Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004

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Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
Thameslink 2000
Environmental Statement

Non-technical summary                                                                      June 2004
Prepared by Temple Environmental Consultants Ltd for Network Rail Infrastructure Limited
Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
Contents

 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
 Objectives of Thameslink 2000                                                        ..........................................................................................................                                                                                      6
 Overview of the 2004 proposals                                                             .......................................................................................................                                                                                   7
 Main proposals                             .................................................................................................................................                                                                                                         9
 Alternatives considered during the development of the scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
 Environmental impact assessment                                                              ....................................................................................................                                                                                 18
 Scheme-wide and strategic effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
 Environmental effects at Farringdon Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
 Environmental effects at Blackfriars Station                                                                        .......................................................................................                                                                       26
 Environmental effects of the viaduct at Borough Market                                                                                                   ...................................................................                                                      28
 Environmental effects at London Bridge Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
 Environmental effects of the dive-under at Bermondsey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
 Environmental effects of the new track at Tanners Hill                                                                                             ......................................................................                                                         33
 Environmental effects at other locations                                                                     ...........................................................................................                                                                          34
 Mitigation and residual effects                                                   ..........................................................................................................                                                                                      35
 What happens next                                       ........................................................................................................................                                                                                                  36

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Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
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Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
Extent of the Thameslink 2000 project

Introduction
 This document provides a non-          The Thameslink service was
 technical summary of the 2004          introduced in 1988 with the
 Environmental Statement (ES) for       reopening of the Snow Hill Tunnel.
 Thameslink 2000.The ES has been        This tunnel links Farringdon and
 prepared to accompany revised          Blackfriars Stations, enabling through
 planning applications for works        services to be operated across the
 associated with the Thameslink 2000    Thames.The service rapidly attracted
 rail enhancement scheme.               heavy use, and improvements to it
 The scheme is, however,                were proposed in the early 1990s,
 fundamentally the same as that         but were not implemented.
 examined at public inquiry in
                                        Under Thameslink 2000, substantial
 1999 in terms of its objectives,
                                        investment would provide new
 the powers being sought and the
                                        railway infrastructure to allow more
 transport benefits it provides.
                                        frequent and longer trains to access
                                        121 more stations than present.
History of the scheme’s                 Modernisation of stations at
development                             Farringdon, Blackfriars and London
 The Strategic Rail Authority (SRA),    Bridge is a fundamental part of the
 in association with Network Rail,      scheme. A new station at St Pancras
 is seeking to extend and upgrade the   Midland Road to replace the existing
 Thameslink network, which currently    Kings Cross Thameslink Station is, at
 links destinations between Bedford     the time of writing, being constructed
 and Brighton via central London,       as part of the Channel Tunnel Rail
 as well as linking Luton with Sutton   Link (CTRL) works.
 and Wimbledon.

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Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
Thameslink 2000
    An initial scheme for Thameslink 2000    travelling public in promoting rail over    The Secretary of State acknowledged
    was proposed in 1997, when Railtrack     road-based transport and in                 the very substantial transportation,
    made an application for an Order         supporting regeneration and                 economic and regeneration benefits
    under the Transport and Works Act        development of parts of central             of the scheme, but agreed in principle
    (TWA).TWA Orders are made by             London and the southeast of England.        with the Inspector.
    the Secretary of State, usually          The Inspector, however, identified
    following the holding of a               three deficiencies with Thameslink         Network Rail’s response
    public inquiry.                          2000 as presented, namely:
                                                                                         In light of the comments of the
    The scope of the scheme was              • the replacement of a 6-storey             Inspector and the Secretary of State,
    subsequently revised in response to        building at Blackfriars with a new        Network Rail (which took over the
    objections. As a result, various           single-storey station concourse           ownership of, and responsibilities for,
    changes were made to the original                                                    the national rail network from
                                             • the absence of detailed re-
    proposals, and a further application                                                 Railtrack in October 2002) has now
                                               instatement proposals for buildings
    for an Order for new and revised                                                     made planning applications for the
                                               proposed to be demolished at four
    works was submitted in September                                                     replacement of the 6-storey building
                                               sites in the Borough High Street
    1999 to reflect those changes.                                                       at Blackfriars with a building of similar
                                                conservation area
    The two applications for TWA                                                         scale, and for the replacement of
    powers, together with associated         • and the proposals for the                 those buildings demolished in the
    planning applications, were considered     redevelopment of London Bridge            Borough High Street conservation
    by an Inspector appointed by the           Station, which he considered              area. LB Southwark and the
    Secretary of State at a public inquiry      inadequate for a city of                 Corporation of London, as well as
    held during 2000/01.                        London’s status.                         English Heritage have been involved
                                             The Inspector considered it                 throughout the development of these
    The Inspector concluded that
                                             inappropriate to reach decisions on         design proposals.
    Thameslink 2000 would provide
                                             the submitted applications until these
    “very substantial … benefits” for the
                                             deficiencies were addressed.

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Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
At London Bridge Station,                and describes a range of mitigation       summarising the significant
 Network Rail now proposes to             measures to be incorporated into the      differences between the effects
 adopt the scheme for the                 scheme or to be adopted where             reported in the 2004 ES and
 comprehensive redevelopment of           practicable.The primary purpose of        those previously reported in
 the station known as Masterplan.         an ES is to inform the decision-          1997 and 1999.
 LB Southwark granted planning            making process by reporting the
                                                                                    The following sections of this
 permission and listed building consent   results of an environmental impact
                                                                                    non-technical summary:
 for this scheme in September 2003.       assessment (EIA).This is a recognised
                                          process for identifying the               • set out the scheme objectives
 In addition, Network Rail proposes
                                          environmental effects of a project, and
 to make a planning application to                                                  • describe the proposals
                                          has been a formal part of the UK
 accommodate the alterations to the                                                 • explain how the environmental
                                          planning regime since 1988.
 design at Blackfriars railway bridge                                                 impact assessment has been
 that have arisen as a result of scheme   The Order applications made in 1997         carried out
 development since the conclusion of      and 1999 were each accompanied by
 the public inquiry.                      an ES.The Masterplan applications         • review the main alternatives that
                                          were also accompanied by an ES.             have been considered

The role of the                           However, the Secretary of State has       • set out the planning and regulatory
Environmental Statement                   requested Network Rail, in working          context for the scheme
                                          up scheme proposals, to provide an
 The TWA Rules require that the                                                     • identify the predicted
                                          amended, expanded and updated ES
 Order Application be accompanied                                                     environmental effects,
                                          covering the whole scheme.
 by an Environmental Statement (ES).                                                  both beneficial and adverse,
                                          Network Rail has therefore produced
 Amongst other things, the ES                                                         together with appropriate
                                          an ES that accommodates the whole
 identifies the predicted significant                                                 mitigation measures.
                                          scheme, including those changed
 environmental effects of the scheme,
                                          elements referred to above. It has
 both beneficial and adverse,
                                          also produced an appendix to the ES

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Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
Objectives of Thameslink 2000
    The objectives of Thameslink 2000        • help with the dispersal of
    are to:                                    passengers from the Channel
                                               Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) terminus
     • reduce overcrowding on
                                               at St Pancras.
       Thameslink and other London
       commuter services                     Thameslink 2000 will allow passengers
                                             from many more locations north and
     • reduce overcrowding on
                                             south of the Thames to access central
       the Underground
                                             London without the need to transfer
     • reduce the need for interchange       to the Underground; this will relieve
       between main line and                 pressure on the Underground, and it
       Underground train services            will make some journeys faster and
     • provide for the introduction of       more comfortable. As a major new
       new cross-London services,            public transport service,Thameslink
       so improving public transport         2000 will encourage people to travel
       accessibility in southeast England,   by train rather than by car and so
       particularly to areas of expected     reduce congestion on the roads.
       demand growth such as the
       London Bridge development area,
       Docklands, the land adjacent to
       King’s Cross/St Pancras Stations
       and Luton and Gatwick airports

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Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
Overview of the 2004 proposals
 Network Rail proposes to meet                London Bridge, 51 other stations will          • insufficient power supplies for the
 the objectives of Thameslink 2000            be upgraded to accommodate the                    more frequent, more power-
 by enabling:                                 longer trains.                                    hungry and longer trains of
                                                                                                Thameslink 2000
  • an extension of the existing
    Thameslink service to                    More frequent services                          • a signalling system designed for
    new destinations                          Additional capacity will be provided in          controlling fewer trains.
                                              part by increasing the frequency of
  • the introduction of longer trains
                                              the Thameslink service through
  • a significantly greater frequency of      central London.Thameslink 2000 will        Location of main proposals in the Inner Area
    service through central London.           achieve this by removing the
                                              constraints imposed by:
More stations and                                                                                                                     LB Islington
                                               • the lack of availability of track                        LB Camden
longer trains
                                                 west of London Bridge Station,
 The Thameslink 2000 service will
                                                 which currently requires
 serve 169 stations as opposed to the
                                                 Thameslink services to share
 51 currently served by Thameslink.                                                                                   Farringdon Station
                                                 track with other trains
 Twelve-car trains will be used for                                                                                                            City of
                                                                                                                                               London
                                               • the insufficient number of through-                                   Blackfriars Station        Borough Market Viaduct
 much of the service during the
 busiest periods in the morning and              tracks at London Bridge Station
                                                                                                                                                 London
 evening (the peak hours), in place of         • the presence of track crossing                                                                   Bridge
                                                                                                                                                  Station
 the current eight-car trains. In addition       points and junctions, particularly at                                                                              Bermondsey

 to the new station at St Pancras                Farringdon, Blackfriars and                                                                         LB Southwark
 Midland Road and the major                      Bermondsey, which means that
 reconstruction of stations at                   Thameslink and other services                                                                                                   Tanners Hill
 Farringdon, Blackfriars and                     impede each other

                                                                                                                                                                             LB Lewisham
                                                                                            0     Kilometres    3

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Thameslink 2000 Environmental Statement - Non-technical summary June 2004
List of all stations served                                             Stations where works are proposed
                                                                            Existing Thameslink Station (Excluding Kings Cross Thameslink, Barbican and Moorgate)

    by Thameslink 2000                                                      New Station

    Peterborough            St. Albans                 Hove                Epsom                                        Denmark Hill
    Huntingdon              Radlett                    Portslade           Ashstead                                     Peckham Rye
    St. Neots               Elstree and Borehamwood    Shoreham-by-Sea     Leatherhead                                  Nunhead
    Sandy                   Mill Hill Broadway         Lancing             Bookham                                      Crofton Park
    Biggleswade             Hendon                     Worthing            Effingham Junction                           Catford
    Arlesey                 Cricklewood                West Worthing       Guildford                                    Bellingham
    Hitchin                 West Hampstead T/Link      Durrington-on-Sea                                                Beckenham Hill
    Stevenage               Kentish Town               Goring-by-Sea       Elephant and Castle                          Ravensbourne
    Finsbury Park                                      Angmering           Loughborough Junction                        Shortlands
                            St. Pancras Midland Road   Littlehampton       Herne Hill                                   Bromley South
    Kings Lynn              Farringdon                                     Tulse Hill                                   Bickley
    Watlington              City Thameslink            Purley              Streatham                                    St. Mary Cray
    Downham Market          Blackfriars                Coulsdon South      Mitcham Junction                             Swanley
    Littleport              London Bridge              Merstham            Hackbridge                                   Eynsford
    Ely                                                Redhill             Carshalton                                   Shoreham
    Waterbeach              East Croydon               Earlswood           West Sutton                                  Otford
    Cambridge               Gatwick Airport            Salfords            Sutton Common                                Bat and Ball
    Foxton                  Three Bridges              Horley              St. Helier
    Shepreth                Balcombe                   Crawley             Morden South                                 New Cross
    Meldreth                Haywards Heath             Ifield              South Merton                                 St. Johns
    Royston                 Wivelsfield                Faygate             Wimbledon Chase                              Lewisham
    Ashwell and Morden      Burgess Hill               Littlehaven         Wimbledon                                    Blackheath
    Baldock                 Hassocks                   Horsham             Haydons Road                                 Kidbrooke
    Letchworth              Preston Park                                   Tooting                                      Eltham
    Knebworth               Brighton                   Sanderstead                                                      Falconwood
    Welwyn North                                       Riddlesdown         Orpington                                    Welling
    Welwyn Garden City      Plumpton                   Upper Warlingham    Sevenoaks                                    Bexleyheath
    Hatfield                Cooksbridge                Woldingham          Hildenborough                                Barnehurst
    Potters Bar             Lewes                      Oxted               Tonbridge                                    Hither Green
                            Glynde                     Hurst Green         Paddock Wood                                 Lee
    Bedford                 Berwick                    Lingfield           Marden                                       Mottingham
    Flitwick                Polegate                   Dormans             Staplehurst                                  New Eltham
    Harlington              Hampden Park               East Grinstead      Headcorn                                     Sidcup
    Leagrave                Eastbourne                                     Pluckley                                     Albany Park
    Luton                                              Norwood Junction    Ashford International                        Bexley
    Luton Airport Parkway                              West Croydon                                                     Crayford
    Harpenden                                          Sutton                                                           Dartford

8
Outer area stations at which works are proposed

Main proposals
Main proposals in the                      • redeveloping London Bridge
Inner Area                                   Station based on
                                             Masterplan proposals
 The Thameslink 2000 scheme has
 been divided geographically into two      • creating a rail underpass at
 areas: the Inner Area, which includes       Bermondsey (a ‘dive-under’)
 the works within the City of London
                                           • introducing additional track
 and the London boroughs of
                                             on a widened embankment at
 Camden, Islington, Southwark and
                                             Tanners Hill (St Johns)
 Lewisham; and the Outer Area,
 within which the remainder of the         • platform extensions at West
 Thameslink 2000 network lies.               Hampstead, Finsbury Park,
                                             Elephant and Castle, Hither Green
 The main proposals in the Inner             and New Cross stations
 Area comprise:
                                           • upgrading of the signalling system.
  • introducing a new rail connection
                                           In the Outer Area, works will
    through the tunnel (constructed by
                                           comprise platform extensions and
    CTRL) between Thameslink and
                                           other minor alterations at 46 stations,
    the East Coast Main Line
                                           together with upgrades to power
  • upgrading Farringdon main line and     supply equipment.
    Underground stations

  • reconstructing Blackfriars main line
    and Underground stations

  • introducing a new viaduct through
    the Borough Market area

                                                                                                                                       9
Farringdon Station                          Changes to the design reported in
                                                                                                  the 1999 ES relate to the new
                                                       The proposals at Farringdon Station
                                                                                                  footbridge that enables better
                                                       are essentially the same as those put
                                                                                                  passenger interchange between
                                                       forward in 1999.The proposals
                                                                                                  Thameslink and London Underground
                                                       involve extending the platforms in
                                                                                                  platforms, and the new platform roof
                                                       order to accommodate twelve-car
                                                                                                  to the north of the existing roof.
                                                       trains. Closure of the Thameslink
                                                                                                  These were however examined at the
                                                       branch to Moorgate is required in
                                                                                                  2000/01 Public Inquiry, during which
                                                       order to allow space for these
     Farringdon - proposed Cowcross Street entrance                                               they were the subject of revised
                                                       extended platforms, as well as to
                                                                                                  planning applications.
                                                       allow for the increased number of
                                                       cross-London services. New roof
                                                       canopies will be constructed that        Blackfriars Station
                                                       will shelter passengers on both            It is proposed to remodel the track
                                                       Thameslink and London Underground          and station layout at Blackfriars in
                                                       platforms. Extension of the Thameslink     order to accommodate twelve-car
                                                       platforms will require reconstruction      trains, to remove the conflict between
                                                       of the Cowcross Street bridge; part of     through and terminating services
                                                       Cowcross Street outside the station        caused by the existing layout of
                                                       will be reinstated as a pedestrian         tracks, and to improve passenger
                                                       precinct.The listed 54-60 Cowcross         amenity, access and interchange with
                                                       Street will be demolished to make          the Underground.The platforms will
                                                       way for a new Thameslink ticket hall       be extended across the River Thames,
                                                       and concourse as part of general           and will be roofed over. A new station
                                                       improvements to passenger access.          entrance will be provided from the
                                                                                                  south bank of the river.
     Blackfriars - proposed north entrance

10
In a change to the 1999 scheme,            • a stronger support of the widened      Other features of the scheme remain
it is now proposed to replace the            bridge by the eastern-most piers       unchanged, namely:
6-storey building at 167-179 Queen           of the old West Blackfriars and
                                                                                    • reconstruction of the
Victoria Street with a new building of       St Paul’s bridge in order to provide
                                                                                      Underground station
similar scale; this will house a new         additional protection against
                                                                                      and interchange
station concourse and ticket office          ship strike
(serving Underground and main line                                                  • a footbridge link to the
                                           • changes to the new bridge roof:
rail passengers), a mezzanine deck                                                    main line platforms over
                                             angled aluminium-clad panels
and a ventilation shaft designed as an                                                Queen Victoria Street
                                             separated by glass on the north-
architectural feature.This will remove                                              • provision of two through
                                             facing sides, replace the previous
the need for the ventilation shaft                                                    platforms on the eastern
                                             design in order to improve the
structure on the traffic island that was                                              side of the bridge and two
                                             lighting of the platforms and the
proposed in 1999.The building will                                                    terminating platforms on
                                             internal temperature for
otherwise be open to a ceiling some                                                   the west
                                             passengers on the station.
20 metres high, creating a ‘cathedral’
                                             This structure will intrude no more    • extension of these
effect to the entrance to the station.
                                             into the St Paul’s Heights than the      platforms across the whole
Further design development of the
                                             1999 proposal.                           length of the bridge
railway bridge has also revealed the                                                                                      Blackfriars - proposed station roof
need for some revisions to the             Other changes concern the                • provision of a roof across
scheme proposed in 1999; the main          configuration and location of rooms        the entire length and breadth of
revisions comprise the following:          and buildings within the new station.      the bridge
                                           In order to overcome safety and          • provision of a new station
                                           operational concerns, it is now            entrance and ticket hall on the
                                           proposed that the Blackfriars              south bank.
                                           Underground Station will be closed
                                           to passengers over some 24 months.

                                                                                                                                                                11
Borough Viaduct                                 • 2-4 Bedale Street, with a              and six terminating train platforms in
                                                                                                       two-storey retail/office building      order to accommodate the increased
                                                         Between Metropolitan Junction and
     Proposed replacement building for                                                                 and a new entrance to the              frequency of Thameslink 2000 trains,
                                                         London Bridge Station, the track
     11-15 Borough High Street                                                                         Borough Market                         while maintaining similar service levels
                                                         currently used by Thameslink services
                                                                                                                                              to Cannon Street and Charing Cross.
                                                         passes over the Borough Market area         • 11-15 Borough High Street, with a
                                                                                                                                              This is unchanged from 1999.
                                                         on a brick arch viaduct that it shares        four-storey office/retail building
                                                         with Charing Cross services.                                                         Other main elements of the
                                                                                                     • 16-26 Borough High Street, with a
                                                         It remains the proposal to divert the                                                Masterplan scheme are as follows:
                                                                                                       four-storey commercial building.
                                                         Charing Cross services onto a new
                                                         double-track line carried on a series                                                • two new and greatly improved
                                                                                                   London Bridge Station                        station entrances on Tooley Street
                                                         of bridges and viaducts just to the
                                                         south of the existing line, leaving the    The proposals at London Bridge              and St Thomas Street
                                                         existing line and viaduct for              Station represent a comprehensive
                                                                                                                                              • a new public concourse at ground
                                                         Thameslink 2000 trains.                    change to the 1999 scheme.
                                                                                                                                                level, linking Tooley Street and
                                                                                                    These result from the “deficiencies” of
                                                                                                                                                St Thomas Street
                                                         In a change to the 1999 proposals,         the London Bridge Station proposals,
                                                         planning applications have now been        as reported by the Inspector.             • closure of one footbridge over
     Proposed replacement building for
     16-26 Borough High Street                           submitted for structures to replace        The adoption of the Masterplan              Tooley Street, requiring much
                                                         some of the buildings to be                proposals, which have received              greater street-level use by
                                                         demolished in the Borough High             planning and listed building consent,       pedestrians (and new facilities to
                                                         Street area, namely:                       means that the station will be              accommodate this)
                                                                                                    completely redeveloped as part of         • platform access via a mezzanine
                                                          • 7 Stoney Street, with a beer
                                                                                                    Thameslink 2000.                            interchange level.
                                                            garden for the adjacent
                                                            Wheatsheaf Pub and sculptural           The Order works will enable changes
                                                            metal gate entrance                     to be made to the platforms and
                                                                                                    tracks; this will provide nine through

                                         Proposed entrance to London
                                         Bridge Station, St Thomas Street
12
• full compliance with Disability       Bermondsey                                 Tanners Hill
  Discrimination Act requirements,
                                         To the southeast of London Bridge           In order to improve line capacity
  including lift and escalator access
                                         Station, the present need for               on the approach to London
• greater capacity for new               Thameslink services to share and to         Bridge Station, it is proposed to
  retail space                           cross over tracks used by other             lay approximately 450 metres of
                                         services to Kent, Sussex and south          new track to create, in place of
• a redeveloped bus station with
                                         London precludes the increased              the existing single track link, a
  15 bus stands (four more than at
                                         number of Thameslink trains.To avoid        double-track link between
  present and two more than the
                                         this constraint, a railway underpass or     Tanners Hill and Lewisham Vale
  13 stands proposed in the 1999
                                         dive-under near Bolina Road in              junctions. Realignment of the
  scheme) and some 50% more
                                         Bermondsey is proposed; this will           existing track and changes to
  passenger waiting space.This
                                         carry four tracks beneath the main          these junctions will be required
  proposal avoids the need to
                                         line to Brighton.The work for this will     to accommodate the double
  demolish Fielden House and to
                                         require the demolition of part of an        track.The work will require
  occupy land by New London
                                         existing viaduct and the construction       widening of the existing
  Bridge House
                                         of an embankment.The railway bridge         embankment, partial                                 London Bridge Masterplan -
• continued, limited use of              over Bolina Road will be widened;           reconstruction of St Johns Vale          view from ‘More London’ development
  Railway Approach. Under the            the road itself will be closed to           Bridge and modification of the
  1999 scheme it is to be closed to      through traffic, although pedestrian        footbridge access to St Johns Station.
  through-traffic and the majority of    access will be maintained by a new          The proposals at Tanners Hill are the
  it is to be pedestrianised             underpass. Crossings of the proposed        same as those assessed in 1999.
• provision for a 10-storey office       route for the East London Line will
  building over the station (to be       require one new bridge and the
  developed separately to the            reconstruction of another.
  Thameslink 2000 scheme).               The proposals at Bermondsey are
                                         the same as those assessed in 1997.

                                                                                                                                                                      13
Proposals at other stations                   equipment will be installed at 18         • new track on the new
                                                   locations and existing equipment will       Borough Viaduct
      Provision of twelve-car Thameslink
                                                   be upgraded at 34 locations.
      services on routes not currently                                                       • track re-modelling including new
      served by trains of this length will                                                     junctions and the removal of
      require work (mainly extensions) to        Signalling                                    redundant track and junctions to
      platforms at 51 other stations               The increased frequency of services         the east and west of London
      (including five in the Inner Area).          through central London will require         Bridge Station
      These extensions will range in length        the upgrading of the signalling system.   • various track works between
      from as little as 1 metre to as much         The physical works associated with          London Bridge Station and
      as 175 metres. Changes in proposed           the re-signalling are confined to the       Bermondsey
      platform extension length from those         railway and have negligible
      assumed in 1997 and 1999 are the                                                       • a disused loop of track at New
                                                   environmental implications.
      result of refinement of the station                                                      Cross Gate to be renovated and
      design proposals. Other minor station                                                    brought back into use.
                                                 Track
      works will include alterations to                                                      In the Outer Area, changes to the
                                                   The majority of changes to the track
      footbridges, stop boards, signalling and                                               track will be required at some
                                                   will take place in the Inner Area.
      electrical equipment.                                                                  locations to accommodate
                                                   In addition to the major track works
                                                                                             platform extensions.
                                                   at London Bridge Station,
     Power reinforcement                           Bermondsey and Tanners Hill, the
      The increased frequency of                   other main track works will comprise:
      Thameslink services through the Inner
      Area, the use of longer trains and the       • new track through the tunnels
      greater power requirements of the              being constructed as part of the
      new trains will require an increased           CTRL project, to connect the
      electrical power supply. New electrical        Thameslink line to the East Coast
                                                     Main Line

14
Alternatives considered during the
development of the scheme
In developing the Thameslink 2000       • alternatives at Farringdon, including
scheme since the early 1990s, a           options for platform extensions,
number of alternatives have been          were assessed
considered.These are reported in
                                        • an alternative for the
detail in the Alternatives Report of
                                          replacement of 16-26 Borough
the 2004 ES and may be summarised
                                          High Street was proposed
as follows:
                                        • alternative track and platform
 • an alternative service pattern for     arrangements at London Bridge
   Thameslink 2000 was proposed           Station were examined.
   after 1997
                                        Alternatives were rejected because
 • the feasibility of two alternative   they did not meet the strategic or
   routes, which would avoid works at   financial objectives of the project,
   Borough Market, was evaluated:       were not the most practicable
   a tunnel from Bermondsey to          options in engineering or operational
   Clerkenwell, and an over-ground      terms or were considered less
   route through Elephant and Castle    advantageous in environmental terms,
   and Herne Hill                       compared with the proposed scheme.
 • alternatives for various elements
   of the Thameslink 2000 works at
   Blackfriars were examined,
   including options for the roof,
   platform configuration, bridge
   substructure and north bank
   station entrance

                                                                                  15
Construction
                                        Thameslink 2000 will take about five        Rail services during                        A limited number of special longer
                                        years to construct following several        construction                                closures will be required including
                                        months of enabling works, such as                                                       closure of Blackfriars main line station
                                                                                      It is intended that a weekday
                                        diversion of pipes and cables and                                                       for a period of up to four weeks
                                                                                      timetable be maintained that is similar
                                        alterations to buildings, particularly at                                               when trains will not stop there.
                                                                                      to the current schedule, and which
                                        London Bridge Station.The main                                                          A 17-day closure of some lines in the
                                                                                      can provide for the same number of
                                        works are currently anticipated to                                                      Bermondsey area and other extended
                                                                                      people. Closure of the railway will be
                                        begin in January 2007 and to finish at                                                  closures of 76 hours or more over
                                                                                      restricted largely to overnight (4-8
                                        the end of 2011.                                                                        public holidays will also be required.
                                                                                      hours) or weekend and bank holiday
                                                                                      (32-56 hours) periods, leaving            In a change to the 1999 scheme,
                                                                                      services generally free to run as         the closure of Blackfriars
                                                                                      normal during the daytime and/or          Underground Station for 24 months
                                                                                      weekday hours.                            is now proposed in order to provide
                                                                                                                                for enhanced safety of passengers and
     Assumed construction programme
                                                                                                                                workers and to reduce risks to
                                 2007    2008                    2009                2010                    2011               Underground services.

             Farringdon

              Blackfriars

      Borough Viaduct

        London Bridge

           Bermondsey

            Tanners Hill
16
Planning and environmental                adverse environmental effects that        Typical construction
management strategy                       were predicted in 1997 and 1999,          activities
                                          as well as those predicted in 2004.
 In recognising the long term benefits                                               Construction activities will vary at
 of Thameslink 2000, Network Rail                                                    each location, but will involve activities
 remains keenly aware of the need to     Working hours                               such as demolition, bored piling,
 avoid, reduce, remedy or compensate      In order to provide safe working           excavation, earthworks, erection of
 for the adverse environmental effects    conditions and to ensure that              new structures, track-laying, signalling
 of the scheme. A Planning and            disruption to existing railway services    and electrical installation.
 Environmental Management Strategy        and operations is kept to a
 (PEMS) was adopted by the project        practicable minimum, some works will      Access
 in 1999 to describe, amongst other       need to be carried out at night or
                                                                                     The works will be accessed mainly by
 things, how environmental impacts        weekends. Working hours on specific
                                                                                     road. Where practicable, rail access
 arising from construction would be       sites will be confirmed as
                                                                                     will also be used; for example,
 reduced or mitigated.This has now        construction details are refined and in
                                                                                     for track work and delivery of ballast.
 been updated to reflect the              consultation with local authorities.
                                                                                     Some of the works on the railway
 considerable work undertaken by          However, typical hours for work
                                                                                     bridge at Blackfriars will also be
 Thameslink 2000’s project team to        outside the rail corridor will be
                                                                                     accessed by river.
 develop mechanisms for controlling       between 8am and 6pm Monday to
 environmental impact, both at the        Friday and 8am to 1pm on Saturday.
 design stage and during construction.
 Network Rail has been attentive to
 this enhanced environmental control
 and is confident in its ability to
 mitigate many of the potential

                                                                                                                                  17
Environmental impact assessment
     How the environmental                       The consumption of natural resources         An acknowledged specialist addressed
     effects of the scheme have                  and the generation of waste are              each of these topics.The topics
     been assessed                               reported on a scheme-wide basis              covered the same issues as the 1999
                                                 within the ES.They are also                  ES, although with some changes in
      The approach to the EIA remains
                                                 considered as part of the separate           categories of topic to reflect better
      broadly as it was in 1999 and 1997,
                                                 sustainability appraisal of the scheme.      the requirements of the scheme and
      and is described in the Scoping and
                                                                                              to avoid duplicating the reported
      Methodology Report of the ES.              The remaining scope of the
                                                                                              effects. In particular, built heritage and
                                                 assessment was divided into
      As before, the first step was to carry                                                  townscape issues are combined in
                                                 11 topics:
      out a scoping exercise, to identify the                                                 order to reflect the urban location of
      range of issues to be included in the      • cultural heritage, namely:                 the principal works. A separate
      EIA process.                                   - archaeology                            planning report has also been
                                                     - landscape, townscape and               prepared.This assesses the scheme in
                                                       built heritage                         the context of national, regional and
     Topics assessed and
     not assessed                                • natural resources, namely:                 local planning policy.

      The scheme will affect negligible              - ecology and biodiversity
                                                                                              In accordance with government
                                                     - surface water resources
      amounts of agricultural land.                                                           guidance, a sustainability report has
                                                     - soil and groundwater
      Such electro-magnetic radiation that                                                    been produced, which describes the
      the scheme is likely to produce will       • amenity and welfare, namely:               findings of a sustainability appraisal of
      be significantly below limits for public       - air quality (including microclimate)   the project. It does not, however, form
      exposure set by the European Union,            - noise and vibration                    part of the ES.
      amongst others. As a result, and in            - visual amenity

      line with the 1999 ES, these topics do
                                                     - transport and access                   The assessment of each of these
                                                     - local community                        topics is presented in separate
      not form part of the assessment.
                                                     - socio-economics.                       specialist reports that support,
                                                                                              but do not form part of, the ES.

18
Consultation                               Consultation and information               and Network Rail’s focus on effective
                                           exercises will continue during the         environmental management, many
 Since the beginning of the project in
                                           period while the powers for the            mitigation measures have already
 the early 1990s, there has been wide
                                           scheme are sought, and during the          been integrated into the scheme.
 consultation on the proposals with
                                           construction period.                       Such mitigation is accordingly
 many people and organisations
                                                                                      assumed by the EIA. Any additional
 directly and indirectly affected.
                                          The Environmental                           measures, which concern principally
 These include residents, interest
                                          Statement                                   the control of noise and vibration,
 groups, local authorities, consent
                                                                                      are reported in the 2004 ES as
 granting bodies, utility companies and    The purpose of the ES is to report
                                                                                      mitigation options.
 the wider railway industry.               the predicted significant
                                           environmental effects of the scheme        A distinction is made in the 2004 ES
 Revisions to the design of various
                                           and the means of mitigating them.          between temporary construction
 elements of the scheme have been
                                           A significant effect is one that, in the   effects (effects that arise only during
 made in response to concerns raised
                                           opinion of the EIA specialists, should     the construction process) and
 by the people who have been
                                           be brought to the attention of the         permanent and/or operational
 consulted; for examples, the design of
                                           decision-makers – principally the          effects due to permanent
 the roof over Blackfriars Station and
                                           Secretary of State (and his appointed      features of the scheme or the
 the location of the platform
                                           Inspector) and relevant local and          running of the Thameslink
 extensions at Durrington.
                                           other statutory authorities.               2000 service.
 Almost 300 legal commitments have
                                           A significant effect may be beneficial
 been agreed with individuals and
                                           or adverse. Wherever a significant
 organisations, which will seek to
                                           adverse effect has been predicted,
 protect their interests during the
                                           the EIA specialists have sought to
 construction of the scheme and
                                           propose mitigation. Given the
 during the operation of the
                                           scheme’s long history, however,
 enhanced railway.

                                                                                                                                19
The majority of significant effects are   Planning and
     associated with particular locations.     regulatory context
     However, some effects may be
                                                The 2004 ES has reported the extent
     considered for the scheme as a
                                                to which Thameslink 2000 conforms
     whole.These comprise effects that:
                                                to the relevant national, regional and
     • concern a resource of                    local planning and regulatory context.
        national significance
                                                Thameslink 2000 proposals conform
     • are significant only as an               with national government planning
       accumulation of many local effects       policy to promote sustainable forms
                                                of transportation and reduce reliance
     • are relevant only for the scheme
                                                on the car.The scheme would assist
        as a whole
                                                local authorities in encouraging
     • have a particular bearing on             development that is well served by
       national or regional                     public transport and in integrating
       government policy.                       transport and land use planning policy
                                                (as required by national Policy
                                                Planning Guidance (PPG)13).
                                                Considerable attention has been paid
                                                to producing a high quality of design
                                                in new structures (as required by
                                                PPG1) where their impact might be
                                                greatest; i.e. at Blackfriars, Farringdon,
                                                London Bridge and the Borough
                                                Market area.The re-instatement
                                                proposals at Borough Market comply

20
with the requirement in PPG15 to        In respect of local planning policy,      The scheme is consistent with local
minimise the impact on historic         there are specific conflicts with         plan policies, which encourage
buildings as far as practicable.        policies to protect listed buildings      improvement to, and increased use
The project’s Archaeological Strategy   and conservation areas within LB          of rail services to help reduce
conforms to PPG16 in respect of the     Southwark and LB Islington, and in        dependence on the private car.
recording or preservation of            the City of London there is a conflict    It is also consistent with the aspiration
archaeological remains. Potential       with respect to the St Paul’s Heights     for sustainable development that is
impacts on water resources or           Limits. However, in the majority of       now incorporated in the majority of
from noise have been identified and     districts and boroughs where the          development plans.The scheme also
appropriate mitigation proposed (in     scheme involves significant works,        conforms with local planning policy in
conformance respectively with PPG23     there is specific support in adopted      respect of regeneration and
and the general objectives of PPG24).   and emerging planning policy for          employment.The increased
                                        Thameslink 2000. In the majority of       accessibility afforded by the scheme
The proposals are also specifically
                                        other local authority areas affected by   would assist those local regeneration
supported by regional planning policy
                                        more minor works, support is given        initiatives focused on town centres.
guidance for the South East (RPG 9),
                                        either for Thameslink 2000 specifically
East Anglia (RPG 6), the London Plan,
                                        or for improvement to the rail
and strategic transportation policies
                                        infrastructure generally.
within the structure plans and local
transport plans for Bedfordshire,
Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire,
Norfolk, West Sussex, East Sussex,
Brighton and Hove, Surrey and Kent.

                                                                                                                              21
Scheme-wide and strategic effects
     Beneficial scheme-wide and                facilities with the CTRL at St Pancras    Regeneration and growth
     strategic effects                         Midland Road and with Crossrail,           In London, relief by Thameslink 2000
                                               if developed, at Farringdon.               of the chronic congestion now
      Thameslink 2000 will give rise to a
      range of beneficial effects across       Thameslink 2000 will reduce                evident in parts of the public
      London, the South East and the East      passenger crowding on many existing        transport system will remove what
      of England.These are described here.     services at peak times, particularly on    would otherwise become a deterrent
                                               the current Thameslink route to            to investment in the Capital.
     Improved accessibility and                Bedford and on the Great Northern          Thameslink 2000 will support and
     reduced overcrowding                      line.Thameslink 2000 will also reduce      enhance the economies of the
      Thameslink 2000 will bring about         crowding on the Underground by             regions served by Thameslink and will
      significantly improved accessibility     reducing the need to interchange and       benefit international passengers by
      both to central London and to the        by providing more capacity from            improving accessibility to Gatwick and
      places served north and south of         north to south across London.              Luton Airports (in accordance with
      central London.This is due to the
                                                                                          the London Plan) and by providing an
      additional number of destinations,      Switch from road to rail                    important interchange facility with the
      the more frequent services and the       It is expected that there would be an      Channel Tunnel Rail Link at St Pancras.
      reduced journey times. Accessibility     increase in the use of public transport
      will also be improved by enhanced                                                   By significantly increasing the number
                                               throughout the South East and East
      interchange facilities with London                                                  of passengers that can be taken to
                                               of England as a result of the project;
      Underground, particularly at                                                        and from a number of key stations at
                                               this would be equivalent to about
      Farringdon, Blackfriars and London                                                  peak times,Thameslink 2000 will help
                                               25,000 additional rail journeys in the
      Bridge Stations, where the severe                                                   support objectives for increased
                                               morning peak hours. A proportion of
      congestion currently experienced will                                               employment and housing in areas
                                               them would be people switching
      be significantly reduced.Thameslink                                                 designated by the Government for
                                               from car to train.
      2000 will create new interchange                                                    regeneration and/or growth,

22
particularly around Luton, Bedford       Support of long-term                       Adverse scheme-wide
 and Cambridge.                           employment                                 and strategic effects
                                           In the morning peak hour, the
 The regeneration and improved                                                       Loss of cultural heritage
                                           Thameslink 2000 services will offer
 accessibility brought about by
                                           over 7,000 more seats into London          Works in the Borough Market
 Thameslink 2000 are expected to
                                           than are available today.This increased    area will potentially impact upon
 underpin additional employment
                                           capacity is expected to attract more       Roman and mediaeval remains
 benefits for areas around Luton and
                                           people into the capital, which will,       considered to be of national
 Brighton and Hove, each of which
                                           in turn, support employment-               importance, since they represent
 have wards containing higher than
                                           generating development, particularly       the development of Southwark as
 average unemployment.
                                           at Farringdon, Blackfriars and London      a key component of the historic
                                           Bridge. With the employment                growth of London.
Jobs supported during
construction                               generated directly within retail and
                                                                                      Several buildings and structures
                                           other facilities at the stations,
 The construction of Thameslink 2000                                                  at the inner London sites that,
                                           particularly at London Bridge,
 will create directly the equivalent of                                               through their heritage and
                                           this will significantly outweigh the
 some 11,500 person years of                                                          condition, are listed for their
                                           150 or so jobs that are predicted to
 temporary employment. It will also                                                   national importance will be
                                           be lost permanently as a result of
 create indirectly, as a result of its                                                demolished or directly impacted by
                                           the scheme’s direct impacts on
 demands for goods and services                                                       the scheme.The settings of several
                                           businesses in areas affected by the
 and of expenditure by those people                                                   other listed buildings will be
                                           construction works.
 employed in its construction,                                                        adversely affected. In combination
 an additional 5,750 person years                                                     these impacts will remove a small
 of induced employment.                                                               part of London’s heritage.

                                                                                      These effects are described in
                                                                                      greater detail later in the non-
                                                                                      technical summary.

                                                                                                                           23
Model of construction noise

     Noise during construction
     and operation
      Construction noise will temporarily
      affect approximately 140 residential
      properties during the day and
      approximately 3,300 at night.

      About 40 commercial properties
      will be affected by daytime
      construction noise.

      The operation of Thameslink 2000 is
      predicted to result in significant
      daytime noise increases at 44
      residential properties and 14
      commercial properties; at night, 32
      residential properties will be similarly
      affected.Thameslink 2000 will operate
      along 150 miles of track, however,
      and in this context the total number
      of people subject to significant noise
      impacts is extremely low.

      Changes in traffic flow, particularly
      at Farringdon and London Bridge,
      will result in both increases and          and not considered significant,           and approximately 80 properties will
      decreases in road traffic noise levels.    whilst the decrease in road traffic       benefit from reduced noise levels.
      The increase in traffic noise is limited   noise levels is considered significant,

24
Environmental effects at Farringdon Station
  The conclusions of the 2004 ES are        provide an overall benefit for the       Cardinal Tower car park, will
  not substantially different to those      community living and working around      constitute a temporary effect,
  reported in the 1999 ES.                  the station.                             although this must be viewed in
  There is more information about the                                                the context of local planning
                                            The several thousand additional seats
  impacts on archaeology.There are                                                   policy which generally
                                            on trains into central London in the
  also some revisions associated with                                                discourages private car use.
                                            morning peak hour will support
  changes in land use and baseline
                                            employment-generating development        Construction will have a
  information, such as traffic flows and
                                            at Farringdon.The 40 or so jobs          temporary adverse effect on the
  ambient noise.
                                            predicted to be lost to the area as      setting of listed buildings, on the
                                            a result of physical impacts on          character of conservation areas
Beneficial effects                          businesses should be viewed in           and of the townscape overall,
  The pedestrianised Cowcross Street        this context.                            and on local views of
  together with the new Thameslink                                                   St Paul’s Cathedral.
  2000 Station and refurbished
                                           Adverse effects                           Permanent adverse effects on
  entrance to the Underground station
                                            There will be significant disruption     the area’s cultural heritage will
  will result in an enhancement of the
                                            during construction due to noise,        arise as a result of the
  townscape character around
                                            vibration, visual intrusion and,         demolition of the listed 54-60
  Farringdon Station.
                                            potentially, dust. A combination of      Cowcross Street and of the
  The pedestrianisation will also           these impacts on Cowcross and            impact of works on any possible
  enhance pedestrian access, improve        Turnmill streets will adversely affect   archaeological remains.
  visual amenity in the station and on      the local community.                     Any archaeological investigation that
  Cowcross and Greville streets, and                                                 is undertaken beforehand and that
                                            The loss of some 150 car parking
  decrease traffic noise at some                                                     leads to publication, while not
                                            spaces over about three months, and
  locations on Cowcross Street and                                                   compensating for the impact,
                                            loss of half of these over 30 months
  Turnmill Street.These changes will                                                 would be a benefit.
                                            as a result of works affecting the

                                                                                                                             25
Environmental effects at Blackfriars Station
     The changes to the proposals at             The proposed closure of the                   The listed southern abutment of the
     Blackfriars Station will result in some     Underground station for 24 months             former West Blackfriars and St Paul’s
     different conclusions as reported in        during construction has been                  Rail Bridge will be reconstructed
     the 1999 ES.The replacement of              proposed for safety and operational           around the new bridge span.
     167-179 Queen Victoria Street with a        reasons and this will help to reduce          The appreciation of this structure will
     new building of similar scale and the       the overall construction period.              be enhanced by its re-incorporation
     removal of the proposed vent shaft          However, it will result in new                as part of an operational railway.
     from the traffic island will provide        temporary adverse transport impacts.
                                                                                               Some beneficial effects on visual
     new visual benefits and will also
                                                                                               amenity are predicted in the long
     eliminate two significant adverse         Beneficial effects                              term as a result of the redeveloped
     effects on built heritage reported by
                                                 In the long term, there will be clear         station on the north bank and, in
     the 1999 ES.The revised design for
                                                 public transport improvements in              particular, the high quality design of
     the station roof will result in no
                                                 terms of both additional main line            the replacement building.
     different conclusions from the 1999 ES.
                                                 services and enhanced interchange
                                                                                               Amidst the generally adverse
                                                 with the Underground.
                                                                                               operational noise effects, there will be
                                                 The redeveloped station, in particular
                                                                                               a reduction in wheel squeal noise.
                                                 the new footbridge on the north
                                                 bank and the new station entrance
                                                 on the south bank, will enable much          Adverse effects
                                                 easier access to rail services, especially    There will be significant disruption
                                                 for those whose mobility is impaired.         during construction due to noise,
                                                                                               with residents living in the vicinity of
                                                 The several thousand additional seats
                                                                                               the railway on the south bank of the
                                                 on trains into central London in the
                                                                                               river and workers in offices similarly
                                                 morning peak hour will support
                                                                                               located on the north bank particularly
                                                 employment-generating development
                                                                                               affected. In the long term, the
                                                 at Blackfriars.

26
increased frequency and length of         issue for those people whose mobility     Excavation on both sides of the
trains will result in significant noise   is impaired. Any measures to mitigate     river may impact archaeological
increases during the day for offices      these potential effects will need to be   remains, including waterfront
and a few residential properties facing   agreed with Transport for London.         structures that might be
onto the railway.                         They are likely to include the            preserved within the site.
                                          provision of additional bus services      Any prior investigation that leads
Construction activity will also
                                          and passenger information, such as        to publication, while not
result in visual intrusion, which,
                                          alternative routes and travel options.    compensating for the archaeological
together with construction noise
                                                                                    impact, would be a benefit.
impacts, will adversely affect the        The main line station will also be
residential and leisure community         subject to a temporary closure of up      Construction activity will result in
at Thames Bankside.                       to four weeks requiring Thameslink        temporary adverse effects on the
                                          passengers to use City Thameslink         setting and/or integrity of a number
The closure of the Underground
                                          Station, 250 metres to the north,         of listed structures and on local
station over 24 months will cause
                                          during this time.                         townscape character. In the long term,
disruption to the travelling public
                                                                                    the southern part of the bridge roof
during construction. It will exert        Construction work on the
                                                                                    will intrude into a limited number of
pressure on existing bus services in      south bank over about two years
                                                                                    views of St Paul’s Cathedral, affecting
the area and on other main line and       will require temporary closure of
                                                                                    its setting, as well as some locally
Underground stations. It will also        the river path and the diversion of
                                                                                    designated views of the Tate Modern
result in increased numbers of people     pedestrians via Southwark Street.
                                                                                    and Tower Bridge.
walking over Waterloo Bridge, along       This will add some 400 metres to
the Strand and Fleet Street, and along    their journey and more for people         The new roof will also adversely
Queen Victoria Street around              whose mobility is impaired, who will      affect the views across and along the
Mansion House Underground Station.        need to be diverted further, along        river for people near to it on the
The increased walking distances that      Upper Ground.                             Blackfriars Road Bridge and in some
will be required would be a particular                                              apartments on the south bank.

                                                                                                                              27
Environmental effects of the
     viaduct at Borough Market
     The conclusions drawn in the 2004           Borough High Street. In a                  The possible closure of Borough High
     ES are not substantially different to       development from the 1999 scheme,          Street, which is a very busy road, over
     those reported in the 1999 ES.              this group is to be replaced in            a bank holiday weekend, will result in
     The impacts of the scheme on the            accordance with the planning               very short-term disruption to traffic.
     area’s built heritage and townscape         application for 16-26 Borough High
                                                                                            There will be significant disruption
     are reduced (although they remain           Street. Other listed buildings affected
                                                                                            during construction due to noise,
     significant) by the four replacement        include the Wheatsheaf pub, which is
                                                                                            vibration, dust and visual impact.
     structures that are now proposed.           partially demolished, and 1-13 Park
                                                                                            A combination of these impacts on
     There is a greater knowledge now            Street the backs and interiors of
                                                                                            Borough High Street will adversely
     about the potential impacts on              which will be directly impacted.
                                                                                            affect the local community.
     archaeology as a result of                  Other listed buildings will be affected
     investigations undertaken since 2001.       in terms of their setting, including the   A number of properties and other
     There are also some revisions               Globe pub and 5 Stoney Street.             locations around the viaduct will be
     associated with new baseline                                                           affected in the long term by the
                                                 Some buildings that are designated
     information; for example the                                                           changed views in the area brought
                                                 for their local importance will be
     publication in 2003 of LB Southwark’s                                                  about by the new buildings and
                                                 directly affected including 5-9 Stoney
     conservation area appraisals.                                                          viaduct, and by increased noise from
                                                 Street, the Borough Market roof and
                                                                                            the more frequent and longer trains.
     Aside from the slight benefits              11-15 Borough High Street (the latter
     potentially associated with publishing      to be replaced in accordance with the      The permanent loss of residential
     the findings of any prior investigations,   planning application).                     property in the area will be a loss
     archaeological effects associated with                                                 to the community, as will the loss of
                                                 Excavation and piling may impact
     the Borough Viaduct will be adverse.                                                   King’s medical clinic on Borough High
                                                 archaeological remains of national
                                                                                            Street and the Ticket Place on Railway
     The new viaduct will require the            importance, including Roman and
                                                                                            Approach, for which there are no
     demolition of the listed group of           medieval structures that might be
                                                                                            immediate local alternatives.
     buildings at 7 Bedale Street, 1, 3 and      preserved within the site.
     5 Green Dragon Court and 16-26

28
Environmental effects at
     London Bridge Station
       The scheme assessed in 2004 is             Proposed measures to calm traffic,         Reduced noise from train
       substantially different to that assessed   enhance pedestrian access and              “wheel squeal” is also predicted
       in 1999, Network Rail having now           control parking will all provide           at some locations.
       adopted the Masterplan proposals,          significant benefits for pedestrians.
                                                                                             Although some 40 jobs are expected
       which involve a complete                   With the improved visual
                                                                                             to be lost to the area around London
       redevelopment of London Bridge             environment on Tooley Street and
                                                                                             Bridge and Borough High Street as
       Station. Environmental impacts             St Thomas Street, the reduced noise
                                                                                             result of physical impacts on
       associated with Masterplan will offer      and the improved station facilities,
                                                                                             businesses, some 390 jobs will be
       substantial benefits compared with         the local community, including
                                                                                             created by new retail and other
       those reported for London Bridge in        Guy’s Hospital, will experience
                                                                                             facilities within the redeveloped
       1999 owing to the substantial              long-term benefits.
                                                                                             London Bridge Station.The scheme
       improvements at the station.
                                                  The new station will improve the           will in addition provide substantial
                                                  immediate townscape. In particular,        support for employment-generating
     Beneficial effects                           its façade on Tooley Street will           developments in the vicinity of
       There are numerous transport               enhance the setting of a number of         the station.
       benefits associated with the               listed buildings.The exposure of the
       development. Public transport will         existing internal brick vaults will       Adverse effects
       be greatly improved through the            enable greater appreciation of the
                                                                                             Disruption during construction from
       additional train services of Thameslink    original station structure.
                                                                                             noise, traffic and visual impacts will
       2000, as well as through improved
                                                  Changes in traffic flow that result        affect residents, office workers and
       facilities for interchange with buses,
                                                  from the loss of Stainer and Weston        tourists, particularly on St Thomas and
       taxis and the Underground.The new
                                                  streets will result in some significant    Tooley Streets, as well as at
       station will provide a significantly
                                                  noise reductions on parts of               Guy’s Hospital, which is likely to
       improved pedestrian environment
                                                  St Thomas Street and Tooley Street.        experience dust impacts in addition.
       that allows easier access between
       St Thomas Street and Tooley Street.

30
The closure of Stainer Street and        Piling and other excavations may
Weston Street will divert significant    cause impacts to locally important
amounts of traffic onto Bermondsey       archaeological remains that are
Street and Tooley Street during          believed to be preserved within
construction and in the long-term.       the site. Although not compensating
Closure of the bus station for about     for this, any prior archaeological
10 weekends during construction will     investigation that leads to publication
adversely affect passengers; this will   would be a benefit.
be mitigated however, by retaining up
                                         Construction work will have
to half the bus stands and by
                                         temporary impacts on the setting of
providing convenient and clearly
                                         some listed structures and on the
signposted alternatives nearby or by
                                         character of the conservation areas,
undertaking works at night.
                                         as well as on the overall townscape
In the long term, the Thameslink 2000    character. Long-term adverse effects
service will give rise to significant    on built heritage will include the loss
noise increases for a number of          of the listed train shed at its present
properties on London Bridge Street.      site.The demolition of the South
                                         Eastern Railway Offices on Tooley
The station redevelopment will
                                         Street will adversely affect the
potentially cause the permanent loss
                                         character of the conservation area
to the area of the Britain at
                                         and the setting of the listed
War Museum, which will constitute a
                                         Shipwright’s Arms pub.The over-
significant loss to the commercial and
                                         station office development will have
tourist community since there is no
                                         an adverse impact on the strategic
immediate alternative in the vicinity.
                                         view of St Paul’s from Parliament Hill.

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