Safe use of tractors on farms - GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES
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GOOD PRACTICE
GUIDELINES
Safe use of tractors
on farms
JUNE 2014
The purpose of these guidelines
is to help reduce the risk of injuries
and fatalities by providing practical
guidance on how to manage various
tractor hazards.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This guideline was prepared by WorkSafe New Zealand (WorkSafe NZ), with representatives from:
>> Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) >> Ministry for Primary Industries
>> Beef and Lamb New Zealand >> New Zealand Council of Trade Unions (NZCTU)
>> DairyNZ >> New Zealand Dairy Workers Union
>> Dairy Women’s Network >> New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA)
>> FarmSafe >> Primary Industry Training Organisation
>> Federated Farmers of New Zealand Inc >> Rural Contractors New Zealand
>> Horticulture New Zealand >> Rural Women New Zealand Inc
>> Landcorp Farming Limited >> University of Auckland
>> Lincoln University >> University of Otago.
The guide was largely adapted from an existing draft FarmSafe New Zealand publication Guidelines for
the Safe Use of Tractors. Parts were also adapted from the ACC publication: Tractor Safety: Information
that could Save your Life.
WorkSafe New Zealand also acknowledges the following organisations for providing information used
todevelop this guide:
>> WorkSafe Victoria (Australia) >> Australian Centre for Agricultural Health
and Safety
>> Workcover South Australia (Australia)
>> The Health & Safety Executive (UK).
>> Department of Commerce, Western Australia
Contains public sector information published by the Health and Safety Executive and licensed under the
Open Government Licence v1.0.
This document uses material prepared by the Western Australian Department of Occupational Health,
Safety and Welfare.
TRACTORS: KEY POINTS Operators must be trained/experienced enough to do the job Always wear a seatbelt if the tractor has a Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS) Do not carry passengers on tractors that do not have instructor seats, ROPS, and safety belts Ensure PTO shafts and connections are guarded and keep clear when it is engaged Never jump on or off a moving tractor
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 INTRODUCTION 4
1.1 Purpose 5
1.2 Scope 5
1.3 Development 5
02 HAZARDS AND CONTROLS 6
2.1 Passengers 7
2.2 Getting on and off the tractor 7
2.3 Loud noise 8
2.4 Using the controls 8
2.5 Tractor stability 8
2.6 Towing a trailer and other heavy farm implements 9
2.7 Turning on and crossing slopes 9
2.8 Travelling downhill 10
2.9 Travelling uphill 10
2.10 Rollover 11
2.11 Hydraulics 12
2.12 Front-end loaders 12
2.13 Front-end lifting forks 13
2.14 Falling objects 13
2.15 Hay bales 13
2.16 Using tractors for farm forestry 14
2.17 Mounted or trailed equipment 14
2.18 Power take-off shaft 14
2.19 Mowers 16
2.20 Balers 16
2.21 Three-point linkage 16
2.22 Rotary cultivators 17
2.23 Disc harrows 17
2.24 Trailers 18
2.25 Tractor fires 19
2.26 Overhead power lines 19
2.27 Working alone and in isolation 20
2.28 Personal factors 20
2.29 Unauthorised tractor access 20
03 DRIVING ON THE ROAD 21
3.1 Driving on the road 22
3.2 What class of licence do I need? 22
3.3 Definition of a road 22
3.4 Managing on-road hazards 22
04 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS 23
4.1 Young people on tractors 24
4.2 Training for health and sfety representatives 24
05 MAINTENANCE 25
5.1 How to maintain the tractor 26
5.2 What maintenance? 26
5.3 Maintenance checklist example 28
06 REFERENCES 31
6.1 Glossary 32
6.2 Bibliography 34
FIGURES
1 Getting on or off with three points of contact 7
2 Falling objects 13
3 Power take-off guarding (PTO = power take-off; POC = power output coupling;
PIC = power input coupling) 14
4 Correct and incorrect hitching pins 1801/
INTRODUCTION
IN THIS SECTION:
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Development
4SECTION 1.0 // INTRODUCTION
This publication provides practical guidance for using
tractors safely on farms.
1.1 PURPOSE 1.2 SCOPE
This guideline outlines potential hazards This guide applies to farmers, agricultural
of using tractors on farms, and provides contractors and anyone else using tractors
recommendations to eliminate, isolate and on farms. Training providers will also find
minimise those hazards. WorkSafe NZ accepts this guide useful.
these recommendations as current industry
It focuses on on-farm use of tractors. For
good practice. They will help you comply with
on-road guidance, see NZTA’s Agricultural
the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992
Vehicles Guide.
(the HSE Act).
Every model of tractor is different and will
On average, six to seven farmers are killed
have slightly different safety requirements.
every year in New Zealand, when using farm
Read and follow the instructions in the
tractors. Many hundreds have been seriously
operator’s manual to ensure you’re operating
injured. The main types of accidents involving
your tractor safely.
farm tractors are:
>> tractors rolling over 1.3 DEVELOPMENT
>> people being run over
Industry experts helped WorkSafe NZ develop
>> people being tangled in implements this guide. WorkSafe NZ also conducted a
and machinery. thorough review of both accident statistics
Other risks are: and published academic literature, and looked
at how overseas health and safety regulators
>> tractor fires
manage the same issues.
>> working under raised loads
WorkSafe NZ made every effort to ensure the
>> touching overhead power lines
hazard controls in this guide reflect current
>> noise-induced hearing loss good practice.
>> slips, trips and falls while getting on
and off the tractor.
The cost to the injured person, their
families, their businesses and New Zealand
are too high. We must improve tractor
driving practices.
502/
HAZARDS AND
CONTROLS
IN THIS SECTION: 2.15 Hay bales
2.1 Passengers 2.16 Using tractors for
farm forestry
2.2 Getting on and off
the tractor 2.17 Mounted or trailed
equipment
2.3 Loud noise
2.18 Power take-off shaft
2.4 Using the controls
2.19 Mowers
2.5 Tractor stability
2.20 Balers
2.6 Towing a trailer and other
heavy farm implements 2.21 Three-point linkage
2.7 Turning on and crossing 2.22 Rotary cultivators
slopes 2.23 Disc harrows
2.8 Travelling downhill 2.24 Trailers
2.9 Travelling uphill 2.25 Tractor fires
2.10 Rollover 2.26 Overhead power lines
2.11 Hydraulics 2.27 Working alone and
2.12 Front-end loaders in isolation
2.13 Front-end lifting forks 2.28 Personal factors
2.14 Falling objects 2.29 Unauthorised tractor access
6SECTION 2.0 // HAZARDS AND CONTROLS
The most common hazards faced by tractor operators
are set out on the following pages. Guidance is provided
about ways to effectively control those hazards.
2.1 PASSENGERS 2.2 GETTING ON AND OFF
THE TRACTOR
Passengers riding on tractors, tractor
implements or trailers are at a high risk of The most common tractor injuries happen
injury. Tractors travel over uneven ground when people get off the tractor. These happen
and passengers can easily be jolted, lose when people slip and fall to the ground
their grip and fall. If someone falls under or jump down and land heavily on uneven
the wheels or into trailed machinery, they ground. If the driver gets off facing away from
can be seriously hurt or die. the tractor, their pant cuffs or boot loops can
snag, tripping them forward off the tractor.
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
Do not carry passengers on tractors
without instructor seats, roll-over When climbing on and off a tractor, always
protective structures (ROPS) and keep three points of contact (eg two
safety belts. hands and one foot) with the tractor or
ground. Get off facing towards the tractor,
the same as you do when getting on.
Most older tractors are not designed to carry
Never jump on or off a moving tractor.
passengers. You can carry a passenger if the
tractor is fitted with ROPS, cabs, an instructor
seat and safety belt.
2
Do not carry passengers on tractor-
mounted implements or trailers that 1
are not designed to carry people.
Some types of trailed machinery, like ridgers,
are designed for people to ride on and
operate. Passengers can ride on this type
of implement if the machinery is safe and
well-kept.
You can carry passengers on a transport tray
mounted to the tractor’s three-point linkage.
Tell the passengers to hold on.
3
Figure 1: Getting on or off with three points
of contact
7GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
Clean the steps regularly. You are more likely to Modern tractors have a colour coding system
slip and fall if the tractor steps are dirty or wet. to identify the levers:
Drivers should also wear suitable footwear
Movement (gears, 2WD,
with a good grip and clothes, like overalls, ORANGE
4WD, accelerator)
that will not snag on machinery.
Before getting off, always put the tractor
in neutral, apply the brakes and disengage YELLOW Power take-off (PTO)
the power take-off, even just to open a gate.
If you’re leaving the tractor to do something
else, shut off the engine. BLACK Rear three-point linkage
2.3 LOUD NOISE Most tractor controls are designed to be used
Tractor engines create lots of noise. Drivers from the driver’s seat. Only use the controls
are exposed to this noise if the tractor does from there. If the manufacturer has designed
not have a sound-proof cab. If people drive controls that you can work from the ground,
tractors for a long time, over a number of make sure you’re standing where you are not
years, they can suffer from noise-induced in danger of being run over and crushed.
hearing loss (NIHL). Start the tractor engine ONLY when sitting in
the seat – never start it from the ground.
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
If the tractor does not have a sound-proof
2.5 TRACTOR STABILITY
cab, always wear hearing protection. Tractors are used in all farming regions in
New Zealand in tough terrain. Steep, rough,
slippery or loose ground and towing imple-
2.4 USING THE CONTROLS ments increase the risk of losing control.
Many injuries happen because farmers try Manufacturers advise caution in all these
to work the tractor controls when standing circumstances. The tractor could become
beside the tractor. The tractor can run over unstable because of sudden changes in
the driver, crushing them under the wheels. direction and the tractor’s centre of gravity.
As people age they lose speed and dexterity; Drivers can easily lose control of tractors
this can put them at greater risk from being after hitting an object, finding poor ground
run over. conditions or when towing implements and
trailers. The driver can fall off the tractor
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
and hit the ground, another object or the
tractor itself.
Always work the tractor’s controls from
the driver’s seat unless the manufacturer MANAGING THE HAZARD:
has specifically designed controls for use
in other positions. Never start the tractor Where appropriate, take steps to improve
from the ground. the stability of the tractor.
8SECTION 2.0 // HAZARDS AND CONTROLS
>> Widen the wheel-base (by fitting dual Try to avoid sharp turns.
wheels for example).
Think about fitting baffles in tanks to reduce
>> Add wheel weights that bolt into the liquid movement, and stabiliser bars or chains
wheel’s centre. on the three-point linkage to prevent sideways
>> Slow down on rough ground and slopes. movement of the tank.
>> Before going up or down hills, carefully For more information on safe towing, see the
check the ground and set the tractor up towing section later in this guide.
to meet the conditions. You might have to
get off the tractor and walk the route you 2.7 TURNING ON AND
plan to take. When planning your route, CROSSING SLOPES
find an emergency run-out spot in case
Tractors need to turn when they come to row
you lose traction.
ends or when steering around trees. You are
>> On 4WD tractors, reverse the tyres to
more likely to overturn a tractor when turning
help with traction braking on the front
on and crossing slopes. Slopes change the
axle. (Some manufacturers recommend
tractor’s centre of gravity and when the
this practice on steep land.)
tractor turns, centrifugal forces keep the
tractor moving in a straight line. These forces
TOWING A TRAILER AND
2.6
can cause the tractor to roll over. If a tractor
OTHER HEAVY FARM IMPLEMENTS
begins to slide sideways, it may tip over in a
The trailer’s or mounted implement’s weight ditch, or run into an obstacle and overturn.
behind the tractor can cause instability and
affect the steering: MANAGING THE HAZARD:
>> The weight on the rear wheels can make Don’t turn down a slope – this is
the tractor keep going in a straight line very dangerous.
when the steering wheel is turned.
>> A load that is too heavy to control, or a
>> Don’t work across slopes if your tractor
trailer without a good braking system,
has large diameter, tubeless, low-ground-
can jack-knife.
pressure tyres.
>> Mounted spray tanks cause more instability
>> Plan work across slopes so you make turns
because of the liquid’s movement.
uphill rather than downhill.
MANAGING THE HAZARD: >> Slow down before turning or crossing
slopes.
Do not tow a trailer or implements too >> Keep alert at row ends and make as wide a
heavy for the tractor. Stay within the turn as possible.
manufacturer’s guidelines. >> Apply a single brake in the direction of the
turn (left turn, left brake).
The higher the mounted equipment is on >> Sometimes the up-hill wheel brake can be
the tractor’s rear linkage, the less stable the applied to maintain direction stability. This
tractor becomes. Keep mounted equipment forces the bottom wheels to drive, keeping
as low as possible, while making sure you can the nose of the tractor up-hill, and gives
still use it effectively. better traction.
If necessary, fit a counterweight at the front >> Don’t do tractor work on steep slopes.
of the vehicle to keep the front wheels on
the ground.
9GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
2.8 TRAVELLING DOWNHILL 2.9 TRAVELLING UPHILL
Selecting the wrong gear can result in When travelling uphill, the weight moves to
losing control of the tractor: the rear of the tractor, increasing the risk of
the tractor flipping over backwards.
>> too high a gear and engine braking
may not hold back the tractor The wheels can lose traction and make the
>> too low a gear and the tractor may tractor slew to the side, increasing the risk
start to slide, like brakes applied on of the tractor rolling over.
a slippery surface. The tractor can also start rolling backwards,
increasing the risk of a backwards flip if the
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
brakes are applied suddenly.
Always drive straight down steep hills. Some modern tractors have hydraulically
powered brakes and steering. If the engine
stalls, you can lose power to the brakes
>> Do not drive diagonally across and down
and steering.
slopes. Find the gentlest possible slope
and drive straight down.
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
>> Select a low gear before driving down
and apply the throttle to reduce the Always drive straight up steep hills.
chance of the engine stalling.
>> Engage ‘diff lock’ before starting a hill >> Select a low gear before driving up
descent for maximum braking and to and apply the throttle to minimise the
prevent singlewheel lockup. (CAUTION: possibility of the engine stalling.
The tractor will not turn as efficiently
>> Climb with the heavy end up the slope
when diff lock is on.)
(in reverse).
>> Drive slowly forward (heavy end up slope)
>> If it’s a straight climb, engage diff lock and
controlling your speed with engine braking.
four-wheel drive before starting.
Allow for any towed implements’ extra
>> Don’t change gear when moving up
weight. Check surface conditions, slope
slopes. This increases the risk of the tractor
and route.
flipping backwards. If you lose traction,
>> If the tractor starts to slide forward, quickly
apply the brake and clutch together, select
pulse the throttle until you regain traction.
reverse gear and back down the hill.
Do not brake, as you have to keep the
wheels turning to keep traction.
>> If the engine loses power, apply the brake
and put the tractor in ‘park’ mode.
>> If you lose control, drop any implements
into the ground to act as an anchor.
>> Keep the tractor well-maintained and filters
clear to reduce the chance of engine failure.
10SECTION 2.0 // HAZARDS AND CONTROLS
2.10 ROLLOVER >> Tractors used:
–– in any orchard, hop garden, blueberry
Tractor rollovers – tipping sideways or
garden or greenhouse
backwards – can seriously injure or kill
–– in any vineyard carried out beneath
drivers. They are often pinned or trapped
vines supported overhead
underneath the tractor.
–– work in or near any building or structure
Many people think that tractors only turn
used to keep and care of poultry for
over in steep or hilly country. While that is
financial gain.
a high-risk situation, research shows about
half of tractor rollovers happen on flat or If it is not practical to fit ROPS to an
slightly sloping ground. These accidents agricultural tractor because of the type of
usually involve obstacles like stumps, the work it’s used for, you can apply for an
stones, ruts or ditches. exemption. Send your application to:
Most tractors have a high centre of gravity. The Chief Executive
Increased loads, raised implements and WorkSafe New Zealand
driving across slopes change the centre PO Box 165
of gravity, increasing the risk of rollover. Wellington 6140
Speed strongly influences the tractor’s Or email info@worksafe.govt.nz
stability and is a big factor in many rollovers. For more information on safety frames,
As the speed of the tractor increases, sudden see the Approved Code of Practice for Roll-
turns, braking or gear changes are felt more over Protective Structures on Tractors in
abruptly, increasing the chances of a rollover. Agricultural Operations: www.business.govt.
nz/healthandsafetygroup/information-
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
guidance/all-guidance-items/acop-roll-
over-protective-structures-on-tractors-in-
All agricultural tractors, except those
agricultural-operations/rops-tractor-acop-pdf
excluded (as follows), must be fitted with
roll-over protective structures (ROPS).
All new agricultural tractors bought after
31 August 2001 must have seatbelts.
Any agriculture tractors bought new after
1 September 1970 must have a ROPS meeting
the relevant design and manufacturing Fit seatbelts in line with AS 2664 or an
standards, except for the following: equivalent standard with the same or
stricter criteria.
>> Tractors bought new on or before
31 August 2001: Always keep seatbelts and anchor points
–– Crawler tractors and wheeled in good condition.
tractors weighing under 762kg or
more than 4000kg.
Display seatbelt warning signs in every
>> Tractors bought new after 31 August 2001: protective structure, warning drivers to wear
–– tractors weighing under 700kg. their seatbelt to help reduce the chance of
them being hurt if there’s a rollover or other
similar accident.
11GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
>> When parking the tractor – even for a short
When driving a tractor, always wear
time – lower the front and rear hydraulics
seatbelts when they are fitted and the
to the ground. Make it part of your routine.
tractor has a ROPS.
2.12 FRONT-END LOADERS
Seatbelts hold the operator in the protective
Front-end loaders handle different types of
structure during rollovers, reducing the chance
material like feed, manure, soil and gravel.
of injury.
Their versatility lets you easily load, lift,
transport and handle materials.
2.11 HYDRAULICS
However, heavy loads raised too high raise
Most mounted implements use the
the tractor’s centre of gravity and increase
tractor’s hydraulic power. Connecting and
the chances of rollover.
disconnecting the hoses for these implements
is dangerous as it can spray high-pressure oil. Front-end loaders carry lots of weight and are
dangerous if the weight falls on someone.
Hydraulic hoses will fail. When the failed hose
feeds a ram supporting weight, that weight Front-mounted tines, forks, buckets and other
can drop, quickly and unexpectedly. People devices are dangerous if the tractor has a
standing in the weight’s path can be seriously head-on crash.
injured or killed.
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
Carry the load with the bucket or
Never work under equipment that’s only attachment lowered. Raising it
supported by a hydraulic ram. reduces stability.
>> If you have to work under raised When operating a front-end loader:
equipment, make sure it has a stable >> Keep the speed down when carrying a
support that load.
can’t move. Use a jack stand or other
>> Avoid sudden stops when carrying a load –
sturdy support. Don’t rely on hydraulics
the tractor could overbalance.
or mechanical locks.
>> Back down slopes when carrying a load.
>> Regularly check hoses for wear and tear.
Don’t put your hands around or close to >> Lower the bucket or attachment to the
hydraulic hoses under pressure. The oil can ground when parking.
penetrate the skin, causing serious injuries. Train operators to use front-end loaders safely.
>> Before working with the hoses, jiggle the Check the tractor’s front-end loader has a
levers to release the oil pressure. rated lifting capacity. Consult the machinery
>> Drivers should wear gloves and eye supplier and manufacturer’s specifications
protection when working on hydraulic about lift ratings and locations. When
equipment. checking the tractor’s lift capacity, you may
>> Work hydraulic controls from the driver’s need to attach a counterbalance – carried
seat or according to manufacturer’s on the three-point linkage – before using a
instructions. front-end loader.
12SECTION 2.0 // HAZARDS AND CONTROLS
Keep the bucket (or other attachment) as low 2.15 HAY BALES
as possible to maximise driver visibility and
tractor stability. Turn the leading edge of a Lifting hay bales or other heavy objects
front-mounted bucket downward or upward, can increase the risk of rollover. Hay and
so it is safer on road. Also consider wrapped silage can also roll back down the
positioning the implement to reduce the loader’s arms onto the driver if the load is
chance of it ‘digging in’ if you suddenly lose held too high, or fall from a stack onto the
hydraulic power to the front-end loader. tractor driver.
Carry out maintenance according to the MANAGING THE HAZARD:
manufacturer’s directions. It is important to
check the front tyres and highly stressed Use the right attachment for the job and
parts of the lifting mechanism for cracks follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
and excessive wear.
>> Use a hay spike for hay and a grab for
2.13 FRONT-END LIFTING FORKS wrapped silage. Do not use flat forks
Forks can be dangerous when driving on-road or buckets.
if the tractor has a head-on crash. >> Carry bales slowly and as low as possible
to the ground.
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
>> Check the tractor’s lift capacity.
If driving on the road, position forks >> Use a counterbalance if necessary.
(and anything else sticking out) to >> Do not carry bales stacked higher than
reduce the risk to other road users. the back frame of the forks. If possible,
extend the height of the frame if you want
Do an assessment based on the tractor’s to safely pick up more bales.
design and the function and shape of the >> Be careful not to turn the implement
projecting parts. Work out the safest position upwards, letting the bales slip down the
based on this assessment. lift arms.
2.14 FALLING OBJECTS 105°
Many tractor operators are killed and injured
by objects falling onto the tractor.
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
Use a tractor with a falling object
10°
protective structure (FOPS) if you
could be hit by falling objects.
Figure 2: Falling objects
13GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
2.16USING TRACTORS FOR People have been killed and seriously injured
FARM FORESTRY after getting caught in PTO shafts and
couplings. There does not need to be any
When using tractors in farm forestry, the
part sticking out from the PTO assembly to
operator could be hit by falling objects
cause entanglement. Clothing only needs to
like tree limbs or felled trees.
wrap around the shaft once, then the friction
of the fabric touching itself makes it stick,
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
and as the PTO turns, the force wrapping the
fabric around the shaft increases.
Use a tractor with FOPS for farm forestry
tasks and work within the manufacturer’s To assess the risk of injury from a
recommendations. PTO, consider:
>> Is the turning equipment guarded
>> Do not use wheeled tractors for directly well enough?
pulling trees.
>> Are workers trained properly? Do they
>> When winching logs, don’t back the tractor know the dangers of using this equipment?
against a tree for extra anchorage. Use a
>> What is the risk of clothing, hair, jewellery
bigger tractor.
or tools getting caught in the PTO?
>> Keep cables and chains in good condition
>> Was the PTO made and tested to an
and store correctly when they’re not in use.
appropriate standard?
>> Watch out for dead limbs on trees – any
tree movement could bring them down. MANAGING THE HAZARD:
2.17MOUNTED OR TRAILED PTO shafts must be appropriately guarded.
EQUIPMENT
The guarding for a PTO includes:
Tractors are designed to use a wide range of
mounted or trailed implements. These help >> A fixed power output coupling (POC)
the farmer do a huge variety of farm tasks. guard (also known as the ‘tractor master
There are various forms of mounted and guard’), which should be permanently
trailed equipment, including Power Take-Off attached to the tractor. If it is movable, it
(PTO) operated equipment (like mowers), must be held securely in place when the
three-point linkage attachments (like back tractor is in use.
blades) and trailers. >> An implement power input coupling (PIC)
Some implements make the tractor less guard, which should be permanently
stable, increasing the risk of it rolling over. attached to the implement. If it is movable,
The three-point linkage or hydraulics can it must be held securely in place when in
also cause problems. use. There should be no nip-points where
body parts or clothing can be caught.
2.18 POWER TAKE-OFF SHAFT >> A PTO shaft guard, which extends into
the POC and PIC areas for the maximum
The PTO shaft is found at the rear of a tractor
practical distance. The guard can be either
and uses a tractor’s engine to drive tools or
rotating or not. A non-rotating guard
equipment attached to the tractor – such
needs a way to be restrained. A rotating
as post drivers, mowing equipment, boom
guard must turn freely and be able to be
spraying equipment and feed grain roller mills.
stopped by hand without risk of injury
They are also found on other machines, such
or entanglement.
as slashers.
14SECTION 2.0 // HAZARDS AND CONTROLS
Guarding considerations: Older tractors and tools may not have original
POC or PIC guards, or the originals may not
>> Where protection is needed in the PTO
be in a safe condition. Employers must still
drive line, place torque limiters, free wheels
make sure all parts of the PTO are adequately
or clutches at the power input connection
guarded. This may mean buying guards or
(tool end) of the PTO drive shaft.
having them made.
>> Do not rest the PTO drive shaft on the
guards when it is uncoupled.
Keep clear of the PTO and attached
>> When the machine is not in use, support
equipment when it is running.
the drive shaft and the guard on the cradle.
If there is no cradle, support the shaft and
guards using something else that equally >> Make sure everyone is clear before
protects against damage. engaging the PTO. Keep them away when
using PTO-driven equipment.
>> All guards specified by the manufacturer
must be in place and well maintained. >> Never step across or lean over a rotating
power shaft. Always walk around the
>> If a guard needs to be removed for
tractor.
maintenance or cleaning, isolate and lock-
out machinery so it cannot be started >> Always disengage the PTO before you get
without the guard. off the tractor.
>> Refer to the manufacturer’s fitting,
operating and maintenance instructions.
>> Check all guards regularly (eg daily when
in use) for wear and damage, and replace
damaged guards.
PIC Guard
POC Guard PTO Shaft Guard
Tractor Implement
Figure 3: Power take-off guarding (PTO = power take-off; POC = power output coupling;
PIC = power input coupling)
15GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
2.19 MOWERS >> Remove all twine before re-feeding bales
into the baler. The baling twine is too
Tractor-mounted mowers have blades strong to break if anyone gets entangled.
that spin at high speed. If these blades hit
>> Never feed broken bales into the baler by
someone, they can cause serious injury
hand – use a pitchfork instead, or leave the
or death. Blades that hit stones or other
bale on the ground and drive into it.
objects can propel them at speed toward
the driver or nearby people – another When using round balers:
potentially deadly hazard. >> Use the correct ground speed to avoid
Some rotary (flail) mowers have pivot bolts overloading.
that can wear and shear off. They are used >> No one should stand near the rear of the
to secure the cutting blades and when they baler when ejecting the bale.
break, the blades are ejected at speed. >> Never eject large bales on slopes where
These parts can hit people near the mower they could roll.
(including the driver).
>> Always engage the mechanical gate safety
MANAGING THE HAZARD: lock before entering the open rear gate
area. Do not rely on the hydraulic controls.
A skirt should be fitted around the >> The large springs and hydraulic hoses
mower’s openings and outside edge. store a lot of energy. Relieve the pressure
or tension before servicing. Follow the
A skirt reduces the chances of stones and manufacturer’s maintenance and operating
other objects hitting people. Keep the skirt rules.
well-maintained. >> Keep the correct tension on drive belts.
A loose belt can start a fire.
Only fit manufacturer-recommended pivot
bolts to the mower. Check the bolts regularly
2.21 THREE-POINT LINKAGE
and replace them if worn.
Tractors are designed to connect to ploughs
2.20 BALERS and other implements with a three-point
linkage. The three points create a triangle
Balers are complex machines with lots of
so the implement’s weight is carried by the
moving parts. They have the potential to
tractor itself. This system is designed to
cause serious injury or death.
transfer some of the implement’s weight to
MANAGING THE HAZARD: the tractor at a point below its centre of
gravity, which increases its traction.
Follow manufacturer’s recommendations Trailers, on the other hand, have wheels
when using balers. and support their own weight.
Some tractors have ‘quick hitches’ to connect
When using conventional balers:
trailed equipment to the three-point linkage.
>> Use the correct ground speed to avoid This moves the towing point further back,
overloading. and the tractor might react unpredictably
>> Correctly splice and thread the baling when braking and cornering.
twine in the tractor. You should not be able Connecting implements incorrectly or above
to pull anything out of the knotter while the the tractor’s centre of gravity can cause a
baler is in use. tractor to roll over backwards.
16SECTION 2.0 // HAZARDS AND CONTROLS
Pulling objects by connecting chains or MANAGING THE HAZARD:
cables to a point that is too high, instead of
the draw bar, can also cause a tractor to roll Make sure the cultivator is well-maintained
over backwards. and use it in line with the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
If you use the wrong hitching pin it can
suddenly fail and whatever you are towing
can disconnect. >> Don’t work the cultivator if the blade bolts
are missing.
You also risk being crushed or run over when
>> Make sure there is no interference when
connecting an implement to the tractor.
you lift, back or turn the cultivator.
MANAGING THE HAZARD: >> If the tractor lunges while cultivating a hard
surface, immediately step on the clutch
Always connect implements to the tractor and brake pedals. Inspect for damage and
the way the manufacturer designed them. remove the hazards before starting again.
This connects the load well below the
>> Always raise the cultivator at the end of a
tractor’s centre of gravity.
work run. Blades that keep turning in the
soil could propel the tractor.
Keep the pull angle horizontal and as low
as possible. 2.23 DISC HARROWS
Always match the equipment to the correct- Disc harrows are heavy pieces of equipment
sized tractor. Check the manufacturer’s with spring-tensioned parts. It is dangerous
recommendations. Use a counterweight if the tension suddenly releases.
if necessary.
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
Don’t let anyone stand between the implement
and the tractor when reversing to connect.
Make sure the harrows are well-maintained
If you have to move the tractor when attaching
and operate them according to the
the implement, helpers should step out of
manufacturer’s recommendations.
the area between the tractor and implement.
If you have to inch the tractor into position
while someone puts in the connecting pins, >> Make adjustments before getting onto
back the tractor up too far, get the helper to the tractor.
approach, then inch the tractor forward until >> Place blocks or supports under elevated
the helper can insert the pins. parts when working on discs.
The correct sequence for attaching >> Release the hydraulic pressure before
implements to the three-point linkage is: working on the hydraulic lines.
left, right then centre. >> Beware of springs under tension when
dismantling or maintaining the disc
2.22 ROTARY CULTIVATORS harrows.
Rotary cultivators are heavy pieces of
equipment. They can cause serious injury
if people get caught in them.
17GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
2.24 TRAILERS
Tractors often pull wheeled trailers using
a drawbar with a clevis hitch or a fitted
tow ball. Tractors can rear up and roll over
backwards if they are used with trailers
connected to a high hitch point.
Accidents happen when steering on
slopes or slippery surfaces with poor trailer Figure 4: Correct and incorrect hitching pins
brakes because it pushes the tractor side-
ways, causing it to slide out of control.
Do not repair tow-eyes. Always replace them
Excessive wear can also be placed on
if they are worn beyond 10 per cent of the
the tractor’s brakes.
original diameter or the manufacturer’s wear
tolerance, whichever is less.
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
Fit a safety chain between a tractor and towed
Always connect wheeled trailers to the trailers or implements, except those carried on
drawbar. This means the load is pulled a three-point linkage. The safety chain’s tensile
under the tractor’s centre of gravity. strength (its breaking load) must be equal to
Check that the safety chain or cable is or greater than the total weight towed.
suitable for the job. Always use correctly
The safety chain’s length must be adjustable
sized and rated pins.
so it is neither too tight nor too loose. Where
practical, attach the chain to the tractor’s
Use the correct high-strength steel hitching chassis, not the hitch. The chain’s tensile
pin designed for the tractor and the task. Use strength must be displayed on the chain
the appropriate diameter pin for the tractor or using a plate or similar method.
trailer coupling’s diameter, whichever has the
Also:
smaller hole. The coupling pin’s diameter must
not be smaller than 75 per cent of the larger >> Use a large enough tractor and choose the
coupling hole. best gear to stop the combination within a
safe distance.
Do not repair or weld coupling pins and
towing hooks. Replace pins and hooks that >> Buy trailers with a suitable braking system
are damaged, deformed, cracked or worn to match your tractor. Ask the supplier for
at any point to below 90 per cent of their brake efficiency information.
original diameter, or the manufacturer’s wear >> When connecting implements or trailers
tolerance, whichever is less. in train, make sure the collective weight
does not go over the manufacturer’s
Securely retain coupling pins by a locking
recommendations. Correctly hitch all
mechanism.
trailers.
18SECTION 2.0 // HAZARDS AND CONTROLS
2.25 TRACTOR FIRES 2.26 OVERHEAD POWER LINES
Fires can cause serious and fatal injuries. If any part of a tractor, front-end loader,
Three things must be present for a fire: air, mounted implement or trailer touches
material that can burn and an ignition or heat overhead power lines, it can be lethal.
source. Around three-quarters of all tractor If an operator touches the tractor and the
fires start in the engine compartment. Some ground at the same time, they could be
common causes are grease or oil build-up, seriously hurt or killed when electricity
hay or straw, or bird’s nests. flows through them.
If the tractor does catch fire, approach it with
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
extreme caution. Even a small fire can flare
up dramatically when doors, hatches or other Avoid working near overhead power lines
areas are opened to gain access. Fires are very if possible.
dangerous when liquid fuels are involved.
MANAGING THE HAZARD: >> Know the minimum line heights and
the maximum height/reach of tractors
Keep the tractor clean, remove ignition and machines passing below or near
sources and carry a fire extinguisher. power lines.
>> Look up before raising implements.
Regularly remove caked-on grease, oil, crop >> Think about the height and reach
residue, dry chaff, leaves, bird nests and of machinery when buying or hiring
other material. Clear away wrapped plant replacements.
material on bearings, belts and other moving >> Mark power lines on a farm map and
parts – and check them for wear. Make sure pass this information on to employees,
the exhaust system is in good condition and contractors and other visitors that need
leak-free. Check exposed electrical wires for to know where they are.
damage or wear.
A fully charged 2kg extinguisher is your Do not get out of the tractor if it or an
best source of fire protection. If a fire breaks implement touches power lines. Instead,
out, quickly shut off the engine, grab the ring for help, warn people not to come
extinguisher and get out. Try to use the near and wait until the power company
extinguisher’s flexible hose to shoot the has made it safe.
chemical at the flames’ base from a safe
distance. Blanket the flames to starve the
fire of oxygen and prevent the fire restarting.
If the fire extinguisher runs out, use water
(from troughs or creeks) or soil to put out
the fire.
Use a mobile phone or two-way radio to
call for help.
19GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
2.27WORKING ALONE MANAGING THE HAZARD:
AND IN ISOLATION
Don’t operate a tractor under the influence
Working alone is a common hazard in of drugs or alcohol. Reassess tasks and
farm work. find other jobs if there are stress and
If a farmer has a tractor accident in a fatigue issues.
remote area, it can be a long time before
help arrives. Sometimes the injuries can As an employer, make sure tractor drivers
get worse or the farmer could die. know the hazards of working a tractor
and how their own behaviour and attitudes
MANAGING THE HAZARD:
impact on them.
Tell someone where you are working As a tractor driver, take responsibility and
and when you plan to return. Have regular let someone know if you’re not up to the
check-in times – help will arrive more job for any reason.
quickly if you do not return.
2.29UNAUTHORISED
TRACTOR ACCESS
It is important to have a way to raise the
alarm if you are injured, like a mobile phone It can be dangerous if someone drives
or emergency beacon. Some mobile phones the tractor without the owner knowing
have GPS that can easily communicate your or giving permission.
location. You can even download applications
(apps) to smart phones so you can track MANAGING THE HAZARD:
where several phones are at once, in real time.
Take the keys out of the tractor and/or
Work out an emergency plan with workers
put other measures in place to make sure
and family members so they know what to
the tractor is only used with the farmer’s
do if something goes wrong.
knowledge and permission.
2.28 PERSONAL FACTORS
Do not let friends and colleagues drive
Sometimes, fatigue, stress, attitude (eg over- tractors unless they are properly trained
confidence or recklessness), drugs or alcohol and given permission.
can impair tractor drivers. This causes poor
judgement, and reduced balance, coordination
and reaction times, and increases the risk of a
serious injury or fatality.
2003/
DRIVING ON
THE ROAD
IN THIS SECTION:
3.1 Driving on the road
3.2 What class of licence do
I need?
3.3 Definition of a road
3.4 Managing on-road hazards
21GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
If you’re driving a tractor on the road, follow the
road rules.
3.1 DRIVING ON THE ROAD c. You need a class 2 licence with wheels
endorsement to drive other agricultural
All tractors driven on the road must be
vehicles under 18 tonnes (eg combine
capable of getting a warrant of fitness,
harvesters) over 40kph.
even if they don’t have one.
d. You need the appropriate class of licence
Check that the tractor and any implement
for all other non-agricultural vehicles or
or trailer is not too wide and has the correct
agricultural vehicles heavier than 18 tonnes
signage. See NZTA’s Vehicle Dimensions
or 25 tonnes in combination.
and Mass Rule for more information:
www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/rules/vehicle- If you are driving any agricultural vehicle on
dimensions-and-mass-2002-index.html a Class 1 licence, you do not need to follow
the work time rules or keep logbooks.
3.2 WHAT CLASS OF LICENCE For more information about agricultural
DO I NEED? vehicle road rules, see: www.nzta.govt.nz/
Tractor or agricultural vehicle drivers that vehicle/your/agriculture-forklifts.html
drive on New Zealand roads must have at
least a Class 1 Driver Licence (a car licence), 3.3 DEFINITION OF A ROAD
so they will have studied the road code to
‘Road’: includes a street and any place to
get the licence. It is the basic guide to safe,
which the public have access, whether as
legal and considerate road user behaviour
of right or not. This includes all bridges,
in New Zealand.
culverts, ferries and fords forming part of
Under the Land Transport (Driver Licensing) any road, street or place to which the public
Amendment Rules 2013: have access.
a. You need a class 1 licence (full or restricted) For more details of the current road transport
or overseas tractor licence to drive a and driver licencing rules please see:
tractor up to 18 tonnes (or in combination www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/rules/about/
up to 25 tonnes) up to 40kph. index.html
b. You need a class 1 (full) with wheels
endorsement to drive: 3.4MANAGING ON-ROAD
HAZARDS
–– a tractor up to 18 tonnes (or combination
of up to 25 tonnes) over 40kph To read all the rules, check out NZTA’s
–– other agricultural vehicles under Agricultural Vehicles Guide.
18 tonnes (eg combine harvesters)
up to 40kph.
22SECTION 5.0 // MAINTENANCE
04/
TRAINING
REQUIREMENTS
IN THIS SECTION:
4.1 Young people on tractors
4.2 Training fo health and safety
representatives
23GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
Give thorough training to all tractor-driving employees.
As well as training, employers must make sure that
people who don’t have the knowledge or experience to
drive tractors are supervised by an experienced person.
Give all drivers information about the in special cases, children over 12 years old
working procedures of every machine they can drive or ride on tractors or implements
are expected to use, the hazards they will if they:
face and closely supervise them until they
>> are fully trained in using the tractor
prove they can work on their own. This
and any implements attached to it
includes all implements, front-end loaders,
>> are in a safe position on the tractor
trailers, ballast and counterweights.
or implement
Training should include:
>> are the only child on the tractor.
>> Induction – all workers and contractors
It is important that:
should receive information about hazards,
control measures, farm rules and policy, >> they only use the tractor for agricultural
safe work procedures and how to safely work, or
use a particular tractor, implement, loader >> the tractor is only used to train a child to
or trailer. drive the tractor for agricultural work.
>> On-farm training – experienced co-workers Despite this, farm owners and managers
can do this. still must keep young people driving tractors
>> Direct supervision – provide this for safe and make sure they are not put at risk.
inexperienced operators until they reach
an appropriate level of competency. 4.2 TRAINING FOR HEALTH
>> Formal training and accreditation – AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVES
this provides independent, up-to-date The Health and Safety in Employment Act
knowledge and good practice. Organise 1992 gives employees the right to be involved
this through a recognised training in workplace health and safety matters. One
organisation. Operators should obtain way this can be achieved is by electing a
appropriate NZQA qualifications for the health and safety representative. This is
class of tractor they have to operate. someone employees can go to when they
Keep records of induction and training for have any concerns or suggestions regarding
all tractor operators. health and safety in the workplace. The
representative will work with the employer
4.1 YOUNG PEOPLE ON TRACTORS in good faith to find a solution.
Children under 15 years are normally not able This representative is allowed to take two
to drive tractors or implements. However, days paid leave each year to go to approved
Section 61 of the Health and Safety in health and safety training.
Employment Regulations 1995, states that
24SECTION 2.0 // TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
05/
MAINTENANCE
IN THIS SECTION:
5.1 How to maintain the tractor
5.2 What maintenance?
5.3 Maintenance checklist
example
25GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
Tractors work hard and wear out. Brakes, steering
and tyres – all critical to the tractor’s safety – are
particularly prone to wear. Accidents happen
when tractor maintenance is delayed beyond the
manufacturer’s specifications. This puts operators
at greater risk and increases costs through replacing
parts and components, or causing business
interruptions and breakdowns. Trying to repair a
tractor in the field is also hazardous.
5.1 HOW TO MAINTAIN SAFE PRACTICE DURING TRACTOR
THE TRACTOR MAINTENANCE:
Tractors need regular maintenance. It must 1. Apply the park brake
be scheduled and planned, and can differ Chock the wheels and apply the park
from one tractor to another. Always read the brake before starting maintenance.
manufacturer’s operation and maintenance
2. Lower hydraulic equipment
manual for advice.
Lower hydraulic equipment to the
Keep all service and maintenance records
ground before starting maintenance.
for the tractor’s life so that it can be passed
on to the new owner if the tractor is sold. 3. Disconnect the battery
You are likely to get a better price for it too! Remove the key and, if practical, disable
the tractor by disconnecting the battery to
5.2 WHAT MAINTENANCE? make sure the tractor cannot accidentally
start during maintenance.
Keep your tractor maintenance up-to-date.
Even small things, like mud and dirt, build
up on the cab floor and get under the
pedals. A brake pedal depressing onto five
centimetres of caked dirt is a pedal that
has five centimetres less travel.
If guards or protective covers have to be
removed for maintenance, attach them to
the tractor with a lanyard so they don’t get
lost, and re-attach them correctly.
26SECTION 5.0 // MAINTENANCE
WHAT TO CHECK
Check battery Check brake and Check hydraulic fluid
terminals and levels. clutch fluids. levels.
Check engine oil filter
Check fuel levels. Check grease points.
and dipstick level.
Check hydraulic Check the radiator Check for birds’
filters. catch tank. nests.
Check tyres for Check for rust weep
Check seatbelt.
damage and wear from the wheel nuts.
and make sure wheel It may be a sign
nuts are tight. of loose nuts. Also
check for cracks
in rims.
27GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
5.3 MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST EXAMPLE
Below is a typical tractor maintenance checklist. Get a competent person, who knows the
tractor’s acceptance/rejection criteria, to do the maintenance.
ODOMETER
MAKE: REGISTRATION:
READING:
OWNER OR
MODEL: YEAR:
LOCATION:
ITEM CHECK ITEM CHECK
Brakes >> Check adjustment, pads, Roll-over >> Tractor is fitted with ROPS
linings and brake fluid levels. protective meeting AS 1636 Tractors –
>> Auxiliary or parking brake structure Roll-Over Protective Structure
stops tractor from moving. (ROPS) – Criteria and tests for roll over
(if relevant).
>> Check all discs, drums, brake
linings and linkages for any > Tractor meets Approved
signs of wear and damage. Code of Practice for RollOver
Protective Structures on
>> Check wheel cylinders and that
Tractors in Agricultural
there are no brake fluid leaks.
Operations.
>> Check brake pedals lock
together and brakes pull Falling- >> FOPS is in good condition
evenly. Lubricate where object and is undamaged (no holes
applicable. protective drilled etc) and all bolts are
structure securely fastened.
>> Check there is nothing under
(FOPS) >> No loose, worn, corroded or
the brake pedal to hinder
application (eg mud or tools). missing bolts.
>> Tractor is fitted with FOPS
that meets AS 2294.1
Earthmoving Machinery –
Protective Structures for Falling
Objects and has a confirming
specification plate.
Tyres >> Roadworthy and give Front-end >> FOPS is provided, is in good
good control. loader condition and meets the
>> Adequate tread depth and manufacturer’s specifications.
are free from excessive wear, >> No damaged worn or missing
cuts or other damage. pins. Pins are correctly
>> See manual for correct retained with lynch pins or
pressure settings. manufacturer’s clips or bolts.
>> Check tyre pressures with >> Pins are well lubricated.
valve at 12 o’clock position. >> Lubrication is done in line with
>> If any liquid ballast has the maintenance schedule.
been added, this will affect
pressure readings.
28SECTION 5.0 // MAINTENANCE
ITEM CHECK ITEM CHECK
Wheels >> Check wheel nuts are all Seatbelts >> Seatbelt is provided and is
present and tight. in good working order.
>> Check for rust weep from the >> Seat is in good condition and
wheel nuts. It may be a sign each driver can adjust it.
of loose nuts. >> Note: Seatbelts are necessary
>> Grease wheel bearings. Replace if the tractor is fitted with
retainers where needed. a ROPS.
>> Check wheels for free
movement. No signs of wheel
bearing wear or obstruction.
>> Check alignment and ‘toe in’ –
refer to manual.
Steering >> Check for smooth movement Drive belts >> Check condition and tension
of steering wheel from full left meet manufacturer’s
to full right. specifications
>> Check linkages, ball joints and Greasing >> Find greasing points and
sockets, rubber boots covering points, lubricate as recommended by
linkages are all free from mud; nipples the operator’s manual.
there are no blockages and
>> Clean grease nipples before
signs of wear or damage.
greasing to stop dirt getting in.
>> Check power steering fluid Do not over-grease universal
(hydraulic oil) level. joints or sealed bearings as it
>> Clean all steering hoses will damage the seals and allow
and inspect for scuff marks dirt into the joint.
and leaks.
Guards >> Tractor safety guards are Fluid >> All fluid levels (tractor and any
in place and are in good levels attachment) as recommended
condition. in the operator’s manual:
>> Power take-off (PTO) guards >> radiator water level
are fixed in place, functional >> transmission fluid
and undamaged.
>> engine oil
>> Check PTO attachments, no
>> battery fluid
loose, missing or broken pins,
bolts or lynch pins. >> brake fluid
>> fuel tank filled
>> hydraulic oil level on three-
point linkage or front-end
loader (FEL) (Refer to
operator’s manual for ram/
cylinder position)
>> Oil reservoir level on loader
(if supply is separate from
tractor).
Clutch >> Note: Do this test with the Exhaust >> Holes and corrosion.
wheels chocked. >> Excessive noise.
>> When park brake is applied >> Looseness.
and clutch pedal depressed
>> Spark-arrestor fitted.
there is some easy clutch pedal
travel before resistance is felt >> Note: replace the exhaust if
(check operator’s manual for any holes are found in it.
specifications and method
of adjustment).
29GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES // SAFE USE OF TRACTORS ON FARMS
ITEM CHECK ITEM CHECK
Battery >> Battery attached securely. Air filter >> Check, clean and replace
>> Terminals free of corrosion regularly in line with the
and tightness. manufacturer’s specifications.
>> Electrolyte levels.
>> Damaged casing.
Lever >> Operator lever controls are Lights >> Check and replace lights that
controls clearly identified and marked aren’t working.
showing what they are and >> Lights (field, head, tail and
how they work. external warning lights).
>> Check for damage to knobs or >> Horn works.
levers and repair before using
>> Indicators and mirrors working
the machine.
and clean.
Hydraulic >> Hoses are not leaking or worn. Attachment >> Test for correct operation of all
hoses >> Switch tractor off – wipe all controls controls for three-point linkage
hose and fitting surfaces with and FEL attachment.
a clean rag. >> Check for excessive hydraulic
>> Wear eye protection, gloves creep by starting the tractor
and close fitting clothing. and lifting the bucket or
attachment to its full height.
>> Restart tractor and cycle all the
Turn off the engine and
hydraulics until the oil reaches
watch how quickly the raised
operating temperature.
equipment drops. Follow
>> Lower attachments to the manufacturer’s instructions.
ground then turn engine off
>> Refer to manufacturer’s
and check that all cleaned
operator manual or equipment
areas show no signs of
specifications for drop rates.
dampness.
>> Ensure no-one enters the area
>> DO NOT place hands around
during this inspection.
hoses or connections when the
system is under pressure.
Other >> A first aid kit, working fire Other >> Operator’s cabin is free of
extinguisher and other personal mud and oil.
protective equipment are on >> Platform access, steps and
the tractor. handrails are secure, clean and
>> Earmuffs available for any have three points of contact.
tractor without a cab. >> All gauges and lights in the
>> Know safe work load (SWL), cabin operate correctly when
axle loads and counterbalance the tractor is running (refer
requirements for all to operator’s manual).
attachments. >> Vehicle registration (if
>> Windows clean with good applicable) is current and
all-around visibility. clearly visible.
MAINTENANCE CHECK PERFORMED BY: DATE:
NEXT CHECK DUE (DATE):
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