAKA INNOVATION (MAPPING)
WHERE IS EVERYTHING?KANAKA INNOVATION
WATER
Water is a foundation!
•Seven creeks with year round water.
• Drinking, irrigation, fire protection and energy production.
•Water data now measured 24/7/365 on 4 streams.
• Both quantity and quality measurements
•Locating and repairing intakes.
•Replacing ditches with waterlines.
Goal
1. Year round irrigation with untreated “raw” water
rather than chlorinated.
2. Raw water “under pressure” allows for “point of
entry treatment” (potable), offers house and wild
fire protection and is also source of potential
electrical energy from “micro hydro” plants.KANAKA INNOVATION Is local energy supply a
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES foundation?
Solar Hydro:
•4 operating projects (Ground, Pillar, Tracker •Water volume or under pressure spin a
& Rooftop). turbine. May freeze in winter or dry out in
summer.
Wind (VAWT versus HAWT) Biomass and Geothermal:
• Sun does not shine at night.
• World has windmills for thousands of years. • Can work here too.
• Don’t need to be big.
Goal
1. Blue consumption to be less than orange
production (daily, monthly yearly).
2. Hybrid smaller projects (which support each
other) so that we never “power off” when BC
Hydro has an outage.KANAKA INNOVATION
FOOD PROCESSING
Dried food is a foundation!
• Using trees, shacks and screen (mother
nature supplies the wind and sun).
•Grind up to use in shakers or in soups
and stews.
•Rehydrate to eat whole.
•Might be able to scale up soon but we
need meat, fruit and vegetables in
greater quantity first.KANAKA INNOVATION
FOOD PROCESSING
We “can” eat, trade and give away!
Can we sell?
•Rules and regulations?
•Insurance?
•Liability?
•Risk?
•Market?
•Business Case?KANAKA INNOVATION
STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
You just did all that work?
•Food cache pits
•Root cellars, canning rooms…
•Walk in coolers and freezers
•Transportation (time, gas, insurance,
wear and tear) adds to cost.
How do we get surplus to the Market?KANAKA INNOVATION
“MARKET ANALYSIS”
Agriculture – more than an economy.
What is a “market”
Its from the Home to “E-Commerce”
People always to need to eat and drink!
•Myth and Misinformation. •Residents (Individuals and families).
• You can make a living in agriculture!
•Regional (Fraser Canyon)and Urban areas.
•Get back to the land.
• Self-sufficient, sustainable food diversity •Stores, restaurants and particular groups
who desire food grown and processed in a
• Cannot overstate the “health benefits” certain way.
•Start small. 7 Billion Customers are out there!
• what works & what does not?
• Intensify/scale up when wanted or needed.
Price
•Purpose.
• Is it cash or something else? Kanaka is same as everywhere else.
• Can be both when there is surplus.
When demand goes up though, our
production and transportation costs won’t!KANAKA INNOVATION
BUSINESS CASE
Kanaka: Managing to Break even point! Kanaka & Climate Change:
You can’t eat money! Its real and its here!
•Investing in a 100 year plan & •Awareness, acceptance and proactive!
infrastructure so that expansion
available as need arises. •Forecasting food scarcity and price
increases created by ongoing &
•Meeting need of community for now. increasing global issues.
•Creating a story. •Doing foundational steps now so that
crises not replicated at Kanaka.
•Products that exceed expectations!
•Creating food, water and shelter
stability will may result in surplus which is
available for the market!
Climate Change is producing an opportunity and economy for tomorrow.
Are you ready for it?KANAKA INNOVATION (BRAND)
TELL A STORY
Keep It Simple The Must Stop Rest Stop?
Recipes are 7000+ years old “Stop, shop and stay”
•Tie into Kanaka’s history and goals. •Food processing and storage at Kanaka.
• Market a destination and a story – not just “food”
•Highway 1 Commercial & Retail site.
•Eco-Tourism and Renewable Energy. • Stop, look and listen for free.
• Shop and stay is not.
•Facebook, Website & Word of Mouth.
•Tiny Homes (overnight or monthly).
•Logos & Hat/Shirts.
•Potable Water is also Free.
• Containers and delivery is not.
Canada’s Hotspot The Crossing Place
Produces the coolest water, meats, fruit and Buy it fresh today or take a card, Kanaka can
vegetables. deliver!IT TAKES TIME TO DO THINGS RIGHT!
STEP 4 (WHY)
AGRICULTURE, CIVILIZATION & CLIMATE CHANGE
Death by A Thousand Cuts ! Greater frequency, duration and
Age of Consequences ! intensity!
• The whole ongoing Kyoto and Paris Thing • Air Quality diminished (those smoke warnings)
• Waking the Frog (2014) • Flooding (both spring and fall)
• Book by Tom Rand • https://www.kelownacapnews.com/news/cache-creek-braces-for-one-in-
ninety-year-flooding-event-as-third-major-flood-in-four-years-hits-village/
• The New Normal: 21st Century Disaster Management in
British Columbia (2017): • Forest Fires (2 years in a row – BC state of emergency)
• https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/public-safety-and-emergency-
services/emergency-preparedness-response-recovery/embc/bc-flood- • https://globalnews.ca/news/4390622/bc-state-of-emergency-fighting-
and-wildfire-review-addressing-the-new-normal-21st-century-disaster- wildfires/
management-in-bc-web.pdf
• Drought (no rain plus high temperature in growing season)
• Just Cool It (2017)
• Book by David Suzuki • Highway Closures & 0ther disruptions
• delayed permitting
• Ministry of Environment has added “Climate Change
Strategy” to its name. • more power outages
• no fuel for transportation
• Kanaka Bar’s Site Specific Climate Change Assessment
(July 2018) • Displacement: where do people go when experiencing
some or all of the above?
Google It – its real and happening!CLIMATE CHANGE
AFFECTS
Regressive Remember from Earlier?
Elderly, disabled, young and the poor will 1. Without food, shelter, air and water stability
feel it first and the hardest! 2. People fight, die, move or innovate
•Anxiety •Line ups
•Price increases for food, shelter and
electrical (increased costs are ultimately •Conflict
transferred to consumers) •Going without
•Scarcity
….
•Climate Change may ultimately lead to
no 3rd Party products or services at all!CLIMATE CHANGE
BE AWARE AND PROACTIVE
Kanaka Bar will be OK!
If Kanaka is right!
Community has achieved food self sufficiency.
Community is ready for the environment and
economy of tomorrow.
If Kanaka is wrong!
Community has achieved food self-sufficiency.
Community is ready for the environment and
economy of tomorrow.
https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/kanaka-bar-band-planning-for-a-bright-future-with-dark-times-aheadKANAKA BAR AND AGRICULTURE
THE LAST WORD
Kanaka’s Summer Youth Employment Program
Each year Kanaka employees regional
youth in the office and in the field.
What do you think they said about
agriculture?
Video Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wo1r2WptVfI&feature=youtu.beWHAT YOU DO TO THE LAND,
YOU DO TO YOURSELVES
WHO: Kanaka Bar is engaged as a community.
WHAT: Doing community based agriculture.
WHERE: On our land and resources.
HOW: One step at a time.
WHY: For the environment/economy of tomorrow!
Any question?
Email: chief@kanakabarband.ca
Website: http://www.kanakabarband.ca/
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