Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com

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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Year 10
                               Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser

                                           Rebecca Adlington
                                            Rebecca Adlington, OBE (born 17 February 1989) is a British former competitive swimmer who
                                            specialised in freestyle events in international competition. She won two gold medals at the 2008
                                            Summer Olympics in the 400-metre freestyle and 800-metre freestyle, breaking the 19-year-old world
                                            record of Janet Evans in the 800-metre final. Adlington was Britain's first Olympic swimming champion
                                            since 1988, and the first British swimmer to win two Olympic gold medals since 1908. She won bronze
                                            medals in both the women's 400-metre and 800-metre freestyle events in the 2012 Summer Olympics
                                            in London.

                                            Adlington was born in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, where she attended The Brunts School. She started
                                            swimming with Sherwood Colliery Swimming Club, and was selected for the Nottinghamshire County
                                            Elite Squad (Nova Centurion Swimming Club). She swam in local swimming leagues for Nottingham
                                            Leander Swimming Club, having taken part in the National Speedo 'B' Final in May 2010. Adlington's
                                            great-uncle was former Derby County goalkeeper Terry Adlington, and she is a keen Derby supporter.

                                            On 5 February 2013, Adlington retired from all competitive swimming, at the age of 23. Since retiring
House Colour: Blue                          as a competitor, she has worked for BBC TV as a swimming pundit at the Olympic Games and World
                                            Aquatics Championships, and made various other media appearances.
“I'm the type of person that it doesn't
get me down if I have a bad swim, I just
get more motivated. I'm quite resilient
            in that way.”
                                                      Morris Samuels                   Alan Sillitoe                 Ada Lovelace
                                                     House Colour: Red             House Colour: Yellow           House Colour: Green
Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Achieve at BBA

Contents
Instructions for how to use your Knowledge Organiser   4        Subject: Chemistry                   21

Timetable                                              5        Subject: Physics                     22
Reading Log                                            6        Subject: Physics                     23
Principal’s Reading w/b 8th Jan                        7        Subject: Geography                   24

Principal’s Reading w/b 14th Jan                       8        Subject: History                     25

Principal’s Reading w/b 21st Jan                       9        Subject: French                      26

Principal’s Reading w/b 28th Jan                       10       Subject: GCSE Computer Science       27

Principal’s Reading w/b 4th Feb                        11       Subject: GCSE Computer Science       28

Principal’s Reading w/b 11th Feb                       12       Subject: Design Technology           29

200 Word Challenges                                    13       Subject: Food Technology             30

Subject: English Literature                            15       Subject: Art and Design              31
Subject: English Language                              16       Subject: Drama                       32

Subject: Maths                                         17       Subject: Hair and Beauty             33

Subject: Biology                                       18       Subject: OCR Sports Science          34
Subject: Biology                                       19       Subject: Citizenship                 35
Subject: Chemistry                                     20       Subject: Citizenship                 36

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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Instructions for how to use your Knowledge Organiser                                                    Achieve at BBA
Read, Cover, Write                           Mind mapping                                   Explaining a diagram                           Putting new words into sentences
                                                                                                                                            Foreboding             A feeling that
                                                                                                                                                                   something bad
                                                                                                                                                                   will happen.

                                                                                                                                           There was a sense of foreboding
                                                                                                                                           through the reference to the
                                                                                                                                           ‘shadows that followed’
Step 1: Read the part of the section you
want to remember.

Step 2: Read it again.

Step 3: Read it aloud.                       Step 1: Read the part of the section you                                                      Step 1: Read, cover, write the new words
                                                                                            Step 1: Read, cover and write the diagram
                                             want to remember.                                                                             and their definitions

                                                                                                                                           Step 2: Write a sentence that includes the
Step 4: Cover the part you are remembering                                                  Step 2: Write a paragraph explaining what is   new word in a real context, just as you
                                             Step 2: Draw a mind map with the key
with your book.                                                                             happening in the diagram and give              would use it in a lesson/exam question.
                                             information.
                                                                                            specific examples.

Step 5: Write as much as you can remember    Step 3: Add any extra information that                                                        Step 3: Check your answer with a friend or
in your exercise book.                                                                      Step 3: Check your answers using your class
                                             provides more detail about the topic.                                                         ask your teacher to check you have used
                                                                                            notes or ask your teacher to check in your
                                             Step 4: Check your answers using the                                                          them correctly.
                                                                                            next lesson.
Step 6: Check your answers with a tick for   information in all three sections of the
correct answers or a cross if incorrect.     Knowledge Organiser.
                                                                                                                                           Step 4: Correct any mistakes
                                                                                            Step 4: Correct any mistakes
                                             Step 5: Correct any mistakes.

Step 7: Correct your mistakes with the
information from that section.

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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Timetable                                                             Achieve at BBA
          Year 10                    Monday                     Tuesday                Wednesday                    Thursday                      Friday

       w/b 8th January                  English                   Maths                    Citizenship                Option 1                English Literature
   Section 1: Vocabulary
                                   Power Writing Plan
    Read, Cover, Write            (200 word challenge)
                                                                  Science           French/History/Geography          Option 2           Annotate Principal’s Reading

      w/b 14th January                  English                   Maths                    Citizenship                Option 1                English Literature

    Section 2: Key Facts
                                   Power Writing Plan
      Mind mapping                (200 word challenge)
                                                                  Science           French/History/Geography          Option 2           Annotate Principal’s Reading

       w/b 21st January
                                        English                   Maths                    Citizenship                Option 1                English Literature
Section 3: Diagrams/pictures
As instructed or read, cover,      Power Writing Plan
                                                                  Science           French/History/Geography          Option 2           Annotate Principal’s Reading
            write                 (200 word challenge)

      w/b 28th January
                                        English                   Maths                    Citizenship                Option 1                English Literature
   Section 1: Vocabulary
  Put the words into new           Power Writing Plan
                                                                  Science           French/History/Geography          Option 2           Annotate Principal’s Reading
         sentences                (200 word challenge)

      w/b 4th February                  English                   Maths                    Citizenship                Option 1                English Literature
    Section 2: Key facts
                                   Power Writing Plan
    Read, Cover, Write            (200 word challenge)
                                                                  Science           French/History/Geography          Option 2           Annotate Principal’s Reading

      w/b 11th February
                                        English                   Maths                    Citizenship                Option 1                English Literature
         All sections
 Write down as much as you         Power Writing Plan
                                                                  Science           French/History/Geography          Option 2           Annotate Principal’s Reading
can remember from memory          (200 word challenge)
                                20 mins reading of your   20 mins reading of your   20 mins reading of your    20 mins reading of your    20 mins reading of your
          ALL WEEKS                   own book                  own book                  own book                   own book                   own book

                                (record on Reading Log)   (record on Reading Log)   (record on Reading Log)    (record on Reading Log)    (record on Reading Log)

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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Reading Log                                                       Achieve at BBA

                   Monday                      Tuesday              Wednesday                       Thursday                    Friday
           Read:                       Read:                     Read:                      Read:                       Read:
w/b 8th
           For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes    For: _________ minutes     For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes
January
           Signed:__________________   Signed:________________   Signed:________________    Signed:__________________   Signed:________________
           Read:                       Read:                     Read:                      Read:                       Read:
w/b 14th
           For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes    For: _________ minutes     For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes
January
           Signed:__________________   Signed:________________   Signed:_________________   Signed:__________________   Signed:________________
           Read:                       Read:                     Read:                      Read:                       Read:
w/b 21st
           For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes    For: _________ minutes     For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes
January
           Signed:__________________   Signed:________________   Signed:_________________   Signed:__________________   Signed:________________
           Read:                       Read:                     Read:                      Read:                       Read:
w/b 28th
           For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes    For: _________ minutes     For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes
January
           Signed:__________________   Signed:________________   Signed:_________________   Signed:__________________   Signed:________________
           Read:                       Read:                     Read:                      Read:                       Read:
w/b 4th
           For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes    For: _________ minutes     For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes
February
           Signed:__________________   Signed:_______________    Signed:________________    Signed:__________________   Signed:________________
           Read:                       Read:                     Read:                      Read:                       Read:
w/b 11th
           For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes    For: _________ minutes     For: _________ minutes      For: _________ minutes
February
           Signed:__________________   Signed:________________   Signed:_________________   Signed:__________________   Signed:________________

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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Principal’s Reading w/b 8th Jan                                                                                                                                           Achieve at BBA
Good news at last: the world isn’t as horrific as you think
Hans Rosling
Things are bad, and it feels like they are getting worse, right?   Well, that’s true. Most things used to be worse. This              Yes. Does it make sense to say it is bad? Yes, absolutely. Does
War, violence, natural disasters, corruption. The rich are         tendency to misremember is compounded by the never-                saying “things are improving” imply that everything is fine,
getting richer and the poor are getting poorer; and we will        ending negative news from across the world.                        and we should all not worry? Not at all: it’s both bad and
soon run out of resources unless something drastic is done.                                                                           better. That is how we must think about the current state of
That’s the picture most people in the west see in the media     Stories about gradual improvements rarely make the front              the world.
and carry around in their heads.                                page even when they occur on a dramatic scale and affect
                                                                millions of people. And thanks to increasing press freedom            Take girls’ education. When women are educated, the
I call it the overdramatic worldview. It’s stressful and        and improving technology, we hear about more disasters                workforce becomes diversified and able to make better
misleading. In fact, the vast majority of the world’s           than ever before. In the United States, the violent crime rate        decisions. Educated mothers have fewer children, and more
population live somewhere in the middle of the income scale. has been falling since 1990. But each time something horrific            survive. More energy is invested in each child’s education: a
Step by step, year by year, the world is improving. In the past or shocking happened – pretty much every year – a crisis was          virtuous cycle of change. Ninety per cent of girls of primary
two centuries, life expectancy has more than doubled.           reported. The majority of people believe that violent crime is        school age attend school; for boys, it’s 92%. There are still
Although the world faces huge challenges, we have made          getting worse.                                                        gender differences when it comes to education in the
tremendous progress.                                                                                                                  poorest countries, especially in secondary and higher
                                                                My guess is you feel that me saying that the world is getting         education, but that’s no reason to deny the progress that has
It is absolutely true that there are many bad things in this    better is like me telling you that everything is fine, and that       been made.
world. The number of conflict fatalities has been falling since feels ridiculous. I agree. Everything is not fine. We should still
the second world war, but the Syrian war has reversed this      be very concerned. As long as there are plane crashes,                Remember that the media and activists rely on drama to grab
trend. Terrorism too is rising. Overfishing and the             preventable child deaths, endangered species, climate                 your attention; that negative stories are more dramatic than
deterioration of the seas are truly worrisome. The list of      change sceptics, male chauvinists, crazy dictators, toxic             positive ones; and how simple it is to construct a story of
endangered species is getting longer. But while it is easy to   waste, journalists in prison, and girls not getting an                crisis from a temporary dip pulled out of its context of a long-
be aware of all the bad things happening in the world, it’s     education, we cannot relax. But it is just as ridiculous to look      term improvement. When you hear about something
harder to know about the good things. Over the past 20          away from the progress that has been made. The consequent             terrible, calm yourself by asking: if there had been a positive
years, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty has loss of hope can be devastating. When people wrongly                    improvement, would I have heard about that? Even if there
almost halved.                                                  believe that nothing is improving, they may lose confidence           had been hundreds of larger improvements, would I have
                                                                in measures that actually work.                                       heard?
Our instinct to notice the bad more than the good is related
to three things: the misremembering of the past; selective      How can we help our brains to realise that things are getting         Hans Rosling was a Swedish physician, academic and
reporting by journalists and activists; and the feeling that as better? Think of the world as a very sick premature baby in           statistician, who died in 2017. This is an edited excerpt from
long as things are bad, it’s heartless to say they are getting  an incubator. After a week, she is improving, but she has to          his posthumously published book Factfulness: Ten Reasons
better. For centuries, older people have romanticised their     stay in the incubator because her health is still critical. Does it   We’re Wrong about the World.
youths and insisted that things ain’t what they used to be.     make sense to say that the infant’s situation is improving?
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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Principal’s Reading w/b 14th Jan                                                                                                                           Achieve at BBA
 Diversity is Britain’s Greatest Strength
It’s time for politicians to unlock the huge, untapped     narrowed our political perspectives; if politicians are       “improbable journey” is something we should all be
potential of our diverse, multicultural society – and      from similar backgrounds, and have similar experiences        inspired by.
confound those who seek to divide us.                      and outlooks, they begin to look unfamiliar to many of        In October my first book, Diversify, will argue the case
British politicians of all persuasions used to promote     those they represent. That in turn causes people to           for the social, moral and economic benefits of diversity,
diversity as one of the jewels in the crown of our         disengage from politics.                                      while also exploring how limited we are by social
society. Diversity was viewed as a visible indication of   But if we let extremists, who don’t believe in democracy      division – and provide simple steps on how to better
the vibrancy of an inclusive, multicultural society,       and an inclusive society, persuade us through acts of         connect with the “other”. Researchers at Oxford
something to be celebrated and reflected throughout all    violence that multiculturalism doesn’t work, and we turn      University have also compiled data on the current levels
levels of society. In reality however, vested interests    our backs on diversity, we become a more divided              of inequality faced by each of the “other” groups and the
mean our society is still ruled by elites and inequality issociety.                                                      statistics indicate there is still much cause for concern.
entrenched. The desire to concentrate power and            Rather than shrink from diversity we need to fully            Only 4% of doctors, 6% of barristers, 11% of journalists
influence in the hands of a small circle chokes the dream  embrace it. We should be using the best talents in            and 12% of solicitors come from working-class
of a diverse, meritocratic system of social progression.   society to deal with threats such as terrorism – and          backgrounds; women earn 14% less than men; and only
                                                           including people with experiences, skills and an              one in 16 top management positions are held by an
The town that pioneered multiculturalism                   understanding beyond those of a narrow elite. Ideally,        ethnic minority person.
Horrific terrorist attacks perpetrated by British citizens individuals from marginalised communities where               But change can happen. What we need is action from
whose hearts resided elsewhere reinforce the idea that     extremism develops in the shadows would be                    our politicians.
multiculturalism itself is under siege. And last year’s    encouraged to share an understanding of how to tackle         There is so much untapped potential: the economy that
referendum result had already appeared to signal that      its origins. However, racial and cultural inclusion is only   is efficient enough to capture the talents of all those
multiculturalism was no longer desired by a majority of part of a bigger picture. We need to look at inequality as       available to contribute, and is capable of utilising all its
the nation.                                                a whole: we need more leaders who the                         greatest minds, will be a model the rest of the world will
Yet diversity is necessary for the legitimacy of any       underrepresented can identify with.                           be desperate to emulate. We must not allow those who
representative democracy. Over the years we have seen If our politics was more reflective and representative of          seek to divide us to prevent us from achieving this.
low levels of voter participation and poor engagement      the population, it would help address voter apathy and        Whoever wins the election, diversity must be at the top
among minorities and other overlooked groups. Women, shape the sorts of policies we desperately need                     of the agenda.
black and minority ethnic communities, young people or This is not an impossible feat: the US, with its history of
those with disabilities – huge swaths of the electorate    slavery and segregation, elected a black president with a
have felt uninspired to exercise their right to suffrage.  Muslim middle name and an African surname. We also
This is in part because those representing the population see further progress in Ireland, a country formerly
have not reflected us in terms of ethnicity, gender,       defined by its Catholicism, now choosing an openly gay,
disability, class and sexual orientation. This failure has half-Indian prime minister, Leo Varadkar. His

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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Principal’s Reading w/b 21st Jan                                                                                                                                                     Achieve at BBA
The Fight for Freedom of the Press
“In Mexico, ‘It’s Easy to Kill a Journalist’” — The New York Times          restrictions on electronic recording and dissemination,          the dismantling of “The Jungle” encampment for refugees in Calais.
                                                                                                                                              Several photographers and reporters were taken into police custody
“Police illegally obtained journalist’s phone records under new
metadata retention regime” — The Sydney Morning Herald                      licence requirements to conduct journalism,                      while making reports about migrants, both there and on the Italian
                                                                                                                                              border.
“Donald Trump attacks US media at 100-day Pennsylvania rally” —             restrictions on journalists’ movements,
The BBC                                                                                                                                          During the 2016 protests against a new labour law in France,
Each week brings more evidence of how freedom of the press is               monitoring of journalists by authorities,                        videos show that people filming or photographing demonstrations
being eroded in all parts of the world. It is, therefore, no surprise to                                                                      were deliberately beaten. Many reporters said their press armbands
read that this year’s surveys of press freedom paint a dark picture of  jamming of foreign broadcasts, and                                   turned them into targets instead of protecting them.
the global situation. “Media freedom is under threat now more than
ever,” according to Reporters ‘Without Borders’ 2017 World Press          blocking of foreign correspondents.                                How can the fight for the freedom of the press be best pursued?
Freedom Index. Freedom House’s Freedom of the Press 2017 report
declared:                                                                The resulting list of the 10 Most Censored Countries includes        It is true, if trite, to say there are no easy answers. Constant
                                                                         Eritrea, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Azerbaijan, Vietnam,   vigilance and constant coverage of the issues, especially in our own
Evidence for the threats to press freedom commonly includes the
                                                                                                                                              countries of residence and work, is the first necessity. Joining and
number of journalists killed, imprisoned and exiled. Since 1992, the Iran, China, Myanmar, and Cuba.
                                                                                                                                              supporting the advocacy groups working in this area is another step.
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has recorded 1236 confirmed
                                                                        Where are photographers and visual journalists in this                Working with the coalition calling for the appointment of a
deaths. These are cases where CPJ is “reasonably certain that a
                                                                        global picture?                                                       “journalists’ protector” with the position of special representative
journalist was murdered in direct reprisal for his or her work; was
                                                                                                                                              to the United Nations secretary-general for the safety of journalists
killed in crossfire during combat situations; or was killed while       Many have been killed while doing their work. A number of
                                                                                                                                              is important too.
carrying out a dangerous assignment such as coverage of a street        photographers have also been detained without good reason for
protest.” In 2016, the CPJ reported 259 journalists were jailed         too long a time. The Reporters ‘Without Borders’ lists three          We recognise there are many issues related to press freedom to be
worldwide and 452 journalists had been forced into exile in the last    photographers imprisoned in Bahrain, one in China and three in        addressed in Indonesia itself, including media access and freedom in
six years. The geography of danger for journalists includes war         Egypt. In Egypt, the case of Mahmoud Abu Zeid (also known as          West Papua. We’ll be making clear that quality visual journalism
zones like Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya, as well as countries     Shawkan), imprisoned since August 2013, is the best known.            helps provide accurate and independent reporting. Accurate and
suffering internal violence like Mexico, the Philippines, Colombia                                                                            independent reporting is what distinguishes a free press. And a free
and Russia.                                                             While long-term detention is rare in democracies, there are still
                                                                                                                                              press is the vehicle that secures freedom of speech.
                                                                        significant cases of journalists being threatened, as the latest
Censorship is another indicator of declining press freedom, and         Reporters ‘Without Borders’ report makes clear:
governments and others are finding new ways to promote
repression, many of which compromise the necessity of an open               In Spain, a magazine photographer was fined in April 2016 for
internet. The CPJ analyses countries to determine their status using    posting a photo of a policeman arresting a woman on Twitter. The
a series of benchmarks, including:                                      fine was imposed under the Protection of Citizen Security Law, one
                                                                        of the aims of which is to protect the image of the Spanish police,
    the absence of privately owned or independent media,               restricting the right to demonstrate and limiting the rights of
                                                                        journalists to gather and disseminate information.
    blocking of websites,
                                                                            In France, there were restrictions on the media’s coverage of

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Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
Principal’s Reading w/b 28th Jan                                                                                                                                                                                                Achieve at BBA
 What is the National Identity?                                                         Although the focus of the research was England, we also commissioned surveys          only a third say the country's diversity is an important part of their identity.
                                                                                        in Scotland, Wales and in Northern Ireland to compare and contrast attitudes          Among those who describe themselves as more British than English, the figure
I spent St George's Day this year in Nottingham, among a large crowd bedecked           across the kingdom.                                                                   is two-thirds.
in the red and white of their national saint. "Why can't we celebrate St George?"
they asked me. "The Irish, Scots and Welsh have their national days. Why can't          Identities intertwined                                                                Better in the past?
we English have ours?"
                                                                                        All of us have multiple identities, of course. We may have a strong sense of          The greatest contributors to English identity, the survey suggests, are the natural
The irony was obvious. No-one had suggested they couldn't. Indeed, a huge St            belonging to one nation or more than one. We may feel powerful allegiance to a        landscape and the nation's history. The strongest image of England is a pre-
George's flag was draped across the town hall and police were good-naturedly            county or a city. People in England may feel English, British, something else or a    industrial bucolic nation populated by well-mannered and virtuous citizens.
marshalling hundreds of patriots to the main square. The Lord Mayor of                  mixture.                                                                              People generally see England as conservative and traditional rather than liberal
Nottingham, in full regalia, had given the official send-off.                                                                                                                 and outward-looking.
                                                                                        Our survey tested the relative strengths of people's relationship with different
I have encountered such defensiveness many times. There is a commonly held              geographies. Its findings suggest 80% of the residents of England identify            There is more than a hint of nostalgia about people's sense of Englishness.
belief that, for all its size and influence within the union, England is treated like   strongly as English. But it also finds a similar proportion, 82%, strongly identify   Almost three times as many of its residents think England was 'better in the past'
an embarrassing uncle at a wedding.                                                     as British.                                                                           than believe its best years lie in the future.

It is fair to say that the politics of devolution over the past 20 years have focused   Only small proportions said they were one but not the other. British and English      In Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, by contrast, significantly more people
attention on the identity politics of other parts of the United Kingdom. The            identities are intertwined; they are strands of the same national thread.             think their country's best years lie ahead rather than behind them.
appropriation of the St George's flag by elements of the far right has also
intensified squeamishness for English nationalism.
                                                                                        Some have suggested that the British identity is being strangled by rising English So while the rest of the UK feels pretty optimistic about their prospects, England
                                                                                        nationalism, but that idea is not borne out by the survey.                          seems particularly glum. The more English people feel, the more retrospective
But the relationship between the people of England and the country in which                                                                                                 they are, and English wistfulness is particularly strong among those who voted to
they dwell is fundamental to understanding the volatility of contemporary politics.                                                                                         leave in the Brexit referendum.
                                                                                        Indeed, the British identity is felt strongly by all generations - exactly the same
                                                                                        proportion (83%) of both 18-24 year-olds and 50-64-year-olds report a powerful
How proud is your area of being English?                                                association with Britain.                                                             England's Christian tradition is important for almost half of Leave voters, but only
                                                                                                                                                                              29% of remain voters. Leave voters are significantly more likely to talk of
Which part of the UK presents its greatest existential challenge? Scotland as it        It's a strong national characteristic across almost every demographic: politics,      Englishness in terms of history, fair play, tolerance, plain-speaking and
tests the waters of independence? Northern Ireland with its borders buffeted by         education, class and geography.                                                       friendliness than those who wanted to remain.
the winds of Brexit? The nationalist flames of the Welsh dragon, perhaps?
                                                                                        The English identity, however, is felt more variably.                                 But not everyone is comfortable calling themselves English. Eight out of ten
The answer, I believe, is to be found buried in the soil of England. A quarter of                                                                                             people regard it is a strong part of their identity but fewer than six in ten say it is
the population believe English interests should be prioritised, even if that were to                                                                                          a source of pride.
                                                                                        Pride in identifying as English is weaker among the young (45%) and stronger
threaten the United Kingdom.
                                                                                        among the old (72%). This is the reverse of the experience in Wales where the
                                                                                        strength of the Welsh identity reduces with age. In Scotland, over 80% of all age- For some it is the opposite: among graduates, the young, Labour and Lib Dem
England has long been the conundrum at the heart of the union, which is why,            groups say they feel strongly Scottish.                                                voters, remain voters, Londoners, Mancunians and Liverpudlians, roughly one
two years ago, I proposed the BBC should conduct a comprehensive survey of                                                                                                     person in 10 says they would be embarrassed to describe themselves as
English identity. I suggested that until we understood what England means to its                                                                                               English.
                                                                                        In England, Conservative voters are much more likely to say they are proud to
people, predicting its future would be very difficult.
                                                                                        be English (77%) than those who support Labour (45%) and the Liberal
                                                                                        Democrats (42%). Among leave supporters in the Brexit referendum English               Nevertheless, the interlaced English and British identities remain an important
The day I was due to discuss my plan with senior editors was 20 February 2016.          pride is 75%, among those who voted remain it is 44%.                                  part of how the people of England see themselves. For many it seems the two
The meeting never took place, of course. That morning David Cameron                                                                                                            are almost interchangeable, reflecting an enduring loyalty and love for the
announced the UK would hold a referendum on our membership of the                                                                                                              nation, its story and its values.
                                                                                        The sharpest divide in English identity is associated with ethnicity. While 61% of
European Union.
                                                                                        people who describe themselves as white are proud to declare their English
                                                                                        identity, among ethnic minorities it is just 32%. British identity is strongly felt by Being English is more than a factual statement about place of birth or
Almost two years later and 'The English Question' project did finally get the go-       three-quarters of the BME population.                                                  citizenship. It is an attitude and a state of mind.
ahead. Working with the pollsters YouGov and academics, we devised a
questionnaire on identity and belonging, to be completed by more than 20,000
                                                                                        The English identity emerges as more exclusive while the British identity is seen
people in England.
                                                                                        as more inclusive. Among those who call themselves English rather than British,

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Principal’s Reading w/b 4th Feb                                                                                                                                                   Achieve at BBA
North Korean Censorship Blinds Not Just the People, But Also Their Rulers
It is possible to argue that North Korea has the world’s strictest   possibly know about what is going on inside your country? Of          officials, being unable to cover things up, would also be more
media censorship system. North Korean media outlets are,             course, normally dictators rely on classified official reports, but   inclined to compile honest reports.
essentially, a branch of the government propaganda bureaucracy.      there is one serious problem with these papers: they are written
Their goal is not to inform, but to indoctrinate and control         by officials who have a vested interest in presenting situations in   The North Korean government has implemented policies to
common people, to explain to them what they should think about       the most favorable light. This is understandable: most officials      prevent outside sources of information from reaching the people
the world. In a sense, North Korean media exists to distort the      report about the state of affairs in the regions or fields they are   of North Korea. Starting in the 1990s when famine overtook the
picture of the world in accordance with the ever-changing            responsible for. Thus, the supreme leader always gets a distorted     country, traders used cell phones as a means to illegally bring
demands of the ruling elite.                                         picture.                                                              food and goods across the border. Cellular devices were
                                                                                                                                           introduced in North Korea in 2002 only to be temporarily banned
North Korean leaders believe that this system is necessary to        For example, if there is a region which is just about to be struck    two years later.
keep people obedient and controllable, to prevent the rise of        by a famine, we should not normally expect that a region’s
criticism about the government. This might be the case, indeed:      governor (or, in the case of North Korea, party secretary) is going Political problems
Being unaware of the alternatives to their lifestyles, people are    to compile an honest report about the problems. At the end of the Political problems might pose an even bigger challenge. Officials
less likely to dream about a change.                                 day, the party secretary is likely to be held responsible for the     will sometimes report economic problems, but they are almost
                                                                     food shortages, so he has every reason to play the problems down certain to remain silent about sensitive but important political
However, this system of total control also leads to serious side     on the assumption that the crisis will somehow solve itself.          issues like, say, a decline in the government’s popularity. They
effects which touch not only common people but also the                                                                                    are bound to assure the dictator that he and his entourage are
decision-makers and top elite. To put it simply, the hyper-          Of course, the party secretary can also be punished for submitting widely popular, even when the country is actually on the brink of
censored media does not merely blind common people, but              false reports, but if he frankly admits the chaos in agriculture      a revolution.
distorts the vision of the elite as well.                            within his jurisdiction, the punishment is nearly certain.
                                                                                                                                           It is not surprising that a majority of overthrown dictators
One can say that there are two major tasks a free media usually      Thus, North Korean officials have every reason to exaggerate          sincerely believed themselves to be popular and admired virtually
has. On one hand, it exists to provide the public with a             their successes while hiding their lack of performance. As a          until the moment when rebels began to ram the gates of their
reasonably truthful picture of life, its challenges and problems.    result, North Korea's "Supreme Leader" has no means to find out       palaces. If the dictators had a less controlled press, they would be
On the other hand, it serves as a channel through which the elite    what is actually going on in his country and unavoidably lives in     much more likely to see coming trouble and readjust their
can receive critical and independent estimates of the country’s      a world of illusions. His tough approach to the officials does not    policies or, alternatively, look for escape before it was too late.
external and internal situation. The absence of such a channel is    help either: being terrified, they are even less likely to tell bad
dangerous.                                                           news to the ruler.                                                    So dictators use strict media control to blind the people, but
                                                                     If North Korea had a free or at least less controlled press, things   they also end up blinding themselves. And North Korea, the
A distorted picture                                                  would be very different. An independent media would find out          country with the world’s toughest censorship, seems to be a place
If you are a dictator with more or less absolute power like Kim      the problems immediately, so the top leaders would soon learn         where this dangerous trend is especially pronounced.
Jong Un, North Korea’s “Supreme Leader,” how can you                 about possible difficulties. And local Party secretaries and other

                                                                                                       11
Principal’s Reading w/b 11th Feb                                                                                         Achieve at BBA

The History of Valentine’s Day
Every February 14, gifts are exchanged          that he be put to death.                        well as to the Roman founders Romulus and
between loved ones, all in the name of Saint                                                    Remus.
                                            Other stories suggest that Valentine may
Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint,have been killed for attempting to help             Valentine’s Day: A Day of Romance
and where did these traditions come from?   Christians escape harsh Roman prisons,
Find out about the history of this centuries-                                                   During the Middle Ages, it was commonly
                                            where they were often beaten and tortured.
old holiday, from ancient Roman rituals to                                                      believed in France and England that
                                            According to one legend, an imprisoned
the customs of Victorian England.                                                               February 14 was the beginning of birds’
                                            Valentine actually sent the first “valentine”       mating season, which added to the idea that
The Legend of Saint Valentine               greeting himself after he fell in love with a       the middle of Valentine’s Day should be a
                                            young girl (possibly his jailer’s daughter)
The history of Valentine’s Day (and the                                                         day for romance. Valentine greetings were
                                            who visited him during his confinement.
story of its patron saint) is shrouded in                                                       popular as far back as the Middle Ages,
mystery. We do know that February has long Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote        though written Valentine’s didn’t begin to
                                            her a letter signed “From your Valentine,” an
been celebrated as a month of romance, and                                                      appear until after 1400. The oldest known
                                            expression that is still in use today.
that Saint Valentine’s Day, as we know it                                                       valentine still in existence today was a poem
today, contains parts of both Christian and Origins of Valentine’s Day: A Pagan Festival        written in 1415 by Charles, Duke of Orleans,
ancient Roman tradition. But who was Saint in February                                          to his wife while he was imprisoned in the
Valentine, and how did he become associated While some believe that Valentine’s Day is          Tower of London following his capture at
with this ancient rite?                                                                         the Battle of Agincourt.
                                            celebrated in the middle of February to
One legend contends that Valentine was a        commemorate the anniversary of Valentine’s
priest who served during the third century      death or burial (which probably occurred
in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided       around A.D. 270) others claim that the
that single men made better soldiers than       Christian church may have decided to place
those with wives and families, he outlawed      Saint Valentine’s feast day in the middle of
marriage for young men. Valentine, realising    February in an effort to “Christianise” the
the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius    pagan celebration of Lupercalia. Celebrated
and continued to perform marriages for          at the ides of February, or February 15,
young lovers in secret. When Valentine’s        Lupercalia was a fertility festival dedicated
actions were discovered, Claudius ordered       to Faunus, the Roman god of agriculture, as

                                                                     12
200 Word Challenges                                                                                                                        Achieve at BBA
                                      Task                            Vocabulary to include:   Plan your response to take the thinking
                                                                                               out of the writing process. This will allow you to focus on how well
                                                                                               you are writing, rather than what you are writing.
                 The new year is a time for new beginnings.                Resolutions
  W/b 8th Jan                                                                                  Power 1—your main idea
                 Write about your hopes for the world in 2019.                Utopia
                                                                                               Power 2—3 supporting ideas
                                                                                               Power 3—details for each supporting idea
                                                                                               Power Plus—interesting vocabulary, devices,
                If diversity is one of Britain’s biggest strengths,          Diversity
 W/b 14th Jan
                    what else are our strengths as a nation?                 Benefits

                  “The media is destroying the minds of our                Detrimental
 W/b 21st Jan
                 young people” To what extent do you agree?                  Benefits                                         Power 1

                                                                                                           Power 2           Power 2           Power 2
                                                                            Nationality
                   Explain what it means to have a national
 W/b 28th Jan                                                                Culture
                identity and what your nationality means to you.
                                                                                                       Power 3              Power 3              Power 3

                Explain what you think life would be like if you            Emigrated
  W/b 4th Feb
                        lived in a different country. .                    Government
                                                                                                                            Power Plus

                  “Valentine’s Day is a commercial gimmick                   Gimmick
 W/b 11th Feb   designed to increase gift and card companies'
                    profit”. To what extent do you agree?                  Commercial

                                                                                          13
Knowledge Organiser
     Subjects

         14
Subject: English Literature Year: 10 Term: Spring 1                                                            Achieve at BBA
               Section 1: Key Vocabulary                                             Section 2: Key Facts                                      Section 3: Annotate this poem fully.
Tier 3 vocabulary        Definition                                Questions:                 Answers:                                    War Photographer
Phonetic                 The sounds you make when you              How do the poems           Both poems show that war brings
                         speak.                                                                                                           The reassurance of the frame is - flexible
                                                                   ‘Sennacherib’ and          suffering and pain to family members
Accent                   A distinctive way of pronouncing a                                                                               – you can think that just outside it
                                                                   ‘Poppies’ explore the      of the men involved in the conflict. In
                         language, especially one associated                                                                              people eat, sleep, love normally
                                                                                              Byron’s poem the ‘widows’ grieve for
                         with a particular country, area, or       effects of war?                                                        while I seek out the tragic, the absurd,
                                                                                              their lost husbands and sons, while in
                         social class.                                                                                                    to make a subject.
                                                                                              Poppies, the mother grieves over losing
Dialect                  A particular form of a language which                                                                            Or if the picture’s such as lifts the heart
                                                                                              her son to adulthood and possibly
                         is peculiar to a specific region or so-                                                                          the firmness of the edges can convince you
                                                                                              death.
                         cial group.                                                                                                      this is how things are
Quatrain                 A stanza of four lines, especially one    How is the theme of        Both narrators regret aspects of their
                         having alternate rhymes.                  regret explored in         past, however, the character in             – as when at Ascot once
Extended Metaphor        Refers to a comparison between two                                   ‘Prelude’ can see that his loss of          I took a pair of peach, sun-gilded girls
                                                                   ‘Prelude’ and ‘The Man
                         unlike things that continues through-                                innocence is an essential part of           rolling, silk-crumpled, on the grass
                                                                   He Killed’?
                         out a series of sentences in a para-                                 growing up, whereas the speaker in          in champagne giggles
                         graph, or lines in a poem.                                           ‘The Man He Killed’ intimates that his
Tier 2 vocabulary        Definition                                                           sorry situation could have been             – as last week, when I followed a small girl
Revulsion                A sense of disgust and loathing.                                     avoided.                                    staggering down some devastated street,
                                                                                              Both poems show that despite great          hip thrust out under a baby’s weight.
                                                                   How is racism addressed
Grievances               A feeling of resentment over some-                                   advances in equality, racism still exists   She saw me seeing her; my finger pressed.
                                                                   in ‘Half-Caste’ and ‘No
                         thing believed to be wrong or unfair.                                in modern UK culture. Zephaniah
                                                                   Problem’?
Exploitation             The action or fact of treating some-                                 suggests that British culture can accept    At the corner, the first bomb of the morning
                         one unfairly in order to benefit from                                black people becoming elite athletes,       shattered the stones.
                         their work.                                                          but it doesn’t allow them to rise in        Instinct prevailing, she dropped her burden
Prejudice                Preconceived opinion that is not                                     other areas such as academia.               and, mouth too small for her dark scream,
                         based on reason or actual experience.                                                                            began to run…
Occupation               A job or profession.                      What do the poems ‘Class   In both poems the narrators are
                                                                   Game’ and ‘Cousin Kate’    working class, and suffer because of        The picture showed the little mother
Illustrates              To serve as an example of.                have to say about social   their social status. Determining class      the almost-smile. Their caption read
                                                                                              can be quite complex, but factors such      ‘Even in hell the human spirit
Academia                 The environment or community con-         class?
                                                                                              as your occupation, level of education      triumphs over all.’
                         cerned with the pursuit of research,
                                                                                              and choice of leisure activities all        But hell, like heaven, is untidy,
                         education, and scholarship.
                                                                                              contribute to shaping your class            its boundaries
Intimates                To show or provide an example or
                                                                                              identity. ‘Cousin Kate’ illustrates how     arbitrary as a blood stain on a wall.
                         inference of something.
                                                                                              working class Victorian women were
Democracy                A system of government by the whole
                                                                                              vulnerable and could be manipulated         Carole Satyamurti
                         population or all the eligible members
                                                                                              by others.
                         of a state, typically through elected
                         representatives.
                                                                                              15
Subject: English Language Topic: Paper 2 question 5 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1                                                              Achieve at BBA
                     Section 1: Key Vocabulary                                                          Section 2: Key Facts                                                            Section 3
Tier 3 vocabulary           Definition                                           Questions:                       Answers:
                                                                                                                                                              “School uniform is an essential aspect of school life. It
                                                                                 How should I plan my answer?     Use the statement to generate ideas for
Form                         The type of text you are writing
                                                                                                                  your power plan                             promotes discipline and it prepares students for the world
Audience                     The person/people that will read your writing.      How should I set out a letter?   Your address top right, their address       of work”
Purpose                      The reason you are writing                                                           below this on the left, date underneath.
                                                                                                                                                              Write a letter to your principal offering your views on this
Register                    The level of formality of a text                                                                                                  statement.
                                                                                 How should I set out a           Paragraphs. Start by greeting your
Attitude                     Your feelings towards an issue                      speech?                          audience
                                                                                 How should I set out an          Headline, date, first paragraph gives an
                                                                                                                                                              Use this new sample question to plan your response like
Perspective                  The way you look at an issue                                                                                                     the example below.
                                                                                 article?                         overview of the story.
Viewpoint                    Your thoughts about an issue                        When should I address my         In every paragraph, making it clear what
                                                                                                                                                              ‘Homework has no value. It is a waste of time. Some
                                                                                 audience?                        action you want them to take.
Argument                    Reasoning and thought to make a point.
                                                                                                                                                              students don’t do it at all.’
Persuasive                  Trying to bring someone around to your way of        How do I make my writing         Adopt a voice appropriate to the task (a
                            thinking.                                            convincing and compelling?       knowledgeable person)
Anaphora                    Repetition at the beginning of successive clauses,
                                                                                                                                                                                  Vehemently disagree
                            phrases or sentences.                                How do I start?                   Explain who you are, why you are
Rhetoric                    Appealing to the hearts and minds of your                                             writing, where you heard the statement
                                                                                                                                                                                      Not at BBA
                            audience.                                                                             and what you want them to do about the
Logos                       Appealing to a person’s logic                                                         issue.

Ethos                       Appealing to a person’s character                    What should I avoid when         ‘I am writing to you to tell you about my
                                                                                                                                                                No value              Waste of time       Some don’t do
                                                                                 starting to write?               view on…’
Pathos                      Appealing to a person’s emotions.                    What is the statement for?       To help generate ideas. Never write: ‘I                                                 it at all
Tentative language          Not certain or fixed e.g. possibly                                                    agree with the statement’ as the reader
                                                                                                                  will not know what the statement is.
Dystopian/utopian           An imperfect/perfect world
                                                                                                                                                                Promotes inde-        Learning is never    School expecta-
Tier 2 vocabulary           Definition                                           How do I create a convincing     Stick to one viewpoint and use counter
                                                                                                                                                                pendence              a waste of time      tion that all do it
Vehemently                  To have strong feelings about something
                                                                                 argument?                        arguments to strengthen your own
                                                                                                                  opinions.                                     Supports learning     Too much time is     Checked daily
Preposterous                Ridiculous                                           How can I make my writing        Think beyond the most obvious. Think of
                                                                                                                                                                in class              wasted on gam-
                                                                                 impressive?                      an idea that you don’t think others will                                                 Sanctions for
Moral                       Decent, honest, respectable                                                                                                                               ing/on phones
                                                                                                                  write about.                                  Promotes disci-                            those who don’t
Obligation                  A sense of duty                                                                                                                                           etc
                                                                                 How can I vary my                Start with an adverb, a verb, despite,        pline
                                                                                                                                                                                                           Choosing to fall
Reckless                    Irresponsible                                        sentences?                       although, like, as, when, whist, a proper                           Habits
                                                                                                                                                                Builds knowledge                           behind their
                                                                                                                  noun.
Fundamentally               Of central importance                                                                                                                                     Feeds into           peers
                                                                                 How can I vary my                Use a colon or a semicolon to join two        Improves confi-
Proposal                    Idea or suggestion                                   punctuation?                     sentences together or use an ellipsis or                            spaced retrieval
                                                                                                                                                                dence
Agreeable                   Pleasant                                                                              exclamation mark.
                                                                                 How can I add emphasis to an     Use a short sentence before or after          Improves grades
Compromise                  Coming to an agreement or settlement
                                                                                 important idea?                  introducing your idea.
Convincing                  Believable
                                                                                 What sort of sentences should    Declarative, imperative, interrogative,
                                                                                                                                                                Fundamental, obligation, vehemently
Compelling                  Gripping or interesting                              I use?                           exclamatory

                                                                                                                   16
Subject: Maths Year: 10 Term: Spring 1                                                         Achieve at BBA
                     Section 1: Key Vocabulary                                       Section 2: Important Ideas                                                  Section 3:
Tier 3 vocabulary              Definition                                                                                               This is a speed-time graph of a car journey. It shows that
                                                                          How can pressure be       Force applied divided by the
                                                                             calculated?            area it is applied to.              the car started from rest and sped up. It travelled at a
                               A measure of the distance travelled by                                                                   constant speed then slowed down to a stop.
          Speed
                               an object in a certain time.

                                                                         How is average speed       Distance travelled divided by the
                               The rate of change of the speed over
       Acceleration                                                          calculated?            time taken to complete that
                               a given time.
                                                                                                    distance.

                               A measure of the amount of matter in
         Density                                                             How is density         The mass of an object divided by
                               a certain volume.
                                                                              calculated?           the volume of the object.           The gradient of each line segment represents the
                               The quantity of matter in an                                                                             acceleration.
           Mass
                               object.                                                                                                           For the first part of this graph the acceleration was:
                               A measure of the amount of force           How is acceleration       Change in velocity divided by the                                       50/20 = 2.5 m/s/s (or m/s2)
         Pressure              per unit area.                                calculated?            time taken.                         The area enclosed by the graph and the x-axis represents
                                                                                                                                        the distance travelled.
                               The study of the motion of                                                                                    This graph is in the shape of a trapezium so the area is:
        Kinematics                                                                                                                                                   (a+b)h÷2 = (20+50)50÷2 = 1750m
                               objects.
                               How far an object has travelled          How is the volume of any    Area of cross section multiplied
         Distance
                               during some motion.                         prism calculated?        by the length of the prism
                               The point where a line or curve
         Intercept
                               crosses an axis.
                               The study of the motion of                                                                               If the graph is made up of curved lines, then you need to
         Gradient
                               objects.                                                                                                 estimate the area under the graph by splitting it into
Tier 2 vocabulary              Definition                                                                                               simpler shapes.
                                                                        How is the gradient of a    A tangent to the curve at a
                                                                         curve approximated?        particular point is drawn and
           Initial             Something that occurs first.                                         the gradient of that line
                                                                                                    calculated.
                               To change the form of
         Convert
                               measurement.                                                                                             This would give an underestimate of the area as a small
                                                                                                                                        part of the region under the graph is not included.
                               A rough drawing representing the                                                                         Sketch your own curved graph and split it into simple
          Sketch
                               key features.                                                                                            shapes.

                                                                                                   17
Subject: Biology Topic: B2.1 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1                                                 Achieve at BBA
               Section 1: Key Vocabulary                                                   Section 2: Important ideas                                          Section 3: Copy and label
Tier 3 vocabulary   Definition                                         1. What diffuses into and out     1. Glucose and oxygen diffuse into cells,
Diffusion           The net movement of particles from                 of cells in the human body?       carbon dioxide diffuses out.
                    a region of high concentration to one of low
                    concentration. Particles move down the             2. How can you increase the       2. Decrease the distance the
                    concentration gradient.                            rate of diffusion?                particles need to move; increase the
                                                                                                         concentration gradient; increase the
Osmosis             The movement of water molecules, from a                                              surface area.
                    high water potential to a low water potential,
                    across a partially                                 3. How does the difference in     3. The higher the difference in water
                    permeable membrane.                                water potential of two            potential, the faster the rate of
Water potential     The concentration of free water                    solutions affect the rate of      osmosis.
                    molecules. Pure water has the highest              osmosis?
                    possible water potential, as all the water
                    molecules are free to move.                        4. Explain why active             4. Substances are moved against the
                                                                       transport requires the            concentration gradient (from low
Plasmolysis         When enough water is lost from a plant cell
                                                                       use of energy.                    concentration to high) and this
                    that the cell membrane
                                                                                                         requires energy .
                    collapses away from the cell wall.
Crenated            When an animal cell loses so much water it         5. Give an example of where       5. Mineral ions being moved from the
                    crinkles and is described as crenated.             active transport takes place.     soil into plant roots. Glucose being
Active transport    The movement of substances against a                                                 absorbed from the small
                    concentration gradient, using ATP.                                                   intestine into the bloodstream.

ATP                 A unit of energy.                                  6. What happens to make a         6. The plant cell takes up water by
                                                                       plant cell turgid?                osmosis and the pressure inside the cell
Carrier protein     A special protein that spans the width of a                                                                                      Active transport
                    cell membrane. It uses energy to transport
                                                                       7. State the stages of the cell   7. DNA replication     movement of
                    substances into and out of the cell, against
                                                                       cycle.                            chromosomes        cytokinesis
                    the concentration gradient.

Mitosis             The process of a normal body cell
                                                                       8. Why do cells undergo           8. To replace worn out cells; to
                    dividing to make genetically identical cells.
                                                                       mitosis?                          repair damaged cells; for growth.
Tier 2 vocabulary   Definition
                                                                       9. Give some examples of          9. Animals: nerve cells, red blood cells,
                                                                                                                                                         Osmosis
Differentiation     The conversion of cell from being                  specialised cells.                fat cells.
                    unspecialised to specialised.

Stem cells          Stem cells are undifferentiated cells. Adult       10. What are the                  10. The meristems are the growing
                    stem cells can become a limited number of          meristems and where are           regions of a plant where cells are
                    cell types. Embryonic stem cells are able to       they found?                       unspecialised. They are the root tips,
                    grow into a wide range of cells.                                                     shoot tips, leaf nodes and buds.

                                                                                                          18
Subject: Biology Topic: B2.2 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1                                  Achieve at BBA
                  Section 1: Key Vocabulary                                                 Section 2: Important ideas                            Section 3: Copy and label
Tier 3 vocabulary      Definition
                                                                           1. How does surface area:     1. The larger the organism, the
Circulatory system     The heart and blood vessels make up the
                       circulatory system.                                 volume ratio change as an     smaller the surface area: volume
                       Blood travels through the heart twice during
                                                                           organism gets bigger?         ratio becomes.
Double circulatory
                       each circuit of the body.                                                         Diffusion alone will not be sufficient
system
                       Carry blood away from the heart at high                                           to meet the needs of the organism.
Arteries
                       pressure.
                                                                           2. Why do arteries have       2. Blood leaves the heart at high
Veins                  Return blood to the heart.
                                                                           thick muscular walls?         pressure. Thick muscular walls are
                       Contain valves to stop the blood from
                       flowing backwards.
                                                                                                         needed to withstand this pressure.

Capillaries            The blood vessels that link                         3. Explain why the walls of 3. Substances can easily move
                       arteries and veins.                                 capillaries are just one cell through capillary walls to the tissues
Atria (plural)         The smaller top chambers of the heart. There        thick and semi-permeable. and organs.
Atrium (singular)      is a right and a left atrium.
                                                                           4. What separates an          4. A valve snaps shut to stop the
Ventricles             The larger lower chambers of the heart. There
                                                                           atrium from a ventricle?      blood from flowing backwards.
                       is a right and a left ventricle.

Xylem                  The tissue that transports water up the plant.      5. Why does the left          5. The left side of the heart needs to
                                                                           ventricle have a thicker      create enough pressure to pump the
Phloem                 The tissue that transports sugars (produced
                       during photosynthesis) both up and down the         muscle wall?                  blood all around the body.
                       plant.
                                                                           6. List the main              6. Red blood cells, white blood cells,
Vascular bundle        Xylem and phloem in a plant form structures
                                                                           components of blood?          plasma, platelets.
                       called vascular bundles.
Stomata (plural)       Small holes on the underside of leaves.             7. What is the difference 7. Transpiration is the movement of
Stoma (singular)                                                           between transpiration and water in plants. Translocation is the
Transpiration          The loss of water from a plants leaves              translocation?            movement of dissolved sugars.
Tier 2 vocabulary      Definition                                          8. What is the role of the    8. Transport (of water and sugars)
Circulation            Movement in a circle or loop.                       vascular bundles?             and support of the plant.
Pulse                  A measure of heart rate. Felt as the blood
                                                                           9. What is the function of    9. To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse
                       surges through the artery when the heart
                                                                           the stomata?                  into the leaf. To allow water vapour
                       beats.
                       Liquid water turning into water vapour.
                                                                                                         and oxygen to diffuse out of the leaf.
Evaporation
Humidity               The amount of water in the air.                     10. What is a potometer       10. The movement of the air bubble
                                                                           used for?                     is a measure of transpiration rate.
Light intensity        The amount of light present.
Root hair cells        The cells on the roots of plants that take up       11. Which factors affect      11. Light intensity, temperature,
                       water from the soil.                                the rate of transpiration?    air movement, humidity.
                                                                                                          19
Subject: Chemistry Topic: C3 part 1 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1                                              Achieve at BBA
                Section 1: Key Vocabulary                                              Section 2: Important ideas                                        Section 3: Copy and label
Tier 3 vocabulary         Definition                                  1. What are the formulae for    1. Hydrogen = H2, Chlorine = Cl2,      Diagram 1         Is this an endothermic or exothermic
Diatomic molecule         Molecule containing two atoms               Hydrogen, Chlorine and
                                                                                                      Nitrogen = N2                                            reaction? What does this mean?
Compound ions             An ion formed when a group of atoms         Nitrogen? - What are these
                          loses or gains electrons                    types of formula called?        Diatomic
State symbols             Letters used to represent physical
                          states of substances ie solid (s), liquid   2. The sulfate ion has the      2. The sulfate ion has gained two
                          (l), gas (g), aqueous (aq)                  formula SO42-, what does this   extra electrons as it has a charge
Precipitate               An insoluble solid formed during a          tell you about the electrons?   of 2 minus.
                          reaction involving solutions
mole                      The amount of substance that                3. The ammonium ion has the 3. The ammonium ion has lost an
                          contains 6.02 x 1023 particles              formula NH4+ what does this   electron (negative charge) as it has
                                                                      tell you about the electrons? 1 extra positive charge
Reaction profile          A chart that shows the energy of                                                                                   Diagram2
                          reactants and products in a chemical
                                                                      4. What does the law of         4. the total mass of atoms at the                        Is this an endothermic or exothermic
                          reaction
                                                                      conservation of mass state?     start of a chemical reaction is the                      reaction? What does this mean?
Activation energy         The minimum amount of energy
                                                                                                      same as the end (but the atoms
                          needed for a reaction to start
                                                                                                      might be joined together in a
Endothermic               A process in which there is an overall                                      different way)
                          transfer of energy from the
                          surroundings                                5. Explain whether Diagram 1    5. Endothermic—more energy is
                          A process in which there is an overall
                                                                      shows an endothermic or         stored in the products than in the
Exothermic
                          transfer of energy to the                   exothermic reaction             reactants
                          surroundings
                                                                      6. Explain whether Diagram 2    6. Exothermic—more energy is
Tier 2 vocabulary         Definition
                                                                      shows an endothermic or         stored in the reactants than in the
surroundings              In a chemical reaction, anything that
                                                                      exothermic reaction             products.
                          is not a reacting particle
Products                  The substances formed in a chemical
                                                                      7. What happens to           7. In an exothermic reaction the                                              Write a method for
                          reaction.
                                                                      temperature in an exothermic temperature increases, in an                                                  how you would this
Reactant                  A substance that takes part in a
                                                                      and endothermic reaction?    endothermic reaction the                                                      equipment to
                          chemical reaction
                                                                                                   temperature decreases.                                                        find out if a reaction
limiting                  A reactant present in a chemical                                                                                                                       is exothermic or
                          reaction in an amount less than             8 How could the apparatus       8. Add a lid, have the beaker made                                         endothermic.
                          needed to completely react with             opposite be improved to         out of an insulating material, use a
                          another reactant                            investigate temperature         data logger to improve precision.
excess                    When a reactant is present in a
                                                                      change?
                          greater amount than needed
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Subject: Chemistry Topic: C3 part 2 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1                                                 Achieve at BBA
                 Section 1: Key Vocabulary                                        Section 2: Important ideas                                           Section 3: Copy and label
Tier 3 vocabulary          Definition                            1. In the equation below,       1. Magnesium (Mg) is oxidised
                                                                 what has been oxidised and
Oxidation                  The gain of oxygen by a                                               Copper oxide (CuO) is reduced
                                                                 what has been reduced?
                           substance.
Reduction                  The loss of oxygen from a             Mg + CuO —> MgO + Cu
                           substance.
Acid                       A substance that releases             2. Looking at the pH scale      3. An acid
                           hydrogen ions when dissolved in       opposite, is pH 3 an acid or an
                           water.                                alkali?
Base                       A substance that can neutralise       3. Hydrochloric acid +          3. Hydrochloric acid + sodium
                           an acid.                              sodium hydroxide —> ?           hydroxide —> sodium chloride +
Alkali                     A base that is soluble in water.                                      water
                           It releases hydroxide ions (OH-)
                                                                 4. What colour does universal 4. UI goes red in an acid, blue in an
                           when dissolved in water.
pH                         Relative acidity or alkalinity of a   indictor (UI) go in, an acid, an alkali and green in a neutral
                           substance. The pH scale (1-14).       alkali and a neutral solution? solution.
                           pH=7 neutral.                         5.When an acid reacts with a    5. acid + metal carbonate —>
Neutralisation             A reaction between an acid and a      metal carbonate what is         salt + carbon dioxide + water
                           base producing a salt and water.      produced?
Electrolysis               A process by which an electric
                                                                 6. What is the standard test    6. Pour limewater into the gas, if it
                           current is passed through a
                                                                 for carbon dioxide gas?         goes cloudy in colour, carbon
                           compound to split it up.
Cathode                    The negative electrode which                                          dioxide is present.
                           attracts positive cations.            7. Look at the general          7. So that ions can move and
Anode                      The positive electrode which          electrolysis cell, why does the conduct electricity.
                           attracts negative anions.             electrolyte (liquid) have to be
Tier 2 vocabulary          Definition                            molten or in solution?
Inert                      Not reactive.                         8. During electrolysis what     8. Positive ions gain electrons and
                                                                 happens at the cathode?         become atoms. e.g.
Molten                     In the liquid state.
                                                                                                  Pb 2+ + 2e- —> Pb
Purify                     To increase the purity of a
                                                                 9. During electrolysis what     9. Negative ions lose electrons and
                           substance.
                                                                 happens at the anode?           become atoms. e.g
Effervescence              Bubbling or fizzing.
                                                                                                                                         General Electrolysis Cell
                                                                                                 Cl- - 2e- —> Cl2
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