UL 1446 Standard of Systems of Insulating Materials - The New 7th Edition - Mark Raymond Principal Engineer Visit us at Hall 2.1, Booth 21E41
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UL 1446 Standard of Systems
of Insulating Materials – The
New 7th Edition
Mark Raymond
Principal Engineer
www.coilwindingexpo.com/ berlin/ 2 0 -2 2 June 2 0 1 7
Visit us at Hall 2.1, Booth 21E41
© 2014 UL LLC.
Objectives
• What is an Electrical Insulation System
• A Brief History of Electrical Insulation Systems
• Why Revise UL 1446?
• UL 1446 7th Edition
• Future Plans for UL 1446
• Defined Life Thermal Aging of EIS
Slide 2
Insulation System Definition
Electrical Insulation System
(EIS) – Electrical insulating
structure containing one or
more electrical insulating
materials (EIM) together with
associated conducting parts
employed in an
electrotechnical device
Example - the combination
of an enameled magnet wire,
molded bobbin ground and
interwinding insulation, and
impregnating resin in a
transformer
Slide 3
EIS Components
Electrical Insulating Materials
(EIM) – Materials relied on in
the EIS to prevent risk of
electric shock and dielectric
breakdown (formerly known as
Major Components)
Non-electrical Insulating
Materials (NIM) – Materials
used for mechanical or thermal
applications and not relied on to
prevent electric shock or
dielectric breakdown (formerly
known as Minor Components)
Slide 4
History of Electrical Insulation Systems
Need to know
the effects of 1958 US Navy
Temperature sponsored
on Electrical Round Robin
Insulation But how will it EIS testing
perform?
US Navy ships
have limited space Establish
and smaller equip- Thermal
ment was needed Compare new aging test
to allow for more materials with procedure
room existing known to allow
service life comparison
materials
Slide 5
History of Electrical Insulation Systems
Functional Evaluation of
Motorette Insulation Reliability Prediction
Systems - March 1959; Studies on Electrical
Brancato, Johnson, Insulation: Navy
Campbell & Walker Summary Report - July
1977; Brancato, Johnson,
Campbell & Walker
Military Specification
MIL-E-917D (Navy),
covering the basic
IEEE 117 - IEEE Standard requirements of
Test Procedure for electrical power
Evaluation of Systems of equipment for naval
Insulating Materials for shipboard use
Random-Wound AC
Electrical Machinery
Slide 6
History of Electrical Insulation Systems
A material that is classified as suitable for a
given temperature may be found suitable for
a different temperature, either higher or lower,
”
by an insulation system test procedure.
“ (para. 3.5.2.1.10)
Slide 7
History of Electrical Insulation Systems
Study(1) conducted Test data from 30 EIS Aging tests were reviewed
comparing EIM
15 (50%) were rated higher than the lowest EIM rating
ratings vs. EIS
thermal ratings 14 (47%) were rated lower than the lowest EIM rating
established by Full
Thermal Aging 1 (3%) were rated the same as the lowest EIM rating
This study supports the value in thermal evaluation of an EIS as a complete
system rather than relying upon individual EIM ratings alone to determine
thermal class for the system
(1) “Material Thermal Class Ratings vs EIS Thermal Class Rating,” Eltek International Laboratories, April 2015.
Slide 8
What is UL 1446?
UL 1446
Standard of First Edition Makes Use of Provides
Insulating of UL 1446 Existing Guidance on
Materials – Published Standards for Substitution
General June 1978 Evaluation of of Materials
EIS and EIM,
predominately
IEC standards
Slide 9
UL 1446 Standards Technical Panel (STP)
• Accredited Standards Developer
An organization that meets the ANSI Procedures for the
Development and Coordination of American National
Standards, and has been approved by the ANSI Executive
Standards Council (ExSC) for the development of American
National Standards.
• ANSI
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a
private nonprofit organization that coordinates and
administers the U.S. voluntary standards and conformity
assessment system. ANSI also coordinates the U.S.
participation in the development of international standards.
Slide 10UL 1446 Standards Technical Panel (STP)
Consist of members representing various
categories
• Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
• Commercial/Industrial User
• Consumer
• General
• Government
• International Delegate
• Producer
• Supply Chain
• Testing & Standards
Slide 11UL 1446 Standards Technical Panel (STP)
Updated: 2016/02/26
Slide 12UL 1446 Standards Technical Panel (STP)
• UL has only 1 of the 22 votes
• The STP structure gives industry and other
interests strong influence in the standards
development process
Slide 13Why Revise UL 1446 Standard?
• Scope was limiting
• Removed Reference to voltages
• Allows for expansion outside of low voltage and
consumer applications
• Test methods referenced
• US based ASTM Standards
• Add IEC methods as Primary reference
• Focus on internationally accepted test methods
Slide 14Why Revise UL 1446 Standard?
• Confusing Terminology
• Motorette = General Purpose Model (GPM)
• Major Component = Electrical Insulating
Material (EIM)
• Minor Component = Non-electrical Insulating
Material (NIM)
Slide 15Why Revise UL 1446 Standard?
• Difficult to find Requirements
• Reorganize the Structure of the Standard
• Needs Logical Progression
• Add Clarification
Slide 16UL 1446 Standard Update
UL 1446 7th Edition Changes in 7th Edition:
Published • Reorganize the sections into a logical flow
November 11, 2016 sequence
• Retain sections 1-4 in same location with these
changes:
• Scope – revised to remove voltage limitation
• Addition of considerations for High Voltage
EIS
• IEC standards added and are preferred test
method
• Glossary updated for clarity
• Major = Electrical Insulating Material (EIM)
• Minor = Non-electrical Insulating Material
(NIM)
Slide 17UL 1446 Standard Update
UL 1446 7th Edition
Published
November 11, 2016
Changes in 7th Edition:
•Section 5 - EIS Performance
Criteria
•Section 6 - Performance
tests: Full Thermal aging of
EIS – IEC 61857 (all parts)
Slide 18UL 1446 Standard Update
• Section SA Substitution and
UL 1446 7th Edition
modification to EIS guidelines
Published
• SA4 - Magnet wire substitution
November 11, 2016
• SA5 - Varnish substitution
• SA6 - Ground and Interwinding
Insulation and Encapsulant
substitution
• SA7 –One temperature thermal
aging
• SA8 – Two temperature thermal
aging
• SA9 – Sealed Tube Chemical
Compatibility test
• SA10 – Infrared Analysis test
Slide 19UL 1446 Standard Update
UL 1446 7th Edition • Section SB Magnet Wire and
Published Magnet Wire Coatings
November 11, 2016 • SB1-4 – Introduction, scope and
evaluation requirements
• SB5 – Magnet wire and coatings
performance tests
• Thermal aging
• Full (3 temperatures)
• 1 temperature
• Heat shock
• Dielectric
• IR analysis of chemistry
Slide 20UL 1446 Standard Update
UL 1446 7th Edition
• Section SC Varnishes and Impregnating
Published Resins
November 11, 2016
• SC1- Scope
• SC2 – Varnish requirements
• SC3 – Varnish Thermal Aging test
Slide 21UL 1446 Standard Update
UL 1446 7th Edition • Appendix A – Information for Magnet
Published Wire Substitution
November 11, 2016 • Includes NEMA and IEC types
Slide 22UL 1446 Standard Update – Future Plans
UL 1446 7th Edition • Adding requirements and test methods
for High Voltage insulation system
Published
testing directly into UL 1446
November 11, 2016
• Currently HV requirements and tests
are certified by using other standards
• IEEE C57.12.60
• IEEE 1776
• IEC 60034-18-31
• Adding methods to UL 1446 will help all
parties understand what tests are
needed for all EIS type evaluations.
• Add requirements and guidance when
using IEC 61857-31 “Applications with
a designed life of 5000 h or less”
Slide 23New IEC Standard Issued in This Year
• IEC 61857-31 “Electrical insulation systems –
Procedures for thermal evaluation – Part 31:
Applications with a designed life of 5000 h or less”
was published on January 24, 2017
• The dilemma for manufacturer is having a product
with a design life far less than what is established for
a traditional full thermally aged EIS
• Why use costly materials that will meet higher
temperature ratings in a product that will never be
used for the life established by FTA testing?
• With limited life the ability to use less expensive
materials at higher temperatures is now feasible and
can be evaluated with an abbreviated thermal aging
program
24What Is Meant By Design Life?
• For an EIS evaluation this is interpreted as
operational “on” time
• For example, if a household appliance
with a motor that is designed to only be
used for 30 minutes a day, that would
roughly be equal to 200 hours of use a
year or 2000 hours after 10 years
• The non-operational “off” time when the
appliance is not in use, is not included in
the EIS design life rating
Slide 25Defined Life Thermal Aging (DLTA) Program
• Evaluate for a thermal endurance rating
• 130°C
• Specific hour ratings that will be
• 155°C issued:
• 180°C • 1,500 hrs
• 200°C • 2,500 hrs
• 220°C • 4,000 hrs Example:
• 240°C • 5,000 hrs 155ºC/2500h
• UL can review existing FTA data to determine if
a higher thermal rating can be issued with a
shorter life expectancy.
26DLTA Requirements
• Test program covered • Test Program follows the
under IEC 61857 Part 31: same cycling as existing
“Applications with a UL 1446 FTA program
designed life less than
5000 hours”
• This test is carried out on
General Purpose Models
27DLTA Requirements Two Paths
• Procedure A and B – • Procedure C –
• 1-temperature aging • 2-temperature aging
• Aging temperature to be 10 ºK • The aging temperatures for:
above design temperature • the lower temperature shall be 20 to 30
ºK above the expected thermal class
• Follow standard procedures, cycle value and
to be set at 168 hours
• the higher ageing temperature shall be
• Minimum 1500hr rating requirement 30 to 35 ºK above the expected thermal
(Procedure A); Can be extended to class value
5000hrs (Procedure B) • Can be used for up to 5000 hours
• Life rating is equal to ageing time or (1500 hr minimum still applies)
average life if failures occurred • Use the ageing test time results from
both ageing temperatures and plot
them as a linear expression and
intercept at the desired thermal
rating to determine life hours
28DLTA Benefits
• Provide an alternative investigation path for end-product manufactures
interested in certifying magnetics for short-term life expectancies.
• Ability to evaluate a new electrical insulation system in a shorter time
frame (3-4 months vs. 12+ months)
• Ability to evaluate less costly materials for higher temperature
conditions
• Ability to get a higher thermal rating for existing full thermally aged EIS
• higher temperatures means smaller device means lower costs
• Ability to certify new EIS for less cost and sample preparation
• Ability to use short term Chemical Compatibility Test to add non-
electrical insulating materials (NIM)
• Industry accepted global IEC Test Method
29UL 1446 Standard Of Systems
of Insulating Materials – The
New 7th Edition
Thank You!
Any Questions?
www.coilwindingexpo.com/ berlin/ 2 0 -2 2 June 2 0 1 7
Visit us at Hall 2.1, Booth 21E41
© 2014 UL LLC.You can also read
