Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final

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Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final
Tandridge District
Council
Water Cycle Study –
Phase 1 Scoping Study

Final
May 2018

www.jbaconsulting.com

Tandridge District Council

Council Offices
Station Road East
Oxted
Surrey
RH8 0BT

2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0   i
Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final
JBA Project Manager
Alistair Clark
8a Castle Street
Wallingford
Oxfordshire
OX10 8DL

Revision history
 Revision Ref/Date                 Amendments                            Issued to
 17/04/2018 v1                     Draft Report                          Mark Bristow
 04/05/2018 v2                     Minor amendments in                   Mark Bristow
                                   response to comments from
                                   TDC.
 11/05/2018 v3                     Final Report                          Mark Bristow

Contract
This report describes work commissioned by Tandridge District Council in February 2018.
Tandridge District Council’s representative for the contract was Mark Bristow. Alistair Clark and
Richard Pardoe of JBA Consulting carried out this work.

Prepared by .................................. Richard Pardoe MSc MEng

                                            Analyst

Reviewed by .................................. Alistair Clark BSc MSc

                                            Senior Analyst

Purpose
This document has been prepared as a Final Report for Tandridge District Council. JBA
Consulting accepts no responsibility or liability for any use that is made of this document other
than by the Client for the purposes for which it was originally commissioned and prepared.
JBA Consulting has no liability regarding the use of this report except to Tandridge District
Council.

Acknowledgements
JBA Consulting would like to thank Mark Bristow of Tandridge District Council, Southern Water,
Sutton and East Surrey Water and Thames Water for their assistance in preparing this report.

Copyright
© Jeremy Benn Associates Limited 2018.

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Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final
Carbon footprint
A printed copy of the main text in this document will result in a carbon footprint of 313g if 100%
post-consumer recycled paper is used and 399g if primary-source paper is used. These figures
assume the report is printed in black and white on A4 paper and in duplex.
JBA is aiming to reduce its per capita carbon emissions.

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Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final
Executive summary
   In March 2018, JBA Consulting was commissioned by Tandridge District Council to
   undertake a Water Cycle Study (WCS). This study assesses the potential issues relating to
   future development within the Tandridge district and the impacts on water supply,
   wastewater collection and waste water treatment. The Water Cycle Study is required to
   assess the constraints and requirements that will arise from potential growth on the water
   infrastructure.
   New homes require the provision of clean water, safe disposal of wastewater and protection
   from flooding. The allocation of large numbers of new homes in certain locations may result
   in the capacity of existing available infrastructure being exceeded, a situation that could
   potentially cause service failures to water and wastewater customers, adverse impacts to
   the environment, or high costs for the upgrade of water and wastewater assets being
   passed on to the bill payers.
   In addition to increased housing demand, future climate change presents further challenges
   to pressures on the existing water infrastructure network, including increased intensive
   rainfall events and a higher frequency of drought events. Sustainable planning for water
   must now take this into account. The water cycle can be seen in the figure below, and
   shows how the natural and man-made processes and systems interact to collect, store or
   transport water in the environment.
                                     The Water Cycle

                         Source: Environment Agency – Water Cycle Study Guidance

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Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final
This study will assist the council to select and develop sustainable development allocations
   where there is minimal impact on the environment, water quality, water resources,
   infrastructure, and flood risk. This has been achieved by identifying areas where there may
   be conflict between any proposed development, the requirements of the environment and
   by recommending potential solutions to these conflicts.
   The purpose of this Phase 1 Scoping Study is to document the growth forecast, gather the
   available data and define the methodology that will be used in the Phase 2 Outline Study.
   Potential development sites were provided by Tandridge District Council and wastewater
   treatment works (WwTW) likely to serve growth in the area were identified using the
   Environment Agency Consents database. Each development site was then allocated to a
   WwTW in order to understand the additional wastewater flow resulting from the planned
   growth. Available information was collated on water policy and legislation, water resources,
   water quality, and environmental designations within the study area and used to assess the
   requirements for further study in Phase 2. Where further study is required, a proposed
   methodology is provided.

   The following assessments are required in the Outline Study:
               •    Water resources
               •    Water supply infrastructure
               •    Wastewater collection infrastructure
               •    Wastewater treatment capacity
               •    Water quality
               •    Odour from WwTW
               •    Flood risk from additional foul flow
               •    Environmental constraints

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Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final
Contents
1       Introduction                                                              1
1.1     Terms of Reference                                                        1
1.2     The Water Cycle                                                           1
1.3     Impacts of Development on the Water Cycle                                 2
1.4     Objectives                                                                2
1.5     Study Area                                                                3
1.6     Record of Engagement                                                      3
1.6.1   Introduction                                                              3
1.6.2   Scoping Study Engagement                                                  3
2       Future Growth in Tandridge                                                4
2.1     Tandridge District                                                        4
2.2     Growth in Tandridge                                                       5
2.3     Components of development forecast                                        5
2.4     Housing                                                                   5
2.4.1   Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment                         5
2.4.2   Garden village sites                                                      6
2.4.3   Commitments                                                               6
2.4.4   Windfall                                                                  7
2.4.5   Growth by parish                                                          8
2.4.6   Summary                                                                   8
2.5     Employment Land                                                           9
2.5.1   Economic Needs Assessment                                                 9
2.5.2   Employment land                                                           9
2.6     Growth in Neighbouring LPAs                                              10
2.6.1   Introduction                                                             10
2.6.2   Reigate and Banstead                                                     10
2.6.3   Crawley                                                                  10
2.6.4   Mid Sussex District Council                                              11
2.6.5   Sevenoaks District Council                                               12
3       Legislative and Policy Framework                                         13
3.1     Introduction                                                             13
3.2     National Policy                                                          13
3.2.1   National Planning Policy Framework                                       13
3.2.2   Planning Practice Guidance: Flood Risk and Coastal Change                14
3.2.3   Planning Practice Guidance: Water Supply, Wastewater and Water Quality   16
3.2.4   Planning Practice Guidance: Housing – Optional Technical Standards       17
3.2.5   Building Regulations and Code for Sustainable Homes                      17
3.2.6   BREEAM                                                                   17
3.2.7   Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)                                      18
3.3     Regional Policy                                                          19
3.3.1   Catchment Flood Management Plans                                         19
3.3.2   Surface Water Management Plans (SWMPs)                                   19
3.3.3   Water Resource Management Plans                                          20
3.4     Local Policy                                                             20
3.4.1   Localism Act                                                             20
3.4.2   Local Plan and Local Strategy                                            20
3.4.3   Infrastructure Delivery Plan                                             21

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Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final
3.5      Environmental Policy                                         21
3.5.1    Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD)                 21
3.5.2    Habitats Directive                                           21
3.5.3    The Water Framework Directive                                22
3.5.4    Protected Area Objectives                                    22
3.5.5    Groundwater Source Protection Zones                          23
3.5.6    European Derived Legislation and Brexit                      24
3.6      Water Industry Policy                                        25
3.6.1    The Water Industry in England                                25
3.6.2    Regulations of the Water Industry                            25
3.6.3    Developer Contributions and Utility Companies                25
3.6.4    Changes to Charging Rules for New Connections                26
4        Water Resources and Water Supply                             27
4.1      Introduction                                                 27
4.1.1    Surface Waters                                               27
4.1.2    Geology                                                      28
4.2      Availability of Water Resources                              30
4.2.1    Overview of Water Resource Management                        30
4.3      Resource Availability Assessment                             32
4.3.1    London ALS                                                   32
4.3.2    Medway ALS                                                   33
4.3.3    Mole ALS                                                     34
4.3.4    Darent and Cray ALS                                          34
4.3.5    Recommendations for Better Management Practices              35
4.3.6    Water Stress                                                 35
4.3.7    Water Resource Assessment: Water Resource Management Plans   35
4.3.8    Sutton and East Surrey Water Resource Zone                   35
4.3.9    Population and Household Growth                              37
4.3.10   Per-Capita Consumption                                       37
4.3.11   Supply-demand balance                                        38
4.3.12   Impact of climate change                                     38
4.3.13   SESW’s Preferred Plan                                        38
4.4      Conclusions                                                  39
4.5      Water Supply Infrastructure                                  40
4.5.1    Introduction                                                 40
4.5.2    Capacity for Growth within Tandridge                         40
4.5.3    Conclusions                                                  40
4.5.4    Proposed Methodology for Outline Study                       40
5        Wastewater collection                                        41
5.1      Sewerage Undertaker for Tandridge                            41
5.2      Sewerage System Capacity Assessment                          41
5.2.1    Combined Sewer Overflows                                     42
5.3      Conclusions                                                  42
5.4      Proposed methodology for outline study                       42
6        Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality                       43
6.1      Assessing Wastewater Flow and Water Quality                  43
6.1      Wastewater Treatment Flow Permit Assessment                  43
6.1.1    Introduction                                                 43
6.2      Identification of WwTWs                                      44
6.3      Water framework directive                                    47
6.4      Conclusions                                                  48

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Tandridge District Council Water Cycle Study - Phase 1 Scoping Study - Final
6.5     Proposed methodology for Outline Study                               48
6.5.1   Data Requirements                                                    48
6.5.2   Flow permit assessment                                               48
6.5.3   Water quality assessment                                             49
7       Flood Risk Management                                                51
7.1     Assessment of Additional Flood Risk from Increased WwTW Discharges   51
7.2     Proposed methodology for outline study                               51
8       Odour Assessment                                                     52
8.1     Introduction                                                         52
8.2     High Level odour assessment                                          52
8.3     Conclusions                                                          53
8.4     Proposed methodology for outline study                               53
9       Environmental Opportunities and Constraints                          54
9.1     Sites with Environmental Designation                                 54
9.2     Conclusions                                                          60
9.3     Recommendations for outline study                                    60
10      Phase 2 - Outline Study                                              61
10.1    Requirements for outline study                                       61
10.2    Impact of climate change                                             62

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List of Figures
Figure 1.1 The Water Cycle                                                             2
Figure 2.1 Map of the water cycle study area and potential development sites           4
Figure 3.1 Flood Risk and the Preparation of Local Plans                              15
Figure 3.2 PPG: Water supply, wastewater and water quality considerations for plan-
making and planning applications                                                      16
Figure 4.1 Watercourses within the study area                                         27
Figure 4.2 Bedrock geology of Tandridge                                               29
Figure 4.3 Superficial geology of Tandridge                                           30
Figure 4.4 Abstraction Licencing Strategy areas                                       31
Figure 4.5 Sutton and East Surrey Water Resource Zone                                 36
Figure 6.1 Overview of typical combined sewerage system and WwTW discharges           44
Figure 6.2 Location of Wastewater treatment works within or close to the Tandridge
boundary                                                                              45
Figure 6.3 WFD status of receiving waterbodies                                        47
Figure 8.1 Zones with potential to be affected by odour from WwTW                     52
Figure 9.1 Sites with environmental designations                                      54
Figure 9.2 Impact Risk Zones for residential developments                             56
Figure 9.3 Impact Risk Zones for rural residential development                        57
Figure 9.4 Impact Risk Zones for non-residential development                          58
Figure 9.5 Impact Risk Zones for discharge of water or liquid waste                   59

List of Tables
Table 2.1 Indicative figures for housing and employment in garden village sites       6
Table 2.2 Historic windfall sites within TDC                                          7
Table 2.3 Allocation of windfall by WwTW                                              7
Table 2.4 Housing units by parish                                                     8
Table 2.5 Summary of housing development                                              8
Table 2.6 Indicative number of employees by parish                                    9
Table 2.7 Summary of growth in Reigate and Banstead Borough that could affect shared
infrastructure with Tandridge                                                        10
Table 2.8 Summary of growth in Crawley Borough that could affect shared
infrastructure with Tandridge                                                        11
Table 2.9 Summary of growth in Crawley Borough that could affect shared
infrastructure with Tandridge                                                        12
Table 2.10 Summary of growth in Crawley Borough that could affect shared
infrastructure with Tandridge                                                        12
Table 3.1 BREEAM credits for percentage improvement over baseline water
consumption                                                                          18
Table 4.1: Implications of Surface Water Resource Availability Colours               32
Table 4.2 Summary of resource availability in Medway CAMS area                       33
Table 4.3 Summary of resource availability in Mole CAMS area                         34
Table 4.4 Summary of growth forecasts                                                37
Table 4.5 SESW's preferred plan                                                      38
Table 6.1 Indicative growth served by each WwTW (Realistic scenario)                 46
Table 6.2 Data required for WwTW flow and water quality assessments                  48
Table 9.1 Sites within an impact risk zone for residential development               55
Table 9.2 Development sites within impact risk zones for non-residential development 58
Table 10.1 Summary out requirements for outline study                                61
Table 10.2 Climate change pressures scoring matrix                                   62

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Abbreviations
ALS                 Abstraction Licensing Strategy
AMP                 Asset Management Plan
AMR                 Automatic Meter Reading
AONB                Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
AP                  Assessment Point
ASNW                Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland
BERR                Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
BIDS                Business, Industrial, Distribution and Storage
BOD                 Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BREEAM              Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment
                    Methodology
CAMS                Catchment Abstraction Management Strategies
CAPEX               Capital Expenditure
CED                 Common End Date
CFMP                Catchment Flood Management Plan
CfSH                Code for Sustainable Homes
CLP                 Comprehensive Local Plan
CSO                 Combined Sewer Overflow
DCLG                Department of Communities and Local Government
DWF                 Dry Weather Flow
DWI                 Drinking Water Inspectorate
DYAA                Dry Year Annual Average
DYCP                Dry Year Critical Period
EA                  Environment Agency
EC                  European Community
ECA                 European Communities Act
EDNA                Economic Development Needs Assessment
EFI                 Ecological Flow Indicator
EP                  Environmental Permit
EU                  European Union
FEH                 Flood Estimation Handbook
FFT                 Flow to Full Treatment
FWMA                Flood and Water Management Act
FZ                  Flood Zone
GES                 Good Ecological Status
GIS                 Geographic Information Systems
HOF                 Hands-Off Flow
HOL                 Hands-off Level
IDB                 Internal Drainage Board
IDP                 Infrastructure Delivery Plan
JBA                 Jeremy Benn Associates
LLFA                Lead Local Flood Authority
LPA                 Local Planning Authority

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l/p/d               Litres per person per day
Ml/d                Mega (Million) litres per day
NE                  Natural England
NH4                 Ammonia
NPPF                National Planning Policy Framework
NYAA                Normal Year Average Annual
OAN                 Objectively Assessed Need
OfWAT               Water Service Regulation Authority
ONS                 Office of National Statistics
OPEX                Operational Expenditure
OS                  Ordnance Survey
P                   Phosphorous
PDL                 Previously Developed Land
PE                  Population Equivalent
p/h                 Person per house
PPS                 Planning Policy Statement
RAG                 Red / Amber / Green assessment
RBD                 River Basin District
RBMP                River Basin Management Plan
ReFH                Revitalised Flood Hydrograph
RNAG                Reason for Not Achieving Good (Status)
RQP                 River Quality Planning tool
RZ                  Resource Zone
SA                  Sustainability Appraisals
SAC                 Special Area of Conservation
SBP                 Strategic Business Plan
SEA                 Strategic Environmental Assessment
SEPA                Scottish Environmental Protection Agency
SESW                Sutton and East Surrey Water
SFRA                Strategic Flood Risk Assessment
SHELAA              Strategic Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment
SHMA                Strategic Housing Market Assessment
SPA                 Special Protection Area
SPD                 Supplementary Planning Document
SPZ                 Source Protection Zone
SS                  Suspended Solids
SSSI                Site of Special Scientific Interest
SU                  Sewerage Undertaker
SW                  Southern Water
SuDS                Sustainable Drainage Systems
SWMP                Surface Water Management Plan
TCAMS               Thames Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy
TDC                 Tandridge District Council
TW                  Thames Water

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uFMfSW              Updated Flood Map for Surface Water
UWWTD               Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive
WaSC                Water and Sewerage Company
WCS                 Water Cycle Study
WFD                 Water Framework Directive
WRC                 Water Recycling Centre
WRMP                Water Resource Management Plan
WRZ                 Water Resource Zone
WQA                 Water Quality Assessment
WSZ                 Water Supply Zone
WTW                 Water Treatment Works
WwTW                Wastewater Treatment Works

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1 Introduction

1.1   Terms of Reference
      JBA Consulting was commissioned by Tandridge District Council to undertake a Water Cycle
      Study (WCS) for Tandridge district to inform the Local Plan. The purpose of the WCS along
      with the Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) is to form part of a comprehensive and
      robust evidence base for the Local Plan which will set out a vision and framework for
      development in the area up to 2033 and will be used to inform decisions on the location of
      future development.
      Unmitigated future development and climate change can adversely affect the environment
      and water infrastructure capability. A WCS will provide the required evidence, together
      with an agreed strategy to ensure that planned growth occurs within environmental
      constraints, with the appropriate infrastructure in place in a timely manner so that planned
      allocations are deliverable.

1.2   The Water Cycle
      National Planning Policy Framework Practice Guidance on Water Supply, Wastewater and
      Water Quality1 describes a water cycle study as:
      "a voluntary study that helps organisations work together to plan for sustainable growth. It uses water
      and planning evidence and the expertise of partners to understand environmental and infrastructure
      capacity. It can identify joined up and cost-effective solutions, that are resilient to climate change for the
      lifetime of the development.
      The study provides evidence for Local Plans and sustainability appraisals and is ideally done at an early
      stage of plan-making. Local authorities (or groups of local authorities) usually lead water cycle studies,
      as a chief aim is to provide evidence for sound Local Plans but other partners often include the
      Environment Agency and water companies."
      The Environment Agency's guidance on WCS 2 recommends a phased approach:
            •    Phase 1: Scoping study, focussing on formation of a steering group, identifying
                 issues for consideration and the need for an outline study.
            •    Phase 2: Outline study, to identify environmental constraints, infrastructure
                 constraints, a sustainability assessment and consideration of whether a detailed
                 study is required.
            •    Phase 3: Detailed study, to identify infrastructure requirements, when they are
                 required, how they will be funded and implemented and an overall assessment of
                 the sustainability of proposed infrastructure.

      Figure 1.1 below shows the main elements that compromise the Water Cycle and shows
      how the natural and man-made processes and systems interact to collect, store or transport
      water in the environment.

 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 1 Planning Practice Guidance: Water supply, wastewater and water quality, Department for Communities and Local Government (2014).
 Accessed online at: http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk/blog/guidance/ on: 09/03/2018
 2 Water Cycle Study Guidance, Environment Agency (2009). Accessed online at:
 http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140328084622/http://cdn.environment-agency.gov.uk/geho0109bpff-e-e.pdf on:
 09/03/2018
 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                                                     1
Figure 1.1 The Water Cycle

1.3   Impacts of Development on the Water Cycle
      New homes require the provision of clean water, safe disposal of wastewater and protection
      from flooding. It is possible that allocating large numbers of new homes at some locations
      may result in the capacity of the existing available infrastructure being exceeded. This
      situation could potentially lead to service failures to water and wastewater customers, have
      adverse impacts on the environment or cause the high cost of upgrading water and
      wastewater assets being passed on to bill payers. Climate change presents further
      challenges such as increased intensity and frequency of rainfall and a higher frequency of
      drought events that can be expected to put greater pressure on the existing infrastructure.

1.4   Objectives
      As a WCS is not a statutory instrument, Local Planning Authorities are advised to prioritise
      the different stages of the WCS to integrate with their Local Plan programme. This scoping
      report is written as an interim report to support the development of the Comprehensive
      Local Plan (CLP) and to identify whether an outline / detailed WCS is required. Specific
      requirements, specified by the project brief, were to:
          •   Provide a scoping report, taking into account guidance in the NPPF, NPPG, The
              Water Framework Directive, The Thames River Basin Management Plan and the
              EA Water Cycle Study Requirements and Guidance – Thames Area (September
              2016);
          •   Produce an effective water cycle study in the context of the scoping stage so that:
              o    New development takes place only within environmental constraints;
              o    New development occurs in the most sustainable location, in relation to the
                   water environment;
              o    Water cycle infrastructure is in place before new development is occupied
                   and;
              o    Opportunities for more sustainable infrastructure options are realised.
          •   Quantify growth within the study area
          •   Include the outcomes of stakeholder engagement within the scoping study;
          •   Gather, assess and use existing data and evidence available, in order to prepare
              the scoping report and address specific questions;
          •   Determine any gaps in knowledge/evidence;

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•     Identify any environmental and major infrastructure constraints;
          •     Where relevant, cross reference with the replacement Strategic Flood Risk
                Assessment currently being prepared and its outcomes;
          •     Identification of the issues and questions to be considered with regards to water
                resources and water quality;
          •     Establish whether an outline study is required and define its required scope.

1.5   Study Area
      This WCS scoping report has been written for Tandridge District Council. This Local
      Authority area covers 248km2 and includes the towns of Caterham, Godstone, Lingfield,
      and Oxted and has a population of approximately 87,000.
      The area is located within the River Mole, and River Medway catchments to the west and
      east respectively. The area north of the North Downs is in the catchment of the Caterham
      Bourne.
      Water supply services for Tandridge are provided by Sutton and East Surrey Water, and
      wastewater serves are split between Thames Water and Southern Water.

1.6   Record of Engagement

1.6.1 Introduction
      Preparation of a WCS requires significant engagement with stakeholders, both within the
      Local Planning Authority, with water and wastewater utilities, with the Environment Agency,
      and where there may be cross-boundary issues, with neighbouring local authorities. This
      section forms a record of engagement for the WCS.

1.6.2 Scoping Study Engagement
      The preparation of the scoping study was supported by the following engagement:
      Water company conference call
              Engaged           TDC
              Parties           Southern Water
                                Sutton and East Surrey Water
                                Thames Water
              Details           Scope of works and data collection requirements reviewed.

      Neighbouring authorities
              Engaged           TDC
              Parties           Crawley Borough Council
                                Mid Sussex District Council
                                Reigate and Banstead Borough Council
                                Sevenoaks District Council
              Details           Request for water cycle studies conducted in their area,
                                and housing growth that would be served by WwTW within
                                or shared with TDC.
      Croydon Borough Council and Bromley Borough Council were not engaged as part of the
      phase 1 scoping study. Growth from these areas is served either by infrastructure not
      shared with Tandridge, or by Beddington WwTW. In the case of Beddington WwTW, this
      works takes waste water from a large number of LPAs and an assessment of all growth that
      might be served by Beddington is outside of the scope of this WCS.

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2 Future Growth in Tandridge

2.1   Tandridge District
      Figure 2.1 shows the location of potential development sites within the TDC boundary.

          Figure 2.1 Map of the water cycle study area and potential development sites

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2.2   Growth in Tandridge
      The Strategic Housing Market Assessment (SHMA)3 carried out in 2015 provided a detailed
      analysis of population demographics and the housing market within Tandridge and resulted
      in the definition of the Objectively Assessed Need (OAN)4 for the district.
      This assessment was based on the Department for Communities and Local Government
      (DCLG) 2012-based household projections, updated with the 2014 mid-year estimates
      released in June 2015 and the international migration statistics for the year up to March
      2015.
      The conclusion of the assessment was that a total of 9,440 houses were required during
      the plan period (2013-2033) or an average of 470 / year.

2.3   Components of development forecast
      For the purpose of the assessments within the WCS, a baseline growth forecast is defined
      for development in Tandridge over the Local Plan period. This forecast is made up of the
      following components:
            •    Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment (HELAA)
            •    Garden village sites
            •    Commitments (development sites already in the planning system, but not yet
                 built)
            •    Windfall
            •    Development from outside the Tandridge boundary, but served by infrastructure
                 within or shared with Tandridge (this forecast has not yet been received from
                 neighbouring LPAs so is not included in this report, however this will be
                 documented in the Phase 1 report and included in future assessments)
      These have been collated into an overall forecast summarised in Table 2.5 below.

2.4   Housing

2.4.1 Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment
      The Tandridge District Council Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment
      (HELAA)5 is an important piece of evidence in preparing local plans and identifies possible
      sites for future housing and economic development. It also contains an assessment of
      development potential, suitability, likelihood and timing of development. It does not
      determine whether a site should be allocated; this decision remains part of the local
      planning process.
      The sites identified in the HELAA were filtered by TDC and list of preferred options were
      provided for analysis in this water cycle study. For the purpose of this study, all of these
      sites are assumed to be adopted in the Local Plan.
      The following assumptions taken from the HELAA document were applied to the list of sites
      in order to create a notional housing trajectory:
            •    A site accommodating up to 20 dwellings would take a year to build out;

 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 3 Strategic Housing Market Assessment, TDC (2015). Accessed online at:
 https://www.tandridge.gov.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Planning%20and%20building/Planning%20strategies%20and%2
 0policies/Local%20plan/Evidence%20base%20and%20technical%20studies/Strategic-Housing-Market-Assessment-
 2015-Front-Page.pdf on: 26/02/2018
 4 The Objectively Assessed Housing Needs of Tandridge, NMSS (2015). Accessed online at:
 https://www.tandridge.gov.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Planning%20and%20building/Planning%20strategies%20and%2
 0policies/Local%20plan/Evidence%20base%20and%20technical%20studies/Strategic-Housing-Market-Assessment-
 2015-Tandridge-Objectively.pdf on: 26/02/2018
 5 The HELAA is an evolving document containing a number of appendices. The latest version can be found on the TDC website:
 https://www.tandridge.gov.uk/Planning-and-building/Planning-strategies-and-policies/Local-Plan-2033-emerging-
 planning-policies/Local-Plan-2033/Evidence-base-and-technical-studies Accessed online on: 27/02/2018
 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                                               5
•    A site accommodating between 21 and 60 dwellings would take 2 years to build
                out;
           •    A site accommodating between 61 and 99 dwellings would take 3 years to build
                out;
           •    A site accommodating between 100 and 399 dwellings would be built out at a rate
                of 65 dwellings per year (assumes a single developer);
           •    A site accommodating between 400 and 999 dwellings would be built out at a rate
                of 130 dwellings per year (assumes 2 developers); and
           •    A site accommodating 1000 or more dwellings would be built out at a rate of 200
                dwellings per year (assumes 3 developers).
           •    Completions on sites assessed as being developable would begin in the
                2021/2022 monitoring year
      At the time of writing and for the purpose of this study, development in the garden village
      sites is assumed to be spread over the local plan period, commencing in 2025/26.

2.4.2 Garden village sites
      The Spatial Approaches Topic Paper (2015)6 presented the concept of a new or extended
      settlement as a route to deliver the growth required within the district. Three broad
      locations are considered within the WCS:
           •    Redhill Aerodrome
           •    South Godstone
           •    Blindley Heath
      In the phase 2 outline study, two scenarios will be tested, the first where one garden village
      site is adopted, South Godstone has been chosen for this purpose. The second tests the
      unlikely event of the Council being expected to provide three garden village sites
      representing the most extreme case for water demand.
           Table 2.1 Indicative figures for housing and employment in garden village sites

                         Broad Location               Housing            Employment (no.
                                                       units              of employees)
                        Redhill Aerodrome                7000                     2822
                          South Godstone                 4000                     2615
                           Blindley Heath                3000                     2619

      Consideration of these broad locations is at a very early stage; the estimates of housing
      units and employment land are indicative only. It is therefore prudent to consider the effect
      on water infrastructure if the size of the development was increased, or the mix of housing
      and employment land was changed such that the water demand increased. A further
      scenario will therefore be considered in the outline study where the garden village site water
      and wastewater demand are increased by 10%.

2.4.3 Commitments
      TDC provided details of committed sites within their district. These are sites that are
      currently in the planning system so do not appear within the HELAA but have not yet been
      completed so are not taken into account in the current water demand.

 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 6 Spatial Approaches Topic Paper, TDC (2015). Accessed online at:
 https://www.tandridge.gov.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Planning%20and%20building/Planning%20strategies%20and%20policies/Local%
 20plan/Evidence%20base%20and%20technical%20studies/Spatial-Approaches-Topic-Paper.pdf on: 27/02/2018
 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                                             6
On the Site Tracker spreadsheet, they have each been allocated to a WwTW based on their
      location and proximity to existing housing.

2.4.4 Windfall
      Windfall sites are sites that have not been specifically identified in the Local Plan. They
      normally comprise previously developed sites that have unexpectedly become available.
      The council proposes to only include windfall allowance for sites capable of accommodating
      less than 5 net dwellings on the assumption that larger developments will be identified
      through the HELAA process.
            Table 2.2 Historic windfall sites within TDC

                                                                                                         Total Small Site
                                                                        Total Small Site
                                                                                                             Windfall
                                        Total Small Site                   Windfall
                                                                                                          Completions
                  Year                     Windfall                     Completions on
                                                                                                            Excluding
                                         Completions                      Residential
                                                                                                           Residential
                                                                         Garden Land
                                                                                                          Garden Land
              2006/2007                           53                               19                              34
              2007/2008                           51                               26                              25
              2008/2009                           40                               17                              23
              2009/2010                           46                               21                              25
              2010/2011                           37                               16                              21
              2011/2012                           39                               12                              27
              2012/2013                           64                               31                              33
              2013/2014                           82                               41                              41
              2014/2015                           38                               20                              18
              2015/2016                           66                               33                              33
                Average                          51.6                            23.6                             28.0
 Source: Tandridge District Council (2016) Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment, October 2016. Updated with 2016/2017
 Data.
      The council have decided to exclude the residential garden land development from the
      overall windfall allowance. The figure used throughout the rest of this study will therefore
      be 27 dwellings per year.
      This will be allocated to wastewater treatment works (Table 2.3) within Tandridge based on
      the percentage of growth within each catchment from other sources (HELAA and
      Commitments).
                                           Table 2.3 Allocation of windfall by WwTW

                                       Wastewater                         % of Windfall
                                     Treatment Works
                                  Beddington STW                                 60%
                                  Burstow STW                                    11%
                                  Earlswood                                       2%
                                  (Reigate) STW
                                  Godstone STW                                    8%
                                  Lingfield STW                                   4%
                                  Oxted and                                      15%
                                  Limpsfield STW

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2.4.5 Growth by parish
      Table 2.4 shows the allocation of homes by parish. These figures assume that every
      identified site is allocated in the Local Plan and represents the most extreme case.
                                                   Table 2.4 Housing units by parish

                                                  Parish                      Housing Units
                                     Bletchingley                                        7
                                     Burstow                                           339
                                     Caterham-on-the-Hill                              320
                                     Caterham Valley                                   465
                                     Chaldon                                             1
                                     Crowhurst                                          12
                                     Dormansland                                        12
                                     Felbridge                                           8
                                     Godstone*                                        7221
                                     Horne                                               5
                                     Limpsfield                                         24
                                     Lingfield                                          98
                                     Nutfield**                                       7021
                                     Oxted                                             403
                                     Tatsfield                                           9
                                     Titsey                                              -
                                     Warlingham                                        536
                                     Whyteleafe                                        391
                                     Woldingham                                         17
                                     Windfall                                          504
                                     Total                                           17425
 *Assumes both South Godstone (4000 homes) and Blindley Heath (3000 homes) garden village sites adopted
 **Assumes Redhill Aerodrome garden village site adopted (7000 homes of which approximately 4,000 would be within Tandridge District)

2.4.6 Summary
      Table 2.5 summarises the development within Tandridge. The most realistic scenario
      includes just one garden village site (South Godstone has been chosen for this analysis).
                                           Table 2.5 Summary of housing development

                                                           Housing units (All                     Housing units
                                                                sites)                          (Realistic scenario)
         Completions 2013 to 2017                                    1,518                                  1,518

         Commitments 2017/2018                                       1,115                                  1,115

         HELAA                                                       1,806                                  1,806

         Garden Village *                                           14,000                                  4,000

         Windfall 2013-2033                                            540                                   540

         Total                                                      18,979                                  8,979
         Objectively Assessed Need                                   9,400                                  9,400
 *A proportion of development within the garden village site will come forward outside of the local plan period. The full development will
 be considered within this WCS.

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2.5   Employment Land

2.5.1 Economic Needs Assessment
      The Economic Needs Assessment 7 for Tandridge was updated in November 2017 and
      summarises the forecast economic growth in the district and its resultant requirement for
      land.
      Two scenarios were presented, a baseline scenario based on the econometric forecast from
      Experian (Dated March 2017), and growth scenario based on the baseline plus a part return
      to the historic trend, business surveys and the SEP aspirations. These two scenarios
      estimate the employment land requirement as:
          Baseline scenario – 15.3 ha
          Growth scenario – 22.5 ha

2.5.2 Employment land
      Table 2.6 summarises the employment forecast by parish and includes employment from
      all three garden village sites. The number of employees is indicative only, based on the
      proposed land use.
                                   Table 2.6 Indicative number of employees by parish

                                     Parish                           Indicative number of
                                                                           employees
                       Bletchingley                                                  -
                       Burstow                                                     103
                       Caterham-on-the-Hill                                         40
                       Caterham Valley                                             279
                       Chaldon                                                       -
                       Crowhurst                                                    2
                       Dormansland                                                 156
                       Felbridge                                                   790
                       Godstone*                                                  5448
                       Horne                                                        76
                       Limpsfield                                                  551
                       Lingfield                                                    19
                       Nutfield**                                                 2869
                       Oxted                                                       126
                       Tatsfield                                                    14
                       Titsey                                                       2
                       Warlingham                                                   4
                       Whyteleafe                                                   24
                       Woldingham                                                    -
                       Windfall                                                      -
                       Oxted and Limpsfield STW                                  10503
 *Assumes both South Godstone (2816 employees) and Blindley Heath (2619 employees) garden village sites adopted
 **Assumes Redhill Aerodrome site adopted (2822 employees)

 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 7Tandridge Economic Needs Assessment Update, TDC (2017). Accessed online at:
 https://www.tandridge.gov.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Planning%20and%20building/Planning%20strategies%20and%2
 0policies/Local%20plan/Local%20plan%202033/Technical%20Assessment%20documents%20published%20in%2020
 17/Tandridge-Economic-Needs-Assessment-Update-Nov17.pdf on: 27/02/2018
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2.6   Growth in Neighbouring LPAs

2.6.1 Introduction
      Neighbouring authorities were approached under a duty to cooperate request to understand
      how growth in neighbouring authorities may impact water infrastructure within or shared
      with Tandridge. This allows the full picture of growth to be taken into account when carrying
      out flow capacity and water quality assessments.
      Each council was asked for the following information:
            •    Has a water cycle study been completed for your area? If yes, can you provide a
                 link?
            •    The latest forecast (housing and employment) for your district for the period up to
                 2033.
            •    Details of future growth within catchments of the WwTW which serve part of your
                 council area and Tandridge.
      A table was provided for each council to complete, listing the WwTW that may be shared
      with their area. It was decided not to contact Croydon Borough Council. The only shared
      infrastructure is Beddington WwTW which is a very large works covering multiple
      authorities. The proportion of growth from Tandridge is likely to be very small and so it is
      not proposed that this WwTW is assessed as part of this study.

2.6.2 Reigate and Banstead
      The Borough of Reigate and Banstead borders Tandridge to the west. A high-level water
      cycle study was undertaken for the Gatwick area in 20118, and included part of Reigate and
      Banstead. The council reported housing growth in their area of 5,654 units up to 2033, and
      employment growth of 224,000m2 (which includes their proposed Horley strategic
      employment site, HOR9).
            Table 2.7 Summary of growth in Reigate and Banstead Borough that could affect
            shared infrastructure with Tandridge

                WwTW                 Housing Units                    Employment (m2)
                                Committed          Allocated        Committed          Allocated
                Reigate              289             1,107            -10,108            8,000
                 STW
                Merstham              48               215              -760                0
                  STW

      Committed employment figures are provided as net, taking into account the loss of
      commercial space due to a change use to residential.

2.6.3 Crawley
      Crawley Borough shares a border with south west Tandridge and were also part of the
      Gatwick WCS mentioned above. Entec were commissioned to prepare a Crawley specific
      WCS9 to inform the (now adopted) Local Plan.
      The objectively Assessed Housing Need for Crawley over the plan period 2015-2030 is
      10,125 dwellings. As a result of Crawley’s constrained land supply position, the Local Plan
      takes a supply-led approach, making provision for a minimum of 5,100 net dwellings over
      the plan period to 2030 (Local Plan Policy H1).

 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 8 Gatwick Sub Region Outline Water Cycle Study, Entec (2011). Accessed online at:
 http://www.reigate-banstead.gov.uk/info/20088/planning_policy/22/evidence_and_research_for_planning_policies/6 on: 13/04/2018
 9 Crawley Borough Council Water Cycle Study Update and Review of Policy Implications, Amec (2013). Accessed online at:
 http://www.crawley.gov.uk/pw/web/pub206690 on: 13/04/2018
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For employment, the Crawley Borough Local Plan identifies a total need for 57.9 hectares
     of business land over the plan period to 2030. This equates to a total business floorspace
     of 287,190m2. As for housing, a supply-led approach has been taken, identifying
     opportunities for approximately 23 hectares of business land (114,072m 2). The local plan
     does not allocate any new employment land, though identifies the existing main
     employment areas as a focus for economic growth. There remains an unmet need of 35
     hectares.
     For retail, the supporting text (5.64) to Local Plan Policy EC7 identifies capacity for up to
     26,650m2 of comparison retail floorspace. There is a current over-supply of convenience
     retail floorspace, so no figure is provided within the Local Plan. The Local Plan does not
     specifically allocate land to accommodate new retail floorspace, instead directing this to the
     most sequentially-preferable sites.
         Table 2.8 Summary of growth in Crawley Borough that could affect shared
         infrastructure with Tandridge

        WwTW            Housing Units             Employment (m2)                    Notes
                    Committed      Allocated    Committed      Allocated
        Burstow         NA            N/A           N/A           N/A       The majority of Crawley
                                                                            is serviced by Crawley
                                                                            WwTW, with a small area
                                                                            in the north (parts of
                                                                            Gatwick Airport) served
                                                                            by Horley WwTW. Land
                                                                            served by Burstow
                                                                            WwTW falls outside of
                                                                            Crawley’s administrative
                                                                            boundary (please see
                                                                            p19-22 of the 2013 WCS
                                                                            update)
        Crawley        3379          1237        112,131           0        *This comprises active
                                                   m2*                      permissions for B-class
                                                                            business floorspace and
                                                                            development that has
                                                                            commenced on site and
                                                                            currently being built out.
                                                                            Please also note that as
                                                                            a result of office to
                                                                            residential conversions
                                                                            falling under the
                                                                            ‘committed’ heading,
                                                                            there is anticipated to be
                                                                            a corresponding loss of
                                                                            some 25,961sqm
                                                                            business floorspace. The
                                                                            figure in the ‘committed’
                                                                            column does not factor in
                                                                            this loss, and it would
                                                                            need to be subtracted
                                                                            manually should you
                                                                            wish to factor in
                                                                            floorspace lost.

2.6.4 Mid Sussex District Council
     Mid Sussex shares Tandridge’s southern border and were also included in the Gatwick WCS.
     They have stated their minimum housing requirement for 2014-2031 as 16,390. The
     average number of houses provided for over the whole plan period is 964 per annum. The

 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                         11
plan also makes provision for 25ha of employment land around Burgess Hill; this is based
     on an estimated job growth of 543 jobs per year over the plan period.
         Table 2.9 Summary of growth in Crawley Borough that could affect shared
         infrastructure with Tandridge

       WwTW            Housing Units            Employment (m2)                 Notes
                    Committed    Allocated     Committed    Allocated
       Felbridge       63            0            0             0        Planning permission
                                                                         for 1 site of 61
                                                                         (gross) and 2 small
                                                                         sites.
       Crawley        1269           44        17,259m2         0        Planning permission
                                                                         for 600 units at
                                                                         Pease Pottage (also
                                                                         allocated in District
                                                                         Plan). Of which 350
                                                                         will be delivered in
                                                                         the next five years.
                                                                         Planning permission
                                                                         for 544 at A264
                                                                         Copthorne.

2.6.5 Sevenoaks District Council
     Sevenoaks shares Tandridge’s eastern border.
     A need of 11.6ha of employment space is stated, and they are still determining how this
     will be distributed across the district. An update to their Strategic Housing and Economic
     Land Availability Assessment (SHELAA) is being published alongside their draft Local Plan
     consultation in summer 2018. No water cycle study has been conducted for this area.
         Table 2.10 Summary of growth in Crawley Borough that could affect shared
         infrastructure with Tandridge

        WwTW            Housing Units            Employment (m2)                 Notes
                     Committed     Allocated    Committed    Allocated
       Edenbridge       387              0            0             0
         Oxted           0               0            0             0
        Lingfield        0               0            0             0

 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                          12
3 Legislative and Policy Framework

3.1   Introduction
      The following sections introduce several national, regional and local policies that must be
      considered by the LPAs, water companies and developers during the planning stage. Key
      extracts from these policies relating to water consumption targets and mitigating the
      impacts on the water from the new development are summarised below.

3.2   National Policy

3.2.1 National Planning Policy Framework
      The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 10 was published on 27th March 2012, as
      part of reforms to make the planning system less complex and more accessible, to protect
      the environment and to promote sustainable growth. The NPPF provides guidance to
      planning authorities to take account of flood risk and water and wastewater infrastructure
      delivery in their Local Plans.
      Paragraph 94:
         “Local planning authorities should adopt proactive strategies to mitigate and
        adapt to climate change, taking full account of flood risk, coastal change and
        water supply and demand considerations”

      Paragraph 99:

        “Local Plans should take account of climate change over the longer term,
        including factors such as flood risk, coastal change, water supply and changes to
        biodiversity and landscape. New development should be planned to avoid
        increased vulnerability to the range of impacts arising from climate change.
        When new development is brought forward in areas which are vulnerable, care
        should be taken to ensure that risks can be managed through suitable
        adaptation measures, including through the planning of green infrastructure.”

      Paragraph 100 states:

        “Local Plans should be supported by a strategic flood risk assessment and
        develop policies to manage flood risk from all sources, taking account of advice
        from the Environment Agency and other relevant flood risk management bodies,
        such as Lead Local Flood Authorities and Internal Drainage Boards. Local Plans
        should apply a sequential, risk-based approach to the location of development to
        avoid, where possible, flood risk to people and property and manage any
        residual risk, taking account of the impacts of climate change”.

      Paragraph 156 states
        “Local planning authorities should set out the strategic priorities for the area in
        the Local Plan. This should include strategic policies to deliver...the provision of
        infrastructure for transport, telecommunications, waste management, water
        supply, wastewater, flood risk and coastal changes management, and the
        provision of minerals and energy”.

      In March 2014, the Planning Practice Guidance was issued by the Department for
      Communities and Local Government, with the intention of providing guidance on the
      application of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in England. Of relevance to
      this study;

 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 10 National Planning Policy Framework, Department for Communities and Local Government (2012)

 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                          13
•    Flood Risk and Coastal Change11
            •    Water Supply, Wastewater and Water Quality12.
            •    Housing - Optional Technical Standards13.

3.2.2 Planning Practice Guidance: Flood Risk and Coastal Change
      Diagram 1 in the Planning Practice Guidance sets out how flood risk should be considered
      in the preparation of Local Plans (Figure 3.1). These requirements are addressed principally
      in the Council’s Strategic Flood Risk Assessment.

 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 11 Planning Practice Guidance: Flood Risk and Coastal Change, Department for Communities and Local Government (2014). Accessed
 online at: http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk/blog/guidance/flood-risk-and-coastal-change/ on: 09/03/2018.
 12 Planning Practice Guidance: Water supply, wastewater and water quality, Department for Communities and Local Government (2014).
 Accessed online at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/water-supply-wastewater-and-water-quality on: 09/03/2018
 13 Planning Practice Guidance: Housing - Optional Technical Standards, Department for Communities and Local Government (2014).
 Accessed online at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/housing-optional-technical-standards on: 09/03/2018

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Figure 3.1 Flood Risk and the Preparation of Local Plans14

—————————————————————————————————————————————
14
  Based on Diagram 1 of NPPF Planning Practice Guidance: Flood Risk and Coastal Change (paragraph 004, Reference ID: 7-021-
20140306
2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                                                15
3.2.3 Planning Practice Guidance: Water Supply, Wastewater and Water Quality
              A summary of the specific guidance on how infrastructure, water supply, wastewater and
              water quality considerations should be accounted for in both plan-making and planning
              applications is summarised below in Figure 3.2.

                                 Plan-making                                          Planning applications
                        Identification of suitable sites for new or
                        enhanced infrastructure.                        Wastewater considerations include:
      Infrastructure

                        Consider whether new development is             First presumption is to provide a system of foul
                        appropriate near to water and wastewater        drainage discharging into a public sewer.
                        infrastructure.                                 Phasing of development and infrastructure.
                        Phasing new development so that water           Circumstances where package sewage treatment
                        and wastewater infrastructure will be in        plants or septic tanks are applicable.
                        place when needed.

                                                                        Planning for the necessary water supply would
      Water supply

                                                                        normally be addressed through the Local Plan,
                                                                        exceptions might include:
                        Not Specified
                                                                        Large developments not identified in Local Plans;
                                                                        Where a Local Plan requires enhanced water
                                                                        efficiency in new developments.

                        How to help protect and enhance local
                        surface water and groundwater in ways           Water quality is only likely to be a significant
                        that allow new development to proceed           planning concern when a proposal would:
      Water quality

                        and avoids costly assessment at the             Involve physical modifications to a water body;
                        planning application stage.                     Indirectly affect water bodies, for example as a
                        The type or location of new development         result of new development such as the
                        where an assessment of the potential            redevelopment of land that may be affected by
                        impacts on water bodies may be required.        contamination etc. or through a lack of adequate
                        Expectations relating to sustainable            infrastructure to deal with wastewater.
                        drainage systems.
      Wastewater

                        The sufficiency and capacity of                 If there are concerns arising from a planning
                        wastewater infrastructure.                      application about the capacity of wastewater
                        The circumstances where wastewater              infrastructure, applicants will be asked to provide
                        from new development would not be               information about how the proposed development
                        expected to drain to a public sewer.            will be drained and wastewater dealt with.

                        Water supply and water quality concerns
  boundary
  concerns

   Cross-

                        often cross local authority boundaries and
                                                                        No specific guidance (relevant to some
                        can be best considered on a catchment
                                                                        developments).
                        basis. Recommends liaison from the
                        outset.

                        Water supply and quality are
   Sustainability

                        considerations in strategic environmental
                        assessment and sustainability appraisal
     SEA and

                        ... sustainability appraisal objectives could
                        include preventing deterioration of current     No specific guidance (should be considered in
                        water body status, taking climate change        applications).
                        into account and seeking opportunities to
                        improve water bodies.
                       Figure 3.2 PPG: Water supply, wastewater and water quality considerations for plan-
                       making and planning applications

 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                                               16
3.2.4 Planning Practice Guidance: Housing – Optional Technical Standards
      This guidance, advises planning authorities on how to gather evidence to set optional
      requirements, including for water efficiency. It states that “all new homes already have to
      meet the mandatory national standard set out in the Building Regulations (of 125
      litres/person/day). Where there is a clear local need, local planning authorities can set out
      Local Plan policies requiring new dwellings to meet the tighter Building Regulations optional
      requirement of 110 litres/person/day. Planning authorities are advised to consult with the
      EA and water companies to determine where there is a clear local need, and also to consider
      the impact of setting this optional standard on housing viability. A 2014 study15 into the
      cost of implementing sustainability measures in housing found that meeting a standard of
      110 litres per person per day would cost only £9 for a four-bedroom house.

3.2.5 Building Regulations and Code for Sustainable Homes
      The Building Regulations (2010) Part G16 was amended in early 2015 to require that all new
      dwellings must ensure that the potential water consumption must not exceed 125
      litres/person/day, or 110 litres/person/day where required under planning conditions.
      The Code for Sustainable Homes (CfSH) was, from 2007 to March 2015, the Government’s
      optional national standard for new housing. It became effective in England in April 2007
      and a Code rating for new homes became mandatory in May 2008. The Code included six
      levels of water efficiency for new homes seeking to simplify the various building codes that
      house builders have to adhere to, the Government withdrew CfSH in March 2015, with the
      exception of legacy cases: "where residential developments are legally contracted to apply
      a code policy (e.g. affordable housing funded through the National Affordable Housing
      Programme 2015 to 2018, or earlier programme), or where planning permission has been
      granted subject to a condition stipulating discharge of a code level, and developers are not
      appealing the condition or seeking to have it removed or varied".

3.2.6 BREEAM
      The Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology (BREEAM) is
      an internationally recognised method for assessing, rating and certifying the sustainability
      of buildings. BREEAM can be used to assess the environmental performance of any type of
      building: new and existing. Standard BREEAM schemes exist for assessment of common
      domestic and non-domestic building types and less common building types can be assessed
      by developing bespoke criteria.
      Using independent, licensed assessors, BREEAM assesses criteria covering a range of issues
      in categories that evaluate energy and water use, health and wellbeing, pollution, transport,
      materials, waste, ecology and management processes. Buildings are rated and certified on
      a scale of ‘Pass’, ‘Good’, ‘Very Good’, ‘Excellent’ and ‘Outstanding’.
      BREEAM has expanded from its original focus on individual new buildings at the construction
      stage to encompass the whole life cycle of buildings from planning to in-use and
      refurbishment. The standard is regularly revised to improve sustainability, respond to
      industry feedback and support sustainability strategies and commitments.           BREEAM
      standard can be applied to virtually any building and location, with versions for new
      buildings, existing buildings, refurbishment projects and large developments.
      TDC has the opportunity to seek BREEAM status for all new, residential and non-residential
      buildings. It currently seeks BREEAM “Very Good” through the 2008 Core Strategy17. Whilst
 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 15 Housing Standards Review: Cost Impacts, Department for Communities and Local Government (2014). Accessed online at:
 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/353387/021c_Cost_Report_11th_Sept_2014_FINAL.p
 df on: 09/03/2018
 16 The Building Regulations (2010) Part G - Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency, 2015 edition with 2016 amendments. HM
 Government (2016). Accessed online at:
 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/504207/BR_PDF_AD_G_2015_with_2016_amendmen
 ts.pdf on: 09/03/2018
 17 Tandridge District Core Strategy, Tandridge District Council (2008). Accessed online at:
 https://www.tandridge.gov.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Planning%20and%20building/Planning%20strategies%20and%20policies/Current

 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                                                        17
BREEAM contains the flexibility to achieve this in a number of ways, a “Very Good” rating
      for water resources would typically relate to a 40% improvement over baseline building
      water consumption18. As a minimum, a 12.5% improvement must be demonstrated to
      obtain BREEAM status. Guidance is provided on how to calculate this. Table 3.1 shows the
      BREEAM credits available for percentage improvement over baseline building water
      consumption in precipitation zone 1, which covers the whole of the UK.
           Table 3.1 BREEAM credits for percentage improvement over baseline water
           consumption

                                         BREEAM             Percentage
                                         Credits            improvement over
                                                            baseline water
                                                            consumption
                                         1                  12.5%
                                         2                  25%
                                         3                  40%
                                         4                  50%
                                         5                  55%
                                         Exemplary          65%

3.2.7 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)
      From April 2015, Local Planning Authorities (LPA) have been given the responsibility for
      ensuring through the planning system that sustainable drainage is implemented on
      developments of 10 or more homes or other forms of major development. Under the new
      arrangements, the key policy and standards relating to the application of SuDS to new
      developments are:
            •   The National Planning Policy Framework, which requires that development in
                areas already at risk of flooding should give priority to sustainable drainage
                systems.
            •   The House of Commons written statement19 setting out governments intentions
                that LPAs should “ensure that sustainable drainage systems for the management
                of run-off are put in place, unless demonstrated to be inappropriate” and “clear
                arrangements in place for ongoing maintenance over the lifetime of the
                development.” In practice, this has been implemented by making Lead Local
                Flood Authorities (LLFAs) statutory consultees on the drainage arrangements of
                major developments.
            •   The Defra non-statutory technical standards for sustainable drainage systems 20.
                These set out the government’s high-level requirements for managing peak flows
                and runoff volumes, flood risk from drainage systems and the structural integrity
                and construction of SuDS. This very short document is not a design manual and
                makes no reference to the other benefits of SuDS, for example water quality,
                habitat and amenity.
            •   Surrey County Council are the LLFA and play a key role in ensuring that the
                proposed drainage schemes for all new developments comply with technical
                standards and policies in relation to SuDS.

 —————————————————————————————————————————————
 %20and%20adopted%20planning%20policies/Core%20strategy/Core-Strategy.pdf on: 09/03/2018
 18 BREEAM International New Construction 2016: Technical Manual SD233 2.0, BREEAM (2016). Accessed online at:
 https://www.breeam.com/discover/technical-standards/newconstruction/ on: 09/03/2018
 19 Sustainable drainage systems: Written statement - HCWS161, UK Government (2014). Accessed online at:
 http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2014-12-
 18/HCWS161/ on: 09/03/2018
 20 Sustainable Drainage Systems: Non-statutory technical standards for sustainable drainage systems, Defra (2015).

 2018s0255 TDC WCS Phase 1 Scoping v3.0                                                                                   18
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