The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece

 
CONTINUE READING
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
The European Commission’s science
      and knowledge service

        Joint Research Centre
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
Defining BAT under the Industrial
      Emissions Directive –
     History and Procedures

                                 Thomas Brinkmann
  European IPPC Bureau, European Commission's Joint Research Centre

  Workshop to Promote the Ratification of Technical Protocols of the UNECE Air Convention
    with Focus on Countries in the EECCA Region – 14 to 16 May 2019, Berlin, Germany

                                                                                            2
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
Outline

1 – The European IPPC Bureau
2 – The Industrial Emissions Directive
3 – The 'Sevilla Process'

                                         3
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
The European Integrated Pollution Prevention
and Control (IPPC) Bureau – EIPPCB
• Created in 1997
• Part of the European Commission's Joint Research
  Centre (JRC) (Circular Economy and Industrial
  Leadership Unit of the JRC's Directorate B – Growth
  and Innovation)
• Main output: BAT reference
  documents, the BREFs, and their key
  parts, the BAT conclusions
• 20 staff, of which 16 scientific and
  4 support staff

                                                        4
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
Outline

1 – The European IPPC Bureau
2 – The Industrial Emissions Directive
3 – The 'Sevilla Process'

                                         5
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (IED)

 • Key instrument for minimising
   emissions and consumption of
   industrial activities in Europe
 • General framework:
     prevent and, if not feasible, reduce pollution
    high level of protection for the environment as a
    whole
    permit based on Best Available Techniques (BAT)

                                                        6
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
Industrial scope of the IED
Wide range of industrial activities listed in Annex I:
• Energy industries
• Production and processing of metals
• Mineral industries
 Cement, Lime, Glass, Ceramics
• Production of chemicals
• Waste management industries
 Several recovery or disposal operations; incineration
• Other activities
 Pulp and paper; textile processing; tanning of hides and skins; intensive rearing
 of poultry or pigs; slaughterhouses and animal by-products; food, drink and milk;
 surface treatment using organic solvents

                                                                                     7
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
Environmental scope of the IED

                     emissions
      emissions
                      to water
        to air
                   waste prevention
      prevention     and recovery   energy &
      and control                   water use
      of accidents
                   vibration
                                       odour
      noise                    heat

                                                8
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
BAT in the IED

   IED Article 3(10):

     Best                  Available                 Techniques

                       Developed on a scale
Most effective in                                  Both the technology
                          which allows
achieving a high                                  used and the way the
                      implementation in the
 general level of                                     installation is
                    relevant industrial sector,
protection of the                                    designed, built,
                     under economically and
environment as a                                  maintained, operated
                        technically viable
     whole                                        and decommissioned
                            conditions

                                                                     9
The European Commission's science and knowledge service - Joint Research Centre - unece
Role of BAT conclusions in permitting

• IED Article 14(3): BAT conclusions are the
  reference for setting permit conditions of
  IED installations
• IED Article 15(3): Permits to contain
  emission limit values (ELVs) to ensure
  that, under normal operating conditions,
  emissions do not exceed BAT-associated
  emission levels (BAT-AELs)
• IED Article 15(4): Derogation from
  BAT‐AELs is only allowed in specific and
  justified cases

                                               10
Reconsideration/update of permit conditions

IED Article 21(3):
• Within four years of publication of BAT conclusions
  relating to the main activity of an installation:
  (a)reconsideration and, if necessary, update of all
      permit conditions
  (b)installation complies with those permit
      conditions
• Reconsideration shall take into account all the new
  or updated BAT conclusions

                                                        11
Outline

1 – The European IPPC Bureau
2 – The Industrial Emissions Directive
3 – The 'Sevilla Process'

                                         12
History of the 'Sevilla Process'

• Information exchange started in 1997 under the
  predecessor legislation, the IPPC Directive
• Several guidance documents for the information
  exchange were developed and updated under the IPPC
  Directive
• Information exchange was codified into law with
  Commission Implementing Decision 2012/119/EU
• Information exchange is coordinated by the EIPPCB
  based in Seville, hence called 'Sevilla Process'
• Continuous further evolution of the process (e.g. use of
  webinars, data assessment workshops)

                                                             13
The 'Sevilla Process'

           Industry                    TWG          EU Member States
                                                      + EEA countries
                                 kick-off meeting

                                    Draft 1 (D1)
        Bulk of info. needed        Draft 2 (D2)*        Comments
       (incl. questionnaires)

* D2 optional                   Final TWG meeting
Total duration:
• 24 – 29 months (without D2)        Final draft
• 29 – 39 months (with D2)                              BAT
                                                      conclu-
                                                       sions

                                                                        14
Evidence-based and participatory decision
making (1/3)

                           2. Select 'well-                 4. Collect plant-
 1. Installations in the     performing       3. Design       specific data
   EU (and outside)            plants'      questionnaire

  7. BREFs and BAT            6. Experts         5. Process and analyse
     conclusions              meeting(s)                data/info

                                                                                15
Evidence-based and participatory decision
making (2/3)
• Approximately 80 to 230 experts involved
• Kick-off meeting to decide on the scope, key environmental
  issues and the process (3 to 4 days)
• Process to draft questionnaire for collecting plant-specific
  information
• Commenting on draft BREFs: 500 to 8500 comments that are
  assessed individually
• Up to two data assessment workshops
• TWG subgroups on complex issues
• Final meetings (3 to 7 days) with up to 140 participants
• Transparency: BATIS and EIPPCB website

                                                                 16
TSS (mg/l)

                         0
                                    50
                                                               100
                                                                                                                150
                                                                                                                                                                          200
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                250
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   300

                    0
                   Ultraf 08 Bio
                    Ultraf       118 Bio
                       Sed 042 PC
                        SF 34 Bio

                    5
                 Filtr          117 PC

                                                                                                                                    NI

                                                                SF
                                                                                                                                                                            Filt

                                                                                                  PC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bio

                                                                                                                                                              Flot
                         NI 113 PC

                                                                                  Sed

                                             Ultraf
                       Filtr 105 Bio
                        SF        61 Bio

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Abbreviation
                       Sed        03 Bio

                    10
                          SF 01 Bio
                         NI 98 Bio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   < LOD: #69 (Bio)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   < 5 mg/l: #36 (Bio)

                       Sed 86 PC
                        Sed       63 Bio
                        Sed        62 Bio
                          NI 73 PC

                    15
                                                                                                                                                              Flotation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Meaning

                          NI       85 PC
                        Sed        67 PC

                                             Ultrafiltration
                                                                Sand filtration
                         Flot      75 Bio

                                                                                  Sedimentation
                         Sed 02 Bio
                         Sed 07 Bio

                    20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Biological treatment

                           NI       90 Bio
                         Sed 84 PC
                                                                                                                                    No information provided
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               making (3/3)

                         Sed 40 Bio
                          Sed 93 PC
                            NI      96 Bio

                    25
                            NI       95 PC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Effluent values not shown in the graph:

                          Sed 87 Bio
                                                                                                  Physico-chemical treatment only

                          Sed 54 Bio
                          Flot 21 Bio
                           Flot 33 Bio

                    30
                            SF 32 PC
                                                                                                                                                                            Filtration (includes Membrane bioreactor)

                           Flot 11 Bio
                           Sed 41 Bio
                           Sed 94 PC
                            Flot 64 Bio

                    35
                            Sed 19 Bio
                            Sed 79 PC
                            Sed 91 Bio
                            Flot 60 Bio

Number of WWTP
                              SF 115 PC
                    40
                            Sed 49 Bio
                               NI 92 Bio
                             Flot 10 Bio
                              SF 45 Bio
                    45

                             Sed 53 PC
                              SF 120 PC
                              Sed       041 Bio
                                NI 116 PC
                               Sed 27 PC
                                Flot 50 Bio
                    50

                                Sed 89 Bio
                                  NI 111 PC
                                   Sed 17 Bio
                                    Flot. 51 Bio
                                     Sed 70 Bio
                    55

                                     Sed 82 Bio
                                         NI 80 PC
                                        Sed 100 Bio
                                            Flot 29 Bio
                                              NT 119 PC
                    60

                                                NI 74 Bio
                                                 NI 83 Bio
                                                 Sed 48 Bio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             TSS emissions to water from the chemical sector

                                                  Sed 37 Bio
                                                       NI 101 Bio
                    65

                                                       Sed 47 Bio
                                                        Sed 57 Bio
                                                                NI 114 PC
                                                                  Sed 18 Bio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               NI 121 PC
                    70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 (yearly average)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sed 25 Bio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               BAT-AEL: 5 – 35 mg/l
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Evidence-based and participatory decision

17
BREF review progress under the IED (1/4)

14 BREFs reviewed and published, including BAT conclusions:
  1.   Iron and Steel Production (IS);
  2.   Manufacture of Glass (GLS);
  3.   Tanning of Hides and Skins (TAN);
  4.   Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium Oxide (CLM);
  5.   Production of Chlor-Alkali (CAK);
  6.   Production of Pulp, Paper and Board (PP);
  7.   Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas (REF);
  8.   Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/
       Management Systems in the Chemical Sector (CWW);
  …

                                                               18
BREF review progress under the IED (2/4)
  …
  9.   Wood-Based Panels Production (WBP);
  10. Non-ferrous Metals Industries (NFM);
  11. Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs (IRPP);
  12. Large Combustion Plants (LCP);
  13. Production of Large Volume Organic Chemicals (LVOC);
  14. Waste Treatment (WT).

1 Reference report published:
  • Monitoring of Emissions to Air and Water from IED
    Installations (ROM).

                                                             19
BREF review progress under the IED (3/4)

8 BREFs being worked upon:
  1.   Food, Drink and Milk Industries (FDM);
  2.   Waste Incineration (WI);
  3.   Surface Treatment using Organic Solvents/Wood
       Preservation with Chemicals (STS);
  4.   Ferrous Metals Processing Industry (FMP);
  5.   Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical
       Sector (WGC);
  6.   Textiles Industry (TXT);
  7.   Slaughterhouses and Animal By-products Industries (SA);
  8.   Smitheries and Foundries Industry (SF).

                                                                 20
BREF review progress under the IED (4/4)

Work on 3 more BREFs to start in 2019 to 2020:
  1.   Ceramics Manufacturing Industry (CER);
  2.   Surface Treatment of Metals and Plastics (STM);
  3.   Production of Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals (LVIC).

                                                                21
Ongoing challenges

• Management of input
• Time-consuming process
• Transparency
• Where and how to focus?
• Involvement of equipment suppliers
• Achieving consensus in marathon-like meetings
• High staff turnover and need for qualified staff

                                                     22
Key messages on the 'Sevilla Process'

• Highly participatory, transparent and fact-based
  process
• Process evolved and matured over 20 years
• Consensus that the process is fit for purpose
• Good results depend on good data

                                                     23
Further information

• Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
  content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32010L0075
• Commission Implementing Decision 2012/119/EU on the 'Sevilla Process':
  https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32012D0119
• BREFs, draft BREFs, BAT conclusions and TWG kick-off meeting reports:
  http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/
• Documents of the IED Article 13 Forum (e.g. work programme on the exchange
  of information), of the IED Article 75 Committee, of the Industrial Emissions
  Expert Group as well as other IED-related studies:
  https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/1d945fd8-0d7e-4418-bac4-1c2f4a91af3e
• Website of the European Commission's Directorate General for Environment on
  industrial emissions:
  http://ec.europa.eu/environment/industry/stationary/index.htm

                                                                                  24
Any questions?
You can contact us at jrc-b5-eippcb@ec.europa.eu

                                                   25
You can also read