Saint Lucia COUNTRY REPORT - GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015 - FAO

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GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015

           COUNTRY REPORT

            Saint Lucia

                 Rome, 2014
FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world´s forests and their
management and uses through the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA). This country report
is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015
(FRA 2015).
The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by
FAO in the document Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-au190e.pdf).
These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents.

The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the
report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information
contained in this report.
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report preparation and contact persons...............................................................................................................................4
1. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? ................................................. 5
2. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? ..................................................... 19
3. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? .....................................................24
4. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? .................................................................32
5. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? ..................................... 39
6. How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity and how has it changed over
time? ................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
7. What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species? .................................................................................. 49
8. How much forest area is damaged each year? ............................................................................................................ 52
9. What is the forest area with reduced canopy cover? ....................................................................................................56
10. What forest policy and regulatory framework exists to support implementation of sustainable forest management
SFM? .................................................................................................................................................................................. 57
11. Is there a national platform that promotes stakeholder participation in forest policy development? ............................ 59
12. What is the forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use and how has it changed over time? .................. 60
13. How does your country measure and report progress towards SFM at the national level? ........................................ 63
14. What is the area of forest under a forest management plan and how is this monitored? ........................................... 65
15. How are stakeholders involved in the management decision making for publicly owned forests? .............................. 67
16. What is the area of forest under an independently verified forest certification scheme? .............................................68
17. How much money do governments collect from and spend on forests? .....................................................................70
18. Who owns and manages the forests and how has this changed? ..............................................................................72
19. How many people are directly employed in forestry? ................................................................................................. 76
20. What is the contribution of forestry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? .................................................................... 78
21. What is forest area likely to be in the future ............................................................................................................... 79

                                                                                             3
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

Report preparation and contact persons
Contact persons
The present report was prepared by the following person(s)

        Name (FAMILY
                                               Institution/address                   Email                   Tables
       NAME, first name)
 TOUSSAINT, Adams                        Department of Forests            adams.toussaint@govt.lc      N/A
                                         and Lands Resources
                                         Developement
 Rock Rebecca                            Department of Forests            rrock@live.com               N/A
                                         and Lands Resources
                                         Developement
 James Odetta                            Department of Forests            odettal@gmail.com            N/A
                                         and Lands Resources
                                         Developement
 N/A                                     N/A                              N/A                          N/A

Introductory Text
Place an introductory text on the content of this report

 Vegetation map of Saint Lucia elaborated in 2006 based on satellite images from 2001. There are some
 reservations to the map as there are a few “pockets” of areas that are not recognized.

 Vegetation map of St. Lucia created in 2009 based on field work and aerial photographs as part of the Forest
 Inventory.

Desk Study?
                                          Check "yes" if this survey is a Desk Study, "no" otherwise

 Desk Study?                                                                                  no

                                                                      4
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

1. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time?
Documents for this question:

• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015
• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions

1.1 Categories and definitions
           Category                                                              Definition

 Forest                          Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than
                                 10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly
                                 under agricultural or urban land use.
 Other wooded land               Land not classified as "Forest" spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and
                                 a canopy cover of 5-10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds ; or with a combined cover
                                 of shrubs bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under
                                 agricultural or urban land use.
 Other land                      All land that is not classified as "Forest" or "Other wooded land".

 ...of which with tree cover Land considered as "Other land", that is predominantly agricultural or urban lands use and has patches
 (sub-category)              of tree cover that span more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees able
                             to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. It includes bothe forest and non-forest tree species.
 Inland water bodies             Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs.

 Forest expansion                Expansion of forest on land that, until then, was not defined as forest.

 ...of which afforestation       Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was not
 (sub-category)                  defined as forest.
 ...of which natural             Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, was under another land use
 expansion of forest (sub-       (e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture).
 category)
 Deforestation                   The conversion of forest to other land use or the longterm reduction of the tree canopy cover below the
                                 minimum 10 percent threshold.
 ...of which human               Human induced conversion of forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopy
 induced (sub-category)          cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold.
 Reforestation                   Natural regeneration or re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land
                                 already in forest land use.
 ...of which artificial          Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use.
 reforestation (sub-
 category)

1.2 National data
1.2.1 Data sources

              References to sources
                                                      Variables                          Years                   Additional comments
                 of information
 1        Organization of American     Land use, forest type,                1977                            Land use information
          states, 1987. Saint Lucia    Vegetation type                                                       was obtained from 1977
          Development Atlas: Map                                                                             conventional airphotos
          Preparation. OAS, Dept. Reg.
          Dev., Washington, DC.

                                                                       5
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 2       Canadian International      Land use, forest type,               1977                             Land use information
         development Agency,         Vegetation type                                                       was obtained from 1977
         1983. Forest Management                                                                           conventional airphotos
         And Conservation plan
         (1983-1994). Ottawa, Canada
 3       Canadian International      Land use, forest type,               1989                             Land use information was
         development Agency,         Vegetation type                                                       obtained from 1989 French
         1992. Forest Management                                                                           satellite image (SPOT).
         And Conservation plan
         (1992-2002). Ottawa, Canada
 4       Schill, et.al. 2006. Forest      Land cover                      2001                             N/A
         Formation and Land Cover
         Map Series: Lt. Lucia.
 5       Graveson, et al. 2009.           Vegetation, land cover          2009                             Information was obtained
         Vegetation Map of St. Lucia                                                                       from fieldwork approx.
                                                                                                           190 sample plots and aerial
                                                                                                           photography (2009)

1.2.2 Classification and definitions

                              National class                                                       Definition

 Natural Forest                                                        Primary and secondary forested areas that are used primarily for
                                                                       forestry. This includes natural forest, mangrove and plantations.
 Scrub Forest                                                          Areas with shrubs or stunted trees covering more than 20%
                                                                       of the area, not primarily used for Agriculture or non-forestry
                                                                       purposes.
 Open woodlands                                                        Lands with scattered trees or shrubs over a graminaceous layer.

 Agriculture                                                           Sub class Intensive:Areas where 70% or more of the surface is
                                                                       devoted primarily to Agriculture.
 Agriculture                                                           Subclass Mix: Areas where less than 70% of the surface is
                                                                       devoted primarily to Agriculture that is organised as scattered
                                                                       individual holdings. The predominant non-agricultural coverage
                                                                       is secondary forest.
 Agriculture                                                           Subclass Eroded Lands: Eroded agricultural lands

 Settlements / Built Areas                                             Rural settlement areas occupied by clusters of houses and
                                                                       intensive urban development.
 Water                                                                 Dams and marinas

 Other                                                                 Subclass rock and eroded soil: Beaches, mines and other rocky
                                                                       outcrops.
 Other                                                                 Subclass undefined: Deficit in total area not described by
                                                                       referenced report.

                                                                   6
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 Freshwater Swamp Forest                       This vegetation class, like mangrove, is independent of direct
                                               rainfall and more dependant on edaphic (soil) water. Freshwater
                                               Swamp Forest occurs in flat areas close to sea-level, with a
                                               permanent or seasonal freshwater flow and no inflow of salt
                                               water. Trees are evergreen and there is a tendency for more or
                                               less monotypic (single-species) stands to form. The surface of
                                               the soil becomes muddy because the water table reaches the
                                               surface for at least part of the year, and is sometimes inundated.
                                               Soil water is available even if the surface dries out. This class
                                               varies from the permanently muddy and occasionally inundated
                                               swamp redwood forest beside rivers with a permanent flow of
                                               water, to forest on flat areas behind beaches that rely on seasonal
                                               creeks to maintain the water table.
 Elfin Shrublands                              Relatively few species are found in this vegetation type: mainly a
                                               mixture of bromeliads, sedges and grasses and shrubs, with many
                                               Lesser Antillean endemics
 Deciduous Seasonal Forest                     This class is defined as deciduous because the taller trees tend
                                               to lose all their leaves in most dry seasons, although the smaller
                                               trees and shrubs are evergreen. Its overall appearance during a
                                               normal dry season is of a more or less leafless canopy. There is
                                               no moss or cover of ground ferns. Vines and herbaceous ground
                                               cover are present, particularly in the more disturbed areas, where
                                               more light passes through canopy during the wet season. This
                                               forest class reaches an elevation of 700m on Petit Piton.
 Deciduous Seasonal Forest and Grassland       Open grassy areas are probably not a natural vegetation class
                                               in Saint Lucia, except perhaps as small patches in rocky coastal
                                               cliffs and pavement. As discussed in section 4.8, however,
                                               fires and other continual disturbance of Deciduous Seasonal
                                               Forest produces degraded „grassy. areas (including sedges)
                                               with some shrubs and trees. Abandoned gardens in wetter areas
                                               can temporarily take on this form, but quickly develop into
                                               secondary forest
 Fumarole Vegetation                           This is a rare acid-tolerant class confined to the Sulphur Springs,
                                               especially on the slope of Mount Souf. It is dominated by ferns
                                               about 2m tall and a bromeliad, with widely-spaced trees.
 Herbaceous Swamp                              Seasonally or permanently muddy or flooded areas with a mainly
                                               herbaceous cover, along with some shrubs, and possibly an
                                               occasional tree.
 Lower Montane Rainforest                      Lower Montane Rainforest merges with Semi-evergreen
                                               Seasonal Forest at lower elevations and with Montane/ Cloud
                                               Montane Rainforest at higher elevations. Trees are evergreen
                                               because there is no water deficit most years in any month. In
                                               general, trees of all heights are found, without clear divisions
                                               into separate canopy layers. Although there may be a shrub, fern
                                               and herbaceous (mainly Anthurium) ground cover, this forest
                                               class is easy to walk through (if one ignores the incline) except
                                               where the canopy has been destroyed and ferns, vines and shrubs
                                               colonise the clearing
 Montane Rainforest                            This class is poorly differentiated from Lower Montane
                                               Rainforest in terms of species, but it has a very characteristic
                                               appearance. It is found only on very steep slopes at high
                                               elevation: where the slope is gentler Lower Montane Rainforest
                                               replaces it.

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FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 Semi-evergreen Seasonal Forest                            Semi-evergreen Seasonal Forest occupies the zone between
                                                           Deciduous Seasonal Forest and Lower Montane Rainforest. It is
                                                           characterized by upper canopy trees with rather thin, often broad,
                                                           and quite often compound leaves, which may lose some, but
                                                           not all, of their leaves during a dry spell. There are no, or very
                                                           few, epiphytes, ground ferns and mosses. Elevation ranges from
                                                           almost sea-level in ravines to the summit of Gros Piton

1.2.3 Original data

   Descript                                                 Ha(1000)

   Builtup Areas                                                                                                     11.88

   Deciduous Seasonal Forest                                                                                         11.78

   Deciduous Seasonal Forest and Grassland                                                                            2.69

   Elfin Shrublands                                                                                                   .081

   Freshwater Swamp Forest                                                                                           .066

   Fumarole Vegetation                                                                                                .027

   Herbaceous Swamp                                                                                                   .146

   Intensive Farming                                                                                                  2.07

   Lower Montane Rainforest                                                                                          12.57

   Mangrove                                                                                                            .30

   Mixed Farming with Deciduous Seasonal Forest                                                                       6.80

   Mixed Farming with Lower Montane Forest                                                                             .70

   Mixed Farming with Semi Evergreen Seasonal Forest                                                                   7.0

   Montane Rainforest                                                                                                 .071

   Semi-evergreen Seasonal Forest                                                                                     3.81

   Under Construction                                                                                                 .316

                                                                                                                     60.34

 Data Source: St. Lucia Forestry Department; FCG Project 2008 - 2009 Botanical Survey 191 plots surveyed
 from May 2009. Botanist Roger Graveson.

                                                       8
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Landuse 2009

   Description                                   Hectares(2009)                          hectares(2000)

   Bare Ground/Scrub                                                              2.73                         .47

   Densely Vegetated Farming                                                  13.65                           3.58

   Forest Reserve                                                                 9.42                        7.97

   Golf Course                                                                    .064

   Grasslands                                                                      .19                        2.69

   Intensive Farming                                                              2.95                        12.2

   Mangrove                                                                        .18                         .23

   Mixed Farming                                                                  1.56                       11.48

   Natural Tropical Forest                                                        4.79                        6.16

   Other Vegetation                                                               8.63

   Ponds                                                                           .04

   Scrub Forest                                                                   6.38                        6.79

   Builtup Area                                                               10.13                           9.04

                                                                              60.64                          60.64

 Data Source: St. Lucia Forestry Department; 2004 aerial photographs and field surveys

   National class                        Sub-class                    1977*                      1989***

                                                                      (1000 ha)                  (1000 ha)

                                                                  9
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

     Forest                              Natural                      25.1**          12.9

                                         Scrub                        12.5            7.5

     Open woodlands                                                   2.5             1.3

     Agriculture                         Intensive                    7.1             17.6

                                         Mix                          12.3**          16.2

                                         Eroded lands                                 0.2

     Settlements                                                      1.7             5.4

     Water                                                                            0.1

     Other                               Rock and Exposed soil                        0.4

                                         Undefined

     Total                                                            61.1            61.6

 *             Canadian International development Agency, 1983.

 **       A relative proportion of secondary forest to mixed agriculture reported by the Organization of American
  states, 1987 using the same airphotos was used to separate the bulk figure reported by CIDA.

 ***          Canadian International development Agency, 1992.

 In 2006, Schill et. al. published a new vegetation map for Satin Lucia. It represents approximately the state of
 the vegetation as of year 2001. They used a combination of LANDSAT ETM+ scenes and IKONOS imagery.
 The forest classification scheme is adapted from Areces-Malea et al. (1999)
 , who classify Caribbean vegetation according to standards of the US Federal Geographic Data Committee
 (FGDC 1997)
 .

 Using the GIS coverage for this new map the following areas of different vegetation types were obtained:

     Landcover class name                                             Area (ha)

     Lowland Forest                                                   29758.86

     Transitional Cloud Forests                                       6493.14

                                                                 10
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Cloud Forests                                          1062.27

   Elfin Forests                                          791.73

   Woody Agriculture                                      64.71

   Pasture/Grass                                          1258.56

   Seasonal Forests                                       71.55

   Evergreen Forests                                      143.28

   Plantation Forests                                     1205.55

   Wetlands                                               8.82

   Barren                                                 287.91

   Quarries                                               19.08

   Banana                                                 579.24

   Banana-Coconut Mix                                     48.96

   Coconut                                                149.76

   Urban Light Density                                    9655.56

   Urban High Density                                     1206.27

   White Sand                                             65.79

   Black Sand                                             14.13

   Golf Course                                            69.66

   Semi-deciduous Forests                                 319.77

   Drought-deciduous Forests                              6978.24

   Mangroves                                              164.16

   Water                                                  2219.58

   TOTAL                                                  62636.58

 For the further analysis, only the 1977 and 2001 data sets were used. The 1989 data set was discarded as
 the trend was contrary to the general knowledge that the forest area has increased due to the abandoning of
 agricultural land.

                                                     11
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

1.3 Analysis and processing of national data
1.3.1 Adjustment

 FAOSTAT presents the following official data:

   Total country area (hectares)                             62000

   Inland water (hectares)                                   1000

   Total land area (hectares)                                61000

 The 1977 data set has a total land area of 61100 hectares and the 2001 data set has a total land area of 60 417
 hectares. Both data sets are fairly close to the total land area as reported in FAOSTAT, hence no calibration is
 done. Instead, the area of other land is adjusted so figures add up to the total area as of FAOSTAT.

1.3.2 Estimation and forecasting

 Linear interpolation was used to estimate the forest area for 1990 and 2000. The 2001 figure has been used for
 2005 and 2010, assuming that the rate of increase in forest area has gone down and is now more or less stable.

1.3.3 Reclassification

 1977 data

   National                  Sub-class   FRACategories
   Classes
                                         Forest              OWL             OL                 Water

   Forest                    Natural     100%

                             Scrub       100%

                                                        12
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

                             Open           100%
                             woodlands
   Agriculture               Intensive                                        100%

                             Mix                                              100%

                             Eroded lands                                     100%

   Settlements                                                                100%

   Water                                                                                         100%

   Other                     Rock and                                         100%
                             Exposed soil
                             Undefined                                        100%

 The reclassification of the 1977 data is slightly different from the reclassification in the report to FRA 2005 in
 order to make it more comparable to the 2001 data set.

 2001 data

   Landcover                 Forest         OWL               OL              OLwTC              Water
   class name
   Lowland                   100%
   Forest
   Transitional              100%
   Cloud Forests
   Cloud Forests             100%

   Elfin Forests             100%

   Woody                                                      100%            100%
   Agriculture
   Pasture/Grass                                              100%

   Seasonal                  100%
   Forests
   Evergreen                 100%
   Forests

                                                         13
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Plantation                100%
   Forests
   Wetlands                                                100%

   Barren                                                  100%

   Quarries                                                100%

   Banana                                                  100%

   Banana-                                                 100%            100%
   Coconut Mix
   Coconut                                                 100%            100%

   Water                                                                                     100%

   Urban Light                                             100%
   Density
   Urban High                                              100%
   Density
   White Sand                                              100%

   Black Sand                                              100%

   Golf Course                                             100%

   Semi-                     100%
   deciduous
   Forests
   Drought-                  100%
   deciduous
   Forests
   Mangroves                 100%

 The reclassification gives the following data. Other land is adjusted so that the areas add up to the FAOSTAT
 official figures.

   Reclassified data into                1977                              2001

                                                      14
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   FRA2010 categories                           (hectares)                       (hectares)

   Forest                                       40 100                           46 989

   Other wooded land                            0                                0

   Other land                                   20 900                           14 011

   ... of which with tree cover                 n.d.a.                           263

   Inland water                                 1 000                            1 000

   TOTAL land area                              62 000                           62 000

 The 2001 data set does not allow for separating forest and other wooded land. Any areas of other wooded land
 are included under the forest category. To achieve comparability, the areas of scrub and other woodland in the
 1977 data set were also included in the forest category, while in the FRA 2005 report they were considered
 as other wooded land.

 2004 - 2009 Data

   Landuse Cover             Forest             OWL                  OL          OLwTC           Water

   Bare Ground/                                                           100%
   Scrub
   Densely                                                                                100%
   Vegetated
   Farming
   Forest Reserve                        100%

   Golf Course                                                            100%

   Grasslands                                                             100%

   Intensive                                                              100%
   Farming
   Mangrove                              100%

   Mixed Farming                                                          100%

   Natural Tropical                      100%
   Forest
   Other Vegetation                                      100%

                                                                15
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Ponds                                                                                                                                                    100%

   Scrub Forest                             100%

   Builtup Area                                                                                      100%

 This was derived using an amalgamation of classifications for the previous years

1.4 Data
Table 1a
                                                                                                        Area (000 hectares)
                       Categories
                                                                      1990                    2000                 2005               2010                 2015

                     Forest                                    21.8                    21.2                20.9                20.6                 20.3

                     Other wooded land                         0                       0                   0                   8.6                  8.6

                     Other land                                39.2                    39.8                40.1                31.8                 32.1

                     ... of which with tree cover              N/A                     0.26                0.26                0.26                 0.26

                     Inland water bodies                       1                       1                   1                   1                    1

                     TOTAL                                  62.00                  62.00                  62.00                62.00            62.00

Table 1b
                                                       Annual forest establishment /                                     ...of which of introduced
                                                        loss (000 hectares per year)                                  species (000 hectares per year)
              Categories
                                                1990           2000              2005            2010              1990        2000          2005           2010

               Forest expansion             N/A            N/A               N/A               N/A             N/A         N/A           N/A               N/A

               ... of which afforestation   0              0                 0                 N/A             0           0             0                 N/A

                                                                                  16
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

               ... of which natural         0         0           0           N/A         0            0            0           N/A
               expansion of forest

               Deforestation                N/A       N/A         N/A         N/A         N/A          N/A          N/A         N/A

               ... of which human induced   N/A       N/A         N/A         N/A         N/A          N/A          N/A         N/A

               Reforestation                N/A       N/A         N/A         N/A         N/A          N/A          N/A         N/A

               ... of which artificial      0         0           0           N/A         0            0            0           N/A

Tiers
                     Category                                  Tier for status                         Tier for reported trend

 Forest                                           Tier 3                                      Tier 2

 Other wooded land                                Tier 3                                      Tier 2

 Forest expansion                                 Tier 2                                      Tier 1

 Deforestation                                    Tier 2                                      Tier 1

 Reforestation                                    Tier 2                                      Tier 1

Tier criteria
                     Category                                  Tier for status                         Tier for reported trend

 •   Forest                                       Tier 3 : Data sources: Either recent        Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated
 •   Other wooded land                            (less than 10 years ago) National Forest    compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :
 •   Afforestation                                Inventory or remote sensing, with ground    Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
 •   Reforestation                                truthing, or programme for repeated         2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for
 •   Natural expansion of forest                  compatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources:      status) Tier 1 : Other
 •   Deforestation                                Full cover mapping / remote sensing or
                                                  old NFI (more than 10 years ago) Tier 1 :
                                                  Other

1.5 Comments
                                                            Comments related to
                     Category                                                                    Comments on the reported trends
                                                             data definitions etc
 Forest                                            The forest area may include an unknown     N/A
                                                  extent of other wooded land.
 Other wooded land                                N/A                                         N/A

 Other land                                       N/A                                         N/A

 Other land with tree cover                       N/A                                         N/A

 Inland water bodies                              N/A                                         N/A

 Forest expansion                                 N/A                                         N/A

 Deforestation                                    N/A                                         N/A

                                                                      17
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 Reforestation                           N/A                                    N/A

                                          Other general comments to the table

 N/A

                                                          18
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

2. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time?
Documents for this question:

• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015
• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions

2.1 Categories and definitions
            Term                                                                 Definition

 Naturally regenerated           Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration.
 forest
 Naturalized introduced          Other naturally regenerated forest where the tree species are predominantly non-native and do not need
 species                         human help to reproduce/maintain populations over time.
 Introduced species              A species, subspecies or lower taxon occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersal
                                 potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect
                                 introduction or care by humans).

          Category                                                               Definition

 Primary forest                  Naturally regenerated forest of native species where there are no clearly visible indications of human
                                 activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed.
 Other naturally                 Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities.
 regenerated forest
 ...of which of introduced       Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species.
 species (sub-category)
 ...of which naturalized         Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of naturalized introduced species.
 (sub-sub category)
 Planted forest                  Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding.

 ...of which of introduced       Planted forest where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species.
 species (sub-category)
 Mangroves                       Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation.

 ...of which planted (sub-       Mangroves predominantly composed of trees established through planting.
 category)

2.2 National data
2.2.1 Data sources

             References to sources
                                                      Variables                         Years                   Additional comments
                of information
 1       Schill, et.al. 2006. Forest       Land cover                       2001                             N/A
         Formation and Land Cover
         Map Series: Lt. Lucia.
 2       Canadian International      Forest reserves, protected             1989                             Land use information was
         development Agency,         areas                                                                   obtained from 1989 French
         1992. Forest Management                                                                             satellite image (SPOT).
         And Conservation plan
         (1992-2002). Ottawa, Canada

                                                                      19
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 3       Graveson, et al. 2009.           Vegetation Types             2009                      Field work 191 sample plots
         Vegetation Map of St. Lucia                                                             and 2009 aerial photography
 4       Forestry Dept., Land use map Land Use                         2009                      Field work; aerial
                                                                                                 photography and satellite
                                                                                                 imagery
 5       CIDA Forest Management           Basal area, volumes,         1982                      N/A
         Assistance Project (Piitz,       classifications
         1983)This inventory was
         conducted by CIDA after
         hurricane Allen
 6       Forest Demarcation and Bio-      Basal area, volumes,         2009                      N/A
         physical Resource Inventory;     classifications
         B Tenant 2009

2.2.2 Classification and definitions

                              National class                                             Definition

 N/A                                                               N/A

 N/A                                                               N/A

 N/A                                                               N/A

 N/A                                                               N/A

2.2.3 Original data

     Landuse 2009

     Description                                 Hectares(2009)                       hectares(2000)

     Bare Ground/Scrub                                                         2.73                                      .47

     Densely Vegetated Farming                                                13.65                                     3.58

     Forest Reserve                                                            9.42                                     7.97

     Golf Course                                                               .064

     Grasslands                                                                 .19                                     2.69

     Intensive Farming                                                         2.95                                     12.2

     Mangrove                                                                   .18                                      .23

     Mixed Farming                                                             1.56                                   11.48

     Natural Tropical Forest                                                   4.79                                     6.16

                                                                  20
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Other Vegetation                                                    8.63

   Ponds                                                                .04

   Scrub Forest                                                        6.38      6.79

   Builtup Area                                                       10.13      9.04

                                                                      60.64     60.64

 Data Source: St. Lucia Forestry Department

   Descript                                                 Ha(000)

   Builtup Areas                                                              11.8800

   Deciduous Seasonal Forest                                                  11.7900

   Deciduous Seasonal Forest and Grassland                                     2.6900

   Elfin Shrublands                                                            0.0810

   Freshwater Swamp Forest                                                     0.0650

   Fumarole Vegetation                                                         0.0270

   Herbaceous Swamp                                                            0.1460

   Intensive Farming                                                           2.0740

   Lower Montane Rainforest                                                   12.5600

   Mangrove                                                                    0.3030

   Mixed Farming with Deciduous Seasonal Forest                                6.8000

   Mixed Farming with Lower Montane Forest                                     0.7040

   Mixed Farming with Semi Evergreen Seasonal Forest                           7.0040

   Montane Rainforest                                                          0.0710

   Semi-evergreen Seasonal Forest                                              3.8100

   Under Construction                                                          0.3160

                                                                              60.3210

                                                       21
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 Gravesons vegetation classification for St. Lucia 2009

2.3 Analysis and processing of national data
2.3.1 Adjustment

2.3.2 Estimation and forecasting

2.3.3 Reclassification

2.4 Data
Table 2a
                                                                                            Forest area (000 hectares)
                      Categories
                                                               1990                  2000                2005             2010              2015

                    Primary forest                      18.65                 18.05               17.75            17.45             17.15

                    Other naturally regenerated         N/A                   N/A                 N/A              N/A               N/A
                    forest
                    ... of which of introduced          N/A                   N/A                 N/A              N/A               N/A
                    species
                    ... of which naturalized            N/A                   N/A                 N/A              N/A               N/A

                    Planted forest                      3.15                  3.15                3.15             3.15              3.15

                    ... of which of introduced          N/A                   N/A                 N/A              N/A               N/A
                    species
 TOTAL                                                  21.80              21.20                 20.90             20.60             20.30

Table 2b
                                                    Primary forest converted to (000 ha)

                   1990-2000                                          2000-2010                                          2010-2015

    Other                                             Other                                                  Other
   natural           Planted         Other land      natural           Planted         Other land           natural        Planted     Other land
regeneration                                      regeneration                                           regeneration
 N/A              N/A               N/A           N/A             N/A                  N/A               N/A            N/A            N/A

Table 2c

                                                                         22
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

                                                                              Area (000 hectares)
               Categories
                                                1990               2000               2005                   2010              2015

 Mangroves (forest and OWL)              0.26               0.22                0.2                   0.18              0.16

 ... of which planted                    N/A                N/A                 N/A                   N/A               N/A

Tiers
                    Category                                Tier for status                            Tier for reported trend

 Primary forest                                 Tier 3                                       Tier 2

 Other naturally regenerated forest             Tier 3                                       Tier 2

 Planted forest                                 Tier 3                                       Tier 2

 Mangroves                                      Tier 2                                       Tier 2

Tier Criteria
                    Category                                Tier for status                            Tier for reported trend

 Primary forest/Other naturally regenerated Tier 3 : Data sources: Recent (less than         Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated
 forest/Planted forest                      10 years) National Forest Inventory or           compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :
                                            remote sensing with ground truthing or           Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
                                            data provided by official agencies or            2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for
                                            programme for repeated compatible NFIs           status) Tier 1 : Other
                                            Tier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping/
                                            remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10
                                            years) Tier 1 : Other

2.5 Comments
                                                         Comments related to
                    Category                                                                       Comments on reported trend
                                                          data definitions etc
 Primary forest                                 N/A                                          N/A

 Other naturally regenerating forest            N/A                                          N/A

 Planted forest                                 N/A                                          N/A

 Mangroves                                      Data was available for 2000 and 2010         N/A

                                                  Other general comments to the table

 N/A

                                                                    23
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

3. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed?
Documents for this question:

• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015
• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions

3.1 Categories and definitions
          Category                                                              Definition

 Growing stock                   Volume over bark of all living trees with a minimum diameter of 10 cm at breast height (or above
                                 buttress if these are higher). Includes the stem from ground level up to a top diameter of 0 cm,
                                 excluding branches.
 Net Annual Increment            Average annual volume of gross increment over the given reference period less that of natural losses on
 (NAI)                           all trees, measured to minimum diameters as defined for "Growing stock".
 Above-ground biomass            All living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage.

 Below-ground biomass            All biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot
                                 be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter.
 Dead wood                       All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter either standing lying on the ground or in the
                                 soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm
                                 in diameter or any other diameter used by the country.
 Carbon in above-ground          Carbon in all living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage.
 biomass
 Carbon in below-ground          Carbon in all biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these
 biomass                         often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter.
 Carbon in dead wood             Carbon in all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground,
                                 or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots and stumps larger than or equal
                                 to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country.
 Carbon in litter                Carbon in all non-living biomass with a diameter less than the minimum diameter for dead wood (e.g.
                                 10 cm ) lying dead in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil.
 Soil carbon                     Organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a soil depth of 30 cm.

3.2 National data
3.2.1 Data sources

             References to sources
                                                     Variables                         Years                   Additional comments
                of information
 1       Forest Inventory 1945             Basal Area; volume;               1945                           Forest Inventory and
                                           stocking; forest classification                                  classification; J.S Beard
 2       Forest Inventory 1982             Basal Area; volume; damage; 1982 - 2003                          CIDA Forest Management
                                           mortality; stocking; forest                                      Assistance Project (Piitz,
                                           classification                                                   1983)This inventory was
                                                                                                            conducted by CIDA after
                                                                                                            hurricane Allen
 3       Forest Inventory 2009             Basal Area; volume; damage; 2009                                 Forest Demarcation and Bio-
                                           mortality; stocking; forest                                      physical Resource Inventory;
                                           classification                                                   B Tenant 2009

                                                                       24
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 4       N/A                              N/A                      N/A                             N/A

3.2.2 Classification and definitions

                              National class                                                Definition

 Exploitation forest                                           Areas of forest with slope less than 30 degrees not requiring
                                                               protection for other values
 Protection/Production forest                                  Areas of forest with slopes less than 30 degrees requiring
                                                               protection for other values, while allowing limited production
 Protection forest                                             Areas of forest with slope greater than 30 degrees and any other
                                                               areas requiring protection
 N/A                                                           N/A

3.2.3 Original data

     Forest Management Class                    Mean stocking                         Mean Total Volume

     Exploitation forest                        344                                   205

     Protection/Production                      305                                   194
     forest
     Protection forest                          275                                   183

     All forest types                           289                                   187

 1982 Inventory table

     Species                                    Volume 1982 (m3)                      Volume 2009 (m3)

     Sterculia caribaea                         11.4                                  53.1

     Dacryodes excelsa                          29.8                                  30.0

     Licania ternatensis                        11.0                                  12.8

     Sloanea caribaea                           19.6                                  10.9

     Pouteria pallida                           14.5                                  10.1

     Sapium caribaeum                           6.8                                   9.8

     Guatteria caribaea                         7.5                                   9.7

                                                              25
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

    Talauma dodecapetala                           7.1                                          3.5

    Species                                        Volume within dbh classes (m3)               Total Volume (m3)

    < 15              15 - < 25      25 - < 35           35 - < 45         45 - < 55     55 - < 65           65 - < 75     > 75

 Sterculia     3.7           8.8            11.3                11.9 9.8          4.0                 2.1           1.5           53.1
 caribaea

 Dacryodes
               0.1           0.8            1.3                 2.8        3.2    3.7                 4.9           13.2          30.0
 excelsa

  Hibiscus     1.5           5.3            6.9                 4.4        3.6    1.2                 0.2           0.4           23.5
  elatus

 Licania
 ternatensis
               0.3           1.0            1.7                 2.7        3.4    1.4                 1.6           0.7           12.8

 Ocotea
 leucoxylon
               0.6           2.0            3.0                 3.2        1.4    1.0                 0.6           0.3           12.1

 Swietenia     0.5           1.6            2.2                 2.0        2.4    1.5                 0.1           0.6           10.9
 macro-
 phylla

 Sloanea       0.1           0.4            0.5                 0.6        1.1    1.9                 2.1           4.2           10.9
 caribaea

 Pouteria      0.1           0.4            0.6                 1.1        1.8    1.5                 1.5           3.1           10.1
 pallida

 Sapium
 caribaeum
               0.2           1.0            1.2                 2.3        1.8    1.1                 0.9           1.3           9.8

 Guatteria     0.5           1.4            2.4                 2.1        1.5    0.7                 0.9           0.2           9.7
 caribaea

  All          10.7          25.8           26.4                18.8 14.8 8.9                         6.1           10.9          122.4
  other
  species

 Total         18.3          48.5           57.5                51.9       44.8   26.9                21.0          36.4          305.3
 Volume

 Volume of species previously in demand (after Goodlet, 1970)

                                                                      26
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

3.3 Analysis and processing of national data
3.3.1 Adjustment

 Data from the 1982 and 2009 inventories were available for this calculations. To accommodate the in between
 years the difference between the 2009 and 1982 was found and divided by the number of years in between then
 this factor was used to estimate the missing years.

 2009 - 1982/27

 Both of the forest inventories were done only for the Forest Reserve which is about 9308 ha.

3.3.2 Estimation and forecasting

3.3.3 Reclassification

3.4 Data
Table 3a
                                                             Growing stock volume (million m 3 over bark)

       Category                                     Forest                                               Other wooded land

                             1990         2000       2005        2010          2015        1990        2000       2005       2010      2015

             Total         3.96          5.32       5.86        6.5           7.14     0           0          0          0           N/A
             growing
             stock
             ... of     N/A              N/A        N/A         N/A           N/A      0           0          0          0           N/A
             which
             coniferous
             ... of     3.96             5.32       5.86        6.5           7.14     0           0          0          0           N/A
             which
             broadleaved

Table 3b
                  Category/Species name                                         Growing stock in forest (million cubic meters)

       Rank            Scientific name          Common name             1990                2000              2005                  2010

                                                                         27
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 1 st                   Sterculia         Maho kochon       0.48             0.78                  0.93             1.07
                       caribaea
 2 nd                   Dacryodes         Gonmyé            0.325            0.475                 0.55             0.63
                       excelsa
 3 rd                   Licania           Bwa di mas        0.25             0.26                  0.265            0.27
                       ternatensis
 4 th                   Sloanea           Chatannyé         0.33             0.28                  0.255            0.23
                       caribaea
 5 th                  Pouteria pallida   Balata chyen      0.27             0.24                  0.225            0.21

 6 th                   Sapium            Lagli             0.157            0.177                 0.192            0.207
                       caribaeum
 7 th                   Guatteria         Kòsòl mawon,      0.185            0.195                 0.2              0.205
                       caribaea           Ti kachiman bwa
 8 th                   Talauma           Bwa pan mawon 0.13                 0.11                  0.093            0.074
                       dodecapetala
 9 th                  N/A                N/A               N/A              N/A                   N/A              N/A

 10 th                 N/A                N/A               N/A              N/A                   N/A              N/A

 Remaining                                                  N/A              N/A                   N/A              N/A

 TOTAL                                                      2.13            2.52                   2.71            2.90

THE PRE-FILLED VALUES FOR GROWING STOCK REFER TO THE FOLLOWING
THRESHOLD VALUES (SEE TABLE BELOW)

 Item                                             Value                                      Complementary information

 Minimum diameter (cm) at breast height           10cm                                       N/A
 of trees included in growing stock (X)
 Minimum diameter (cm) at the top end of          N/A                                        N/A
 stem for calculation of growing stock (Y)
 Minimum diameter (cm) of branches                N/A                                        N/A
 included in growing stock (W)
 Volume refers to above ground (AG) or            N/A                                        N/A
 above stump (AS)

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE DEFINITION OF GROWING STOCK HAS CHANGED AND SHOULD
BE REPORTED AS GROWING STOCK DBH 10 CM INCLUDING THE STEM FROM GROUND
LEVEL UP TO A DIAMETER OF 0 CM, EXCLUDING BRANCHES.

Table 3c
                                                             Net annual increment (m 3 per hectare and year)

                Category                                                            Forest

                                                  1990             2000             2005                  2010             2015

                                                                    28
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

                         Net annual            N/A               N/A                  N/A                N/A                    N/A
                         increment
                         ... of which          N/A               N/A                  N/A                N/A                    N/A
                         coniferous
                         ... of which          N/A               N/A                  N/A                N/A                    N/A
                         broadleaved

Table 3d
                                                           Biomass (million metric tonnes oven-dry weight)

       Category                                       Forest                                            Other wooded land

                              1990         2000        2005      2010          2015        1990       2000         2005       2010      2015

             Above           N/A         N/A         N/A       N/A            N/A      0          0            0          0           N/A
             ground
             biomass
             Below           N/A         N/A         N/A       N/A            N/A      0          0            0          0           N/A
             ground
             biomass
             Dead            N/A         N/A         N/A       N/A            N/A      0          0            0          0           N/A
             wood
 TOTAL                      .00          .00         .00       .00        .00         .00         .00        .00          .00         .00

Table 3e
                                                                     Carbon (Million metric tonnes)

       Category                                       Forest                                            Other wooded land

                              1990         2000        2005      2010          2015        1990       2000         2005       2010      2015

             Carbon          N/A         N/A         N/A       N/A            N/A      0          0            0          0           N/A
             in above
             ground
             biomass
             Carbon          N/A         N/A         N/A       N/A            N/A      0          0            0          0           N/A
             in below
             ground
             biomass
             Subtotal        N/A         N/A         N/A       N/A            N/A      0          0            0          0           N/A
             Living
             biomass
             Carbon          N/A         N/A         N/A       N/A            N/A      0          0            0          0           N/A
             in dead
             wood
             Carbon          N/A         N/A         N/A       N/A            N/A      0          0            0          0           N/A
             in litter

                                                                         29
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

             Subtotal      N/A           N/A   N/A         N/A          N/A      0          0          0           0           N/A
             Dead
             wood
             and litter
             Soil          N/A           N/A   N/A         N/A          N/A      0          0          0           0           N/A
             carbon
 TOTAL                    .00            .00   .00        .00        .00         .00        .00        .00        .00        .00

Tiers
               Variable/category                             Tier for status                               Tier for trend

 Total growing stock                           Tier 3                                       Tier 1

 Net annual increment                          N/A                                          N/A

 Above ground biomass                          N/A                                          N/A

 Below ground biomass                          N/A                                          N/A

 Dead wood                                     N/A                                          N/A

 Carbon in above-ground biomass                N/A                                          N/A

 Carbon in below ground biomass                N/A                                          N/A

 Carbon in dead wood and litter                N/A                                          N/A

 Soil carbon                                   N/A                                          N/A

Tier criteria
                    Category                                 Tier for status                         Tier for reported trend

 Total growing stock                           Tier 3: Data sources Recent 10 years         Tier 3: Estimate based on repeated
                                               National Forest Inventory or remote          compatible tiers 3 (tier for status)
                                               sensing with ground truthing or              Domestic growth functions Tier 2:
                                               programme for repeated compatible NFI        Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
                                               10 years Domestic volume functions Tier      2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 tier for
                                               2: Data sources/registers and statistics     status Tier 1: Other
                                               modelling or old NFI 10 years or partial
                                               field inventory Tier 1: Other data sources
 Net annual increment                          Tier 3: Scientifically tested national       Tier 3: Confirmation/adjustment of
                                               volume and growth functions Tier 2:          functions used through scientific work
                                               Selection of volume and growth functions     Tier 2: Review work done to seek
                                               as relevant as possible Tier 1: Other        alternative functions Tier: 1 Other

                                                                   30
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 Biomass                                   Tier 3: Country-specific national or sub-      Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated
                                           national biomass conversion expansion          compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :
                                           factors applied or other domestic or           Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
                                           otherwise nationally relevant biomass          2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for
                                           studies Tier 2: Application of country         status) Tier 1 : Other
                                           specific national or sub-national biomass
                                           conversion factors from other country
                                           with similar climatic conditions and forest
                                           types Tier 1: International/regional default
                                           biomass expansion factors applied
 •   Carbon in above ground biomass        Tier 3: Country-specific national or sub-      Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated
 •   Carbon in below ground biomass        national biomass conversion expansion          compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :
 •   Carbon in dead wood and litter        factors applied Tier 2: Application            Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
 •   Soil carbon                           of country specific national or sub-           2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for
                                           national biomass conversion factors            status) Tier 1 : Other
                                           form from other country with similar
                                           climatic conditions and forest types Tier
                                           1: International/regional default biomass
                                           expansion factors applied

3.5 Comments on growing stock biomass and carbon
                                                     Comments related to
                    Category                                                                  Comments on the reported trend
                                                      data definitions etc
 Total growing stock                       N/A                                            N/A

 Growing stock of broadleaved coniferous   N/A                                            N/A

 Growing stock composition                 N/A                                            N/A

 Net annual increment                      N/A                                            N/A

 Above-ground biomass                      N/A                                            N/A

 Below-ground biomass                      N/A                                            N/A

 Dead wood                                 N/A                                            N/A

 Carbon in above-ground biomass            N/A                                            N/A

 Carbon in below-ground biomass            N/A                                            N/A

 Carbon in dead wood                       N/A                                            N/A

 Carbon in litter                          N/A                                            N/A

 Soil carbon                               N/A                                            N/A

                                             Other general comments to the table

 N/A

                                                                31
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

4. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time?
Documents for this question:

• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015
• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions

4.1 Categories and definitions
            Term                                                                 Definition

 Primary designated              The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit either by legal
 function                        prescription documented decision of the landowner/manager or evidence provided by documented
                                 studies of forest management practices and customary use.
 Non wood forest product         Goods derived from forests that are tangible and physical objects of biological origin other than wood.
 (NWFP)
 Commercial value of             For the purpose of this table, value is defined as the commercial market value at the forest gate.
 NWFP

          Category                                                               Definition

 Production forest               Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forest
                                 products.
 Multiple use forest             Forest area designated for more than one purpose and where none of these alone is considered as the
                                 predominant designated function.
 Total wood removals             The total of industrial round wood removals and woodfuel removals.

 ...of which woodfuel            The wood removed for energy production purposes, regardless whether for industrial, commercial or
                                 domestic use.

4.2 National data
4.2.1 Data sources

             References to sources
                                                      Variables                         Years                    Additional comments
                of information
 1       Canadian International      Land use, Land tenure                  1989                             Land use information was
         development Agency,                                                                                 obtained from 1989 French
         1992. Forest Management                                                                             satellite image (SPOT).
         And Conservation plan
         (1992-2002). Ottawa, Canada
 2       Development of a Sustainable N/A                                   2009                             Masters thesis on the charcoal
         Charcoal Industry in St.                                                                            industry in St. Lucia
         Lucia (Donatian Gustave,
         2009)
 3       Assessing the Sustainable         N/A                              2009                             Masters thesis on the L'ansan
         Management and Production                                                                           industry in St. Lucia
         of L'ansan, (2009) Protium
         attenuatum Incense in St.
         Lucia

                                                                       32
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 4       The Latanye Broom Industry       N/A                    2004          N/A
         of St. Lucia By Donatian
         Gustave, Margaret Severin
         and Brent Charles

4.2.2 Classification and definitions

                              National class                            Definition

 N/A                                                         N/A

 N/A                                                         N/A

 N/A                                                         N/A

 N/A                                                         N/A

4.2.3 Original data

 Forest Reserves (1989)

     Reserve                                    Area

                                                (1000 ha)

     Castries Waterworks                        1.393

     Barre-de-l’Isle North                      0.231

     Barre-de-l’Isle South                      0.724

     Central Forest A                           1.631

     Central Forest B                           1.474

     Quilesse                                   1.4

     Saltibus Grand Magazin                     0.107

     Addition Central Forest                    0.121

     Dennery Waterworks                         0.145

     Dennery Ridge                              0.071

     Marquis Estate 1                           0.134

     Marquis Estate 2                           0.035

                                                            33
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Marquis Estate 3-6                             0.019

   Forestierre Blocks                             0.012

   Vie litre                                      0.216

   Fond Estate                                    0.315

   Total                                          8.028

 An additional 1295 hectares of land was added to the forest reserve in 2007.

4.3 Analysis and processing of national data
4.3.1 Adjustment

4.3.2 Estimation and forecasting

4.3.3 Reclassification

 The protected areas are considered as designated for conservation of biodiversity and the forest reserves are
 designated for multiple use.

4.4 Data
Table 4a
                                                                       Forest area (000 hectares)
               Categories
                                                 1990           2000              2005              2010         2015

                       Production forest   0              0                 0                 0            0

                       Multiple use        1.7            1.7               1.7               3            4.3
                       forest

Table 4b

                                                                 34
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

                                                                                    Commercial value
                                                                                    of NWFP removals
            Rank                    Name of product           Key species                                   NWFP category
                                                                                     2010 (value 1000
                                                                                      local currency)
 1 st                           l'ansan                 Protium attenuatum         50                   7

 2 nd                           latanye                  Coccothrinax              66                   5
                                                        barbadensis
 3 rd                           N/A                     N/A                        N/A                  N/A

 4 th                           N/A                     N/A                        N/A                  N/A

 5 th                           N/A                     N/A                        N/A                  N/A

 6 th                           N/A                     N/A                        N/A                  N/A

 7 th                           N/A                     N/A                        N/A                  N/A

 8 th                           N/A                     N/A                        N/A                  N/A

 9 th                           N/A                     N/A                        N/A                  N/A

 10 th                          N/A                     N/A                        N/A                  N/A

 TOTAL                                                                            116.00

 2010

 Name of local currency                                                East Caribbean Dollar (XCD)

                                                               Category

 Plant products / raw material

 1 Food

 2 Fodder

 3 Raw material for medicine and aromatic products

 4 Raw material for colorants and dyes

 5 Raw material for utensils handicrafts construction

 6 Ornamental plants

 7 Exudates

 8 Other plant products

 Animal products / raw material

                                                                  35
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 9 Living animals

 10 Hides skins and trophies

 11 Wild honey and beewax

 12 Wild meat

 13 Raw material for medicine

 14 Raw material for colorants

 15 Other edible animal products

 16 Other non-edible animal products

Table 4c Pre-filled data from FAOSTAT
                                                             FRA 2015 category (1000 m 3 u.b.)
                      Year
                                                Total wood removals                     ...of which woodfuel

 1990                                    8.98                                 8

 1991                                    9.04                                 8

 1992                                    9.07                                 8

 1993                                    8.73                                 8

 1994                                    8.85                                 8

 1995                                    8.86                                 8

 1996                                    8.97                                 8

 1997                                    9.07                                 8

 1998                                    9.08                                 8

 1999                                    9.12                                 8

 2000                                    9.42                                 8

 2001                                    9.47                                 8

 2002                                    9.52                                 8

 2003                                    9.57                                 8

 2004                                    9.62                                 8

 2005                                    9.67                                 8

                                                        36
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 2006                                    9.7                                          8

 2007                                    9.74                                         8

 2008                                    9.78                                         8

 2009                                    9.81                                         8

 2010                                    9.85                                         8

 2011                                    9.86                                         8

Tiers
                    Category                          Tier for status                          Tier for reported trend

 Production forest                       Tier 3                                       Tier 3

 Multiple use forest                     Tier 1                                       Tier 1

Tier Criteria
                    Category                          Tier for status                          Tier for reported trend

 Production forest Multiple use forest   Tier 3: Updated including field              Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated
                                         verifications national forest maps           compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :
                                         including functions Tier 2: Forest maps      Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
                                         older than 6 years including forest          2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for
                                         functions Tier 1: Other                      status) Tier 1 : Other

4.5 Comments
                                                   Comments related to
                    Category                                                              Comments on the reported trend
                                                    data definitions etc
 Production forest                       There are no production forests              N/A

 Multiple use forest                     N/A                                          N/A

 Total wood removals                      . The volume of production was estimated    N/A
                                         as equaling to the consumption and was
                                         stated as 7500 to 8000 tonnes per annum.
                                         The yield of timber for charcoal on scrub
                                         land was one cubic meter per hectare per
                                         year, four (4) cubic metres per hectare
                                         per year for rain forest, ten cubic metres
                                         per hectare per year for pioneer species
                                         per year and Leucaena fifty cubic metres
                                         per hectare per year (excerpt taken from
                                         Gustave, D 2009)
 Commercial value of NWFP                 The information was derived from the        N/A
                                         thesis of Toussaint A, 2009 and expert
                                         opinion.

                                           Other general comments to the table

                                                             37
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 N/A

                                         38
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

5. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem
services?
Documents for this question:

• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015
• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions

5.1 Categories and definitions
          Category                                                               Definition

 Protection of soil and          Forest area designated or managed for protection of soil and water
 water
 ...of which production          Forest area primarily designated or managed for water production, where most human uses are excluded
 of clean water (sub-            or heavily modified to protect water quality.
 category)
 ...of which coastal             Forest area primarily designated or managed for coastal stabilization.
 stabilization (sub-
 category)
 ...of which desertification     Forest area primarily designated or managed for desertification control.
 control (sub-category)
 ...of which avalanche           Forest area primarily designated or managed to prevent the development or impact of avalanches on
 control (sub-category)          human life assets or infrastructure.
 ...of which erosion, flood      Forest area primarily designated or managed for protecting communities or assets from the impacts of
 protection or reducing          erosion riparian floods and landslides or for providing flood plain services.
 flood risk (sub-category)
 ...of which other (sub-         Forest area primarily designated or managed for other protective functions.
 category)
 Ecosystem services,          Forest area primarily designated or managed for selected ecosystem services or cultural or spiritual
 cultural or spiritual values values.
 ...of which public              Forest area designated or managed for public recreation.
 recreation (sub-category)
 ...of which carbon storage Forest area designated or managed for carbon storage or sequestration.
 or sequestration (sub-
 category)
 ...of which spiritual or        Forest area designated or managed for spiritual or cultural services.
 cultural services (sub-
 category)
 ...of which other (sub-         Forest area designated or managed for other ecosystem services.
 category)

5.2 National data
5.2.1 Data sources

             References to sources
                                                      Variables                          Years                 Additional comments
                of information
 1       Forest, Soil and Water            N/A                              1946, 1983                      Revised in 1983
         Conservation Act, 1946

                                                                       39
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 2       N/A                              N/A                       N/A                            N/A

 3       N/A                              N/A                       N/A                            N/A

 4       N/A                              N/A                       N/A                            N/A

5.2.2 Classification and definitions

                              National class                                               Definition

 Forest Reserve                                                  Crown lands so declared under the Forest, Soil and Water
                                                                 Conservation Act, 1946
 Protected Areas                                                 Forest Reserve and private land declared under the Forest, Soil
                                                                 and Water Conservation Act, 1946; Fisheries Act, 1984; and the
                                                                 National Trust Act, 1975.
 N/A                                                             N/A

 N/A                                                             N/A

5.2.3 Original data

 Protected areas (1989)

     Protected area                             Area (1000 ha)

     The Parrot Sanctuary                       1.578

     Maria Islands Nature Reserve               0.012

     Pigeon Island National Park:               0.018

     Anse La Liberte                            0.056

     Savannes Bay Area:                         0.486

     Savannes Bay mangrove.                     0.051

     Praslin mangroves.                         0.016

     Marquis mangroves.                         0.005

                                                             40
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Marigot Bay mangroves.                          0.003

   Esperance harbour mangroves.                    0.005

   Anse Lavoutte (Cas-en-Bas)                      0.011
   mangroves.
   Bois d'Orange mangroves.                        0.003

   Anse Pointe Sable Mankote                       0.049
   mangroves.
   Fregate Island Nature Reserve.                  0

   Anse Galet                                      0.071

   Total                                           2.364

5.3 Analysis and processing of national data
5.3.1 Adjustment

5.3.2 Estimation and forecasting

5.3.3 Reclassification

5.4 Data
Table 5a
                                                                        Forest area (1000 hectares)
               Categories
                                                  1990           2000              2005               2010         2015

                       Protection of soil   7.4            7.4               7.4               9.3           9.6
                       and water
                       ... of which         N/A            N/A               N/A               N/A           N/A
                       production of
                       clean water
                       ... of which         N/A            N/A               N/A               N/A           N/A
                       coastal
                       stabilization

                                                                  41
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

                       ... of which         N/A                   N/A                 N/A                N/A                  N/A
                       desertification
                       control
                       ... of which         N/A                   N/A                 N/A                N/A                  N/A
                       avalanche
                       control
                       ... of which         N/A                   N/A                 N/A                N/A                  N/A
                       erosion, flood
                       protection or
                       reducing flood
                       risk
                       ... of which other   N/A                   N/A                 N/A                N/A                  N/A
                       (please specify
                       in comments
                       below the table)

                                                                        Other

 N/A

Table 5b
                                                                        Forest area (1000 hectares)
      Categories
                                   1990                    2000                      2005                2010                     2015

 Ecosystem services,
 cultural or spiritual
 values
 ...of which public        6.3                    6.3                          6.3               6.3                    6.3
 recreation
 ...of which               N/A                    N/A                          N/A               N/A                    N/A
 carbon storage or
 sequestration
 ...of which spiritual     N/A                    N/A                          N/A               N/A                    N/A
 or cultural services
 ...of which other         N/A                    N/A                          N/A               N/A                    N/A
 (please specify in
 comments below
 the table)

Tiers
                    Category                                Tier for reported trend                             Tier for status

 Protection of soil and water                     Tier 3                                        Tier 3

 Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual        Tier 2                                        Tier 2
 values

Tier criteria
                    Category                                      Tier for status                         Tier for reported trend

                                                                          42
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 Protection of soil and water                Tier 3: High reliability data derived either    Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated
                                             from high intensity sample survey or data       compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :
                                             obtained from national or state agencies        Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
                                             responsible for regulations or legislation      2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for
                                             relating to soil and water protection. Tier     status) Tier 1 : Other
                                             2: Approaches based on low intensity
                                             or incomplete sample-based surveys or
                                             studies that provide data for specific areas
                                             that is extrapolated through statistical
                                             analysis to national level estimates. Tier 1:
                                             Other
 •   Cultural or spiritual values            Tier 3: High reliability data derived           Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated
 •   Public recreation                       either from high intensity sample survey        compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :
 •   Spiritual or cultural services          or data obtained from national or state         Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
 •   Other                                   agencies responsible for regulations. Tier      2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for
                                             2: Approaches based on low intensity            status) Tier 1 : Other
                                             or incomplete sample-based surveys or
                                             studies that provide data for specific areas
                                             that is extrapolated through statistical
                                             analysis to national level estimates. Tier 1:
                                             Other

5.5 Comments
                                                       Comments related to
                    Category                                                                     Comments on the reported trend
                                                        data definitions etc
 Protection of soil and water                N/A                                             N/A

 Production of clean water                   N/A                                             N/A

 Coastal stabilization                       N/A                                             N/A

 Desertification control                     N/A                                             N/A

 Avalanche control                           N/A                                             N/A

 Erosion, flood protection or reducing flood N/A                                             N/A
 risk
 Other protective functions                  N/A                                             N/A

 Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritual    These include all protected areas              N/A
 values                                      including Piton Management area and the
                                             Iyanola area 2 and 4 ha respectively
 Public recreation                           N/A                                             N/A

 Carbon storage or sequestration             N/A                                             N/A

 Spiritual or cultural services              N/A                                             N/A

 Other ecosystem services                    N/A                                             N/A

                                               Other general comments to the table

                                                                  43
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

 N/A

                                         44
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

6. How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity
and how has it changed over time?
Documents for this question:

• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015
• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions

6.1 Categories and definitions
          Category                                                                Definition

 Conservation of                 Forest area designated primarily for conservation of biological diversity. Includes but is not limited to
 biodiversity                    areas designated for biodiversity conservation within the protected areas.
 Forest area within              Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the purpose for which the
 protected areas                 protected areas were established.

6.2 National data
6.2.1 Data sources

             References to sources
                                                      Variables                          Years                    Additional comments
                of information
 1       Canadian International      Land use, Land tenure                  1989                             Land use information was
         development Agency,                                                                                 obtained from 1989 French
         1992. Forest Management                                                                             satellite image (SPOT).
         And Conservation plan
         (1992-2002). Ottawa, Canada
 2       N/A                               N/A                              N/A                              N/A

 3       N/A                               N/A                              N/A                              N/A

 4       N/A                               N/A                              N/A                              N/A

6.2.2 Classification and definitions

                              National class                                                         Definition

 N/A                                                                     N/A

 N/A                                                                     N/A

 N/A                                                                     N/A

 N/A                                                                     N/A

6.2.3 Original data

 Forest Reserves (1989)

                                                                       45
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Reserve                               Area

                                         (1000 ha)

   Castries Waterworks                   1.393

   Barre-de-l’Isle North                 0.231

   Barre-de-l’Isle South                 0.724

   Central Forest A                      1.631

   Central Forest B                      1.474

   Quilesse                              1.4

   Saltibus Grand Magazin                0.107

   Addition Central Forest               0.121

   Dennery Waterworks                    0.145

   Dennery Ridge                         0.071

   Marquis Estate 1                      0.134

   Marquis Estate 2                      0.035

   Marquis Estate 3-6                    0.019

   Forestierre Blocks                    0.012

   Vie litre                             0.216

   Fond Estate                           0.315

   Total                                 8.028

 An additional 1295 hectares of land was added to the forest reserve in 2007.

 Protected areas (1989)

                                                       46
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

   Protected area                        Area (1000 ha)

   The Parrot Sanctuary                  1.578

   Maria Islands Nature Reserve          0.012

   Pigeon Island National Park:          0.018

   Anse La Liberte                       0.056

   Savannes Bay Area:                    0.486

   Savannes Bay mangrove.                0.051

   Praslin mangroves.                    0.016

   Marquis mangroves.                    0.005

   Marigot Bay mangroves.                0.003

   Esperance harbour mangroves.          0.005

   Anse Lavoutte (Cas-en-Bas)            0.011
   mangroves.
   Bois d'Orange mangroves.              0.003

   Anse Pointe Sable Mankote             0.049
   mangroves.
   Fregate Island Nature Reserve.        0

   Anse Galet                            0.071

   Total                                 2.364

6.3 Analysis and processing of national data
6.3.1 Adjustment

6.3.2 Estimation and forecasting

                                                      47
FRA 2015 – Country Report, Saint Lucia

6.3.3 Reclassification

 The protected areas are considered as designated for conservation of biodiversity and the forest reserves are
 designated for multiple use. Remaining areas are classified as no/unknown designation.

6.4 Data
Table 6
                                                                           Forest area (000 hectares)
               Categories
                                                1990               2000                2005                   2010              2015

                       Conservation of    8                  8                   8                      9.3               9.6
                       biodiversity
                       Forest area        2.4                2.4                 2.4                    2.4               2.4
                       within protected
                       areas

Tiers
                    Category                                  Tier for status                             Tier for reported trend

 Conservation of biodiversity                   Tier 2                                         Tier 2

 Forest area within protected areas             Tier 2                                         Tier 2

Tier criteria
                    Category                                  Tier for status                             Tier for reported trend

 • Conservation of biodiversity                 Tier 3: Data obtained from national or         Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeated
 • Forests within protected areas               state agencies responsible for conservation    compatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :
                                                and protected area or legislation relating     Estimate based on repeated compatible tier
                                                to area protection. Tier 2: Studies that       2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier for
                                                provide data for specific areas that is        status) Tier 1 : Other
                                                extrapolated through statistical analysis to
                                                national level estimates Tier 1 Other

6.5 Comments
                                                          Comments related to
                    Category                                                                       Comments on the reported trend
                                                           data definitions etc
 Conservation of biodiversity                   N/A                                            N/A

 Forest area within protected areas             N/A                                            N/A

                                                  Other general comments to the table

 N/A

                                                                     48
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