Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector - 11 July 2019 - Deloitte

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector - 11 July 2019 - Deloitte
Virtual, augmented, and
mixed reality for defence
and the public sector
11 July 2019
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector - 11 July 2019 - Deloitte
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector - 11 July 2019 - Deloitte
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Contents
Messages from PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry                                           4

Foreword by Deloitte                                                                         7

Introduction and overview                                                                    9

The world of digital reality, market adoptions, and global applications                    11
    Virtual reality                                                                        11
    Augmented reality                                                                      11
    Mixed reality                                                                          11
    360° videos                                                                            11
    Immersive technologies                                                                 12

Digital reality ecosystem enabling success stories                                         15
    Global players in the digital reality space                                            15
    Indian players in the digital reality space                                            15

Digital reality applications in defence                                                    19
    AR applications in defence                                                             19
    VR applications in defence                                                             19
    Digital reality use cases applicable to defence                                        20

Comparison of digital reality headsets                                                     23
    Mobile-based VR headsets                                                               23
    Desktop/PC-based VR headsets                                                           23
    Standalone VR headsets                                                                 23
    AR headsets                                                                            23
    MR headsets                                                                            23

Potential barriers to adoption in defence applications                                     25
    Overcoming challenges to create a digital reality for defence                          25

Flying high in a digital sky                                                               29

About Deloitte                                                                             30

About PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry                                                 31

Endnotes                                                                                   32

References                                                                                 33

Acknowledgements                                                                           34

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector - 11 July 2019 - Deloitte
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

From the President’s Desk,
PHD Chamber of Commerce
and Industry
                                                  PHD Chamber of Commerce and                       The Innovations for Defence Excellence
                                                  Industry’s ‘VR AR for Defence and Public          (iDEX) focuses on creating an ecosystem
                                                  Sector Summit’, to be organised on 11 July        to foster innovation and technology
                                                  2019 at PHD House, New Delhi, plans to            development in the defence and
                                                  showcase the significance of Industry 4.0         aerospace sectors, and provides immense
                                                  technologies as a harbinger for growth of         opportunities for micro, small, and
                                                  the Indian industry.                              medium enterprises, start-ups, individual
                                                                                                    innovators, and R&D institutes to imbibe
                                                  India’s transformative journey of Industry        AR and VR technologies into their
                                                  4.0 is evolving fast to tackle the disruptive     operations to enable the military to use
                                                  changes that industries may encounter in          these technologies in the future. Defence-
Rajeev Talwar                                     the next decade. As opined by our prime           tech start-ups are being engaged to work
                                                  minister, this fusion of physical, digital, and   on several high-end technologies, including
                                                  biological spheres towards technological          new materials in armour, electronic
                                                  transformation of global production               warfare solutions, anti-drone technologies,
                                                  systems using tools of Artificial Intelligence    and armour piercing incendiary rounds.
                                                  (AI), Robotics, Machine Learning (ML),
                                                  Internet of Things, Blockchain, and Big           With the adoption of Industry 4.0, an
                                                  Data hold the potential to take India to          incremental rise in hi-tech manufacturing
                                                  greater heights.                                  can be visualised, thus increasing the share
                                                                                                    of digitised manufacturing to 25 percent
                                                  The huge potential of augmented reality           by 2022. With the help of AI and Robotics,
                                                  (AR)/virtual reality (VR) can be tapped           new ideas will be used to build model
                                                  to create large volume simulation                 patterns that can be quickly converted
                                                  environments for military and paramilitary        into mass products. With new hardware
                                                  domains by simultaneously embracing               and technologies, AR and VR can bring
                                                  technologies such as AI and Industry 4.0          value to enterprises in multiple domains
                                                  across functions (such as manufacturing,          by revolutionising manufacturing and
                                                  supply chain, logistics, and procurement)         providing manufacturers an opportunity
                                                  and providing an immersive way for                to use advanced manufacturing
                                                  training and optimising operations. With          capabilities and information technology
                                                  more than a hundred AR/VR start-ups               throughout the product lifecycle.
                                                  set up in the past two years, the AR/VR
                                                  market in India is expected to register a         I am sure that this knowledge report
                                                  compounded annual growth rate of more             would serve as a useful reference guide
                                                  than 50 percent in the next five years.           for stakeholders of public and private
                                                                                                    companies and provide them information
                                                  That said, AR will be used to equip military      about the incorporation of new
                                                  officials with “computer vision technology”       technologies in the industry that would
                                                  to help with equipment maintenance and            help contribute towards the progress of
                                                  repair. The VR technology could enable            new India
                                                  military officials to digitally capture
                                                  landscapes during times of crisis such as
                                                  war, devastation, or in the aftermath of
                                                  bombing — and share those environments
                                                  virtually with remote personnel to better
                                                  plan personnel deployment and crisis              Rajeev Talwar
                                                  management strategies.
4
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector - 11 July 2019 - Deloitte
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

From the Secretary General’s
Desk, PHD Chamber of
Commerce and Industry
                    Being a proactive National Apex                police forces, DRDO labs, CSIR labs,
                    Chamber, PHD Chamber of Commerce               PSUs, and Indian Railways will benefit
                    and Industry is at the forefront               immensely from the day-long summit
                    of encouraging adoption of new                 and will go back with a fair idea about
                    technologies and innovations in the            the potential of VR and AR and how
                    public and private sectors to become           to begin implementing these in their
                    more efficient and competitive. VR and         respective organisations.
                    AR technologies have revolutionised the
                    design of new computing platforms to           I wish the summit success and am
                    replicate the real environment by pushing      thankful to the Ministry of Defence, and
                    the limits of technologies in processing,      the Ministry of Electronics and IT for
Dr Mahesh Y Reddy
                    sensing, and displays. VR and AR               their support. PHD Chamber intends to
                    technologies are ideal for defence sector      encourage innovations and start-ups.
                    applications, public-sector units (PSUs)       It also supports building capacity for
                    and central police forces, and research        various new and emerging technologies
                    in science and technology to gain              for a better economic growth
                    experience of high-risk environments           of the country.
                    from the convenience of research labs.

                    This summit aims to sensitise
                    stakeholders on applications of VR, AR,
                    and mixed reality (MR). Representatives
                    from the Indian Army, paramilitary,            Dr Mahesh Y Reddy

                                                                                                                  5
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector - 11 July 2019 - Deloitte
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

6
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector - 11 July 2019 - Deloitte
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Foreword by Deloitte
                      India is the hotspot of digital innovation       increased significantly. In fact, the size
                      across sectors and stands on the cusp of         of the AR market and the VR market is
                      the fourth industrial revolution (Industry       expected to reach US$ 70-75 billion and
                      4.0) with new-age technologies, which            US$ 10-15 billion by 2023, respectively.1
                      are disruptive and poised to have a deep         We, at Deloitte, are engaged in being
                      impact on the way we live and work.              part of this journey and actively using
                      From AI and Industry 4.0 to digital reality,     the experience of our member firms
                      digital forces continue to disrupt business      globally to tailor solutions to suit the
                      operations. Wearing a computer screen            Indian context.
                      on your face is something only a gamer
                      or tech enthusiast could love. However,          This report primarily focuses on myriad
Rakesh Barik
                      headsets and other devices that create           applications of digital reality in the
Partner, Consulting
                      mobile, virtual, or AI experiences, are          defence sector where we have tried to
Deloitte India
                      being seen in places other than labs and         understand how start-ups are influencing
                      gaming centres.                                  this development. The report also
                                                                       explores different elements of technology
                      There are multiple use cases where               and how they are being adopted
                      the deployment of digital reality                by the industry.
                      solutions help organisations introduce
                      productivity-enhancing features, such as         We are thankful to the PHD Chamber of
                      remote guidance through telepresence             Commerce and Industry, India for giving
                      and immersive interactions for                   us an opportunity to be the Knowledge
                      collaboration in a virtual sandbox. These        Partner for this summit. We are confident
                      enhance safety and reduce training costs.        that the summit and this report will help
                      Disaster response teams are also seen            generate more awareness on digital
                      to have benefited from digital reality           reality, and express our best wishes for
                      technologies; the police, firefighting,          stimulating discussions between the
                      and engineering teams have used these            government, and the industry and start-
                      technologies to create disaster maps and         up ecosystem as an outcome of the event.
                      locate hotspots for quick response.

                      Further, the number of players
                      (organisations and start-ups) working in
                      the digital space and their revenue have         Rakesh Barik

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

8
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Introduction and overview
Digital reality has moved from being a                          As expected, the digital reality market             also led by big players, such as Apple with
futuristic concept, residing only in video                      is soaring given the ground-breaking                ARKit, which was launched in competition
games and sci-fi movies, to a collection                        opportunities offered by the field. In fact,        with Google’s ARCore. Alongside these
of engaging, immersive, multisensory                            by 2023, the global revenue for mobile              prominent names, a booming ecosystem
technologies that replace aspects of the                        AR and smart glasses is projected to be             of start-ups is eager to make a mark in
real world with digital elements. From                          between US$ 70 billion and US$ 75 billion,          the digital reality space.
the use of AR-enabled filters on social                         while that of VR (mobile, standalone,
media to VR video game headsets, digital                        console, and PC) is projected to be                 However, much of what we see today
reality is becoming entrenched in the way                       between US$ 10 billion and US$ 15 billion.          of digital reality has its commercial
people interact with the world.                                                                                     roots in investments and developments
                                                                Industry experts posit that unlike other            the military made in exploring this
Digital reality as a concept has been                           exponential technologies AR and VR                  technology’s different facets. Therefore,
around for a long time. It has picked up                        have travelled across the frame of                  it is important to study the current
only recently, with a slew of investments                       experimentation and are moving towards              applications of digital reality in the
made in both hardware and software                              higher adoption (highlighted in Figure 1).          defence sector and what the future holds.
applications. Consequently, various                                                                                 This paper tries to assess the existing
digital reality applications are available                      The hardware and software capabilities              landscape of digital reality, examine the
for organisations to adopt − in the                             of certain key players are driving                  range of start-ups operating in this space,
form of immersive learning, enhanced                            growth of the digital reality market. The           and take a deep dive into its scope in the
consumer experience, design and                                 hardware market is relatively captured              arena of defence in the future.
analysis, guidance and collaboration,                           by larger organisations, such as Facebook
equipment maintenance, media, or                                with Oculus (a range of headsets) and
other applications.                                             HTC with Vive. The software market is

Figure 1: The hype maybe waning, but real opportunity is growing

                                                       Deep neural nets
                                                        (deep learning)
                                 Digital twin
                                    Biochips                           Carbon nanotube
                            Smart workspace                            IoT platform
                    Brain-computer interface                              Virtual assistants
                   Autonomous mobile robots                                Silicon anode batteries
                               Smart robots                                 Blockchain
                                                         Deep neural
                                                         network ASICs         Connected home
Expectations

                                        AI PaaS
                                                       Quantum                 Autonomous driving level 4
                                        5G             computing
                      Self-healing system             Volumetric displays       Mixed reality
                              technology             Conversational
                Autonomous driving level 5           AI platform
                                                    Edge AI
                            Exoskeleton
                                                   Blockchain for
                Neuromorphic hardware              data security
                                                  Knowledge graphs                  Smart fabrics
                          4D printing                                                                               Virtual reality

                                            Artificial general intelligence
               Flying autonomous
                     vehicles                                                          Augmented reality
                                     Smart dust
                                   Biotech – cultured or artificial tissue                                                                                Time
                                    Innovation         Peak of inflated              Trough of                       Slope of               Plateau of
                                      trigger           expectations              disillusionment                enlightenment             productivity

                            Plateau will be reached in:         2 to 5 years      5 to 10 years     More than 10 years                         As of August 2018
Source: https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-08-20-gartner-identifies-five-emerging-technology-trends-that-will-blur-the-lines-
between-human-and-machine2
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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

The world of digital reality,
market adoptions, and global
applications
Digital reality has many facets, including       Augmented reality (AR)                          operators.4 The technology improved
VR, AR, mixed reality, 360° video, and           AR refers to the overlaying of virtual          the process of providing feedback and
now even extended reality. However,              content onto elements from the real             increased workers’ speed. The findings
what they mean and what differentiates           world. In this scenario, the real world         of both the Boeing and GE studies are
them determine how they bring digital            is central, while digital details are           summarised in Figure 2.
information to people.                           layered in to supplement reality. A
                                                 typical AR experience involves features         Mixed reality (MR)
Virtual reality (VR)                             such as transparent optics and a                MR is a technology that marries both
VR involves creating an entirely digitally       viewable environment.                           AR and VR, creating a seamless blend
rendered, immersive environment                                                                  between real-world elements and virtual
in lieu of stimuli from the real world.          AR has numerous business applications.          content. Advanced sensors for spatial
Body-tracking and motion-tracking                For instance, Boeing improved its               awareness and gesture recognition are
capabilities are core features, allowing         productivity considerably using AR              core components of MR applications.
a user to manipulate and move objects            glasses in its wiring harness assembly          MR applications have mostly been
using haptic controllers, head-mounted           procedures.3 Looking into glasses,              restricted to enterprise users, especially
displays, and headsets. In 2016, one of          technicians on the project were able            in the domains of manufacturing and
the world’s leading retailers launched a         to view real-time, hands-free, and              education.
VR app for its store to improve in-store         interactive 3D wiring diagrams that
design and product placement, allowing           guided them through the process                 360° videos
customers to make more informed                  in a way that minimises errors.                 These videos are captured with omni-
product decisions. The organisation                                                              directional cameras or a collection of
claims that the test app has helped              Similarly, GE deployed an Xbox console          cameras, such that they allow viewers to
generate 1,200 articles across the world         and connected Kinect motion tracker             look in all directions. A social media major
since its launch.                                in a factory that projected work                launched a commonly used application
                                                 instructions onto assembly parts, and           that allowed users to view a photograph
                                                 relayed visual and sensory feedback to          as a video.

Figure 2: Findings from Boeing and GE experiments using AR

                                                        The industry says it works

A study conducted by                          And at GE Healthcare, a warehouse worker                             Additionally, several other
Boeing showed that AR                         receiving a new picklist order through AR                            firms show an average
                                                                                                                   productivity improvement
improved productivity in                      completed the task 46%    faster than when using
wiring harness assembly                       the standard process, which relies on a paper list                   of approximate    30%.
by   25%.                                     and item searches on a workstation.

Source: National Training Laboratories, USA

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Immersive technologies                                content, and MR blends virtual content
These consist of multisensory digital                 into the real world so that the two can
experiences involving AR, VR, MR, and                 interact. Further, 360° video adds a
360° videos.                                          different perspective to a video and
                                                      immersive technologies create an
To summarise, VR creates a digital                    entirely multisensory digital experience
environment, AR modifies existing                     for a viewer.5
environment with digitally created

Figure 3: Industrial applications for AR and VR

Enterprise category            What                                        Where                               Potential results

Guidance and                   Provide workers with visual cues to         Aerospace and defence,              Improved productivity,
collaboration                  help them perform tasks such as             automotive, construction,           streamlined work progress,
                               maintenance, repair, or assembly            health care providers,              reduced risk, and cross-
                                                                           industrial products, oil and gas,   geographic collaboration
                                                                           power and utilities, technology

Immersive learning             Immerse the personnel in realistic          Consumer products, health           Stronger retention of material,
                               training environments that are either       care providers, higher              reduced risk, cost savings,
                               high-cost or high risk; variations          education, and industrial           and improved therapeutic
                               include addressing PTSD, phobias,           products                            outcomes
                               and their medical issues

Enhanced consumer              Enhance customers’ experience by            Automotive, banking and             Better customer engagement,
experience                     providing customised or unique              securities, consumer products,      increased marketing
                               methods to interact with the                health care providers,              opportunities, increased
                               company, brand, or its products             industrial products, media          sales, and enhanced brand
                                                                           and entertainment, travel,          positioning
                                                                           hospitality, and other services

Design and analysis            Enable knowledge workers to assess          Aerospace and defence,              Cost savings, increased
                               design ideas virtually and/or analyse       automotive, construction,           efficiency, earlier detection of
                               data in new formats                         higher education, industrial        design flaws, new methods
                                                                           products, real estate, and          to analyse data, and generate
                                                                           technology                          insights
Source: Deloitte Analysis on Applications of AR and VR Technologies6

These technologies have found                         operations, these industries have seen
resonance with a variety of industries                tangible business outcomes, such as
ranging from aerospace, automotive,                   enhanced productivity and collaboration,
healthcare, and education, to real estate             improved sales, better customer
and energy resources. By integrating                  engagement, improved data analysis,
these technologies into their business                insights generation, and low risks and
functions and service offerings and                   operational costs.

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Digital reality ecosystem
enabling success stories
From modernising tactical training for         Figure 4: Deloitte analysis on Tracxn.com data based on their sector report on AR
soldiers and worker training in industries     (April 2019)
for optimising internal business functions     Investments ($M) and number of rounds in AR; 2012−2019
to disrupting the way people engage                      1400                                                                                          80
with social media, gaming, and brands,                                                                       $1.2 B                                    70
                                                         1200
the scope of digital reality is extensive.
                                                                                                                                                       60
                                                         1000
Both global and local players are actively                                                                                        $931 M
                                             $ Funding

                                                                                                                                                            # Rounds
                                                                                                                        $799 M                         50
involved in developing relevant solutions                 800                          $715 M
                                                                                                                                                       40
for the industry.                                         600
                                                                                                                                                       30
                                                          400                                    $348 M
Global players in the digital                                                                                                                          20
reality space                                             200
                                                                            $79 M
                                                                                                                                                       10
                                                                  $44 M                                                                      $83 M
Some of the larger global players, such                      0                                                                                         0
                                                                  2012       2013       2014      2015       2016        2017         2018   2019*
as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, and HTC,
are widely known for providing hardware                                                             3 year CAGR       39% $ Funding

and software elements to accelerate the                               6 year CAGR     66% $ Funding               4% # Funding
development of digital reality. However,
                                                                                             24% # Funding
a plethora of start-ups also provide
revolutionary solutions in sectors such as               $ Funding        # Rounds         Predicted $ Funding         Predicted # Rounds    * Until April’2019
police and administration, surveillance,       Note: Funding excludes grant, debt, and post-IPO rounds. Excludes funding information of Chinese
entertainment, and real estate.                companies

The industry has seen significant              Figure 5: Deloitte analysis on Tracxn.com data based on their sector report on AR
investment in start-ups operating in the       (April 2019)
digital reality space across the globe. It     Investments ($M) and number of rounds in AR
has received high investments over the
past three years. Interestingly, some of                                                        Total funding                                     # Rounds
these start-ups are backed by Google                             US                                                                     $3.5 B        242
Ventures and Samsung, underscoring the
interconnected nature of this ecosystem.                  Europe                                      $415 M                                           96
In 2018 alone, start-ups raised
US$ 931 million, up from US$ 799 million                   Israel                           $286 M                                                     34
in the preceding year (an increase of ~17
percent), as presented in Figure 4.                      Canada           $48.9 M                                                                      12

Indian players in the digital                             Taiwan      $27.2 M                                                                           2
reality space
India too has seen a strong interest in                    Japan $10.6 M                                                                                7
developing digital reality applications.
The country is among the top eight                          India $10 M                                                                                24
regions in terms of total funding received
by AR start-ups across the globe, with         South Korea $6.6 M                                                                                       4
Israel and the US featuring at the top of
the list (depicted in Figure 5).               Source: Deloitte analysis on Tracxn.com data based on their sector report on AR
                                               (April 2019)
                                               Note: Excludes funding information of Chinese companies
                                                                                                                                                            15
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

AR has consistently seen higher revenues            equipped with zoom features, facial
over the past few quarters, and future              recognition, and calibration with rifles,
projections too seem bent towards                   to combat terror situations in crowded
AR, with reports projecting the global              settings. He also delineates another
revenue for AR to hit US$ 70-75 billion             use case: creating ground zero training
by 2023.7                                           scenarios to enhance the field experience
                                                    for police and army officials. According to
Despite uptake in the adoption of VR-               him, “This is similar to modern day chess
based products, such as head-mounted                players, who train themselves by playing
display among end-users (manufacturing,             various games against AI-powered
automotive, and consumer electronics),              software.”
the VR market in India is seeing a tepid
response. Organisations are only in the             However, the journey of digital reality
early stages of AR and VR adoption,                 start-ups has not been smooth,
with many in the initial stage of proof of          with a lack of resources and right
concept and ROI justification.                      skill sets posing a challenge. With
                                                    limited universities offering courses
The majority of start-ups are working               in this domain, there are not enough
on vertical-focused solutions for                   professionals who can take up these
specific industries, such as real estate,           roles. Low rates of adoption by clients is
hospitality, gaming, and retail, but the            also seen to be a stumbling block.
uptake is slow. Organisations struggle
to measure ROI, and determine the right             According to Munish Dhiman, founder
model for partnerships, pricing, and                and CEO at Gesture Research, while
content. Consequently, to know what                 digital reality as a field is picking up,
will benefit them in the long run, Indian           people do not always perceive it as being
establishments have been exploring                  ready for operational use at a mass
solutions in this domain with the                   scale. It is still considered experimental.
help of start-ups.                                  Nonetheless, he proposes a solution
                                                    to address this issue: “This gap can be
One such start-up is Digital Agents                 fulfilled by knowledge sharing sessions
Interactive Private Limited, which has              and expert discussions to precisely
been involved in collaborating with the             define the use cases and expectation
defence forces of the country. Founder              from digital reality. Having digital
Mohit Ramani, while speaking to Deloitte,           transformation labs with an intent to
articulated how he had a clear view of              mature the technology in-house to make
the problem statement he was looking                it more useful can be a good idea to
to solve, and developed defence-specific            get started.” He also suggests several
solutions that have been successfully               potential applications of digital reality
deployed by various departments.                    in military operations, such as plastic
                                                    models for terrain visualisation and
Atul Rai, founder of Staqu Technologies,            planning, centralised simulated facilities,
highlighted that India loses US$1 trillion          digital planning tables linked to satellite
of its GDP annually to violence and                 data for real-time terrain visualisation,
criminal activities.8 He explained that's           and doctors performing virtual surgeries.
why he set his mind to address this
problem with the help of technology.                Fortunately, over the past few years, the
Through his AI-and AR-based solutions,              pace of technological development has
he has been instrumental in aiding                  started to match that of the application
government authorities to address                   development in the market. This points
issues of homeland security and                     to a brighter future for the stakeholders
defence over the past two years. Rai lists          involved in the digital reality ecosystem.
various applications for digital reality in
homeland security, such as smart glasses

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

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Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Digital reality
applications in defence
The US Department of Defence spends           to ground forces, and lead to significantly         situation (without stopping to look at
about US$ 14 billion annually on synthetic    faster problem-solving and lower error              screens and coordinates).
digital training for personnel.9 Moreover,    rates. The medium of information is
the AR market in the military domain is       more secure and now considered the                  A 2019 Deloitte study (Refer to Figure 6)
estimated to reach US$ 1,797.5 million        preferred mode for soldiers who can                 found that police officers trained for
by the end of 2025.10 The focus on            continue to act according to the on-ground          helicopter operations in a 3D virtual
improving skills faster and at lower costs
is seen to have led to a rise in the
                                              Figure 6: Virtual training for collaborative tasks
deployment of digital reality in defence
departments globally. In accordance with
commercial applications, defence too
has its preference for various themes of
digital reality.

AR applications in defence
                                                                  47 police officers trained in operations where they
AR is often used to solve challenges
                                                                         had to interact with a helicopter crew
such as the paucity of information and
resources, and compromised effectiveness                                         Three training conditions
and safety due to unrealistic or high-
risk training situations. Often used
for training purposes, AR is effective                                          VS                                VS
for warfare simulations, military sand
tables, battlefield visualisations, and       Control training condition                Standard training              Virtual training condition
other applications that place a high             (handout material)                   condition (helicopter)           (3D virtual environment)
premium on the realistic representation of
defence activities.
                                              Knowledge transfer                                    Learning outcomes
                                              Mean and standard deviation                           Mean and standard deviation 7.13
The use of AR in defence can also take                                                5.17
                                                                                     (1.21)                               6.94        (2.47)
the form of smart glasses and displays
                                                    3.85           3.98                                                  (1.73)
that present information regarding                                (1.33)                                 3.07
                                                   (0.94)
spatial orientation, situational awareness,                                                             (2.15)
weapons targeting, digital terrain, and
other critical data, to mitigate lapses in
safety, speed, and coordination. Devices
                                                  Control       Standard          Virtual              Control         Standard       Virtual
can also allow soldiers to familiarise           condition      condition        condition            condition        condition     condition
themselves with features such as night
vision, thermal sensing, and applications     Knowledge transfer. This shows the                    Learning outcomes: Difference between
                                              knowledge transfer score: A test composed             pre-and post-training test results that
that measure vital signs during training.
                                              by 11 short videos of the real world showing          consisted of 20 multiple choice questions
                                              ground forces that interacted with a helicopter       about the defined learning goals
VR applications in defence
                                              crew in a variety of different situations. The
The applications of VR in defence are         videos stopped at certain points of critical
also noteworthy. Smart helmets are an         situations and the participants were asked to
example of VR applications in the field.      describe how they would behave.
These helmets allow the transmission
                                              Source: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/dk/Documents/Grabngo/Digital%20
of crucial information (e.g., maps and
                                              Reality%20GrabNGo_2019_030419.pdf
environmental factors) from commanders
                                                                                                                                                 19
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

environment had the highest rates                     –– How it will benefit defence forces       •• Digital twin of navy ships and
of knowledge transfer and learning                       The application is expected to reduce       engines
outcomes following their training,                       response time and mobilisation costs        –– What it is
compared with other officers who                         for experts while providing on-the-job         VR and IoT are used to create digital
followed a standard training procedure in                training to personnel.                         twin ship models with digitalised
a helicopter and control conditions with                                                                components and a real-time
                                                    •• Tele-robotic and tele-presence
informative handouts.11                                                                                 simulation platform is deployed to
                                                       –– What it is
                                                                                                        integrate engine and ship models.
                                                          Robots are remotely controlled and
Digital reality use cases applicable to                                                              –– How it will benefit defence forces
                                                          operated by people to perform tasks.
defence                                                                                                 A virtual, real-time copy of engine
                                                       –– How it will benefit defence forces
The adoption of digital reality is growing                                                              equipment is expected to help
                                                          The Navy can use this technology to
across the defence forces and the                                                                       better monitor, analyse, and predict
                                                          remotely operate equipment during
industry. Digital reality technologies                                                                  performance, leading to safer and
                                                          deep-sea activities.
across the globe are used to develop                                                                    more efficient operations in the Navy.
applications to train soldiers and                  •• Vehicular repair and maintenance in
                                                                                                  •• Tactical augmented reality (TAR) to
medical professionals, as well as for                  the battlefield
                                                                                                     improve situational awareness with
teleoperation. Some of the applications                –– What it is
                                                                                                     night vision for soldiers
where AR, VR, and MR can add value to                     It involves using AR over a two-
                                                                                                     –– What it is
the defence sector are discussed below.                   dimensional printed manual or
                                                                                                        It allows soldiers to locate their own
                                                          schematics.
                                                                                                        and fellow soldiers’ positions, as well
Defence operations and maintenance                     –– How it will benefit defence forces
                                                                                                        as enemy combatants.
                                                          The user sees instructions as an
•• Remote collaboration through                                                                      –– How it will benefit defence forces
                                                          overlay onto the actual object in
   experts                                                                                              The device is equipped with night
                                                          three dimensions, including specific
   –– What it is                                                                                        vision capabilities. This means that
                                                          symbology indicating which part to
      A head-up display enables the expert                                                              soldiers will be able to ditch their GPS
                                                          adjust or replace. This is expected
      to view what on-ground personnel are                                                              and night vision goggles, and will rely
                                                          to reduce time and cost of repair for
      viewing and provide real-time inputs                                                              on TAR instead.
                                                          army trucks and weapons.
      to help them take corrective actions.

20
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Defence training                                •• Multi-user war planning systems                    to collaborate with experts in
                                                   –– What it is                                      different geographies.
•• Immersive training for military
                                                      Training involves real-time                  –– How it will benefit defence forces
   forces
                                                      collaboration among different soldiers          With the ability to remotely view a
   –– What it is
                                                      in a virtual environment.                       patient, doctors could be able to
      VR-based training is provided to
                                                   –– How it will benefit defence forces              supply a level of expertise that might
      ground, air, and navy forces for flight
                                                      It allows leadership to develop                 be missing in the field. This could
      and battlefield simulations, vehicle
                                                      strategies for tactical missions in             be used across the Army, Navy, and
      simulation, and virtual boot camps.
                                                      extreme circumstances.                          Air Force.
   –– How it will benefit defence forces
      It is an immersive training that          •• VR-enabled process assessment                 •• VR-based training for doctors and
      helps participants experience                –– What it is                                    paramedics
      the stress of a parachute jump,                 This training helps understand the            –– What it is
      fighter jets, submarines, and tanks             effect of undertaking processes,                 The training provides a virtual
      (claustrophobia).                               such as firing of weapons, in a real-            environment for running simulation
                                                      world scenario.                                  programmes for doctors.
•• Situational awareness based training
                                                   –– How it will benefit defence forces            –– How it will benefit defence forces
   for armed forces
                                                      It allows soldiers to understand what            The training will teach army medics
   –– What it is
                                                      to expect while firing a weapon and              how to carry out lifesaving operations
      It is the training for extreme
                                                      learn the nuances of forces acting on            in the stressful surroundings of
      conditions (e.g., weather and terrain).
                                                      human body during missions.                      a real warzone.
   –– How it will benefit defence forces
      This involves navigation and fostering
                                                Medical training and on-ground
      teambuilding activities to train
                                                emergency support
      ground, air, and navy forces on how
      to survive in extreme environments        •• Medical support in the battlefield
      (jungle, Arctic, and desert missions)        –– What it is
      and difficult times.                            On-field doctors can use MR devices

                                                                                                                                               21
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

22
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Comparison of digital
reality headsets
Similar to all cases related to digital       Facebook’s Oculus Rift series or HTC’s          MR headsets
reality, the headset market is also           Vive series of headsets that provide            Microsoft’s Hololens is the most
trifurcated into the realm of VR, AR,         in-depth experience of the virtual              commonly used headset for running
and MR. Additionally, the market is           environment to soldiers.                        MR applications at present. Due to
peppered by global tech majors keen                                                           the high cost of the device, its usage is
on establishing their presence in the         Standalone VR headsets                          so far restricted to mostly enterprise
minds of consumers. From a US$ 15             As desktop/PC-based VR headsets are             applications. Therefore, military
Google Cardboard VR headset to US$            permanently connected to hardware,              and other defence forces present an
5000 MR-based Microsoft Hololens,             they restrict the fully immersive               affable avenue for developing newer
the industry has it all. A detailed look      feature of VR headsets. Accordingly,            applications. Imagine a situation where
would further highlight that these            organisations have begun to launch              soldiers can train under a digital sand
headsets are currently being used for         standalone VR headsets with in-built            modelling environment, and develop
various applications by individuals and       rechargeable batteries and a storage            skills related to unknown terrain and
enterprises alike.                            capacity capable of providing a                 circumstances to apply in real-world
                                              complete VR environment without being           scenarios. This can potentially reduce
Mobile-based VR headsets                      connected to a PC. HTC’s Vive Focus             the time to train and help reduce costs
The likes of Google Cardboard and             and Oculus Go are trying to cater to this       for mobilising training programmes
Samsung Gear VR headset allow users to        market. These headsets allow defence            for soldiers.
immerse themselves in a virtual world         personnel to immerse themselves in alien
and totally cut-off from their real-world     environments, such as jungles and desert        The applications range from the
surroundings. All that is required is a       missions, and allow for interactions            education and retail sectors to the
smartphone with a 3D-immersive video          similar to real-world scenarios. With           medical and of course defence sector.
or app. These technologies are agnostic       advanced VR haptic feedback suits and           These sectors are currently using one or
to the smartphone’s model and operating       gloves, multiple units of soldiers can feel     the other form of digital reality to develop
system. They are highly useful in the         the effects of combats and at the same          an immersive experience for users.
education sector, where the need is           time conduct multiple sessions to iron
to educate and introduce concepts to          out the details that otherwise would be
students without having to interact with      too costly to undertake.
video content.
                                              AR headsets
Desktop/PC-based VR headsets                  AR headsets have the ability to run
A VR environment built on 3D models           content in the heads-up display of the
allows users to engage and manipulate         soldier without him/her needing to
the environment they are in. Providing        lose focus and look for coordinates or
an immersive experience requires a            other information. This application has
longer time to develop apps and high-end      a long-standing use in the Air Force,
hardware to support them. These apps          where pilots view the heading and other
are best suited for military grade training   flight information superimposed onto
and simulations where soldiers train to       their visor. Organisations such as Vuzix
know more about either a weapon or its        and Meta-2 are working in this domain
functioning and operations in the real        to provide the requisite hardware to
world. This market is primarily led by        support AR applications.

                                                                                                                                            23
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

24
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Potential barriers to adoption
in defence applications
Defence agencies, in particular, have           that can mean integrating with a                 compared with traditional training, the
been using a combination of digital             multitude of legacy systems. Getting             costs of implementing such a solution
reality technologies to train soldiers          legacy platforms and applications to             may rest with a training department
and medical professionals across the            communicate with each other is already           while benefits may accrue to an
world. However, the experiences of              challenging. The addition of digital             operational department.
early adopters in government appear             reality intensifies this challenge.
to point to some key challenges for                                                            Overcoming challenges to create a
                                               •• Conflicting requirements: For
agencies. In particular, these initial                                                         digital reality for defence
                                                  emerging technologies such as AR and
explorations have highlighted four                                                             Overcoming the potential barriers could
                                                  VR, achieving buy-in from stakeholders
primary considerations for government                                                          be key for defence to successfully tap into
                                                  can be a challenge. The reasons can
organisations adopting digital reality:                                                        digital reality technologies, and increase
                                                  range from lack of understanding of
a) cybersecurity and privacy, b) legacy                                                        productivity and efficiency of operations.
                                                  the benefits to conflicting priorities.
systems, c) conflicting requirements, and
                                                  A survey of the US Department of
d) financial sustainability.                                                                   Cybersecurity: Balance security
                                                  Defence personnel on virtual training
                                                                                               with cost
•• Cybersecurity and privacy: Digital             ranks lack of understanding as the
                                                                                               Cloud solutions can help address the
   reality can lead to privacy challenges in      second biggest barrier to the adoption
                                                                                               trade-off between data security and
   how technologies interact with users.          of virtual training.12 Stakeholders
                                                                                               cost of data privacy. From hardware to
   The digital reality technologies assess        may misunderstand the technology’s
                                                                                               user-identity verification, the most critical
   humans’ reactions to new experiences           functions. However, disagreement can
                                                                                               aspect is the large volumes of data that
   (e.g., eye movement) to generate data          also come from misunderstanding
                                                                                               needs to be stored and processed on
   points for system improvement. This            the operational goals of digital
                                                                                               servers. Hence, cloud solutions can help
   data needs effective controls to protect       reality projects.
                                                                                               mitigate this challenge. However, some
   soldiers’ privacy. Balancing these
                                               •• Financial sustainability: The ultimate       organisations also prefer an alternative
   cybersecurity and privacy concerns
                                                  issue that can sink efforts to update        “on-premises” solution, which is a
   against costs is often the underlying
                                                  government technology solutions is the       hardened local solution that stays within
   driver in decisions on where and how to
                                                  challenge of ensuring consistent project     the organisation’s firewalls and never
   host digital reality solutions.
                                                  funding, from start-up costs to ongoing      traverse the larger net to connect to a
•• Legacy systems: Digital reality can            operations. Once implemented,                cloud server. Organisations may want
   help defence agencies process large            digital reality technologies can often       to assess their operational needs, risk
   amounts of data through intuitive,             save money, although difficulties            profiles, and cybersecurity strategies, to
   interactive experiences. However,              in budgeting can cause even the              determine whether cloud or on-premises
   processing such data typically means           best use cases to go unfunded. For           installations will be the way forward.
   being integrated with other types              example, while VR training can often
   of software. In the defence sector             save money or improve outcomes

                                                                                                                                             25
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Legacy systems: Modernise with the                  shareable, and usable compared with
help of API-based architecture                      direct integration with legacy systems.
Application programming interfaces                  Using API-based solutions, systems can
(APIs) provide an answer to extracting              be upgraded and integrated to enable
key data across legacy systems. API-                digital reality applications for defence.
based systems are a more discoverable,

Figure 7: Deloitte Centre for Government Insights
There are barriers to adopting digital reality; there are also solutions for overcoming these barriers

           Cybersecurity                            Legacy                           Conflicting               Financial
            and privacy                            systems                          requirements             sustainability

              Solution:                           Solution:                           Solution:                 Solution:
     Balance security with costs           Modernise systems using             Run a pilot programme     Try small-scale projects
                                            API-based architecture               to get buy-in from       supported by strong
                                                                                    stakeholders          leadership, and track
                                                                                                              expected ROI

Source: Deloitte Centre for Government Insights

Conflicting requirements: Run a pilot               Financial sustainability: Run small-
programme to get stakeholders’ buy-in               scale projects supported by strong
Pilot programmes can help organisations             leaders and track the expected ROI
achieve their goals and demonstrate                 Digital reality solutions require consistent
the value digital reality adds. A carefully         project funding but can drive real
developed pilot programme (with a                   returns, through improved workforce
clear goal) under the supervision of a              performance delivered on a reduced
project champion, can address system                overall training budget. Hence, it is
integration and user acceptance                     important to start small, scale-fast, and
challenges that will enable digital reality         rigorously track programme metrics,
to succeed.13 Organisations should begin            including a relevant ROI metric that
by finding a high-value use case, starting          compares both costs and effects of
small, iterating to solve problems, and             digital reality solutions with those of
scaling fast.                                       traditional programmes.

26
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

                                                                    27
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

28
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Flying high in a digital sky
Various applications for digital reality are   newer surroundings, and c) understand            Organisations that have undergone the
generating a lot of interest in different      the environment they might experience            processes of identifying and developing
spheres of the industry. Established           during real-world missions.                      digital reality-enabled use cases propose
organisations and start-ups alike are                                                           adopting a sprint-based approach to
looking for ways to address different          The second part of the above-mentioned           encourage the constant flow of new
challenges that the industry faces. The        training is highly crucial in addressing         solutions. Typically, they first identify
digital reality field has seen strong          post-war trauma that is afflicting war           the opportunity and then conduct a
growth in the past five years. This trend      veterans. Studies are being conducted to         proof-of-concept before scaling up
is expected to continue, driven by the         ascertain the benefits of deploying digital      the solution to a wider deployment.
development of newer use cases for             reality in this space. Similarly, another        Keeping end-users involved and making
organisations. An area of development          area that defence establishments can             incremental changes remain paramount
is medical training that can significantly     explore is telemedicine where MR                 for a successful delivery.
improve a) response times, b) efficiency       applications assist medical professionals
of response, and c) effectiveness of           in real-world scenarios using remote             The scope of development of such
response for both medical professionals        collaborations. This significantly reduces       threads is quite huge. With a continued
and patients.                                  response time to undertake critical              focus and investment by different
                                               medical procedures, thus saving lives.           stakeholders, some of these might see
Military training sessions are expensive                                                        light of the day soon, thus saving time,
and time consuming, and require specific       A third important area that can be               money, and human lives.
grounds for soldiers to familiarise            explored is the field of developing
themselves on what is in store for them        applications by combining AI, Industry
in a mission. Furthermore, the militarised     4.0, and digital reality. Inside a critical
world has a long history of war veterans       facility, such as a vessel carrier or
who failed to adjust back into normal          submarine, monitoring the performance
life in a post-war scenario. At present,       of different equipment and taking
digital reality can help solve both these      necessary actions is critical. These
dilemmas by developing applications            technologies can be used together to
that can a) familiarise soldiers to expect     raise alerts to the right personnel in the
wartime scenarios, b) learn from the           right areas to take corrective actions in
past and gain insights on how to adapt to      case of equipment malfunction.

                                                                                                                                              29
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

About Deloitte
All the facts and figures that talk to our size      underpin all that we do. Deloitte Globally
and diversity and years of experiences, as           has grown in scale and diversity—more
notable and important as they may be, are            than 286,000 people in 150 countries,
secondary to the truest measure of                   providing multidisciplinary services yet our
Deloitte: the impact we make in the world.           shared culture remains the same.
So, when people ask, “what’s different
about Deloitte?” the answer resides in the           ©2019 Deloitte Touché Tohmatsu India LLP
many specific examples of where we have
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30
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

About PHD Chamber of
Commerce and Industry
PHD Chamber of Commerce and                    and High Commissions to bring in the
Industry, a leading Industry Chamber of        International Best Practices and
India, ever since its inception in 1905, has   Business Opportunities.
been an active participant in the India
Growth Story through its Advocacy Role         PHD Chamber has special focus on the
for the Policy Makers and Regulators of        following thrust areas:
the Country. Regular interactions,
                                               •• Economic & Business Policy Advocacy
Seminars, Conference and Conclaves
allow healthy and constructive                 •• Industry
discussions between the Government,
                                               •• Infrastructure
Industry and International Agencies
bringing out the Vitals for Growth. As a       •• Housing
true representative of the Industry with a
                                               •• Health
large membership base of 1,30,000 direct
and indirect members, PHD Chamber has          •• Education & Skill Development
forged ahead leveraging its legacy with
                                               •• Agriculture & Agri-business
the Industry knowledge across sectors
(58 Industry verticals being covered           •• ICT
through Expert Committees), a deep
                                               •• International Trade
understanding of the Economy at large
and the populace at the micro level.
                                               PHD Chamber of Commerce
                                               and Industry
At the National level, the PHD Chamber is
                                               PHD House, 4/2 Siri Institutional Area,
well represented in 16 States with its own
                                               August Kranti Marg, New Delhi 110016
offices and MOUs with 11 Partner
                                               Tel: 91-11-26863801-04, 49545454
Chambers in different States.
                                               Fax: 91-11-26855450, 49545451
                                               Website: www.phdcci.in
At the Global level we have been working
                                               E-mail: phdcci@phdcci.in
with the Concerned Ministries, Embassies

                                                                                                                                             31
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Endnotes
1
    https://www.digi-capital.com/news/2019/01/for-ar-vr-2-0-to-live-ar-vr-1-0-must-die/
2
 https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-08-20-gartner-identifies-five-emerging-technology-trends-that-will-
blur-the-lines-between-human-and-machine
3
    https://www.boeing.com/features/2018/01/augmented-reality-01-18.page
4
    https://www.ge.com/reports/game-augmented-reality-helping-factory-workers-become-productive/
5
    https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/industry/public-sector/augmented-virtual-reality-government-services.html
6
    https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/signals-for-strategists/augmented-and-virtual-reality-enterprise-applications.html
7
    https://www.digi-capital.com/news/2019/01/for-ar-vr-2-0-to-live-ar-vr-1-0-must-die/
8
    https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/violence-cost-indias-gdp-over-1-trn-on-ppp-basis/article24128123.ece"
9
    https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2018-03-20/the-us-military-wants-to-lead-the-innovation-game-in-vr
10
     https://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/qlsfbk/global_military?w=12
11
     https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/dk/Documents/Grabngo/Digital%20Reality%20GrabNGo_2019_030419.pdf"
12
     Government Business Council, “Going virtual to prepare for a new era of defense,” accessed July 9, 2017. View in article
13
  https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/industry/public-sector/augmented-virtual-reality-government-services.
html#endnote-32

32
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

References
Deloitte Insights, “Digital reality: The focus shifts from technology to opportunity”, 2017, https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/
focus/tech-trends/2018/immersive-technologies-digital-reality.html

Deloitte Digital, “Digital Reality changes everything”, 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/dk/Documents/
Grabngo/Digital%20Reality%20GrabNGo_2019_030419.pdf

Deloitte Insights, “The adoption of disruptive technologies in the consumer products industry”, 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/
insights/us/en/industry/retail-distribution/potential-of-digital-reality-consumer-products.html

Deloitte Insights, “Digital reality in government”, 2018, https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/industry/public-sector/
augmented-virtual-reality-government-services.html

Deloitte Insights, “For more companies, new ways of seeing”, 2017, https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/
signals-for-strategists/augmented-and-virtual-reality-enterprise-applications.html

Gartner, “Top Trends in the Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies, 2017”, 2017, https://www.gartner.com/
smarterwithgartner/top-trends-in-the-gartner-hype-cycle-for-emerging-technologies-2017/

Tracxn.com, “Tracxn Sector Report: Augmented Reality”, 2019

                                                                                                                                            33
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality for defence and the public sector

Acknowledgements
Nitin Sawant
Technology: Digital
Partner, Consulting, Deloitte India
nitinsawant@deloitte.com

Authors
Binaifer Karanjia                                   Sudeepta Veerapaneni
Director, Consulting                                Senior Manager, Consulting
bikaranjia@deloitte.com                             sveerapaneni@deloitte.com

Saurabh Gupta                                       Saurajit Goswami             Saumya Sudhir
Manager, Consulting                                 Manager, Consulting          Analyst, Consulting
guptasaurabh@deloitte.com                           gsaurajit@@deloitte.com      sasudhir@deloitte.com

Partnership Coordinators
Deloitte                                            PHDCCI
Mohan Doifode                                       Dr. Jatinder Singh
Technology: Digital                                 Director, PHD Chamber
Director, Consulting, Deloitte India                jatinder@phdcci.in
mdoifode@deloitte.com
                                                    Punit Chaudhry
                                                    Joint Secretary
                                                    punit@phdcci.in

34
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