Mythen über Künstliche Intelligenz - Warum wir KI nicht fürchten müssen - Roman Herzog Institut
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Institut für Informatik (IIT-HSG)
Mythen über Künstliche Intelligenz -
Warum wir KI nicht fürchten müssen
Prof. Dr. Damian Borth
Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab
University of St. Gallen (HSG)
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 1
Artificial Intelligence Momentum Times, 17.Sep 2018: Summary of WEF Report Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 2
Artificial Intelligence Momentum CIO magazine June 2018 Times, 17.Sep 2018: Summary of WEF Report Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 3
Artificial Intelligence Momentum
CIO magazine June 2018
Deutsche Welle
16.May 2018
Times, 17.Sep 2018: Summary of WEF Report
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 4
Die Informatik und der Algorithmus Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 5
6
Verschiedene Blickwinkel
SPON, 5.Juni 2018
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 6
Verschiedene Blickwinkel Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 7
Verschiedene Blickwinkel
Bedarf an KI Experten in Deutschland: 5,000
Quelle: Handelsblatt, März 2017
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 8
Verschiedene Blickwinkel
Bedarf an KI Experten in Deutschland: 5,000
Quelle: Handelsblatt, März 2017
Weltweites Angebot an KI Experten: 22,000
Quelle: Bloomberg & Element AI, Jan. 2018
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 9
10
Algorithmen
May 2018
https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/de/themen/aktuelle-meldungen/2018/mai/deutschland-noch-nicht-in-der-algorithmischen-welt-angekommen/
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 1011
Algorithmen
https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/de/themen/aktuelle-meldungen/2018/mai/deutschland-noch-nicht-in-der-algorithmischen-welt-angekommen/
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 1112
Algorithmen
https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/de/themen/aktuelle-meldungen/2018/mai/deutschland-noch-nicht-in-der-algorithmischen-welt-angekommen/
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 1213
Algorithmen
https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/de/themen/aktuelle-meldungen/2018/mai/deutschland-noch-nicht-in-der-algorithmischen-welt-angekommen/
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 13Algorithmen
Hampton C. Gabler,
Air Bag Deployment Algorithm
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2008; 52: 175–184.
Excel Algorithmus zur Sortierung
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 14Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) – Was ist das? Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 15
Starke und Schwache Künstliche Intelligenz Russel, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach, Prentice Hall, 2009 Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 16
Starke und Schwache Künstliche Intelligenz Russel, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach, Prentice Hall, 2009 Starke Künstliche Intelligenz • KI im philosophischen Sinne • Maschinen, die sich ihrer selbst bewusst werden Schwache Künstliche Intelligenz • KI im Ingenieur-technischen Sinne • Maschinen, die von außen intelligent erscheinen Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 17
Terminologie
Künstliche Intelligenz
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 18Terminologie
Künstliche Intelligenz
Wissens
Plannung
Repräsentation
Schließen Maschinelles Lernen
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 19Terminologie
Künstliche Intelligenz
Wissens
Plannung
Repräsentation
Schließen Maschinelles Lernen
Probab. Kernel
Ansätze Ansätze Deep Learning
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 20Deep Learning – Neuronale Netze Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 21
Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
+ +
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 22Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + +
Neural Networks (NN) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) & Deep Autoencoder
Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM)
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) Reinforcement Learning
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 23Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter +
AlexNet 2012: Image Understanding
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 24Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter +
AlexNet 2012: Image Understanding
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 25Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter + Modell Training
?
“dog”
error / correct?
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 26Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter + Modell Training
“cat”
“dog”
error
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 27Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter + Modell Training
“dog”
“dog”
correct
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 28Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter + Modell Training
“dog”
“dog”
correct
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 29Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter + Modell Training
“dog”
“dog”
correct
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 30Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter + Modell Training
“cow”
“dog”
“dog”
correct
Model
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 31Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter + Modell Training
“dog”
“dog”
correct
Model
“?”
Model
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 32Was sind die drei Zutaten für Neuronalen Netzen
Architektur + Parameter + Modell Training
“cow”
“dog”
“dog”
correct
Model
“dog”
Model A
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 33Anwendungen der KI und
Auswirkung auf die Gesellschaft
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 34Sichtbare Erfolge
März, 2016
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 35(Leider) Wenig sichtbare Erfolge Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 36
Selbstfahrende Fahrzeuge
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxanE_W46ts
V. Badrinarayanan eta l., "SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Robust Semantic Pixel-Wise Labelling”,
arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.07293, 2015.
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 37Industrie 4.0 Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 38
Gesellschaftliche Verantwortung Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 39
Künstliche Intelligenz braucht reflektiertes Forschen Financial Times, 9. Sep 2018 Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 40
Künstliche Intelligenz braucht reflektiertes Forschen
The Economist, 10. Sep 2018
Financial Times, 9. Sep 2018
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 41Künstliche Intelligenz braucht reflektiertes Forschen
The Economist, 10. Sep 2018
Financial Times, 9. Sep 2018 New York Times, 17. Oct 2018
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 42Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on "Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her." European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 43
Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on "Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her." European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) "To ensure every stakeholder involved in the design and development of autonomous and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 44
Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on "Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her." European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) "To ensure every stakeholder involved in the design and development of autonomous and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "The ISO committee setup the following structure for AI Standardization to deal with: (1) foundational standards working group, (2) computational approaches and characteristics of artificial intelligence systems study group, (3) trustworthiness study group International Standards Organization ISO - JTC 1 - SC42. Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 45
Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on "Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her." European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) "To ensure every stakeholder involved in the design and development of autonomous and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "The ISO committee setup the following structure for AI Standardization to deal with: (1) foundational standards working group, (2) computational approaches and characteristics of artificial intelligence systems study group, (3) trustworthiness study group International Standards Organization ISO - JTC 1 - SC42. "The aim of the Centre is to enhance understanding of the risk-benefit duality of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics... The main outcome of the above initiative will be that all stakeholders, including policy makers and governmental officials, possess improved knowledge and understanding of both the risks and benefits of such technologies and that they commence discussion on these risks and potential solutions in an appropriate and balanced manner.” UN Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 46
Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on The AI HLEG support the implementation of the European strategy "Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall on AI. This will include the elaboration of recommendations on have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, future AI-related policy development and on ethical, legal and including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly societal issues related to AI, including socio-economic challenges. significantly affects him or her." European AI High Level Expert Group European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) "To ensure every stakeholder involved in the design and development of autonomous and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "The ISO committee setup the following structure for AI Standardization to deal with: (1) foundational standards working group, (2) computational approaches and characteristics of artificial intelligence systems study group, (3) trustworthiness study group International Standards Organization ISO - JTC 1 - SC42. "The aim of the Centre is to enhance understanding of the risk-benefit duality of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics... The main outcome of the above initiative will be that all stakeholders, including policy makers and governmental officials, possess improved knowledge and understanding of both the risks and benefits of such technologies and that they commence discussion on these risks and potential solutions in an appropriate and balanced manner.” UN Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 47
Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich
Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on The AI HLEG support the implementation of the European strategy
"Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall on AI. This will include the elaboration of recommendations on
have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, future AI-related policy development and on ethical, legal and
including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly societal issues related to AI, including socio-economic challenges.
significantly affects him or her." European AI High Level Expert Group
European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
"Fair, Transparent, and Accountable AI”. Consider Statement 5: Social
"To ensure every stakeholder involved in the design and development of autonomous and Societal Influences of AI including potential influences on privacy,
and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical democracy, criminal justice, and human rights.
considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity.
Partnership on AI
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
"The ISO committee setup the following structure for AI Standardization to deal with: (1)
foundational standards working group, (2) computational approaches and characteristics
of artificial intelligence systems study group, (3) trustworthiness study group
International Standards Organization ISO - JTC 1 - SC42.
"The aim of the Centre is to enhance understanding of the risk-benefit duality of
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics... The main outcome of the above initiative will be
that all stakeholders, including policy makers and governmental officials, possess
improved knowledge and understanding of both the risks and benefits of such
technologies and that they commence discussion on these risks and potential solutions
in an appropriate and balanced manner.”
UN Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 48Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich
Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on The AI HLEG support the implementation of the European strategy
"Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall on AI. This will include the elaboration of recommendations on
have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, future AI-related policy development and on ethical, legal and
including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly societal issues related to AI, including socio-economic challenges.
significantly affects him or her." European AI High Level Expert Group
European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
"Fair, Transparent, and Accountable AI”. Consider Statement 5: Social
"To ensure every stakeholder involved in the design and development of autonomous and Societal Influences of AI including potential influences on privacy,
and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical democracy, criminal justice, and human rights.
considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity.
Partnership on AI
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
The AI Now Institute is an interdisciplinary research center dedicated to
"The ISO committee setup the following structure for AI Standardization to deal with: (1) understanding the social implications of artificial intelligence. The
foundational standards working group, (2) computational approaches and characteristics institute focuses on four core domains: Rights & Liberties, Labor &
of artificial intelligence systems study group, (3) trustworthiness study group Automation, Bias & Inclusion and Safety & Critical Infrastructure.
International Standards Organization ISO - JTC 1 - SC42. AI Now Institute
"The aim of the Centre is to enhance understanding of the risk-benefit duality of
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics... The main outcome of the above initiative will be
that all stakeholders, including policy makers and governmental officials, possess
improved knowledge and understanding of both the risks and benefits of such
technologies and that they commence discussion on these risks and potential solutions
in an appropriate and balanced manner.”
UN Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 49Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich
Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on The AI HLEG support the implementation of the European strategy
"Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall on AI. This will include the elaboration of recommendations on
have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, future AI-related policy development and on ethical, legal and
including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly societal issues related to AI, including socio-economic challenges.
significantly affects him or her." European AI High Level Expert Group
European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
"Fair, Transparent, and Accountable AI”. Consider Statement 5: Social
"To ensure every stakeholder involved in the design and development of autonomous and Societal Influences of AI including potential influences on privacy,
and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical democracy, criminal justice, and human rights.
considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity.
Partnership on AI
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
The AI Now Institute is an interdisciplinary research center dedicated to
"The ISO committee setup the following structure for AI Standardization to deal with: (1) understanding the social implications of artificial intelligence. The
foundational standards working group, (2) computational approaches and characteristics institute focuses on four core domains: Rights & Liberties, Labor &
of artificial intelligence systems study group, (3) trustworthiness study group Automation, Bias & Inclusion and Safety & Critical Infrastructure.
International Standards Organization ISO - JTC 1 - SC42. AI Now Institute
"The aim of the Centre is to enhance understanding of the risk-benefit duality of An "AI bot" is not allowed to communicate or interact with another human
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics... The main outcome of the above initiative will be person in California online with the intent to mislead the other person
that all stakeholders, including policy makers and governmental officials, possess about its artificial identity for the purpose of knowingly deceiving the
improved knowledge and understanding of both the risks and benefits of such person about the content of the communication in order to incentivize a
technologies and that they commence discussion on these risks and potential solutions purchase or sale of goods or services in a commercial transaction or to
in an appropriate and balanced manner.” influence a vote in an election.
UN Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics California Government - Senate Bill No. 1001.
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 50Aktuelle Initiativen in diesem Bereich
Several articles are relevant, including Articles 13-15, 21 and 35. We cite Article 22 on The AI HLEG support the implementation of the European strategy
"Automated individual decision-making, including profiling.: "The data subject shall on AI. This will include the elaboration of recommendations on
have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, future AI-related policy development and on ethical, legal and
including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly societal issues related to AI, including socio-economic challenges.
significantly affects him or her." European AI High Level Expert Group
European Law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
"Fair, Transparent, and Accountable AI”. Consider Statement 5: Social
"To ensure every stakeholder involved in the design and development of autonomous and Societal Influences of AI including potential influences on privacy,
and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical democracy, criminal justice, and human rights.
considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity.
Partnership on AI
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
The AI Now Institute is an interdisciplinary research center dedicated to
"The ISO committee setup the following structure for AI Standardization to deal with: (1) understanding the social implications of artificial intelligence. The
foundational standards working group, (2) computational approaches and characteristics institute focuses on four core domains: Rights & Liberties, Labor &
of artificial intelligence systems study group, (3) trustworthiness study group Automation, Bias & Inclusion and Safety & Critical Infrastructure.
International Standards Organization ISO - JTC 1 - SC42. AI Now Institute
"The aim of the Centre is to enhance understanding of the risk-benefit duality of An "AI bot" is not allowed to communicate or interact with another human
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics... The main outcome of the above initiative will be person in California online with the intent to mislead the other person
that all stakeholders, including policy makers and governmental officials, possess about its artificial identity for the purpose of knowingly deceiving the
improved knowledge and understanding of both the risks and benefits of such person about the content of the communication in order to incentivize a
technologies and that they commence discussion on these risks and potential solutions purchase or sale of goods or services in a commercial transaction or to
in an appropriate and balanced manner.” influence a vote in an election.
UN Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics California Government - Senate Bill No. 1001.
Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 51Haben Sie Fragen? Damian Borth – Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Lab 52
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