Waste Assessment 2018 - Prepared by South Waikato District Council XXXXX 2018

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Waste Assessment 2018 - Prepared by South Waikato District Council XXXXX 2018
Waste Assessment 2018

  Prepared by South Waikato District Council

  XXXXX 2018

iii                      DRAFT SOUTH WAIKATO DISTRICT COUNCIL
WASTE ASSESSMENT
Waste Assessment 2018 - Prepared by South Waikato District Council XXXXX 2018
Prepared by:
Mick Jones, Engineer/ Consultant
Andrew Pascoe, Services Manager, South Waikato District Council

Approved by:
Ted Anderson, Group Manager, Assets, South Waikato District Council

Contact Details
Mick Jones micknita@xtra.co.nz 07 886 8658
Andrew Pascoe andrew.Pascoe@southwaikato.govt.nz 07 885 0764

Preface to the Waste Management and Minimisation Plan
(WMMP18)
The WMMP18 is a technical document. The key purpose of the WMMP18 is to present
as clear a picture as possible of what happens with waste in the Territorial Area, an
assessment of the waste industry in our District, the key issues to consider, and the basic
options for addressing those issues over the next six years.
Waste Assessment 2018 - Prepared by South Waikato District Council XXXXX 2018
Contents
1.0           Introduction ........................................................................................... 9
    1.1   Purpose of the Waste Assessment ............................................................ 9
    1.2   Legislative Context .................................................................................... 9
    1.3   Scope ...................................................................................................... 10
      1.3.1     General .............................................................................................. 10
      1.3.2     Period of Waste Assessment ............................................................. 10
      1.3.3     Consideration of Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Wastes ......................... 10
      1.3.4     Public Health Issues .......................................................................... 11
    1.4   Strategic Context ..................................................................................... 12
      1.4.1     New Zealand Waste Strategy ............................................................ 12
      1.4.2     International Commitments ................................................................ 12
      1.4.3     National Projects................................................................................ 13
    1.5   Local and Regional Planning Context ...................................................... 13
      1.5.1     Long Term Plan ................................................................................. 13
      1.5.2     Regional Council Plans ...................................................................... 14
2.0           Waikato Region ................................................................................... 15
    2.1   Overview .................................................................................................. 15
3.0           Our District .......................................................................................... 16
      3.1.1     Demographics.................................................................................... 16
      3.1.2     2013 Census...................................................................................... 17

4.0           Waste Infrastructure ........................................................................... 18
    4.1   Disposal Facilities .................................................................................... 19
      4.1.1     Class 1 Landfills................................................................................. 19
      4.1.2     Transfer Stations ............................................................................... 21
      4.1.3     Closed Landfills ................................................................................. 22
      4.1.4     Class 2-4 Landfills ............................................................................. 22
      4.1.5     Assessment of Residual Waste Management Infrastructure ............. 23
    4.2   Hazardous Waste Facilities and Services ................................................ 23

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Waste Assessment 2018 - Prepared by South Waikato District Council XXXXX 2018
4.3        SW Recycling and processing Facilities .................................................. 25
      4.5     Assessment of Municipal Recycling and Reprocessing Facilities ......... 27
5.0           Waste Services ................................................................................... 28
 5.1        Council-provided Waste Services ............................................................ 28
      5.1.1      Council-contracted Collection Services ............................................. 28
      5.1.2      Other Council Services ...................................................................... 29
      5.1.3      Waste Education and Minimisation Programmes .............................. 30
      5.1.4      Solid Waste Bylaws ........................................................................... 30
      5.1.5      Litter Control and Enforcement .......................................................... 30
      5.1.6      Public Litter Bins ................................................................................ 30
      5.1.7      Abandoned Vehicles .......................................................................... 31
      5.1.8      Street Cleansing ................................................................................ 31
      5.1.9      Stream, Lake, Park Cleaning ............................................................. 31
      5.1.10        Rural and Farm Waste .................................................................... 31
      5.1.11        Hazardous Waste ........................................................................... 32
 5.2        Assessment of Council-provided Solid Waste Services ........................... 32
 5.3        Funding for Council-provided Services .................................................... 33
 5.4        Non-Council Services .............................................................................. 33
      5.4.1      Assessment of Non-Council Services ................................................ 34
6.0           Situation Review ................................................................................. 35
 6.1        Waste to Class 1-4 Landfills .................................................................... 35
      6.1.1      Definitions Used in this Section ......................................................... 35
 6.2        Overview of Waste to Class 1-4 Landfills ................................................ 35
 6.3        Waste Quantities ..................................................................................... 35
      6.3.1      Waste to Class 1 Landfills ................................................................. 35
      6.3.2      Other Waste Disposed of to Land ...................................................... 36
 6.4        Composition of Waste to Class 1 Landfills ............................................... 37

 6.5        Activity Source of Waste .......................................................................... 38
 6.6        Diverted Materials .................................................................................... 39
      6.6.1      Overview of Diverted Materials .......................................................... 39
      6.6.2      Kerbside Recycling and Drop-Off Facilities ..................................................... 39
      6.6.3      Composition of Kerbside Recycling................................................................. 40
Waste Assessment 2018 - Prepared by South Waikato District Council XXXXX 2018
6.6.4       Diversion of Organic Waste ............................................................................ 40
7.0             Performance Measurement ........................................................................ 42
      7.1    Current Performance Measurement .................................................................... 42
       7.1.1       Per Capita Waste to Class 1 Landfills ............................................................. 42
       7.1.2       Per Capita Domestic Kerbside Refuse to Class 1 Landfills .............................. 44
       7.1.3       Per Capita Kerbside Recycling ........................................................................ 45
       7.1.4       Comparison of Activity Source of Waste to Class 1 Landfills ......................... 47
       7.1.5       Council Bag Share of Domestic Kerbside Refuse Market ............................... 47
       7.1.6       Diversion Potential of Waste to Class 1 Landfills ........................................... 47
8.0             Future Demand and Gap Analysis ............................................................... 48
      8.1    Future Demand ..................................................................................................... 48
       8.1.1       Population forecast for South Waikato District. ............................................ 48
       8.1.2       Economic Activity ........................................................................................... 48
       8.1.3       Changes in Lifestyle and Consumption ........................................................... 49
       8.1.4       Changes in Waste Management Approaches ................................................ 49
       8.1.5       Summary of Demand Factors ......................................................................... 50
       8.1.6       Projections of Future Demand ........................................................................ 50
      8.2    Future Demand – Gap Analysis ............................................................................. 50
       8.2.1       Waste Streams ............................................................................................... 50
       8.2.2       Hazardous Wastes .......................................................................................... 51
9.0             Initial Review of the Waste Management and Minimisation Plan 2012 - 2017
                52
      9.1    Data ....................................................................................................................... 52
      9.2    Key Issues from the WMMP ................................................................................. 52
      9.3    Other Issues Not Addressed ................................................................................. 52
      9.4    New Guidance ....................................................................................................... 52
      9.5    Actions................................................................................................................... 52
      9.6    Implementation Plan ............................................................................................ 53
      9.7    Progress................................................................................................................. 53
10.0            Statement of Options ................................................................................. 53
      10.1      Key Issues to Be Addressed by WMMP ............................................................. 53
      10.2      Summary Table of Potential Scenarios .............................................................. 54

vii                                                                    DRAFT SOUTH WAIKATO DISTRICT COUNCIL
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Waste Assessment 2018 - Prepared by South Waikato District Council XXXXX 2018
A.1.0         Medical Officer of Health Statement ........................................................... 56
A.2.0         Glossary of Terms ....................................................................................... 59
A.4.0 National Legislative and Policy Context ............................................................ 65
A.4.1          The New Zealand Waste Strategy 2010 ..................................................... 65
A.4.2 Waste Minimisation Act 2008 ........................................................................... 65
A.4.3 Waste Levy ....................................................................................................... 67
A.4.4 Product Stewardship ........................................................................................ 67
A.4.5 Waste Minimisation Fund ................................................................................ 68
A.4.6 Local Government Act 2002 .............................................................................. 69
A.4.7 Resource Management Act 1991 ...................................................................... 69
A.4.8 New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme ........................................................... 70
A.4.9 Litter Act 1979 ................................................................................................. 72
A.4.10 Health Act 1956 .............................................................................................. 73
A.4.11 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (HSNO Act) .................... 73
A.4.12 Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 .............................................................. 74
A.4.13 Other legislation ............................................................................................ 74
A.4.14 International commitments ............................................................................ 75
5.0 Tangata Whenua Policy guidelines ...................................................................... 76
1.0        Introduction
The Waste Management and Minimisation Plan has been prepared by South
Waikato District Council (Council) in accordance with the requirements of the
Waste Minimisation Act 2008 (WMA).

    1.1 Purpose of the Waste Assessment
This Waste Assessment provides the information necessary to identify key issues
and priority actions to be included in the WMMP.
Section 51 of the Waste Minimisation Act 2008 (WMA) outlines the requirements
of a waste assessment, which must include:
     a description of the collection, recycling, recovery, treatment, and disposal
       services provided within the territorial authority’s district
     a forecast of future demands
     a statement of options
     a statement of the territorial authority’s intended role in meeting demands
     a statement of the territorial authority’s proposals for meeting the forecast
       demands
     a statement about the extent to which the proposals will protect public
       health, and promote effective and efficient waste management and
       minimisation.

    1.2 Legislative Context
The principal solid waste legislation in New Zealand is the Waste Minimisation
Act 2008 (WMA). The purpose of the WMA is to:
     “encourage waste minimisation and a decrease in waste disposal in order
     to
       (a) protect the environment from harm; and
       (b) provide environmental, social, economic, and cultural benefits."
The WMA requires Territorial Authorities (TAs) to promote effective and efficient
waste management and minimisation within their district through adoption of a
WMMP.
TA’s must complete a formal review of its WMMP at least every six years. The
review must be prepared in accordance with the WMA. The Council’s existing
Waste Assessment was written by Consultants in April 2011, and the WMMP was
adopted on 9 December 2012.
Further detail on key waste-related legislation is contained in Appendix 3.0.

9                                         DRAFT SOUTH WAIKATO DISTRICT COUNCIL
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1.3 Scope
1.3.1 General
The Waste Assessment provides a foundation that will enable Council to update
its WMMP in an informed and effective manner. In preparing this document,
reference has been made to the Ministry for the Environment’s ‘Waste
Management and Minimisation Planning: Guidance for Territorial Authorities’1.
The New Zealand Waste Strategy 2010 makes clear that TAs have a statutory
obligation (under the WMA) to promote effective and efficient waste management
and minimisation in their district. This applies to all waste and materials flows in
the District, not just those controlled by councils.
This Waste Assessment must take into consideration all waste and recycling
services carried out by private waste operators as well as the Council’s own
services. While the Council has reliable data on the waste flows that it controls,
data on those services provided by private industry is limited.

1.3.2 Period of Waste Assessment
WMMPs are to be reviewed at least every six years, but it is considered prudent
to take a longer-term view. The horizon for the WMMP is not fixed but is related
to the Long Term Plan (LTP)’s 10-year timeframe. For some assets and services,
it is appropriate to consider a longer timeframe.

1.3.3 Consideration of Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Wastes
This Waste Assessment is focused on solid waste that is disposed of to land or
diverted from land disposal.
Guidance provided by the Ministry for the Environment states that:
       Councils need to determine the scope of their WMMP in terms of
         which wastes and diverted materials are to be considered within
         the plan.
       liquid or gaseous wastes that are directly managed by a TA, and
         disposed of to landfill, should be seriously considered for inclusion
         in a WMMP.
Other wastes within the scope of the WMMP include gas from landfills and the
management of biosolids from wastewater treatment plant processes.
Council has an approved Gas Plan and Resource Consent (102448) for the
Tokoroa Landfill which allows for venting the gas into the atmosphere, and
requiring on site monitoring in areas where concentrations can be anticipated.
Council holds Resource Consents for landfill gas discharges to air at the closed
landfill sites in Putaruru (102589), and Tirau (102482).

1
 Ministry for the Environment (2015), Waste Management and Minimisation Planning: Guidance for
Territorial Authorities. Wellington.
Sewage biosolids from the wastewater treatment plants at Tokoroa and Putaruru
are disposed of at the Tokoroa Class 1 landfill site. It is mixed with greenwaste
mulch and stockpiled for beneficial reuse (as topsoil) for restoration of landfill
surfaces. These waste streams amount to a significant 1200 to 1500 tonnes per
annum diverted from the final landfill face. Large volumes of biosolids and
sludges from Hamilton City and Fonterra are disposed of for reuse at two
commercial sites within the South Waikato District.

1.3.4 Public Health Issues
Protecting public health is one of the original reasons for local authority
involvement in waste management. The New Zealand Waste Strategy 2010
contains the twin high-level goals of 'Reducing the harmful effects of waste', and
'Improving the efficiency of resource use'. Addressing waste management in a
strategic level, protection of public health is one of the components entailed in
'reducing harm'.
Protection of public health is currently addressed by a number of pieces of
legislation. Discussion of the implications of the legislation is contained in
Appendix 0.

1.3.4.1 Key Waste Management Public Health Issues
Key issues that are likely to be of concern to public health include:
    Population health profile and characteristics
    Meeting the requirements of the Health Act 1956
    Management of putrescible wastes
    Management of nappy and sanitary wastes
    Potential for dog/seagull/vermin strike
    Timely collection of material
    Locations of waste activities
    Management of spillage
    Litter and illegal dumping
    Medical waste from households and healthcare operators
    Storage of wastes
    Management of biosolids/sludges from wastewater treatment plants
    Management of hazardous wastes (including asbestos, e-waste, etc.)
    Private on-site management of wastes (i.e. burning, burying)
    Closed landfill management including air and water discharges, odours
       and vermin
    Health and safety considerations relating to collection and handling.

1.3.4.2 Management of Public Health Issues
Strategically, the public health issues listed above are likely to apply to a greater
or lesser extent to virtually all options under consideration. For example, illegal
dumping tends to take place ubiquitously, irrespective of whatever waste
collection and transfer station systems are in place. Some systems may
exacerbate the problem (infrequent collection, user-charges, inconveniently

11                                          DRAFT SOUTH WAIKATO DISTRICT COUNCIL
WASTE ASSESSMENT
located facilities etc.). Conversely, the issues can be managed through methods
such as enforcement, education and by providing convenient facilities.
In most cases, public health issues will be able to be addressed through setting
appropriate performance standards for waste service contracts. Performance
monitoring is important, is as the ability to address issues through the contract
structure. There is added emphasis on workplace health and safety under the
Health and Safety at Work Act 2015.

 1.4 Strategic Context
1.4.1 New Zealand Waste Strategy
The New Zealand Waste Strategy: Reducing Harm, Improving Efficiency (NZWS)
is the Government’s core policy document concerning waste management and
minimisation in New Zealand. The two goals of the NZWS are:
       1. Reducing the harmful effects of waste
       2. Improving the efficiency of resource use.
The NZWS provides high-level, flexible direction to guide the use of the tools
available to manage and minimise waste in New Zealand. These tools include:
      The Waste Minimisation Act 2008
      Local Government Act 2002
      Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996
      Resource Management Act 1991
      Climate Change Response Act 2002 and Climate Change (Emissions
       Trading) Amendment Act 2008
      International conventions
      Ministry for the Environment guidelines, codes of practice
      Voluntary initiatives.
The flexible nature of the NZWS means that councils are able to decide on
solutions to waste management and minimisation that are appropriate to local
situations and desired community outcomes.
Section 44 of the WMA requires councils to have regard to the NZWS when
preparing their WMMP. For the purpose of this Waste Assessment, the Council
has given regard to the NZWS and the current WMMP (2010).

1.4.2 International Commitments
New Zealand is party to the following key international agreements:
       1. Montreal Protocol – to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the
          production of numerous substances.
       2. Basel Convention – to reduce the movement of hazardous wastes
          between nations.
       3. Stockholm Convention – to eliminate or restrict the production and use
          of persistent organic pollutants.
       4. 7Waigani Convention – bans export of hazardous or radioactive waste
          to Pacific Islands Forum countries.
1.4.3 National Projects
A number of national projects are underway, aimed at assisting TAs, business
and the public to adopt waste management and minimisation principles in a
consistent fashion.

1.4.3.1 National Waste Data Framework Project
The first stage of the National Waste Data Framework Project has been
completed. Waste Management Institute of New Zealand (WasteMINZ) is now
working on the implementation phase.
Council intends to be a part of the implementation of the NWDF by using the
categories and terminology of the Framework in the Waste Assessment and
WMMP.

1.4.3.2 National Standardisation of Colours for Bins

Until recently, organisations in New Zealand used a variety of colours to indicate
what waste streams can be placed in what bins. It was considered that this could
create confusion and increase the likelihood of contamination.
In October 2015 WasteMINZ, the Glass Packaging Forum, and councils around
New Zealand agreed on a standardised set of colours for mobile recycling and
rubbish bins, crates and internal office bins.
Council has adopted a two crate system for kerbside recycling collections: dark
green for “glass and plastic containers”, and maroon for “approved recyclables,
no glass”. The two crate system was selected to simplify kerbside sorting, and
enhance safety. Council has no current plans to change the colours as the
current stock of crates are in good condition after five years, and will not need
replacement until the next decade. The large 200l capacity steel drums at
recycling “drop off” sites are designed for glass bottles, and are coloured
accordingly – brown, green and silver.

 1.5 Local and Regional Planning Context
This Waste Assessment and WMMP are prepared within a local and regional
planning context. Therefore actions and objectives identified in the Waste
Assessment and WMMP reflect, intersect with, and are expressed through other
planning documents. Key planning documents and waste-related goals and
objectives are noted in this section.

1.5.1 Long Term Plan
A key part of the Long Term Plan (LTP) is to achieve the vision for the Council:
   'Healthy people thriving in a safe, vibrant, and sustainable community'.
Key outcomes for the LTP are:
      Growth: Council aims to increase population and jobs, reduce
                  unemployment, increase average earnings and improve the
                  deprivation index

13                                        DRAFT SOUTH WAIKATO DISTRICT COUNCIL
WASTE ASSESSMENT
Resilience: Council and the community, need to anticipate, resist, respond
                    to and recover from significant change or events
       Relationships: Council will build stronger relationsips with Iwi and Maori,
                    and community and business groups so working together we
                    can achieve growth and a resilient community.

1.5.1.1 Other Local Plans
South Waikato District Council has a number of other plans relating to the solid
waste and recycling activities that have been considered when preparing this
Assessment. These include:
      Solid Waste Asset Management Plan 2015 – 2025 (DocSetID 313846)
      Assessment of Water and Sanitary Services (DocSetID 194381) reviewed
       2011
      The South Waikato District Solid Waste Bylaw 2017
      Waste Management and Minimisation Plan 2012 – 2017 (DocSetID
       202094)
      Waste Assessment 2011 (DocSetID 202095).
The other significant local plan to be considered in this Assessment has been the
Raukawa Environmental Management Plan 2014. A summary of local and shared
goals applicable to solid waste is reproduced in Appendix A5.0.

1.5.2 Regional Council Plans
The Waikato Waste and Resource Efficiency Strategy (2015 – 2018) has a vision
of 'working together towards a zero waste region'.
The Strategy contains ten strategic guiding principles, which were considered in
the development of this Plan.
The Waste Strategy Advisory Group (WSAG) was established to monitor and
review the effectiveness of the Strategy. It includes representation from industry,
local authorities, community enterprises, Auckland Council, Bay of Plenty
Regional Council, and the Ministry for the Environment.
The Bay of Plenty and Waikato Regional Councils work together on a number of
pan-regional collaborative projects.
2.0        Waikato Region
This section presents a brief overview of key aspects of the region’s geography,
economy, and demographics that influence the quantities and types of waste
generated and potential opportunities for the Council to manage and minimise
these wastes effectively.

 2.1 Overview
Local authorities in the Waikato region comprise 11 territorial authorities and the
Waikato Regional Council. The land area of the region covers 25,000km2 with
1,138 kilometres of coastline.
Figure 1: Map of Waikato Territorial Authority Areas

Source: www.waikatoregion.govt.n

15                                         DRAFT SOUTH WAIKATO DISTRICT COUNCIL
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Source: www.localcouncils.govt.nz

3.0          Our District
Our District has a land area of 1,817km2, with key features being the Waikato
River hydro generation lakes along the southern and western boundary, and
Mamaku/Kaimai ranges along the eastern side. The main population centres in
the District are Tokoroa (13,800), Putāruru (3,800), Tirau (700) and a rural based
community (5,500). - The total District population (as at June 2016) of 23,800.
The Districts main industries are forestry, timber production, dairy, and pastoral
farming.

3.1.1 Demographics
The population distribution and growth is shown in the following table:
Table 1: Key Demographic Statistics 2001 - 2013

                           2001       2006          2013

 Population               23,472      22,644       22,071

 Dwellings                  8,985      9,225         9,525

 Median Income                       $20,900      $23,800

Source: Statistics NZ 2013 Census-data tables
Source: Compiled from http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-
reports/quickstats-about-a-place.aspx?
3.1.2 2013 Census

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4.0        Waste Infrastructure
The facilities available in South Waikato area are a combination of those owned,
operated and/or managed by the Council, and those that are owned and/or
operated by commercial entities or community groups.
This inventory is not to be considered exhaustive, particularly with respect to the
commercial waste industry as these services are subject to change.
Figure 2: Landfills in the Waikato Region (Class 1)
4.1 Disposal Facilities
In April 2016, the WasteMINZ released the final version of Technical Guidelines
for Disposal to Land. These guidelines set out new standards for disposal of
waste to land. Should the Regional Council implement the new guidelines, there
will be significant changes to the operation of cleanfill sites in the region, including
tighter controls. The definitions for the various classes of Landfills in ‘Technical
Guidelines for Disposal to Land’ (2016)2 are reproduced in Appendix A.3.0.

4.1.1 Class 1 Landfills
There is one Class 1 landfill disposal facility 3 (as defined in Section A3.0) in the
South Waikato District at Newell Road, Tokoroa. The other known consented
landfills are the CHH Properties and Oji Fibre industrial facilities at Smythe Road,
Kinleith; and a Downer NZ facility at Ngatira quarry.

2Technical Guidelines for the Disposal to Land. WasteMINZ , April 2016
3Based on definitions in the Technical Guidelines for the Disposal to Land of Residual Waste and
Other Material (Land Disposal Technical Guidelines) WasteMINZ Draft for Consultation June 2013

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Table 2: Other Class 1 landfills accessible from South Waikato District

 Name &               Description                 Location           Capacity and
 Owner/Operator                                                      Consent

 Tirohia Landfill,    Non-hazardous               Tirohia, Hauraki   Consented to accept
 Waste Management     residential,                District           4 million m3 -
                      commercial and                                 approximately 2035
                      industrial solid waste,
                      including special
                      wastes. Sludges with
                      less than 20% solid
                      by weight are
                      prohibited.
                      Compostable material
                      is also processed on
                      site.

 Rotorua District     Non-hazardous               Atiamuri SH30,     Consented to 2030
 Landfill, Rotorua    residential,                Rotorua District
 District Council,    commercial and
 Operated by Waste    industrial waste,
 Management           including special
                      wastes (although
                      bylaw may be
                      reviewed to exclude
                      these in future).

 North Waikato        Non-hazardous               Hampton Downs,     Consented to 2030
 Regional Landfill,   residential,                Waikato District
                      commercial and
 EnviroWaste
                      industrial solid waste,
 Services Ltd
                      including special
                      wastes. Sludges with
                      less than 20% solid
                      by weight are
                      prohibited.

 Waitomo District     Not known                   Te Kuiti
 Landfill

 Broadlands Road      Not known                   Broadlands Road
 Landfill, Taupo
 District Council,
 Operated by
 Envirowaste

 Ruapehu District     A small district landfill   Taumarunui         Consented by
 Landfill                                                            Horizons Regional
                                                                     Council to 2020

Figure 3 shows the fluid nature of waste movements both within and between
regions and territorial local authorities. South Waikato is in a unique position
having five consented Class 1 landfills (including our own facility) within a two
hour drive from Tokoroa.
It is reported that 700,000 tonnes were landfilled in the Waikato region in 2010
with significant flows from Auckland, Bay of Plenty, and Gisborne regions.

Figure 3 Waste Flows in the Waikato Region (Source: WRC Waste Strategy)

4.1.2 Transfer Stations
There is one municipal refuse transfer station operating in the District at Putaruru.
Envirowaste Solutions Ltd. own and operate a waste storage and transfer station
at their premises in Wawa Road, Kinleith.

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WASTE ASSESSMENT
Table 3: Transfer Stations in District

    Facility              Operation               Hours                    Materials
    Description                                                            accepted

    Putaruru, SH1         Operated under          Closed Monday,           All general waste
                          Contract by DG          Wednesday, and           excepting large C
                          Waste Ltd.              Fridays plus Statutory   and D volumes,
                                                  holidays Open 9am to     special and non-
                                                  4pm                      domestic hazardous
                                                                           wastes

Once general waste is deposited at the Refuse Transfer Station, the waste is then
loosely compacted and bulked for transport to Tokoroa landfill. The total nett
volume of refuse transported in 16/17 was 1,339 tonnes. Greenwaste is
separated from the waste stream, mulched on site, and then transported to
Tokoroa landfill by the contractor. This product is surplus to current requirements
at Tokoroa, and alternative outlets are under investigation. An adjacent recycling
drop off centre is open all hours.

4.1.3 Closed Landfills
There are two closed municipal landfills in the District. Both have been covered
with impervious soil and grassed in accordance with resource consent
requirements. They are now grazed by adjacent land owners and are subject to
six monthly inspections. These are listed in the table below:
Table 4: Closed landfills in District

    Local Authority               Location                         Date closed

    SWDC                          Tirau                            2000

    SWDC                          Putaruru                         2007

4.1.4 Class 2-4 Landfills
Recent research4 estimates that waste disposed to land other than in Class 1
landfills accounts for approximately 70% of all waste disposed of. These
operators are not currently required to pay the waste levy to central government.
Other disposal sites include Class 2-4 landfills and farm dumps.
The Waikato Regional Council provides for cleanfill sites as a permitted activity
for anything up to 2,500 m3 per annum. A resource consent is required for any
facility that exceeds this volume, and any fill that intends to accept material other
than cleanfill.

4Ministry for the Environment (2014) Review of the Effectiveness of the Waste Disposal Levy.
The report estimates 56% of material disposed to land goes to non-levied facilities, 15% to farm
dumps and 29% to levied facilities.
Table 5: Known consented Class 2,4 landfills in District

 Facility                   Location                    Materials and Charges

 CHH Properties Ltd.        Smythe Road                 Industrial waste from the
                                                        Kinleith mills. Not open to
 Oji Fibre Solutions Ltd.   Kinleith, R,D Tokoroa
                                                        public.

 Downer NZ                  Ngatira Road, Lichfield     Cleanfill from contracting
                                                        operations. Not open to
                                                        public.

4.1.5 Assessment of Residual Waste Management Infrastructure
The Smythe Road Class 2 landfill is owned by CHH Properties Ltd and used by
Oji Fibre Solutions Ltd. It has a current Resource Consent from Waikato Regional
Council. Reported annual tonnages are approximately 17-18,000 tonnes, of
which about 75% is boiler ash. Oji Fibre Solutions have a large diversion scheme
in operation at Farm Road, Kinleith where recyclable products are separated from
the conventional industrial waste streams.
A number of legacy dumps around the Kinleith mills have been identified by
Carter Holt Harvey Consultants. These are recorded on Councils potentially
hazardous sites data base, and remain in the ownership of CHH Properties Ltd.
Waikato Regional Council are unable to report on individual dairy wastes to land
in SW District as some of the material is a Permitted Activity under the Regional
Plan, and they do not keep any records of which District the farms are located.
Volumes of dairy factory liquids irrigated under the Region wide consent are
declining year by year.

4.2 Hazardous Waste Facilities and Services
The hazardous waste market comprises both liquid and solid wastes that, in
general, require further treatment before conventional disposal methods can be
used. The most common types of hazardous waste include:
    Organic liquids, such as those removed from septic tanks and industrial
      cesspits
    Solvents and oils, particularly those containing volatile organic compounds
    Hydrocarbon-containing wastes, such as inks, glues and greases
    Contaminated soils (lightly contaminated soils may not require treatment
      prior to landfill disposal)
    Chemical wastes, such as pesticides and agricultural chemicals
    Medical and quarantine wastes
    Wastes containing heavy metals, such as timber preservatives
    Contaminated packaging associated with these wastes.
A range of treatment processes are used before hazardous wastes can be safely
disposed.
Most disposal is either to Class 1 landfills or through the trade waste system.
Some of these treatments result in trans-media effects, with liquid wastes being

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disposed of as solids after treatment. A very small proportion of hazardous
wastes are ‘intractable’, and require exporting for treatment. These include
polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants.
Council is the only known operator of reception services for domestic, and limited
agrichemical hazardous wastes within the South Waikato District – at its Putaruru,
and Tokoroa solid waste sites.
Table 6 contains known hazardous waste operators in the region.

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Table 6: Hazardous Waste Operators

 Name                                                    Location

 R and S McGregor Ltd                         Hamilton

 Transpacific Industries Group (NZ) Ltd.      Rotorua, Taupo

 Waste Petroleum Combustion Ltd               Pukekohe

 Envirowaste Services Ltd                     Hamilton

 3R Group Ltd                                 Hastings

 Interwaste (International Waste Ltd)         Auckland

Council provides a limited reception facility for (typically) domestic sourced paint,
insecticides, batteries, used oil, sharps, fluorescent and exotic light bulbs. Some
triple rinsed agrichemical containers will also be received. The oil is taken off site
by a specialist firm. The majority of hazardous material is handled by a
specialised contractor for identification, reporting, and safe disposal. Sharps and
tubes are boxed up in prepaid containers, and processed by another preferred
contractor at Auckland airport.
The Agrecovery Rural Recycling programme is a useful outlet for our farmers,
with the district outlet based at Farmlands in Putaruru. It is based on “user pays”
principles so will always struggle to get widespread support from the industry.
This programme provides New Zealand’s primary sector with responsible and
sustainable systems for the recovery of ‘on farm’ plastics and the disposal of
unwanted chemicals. It currently provides three nationwide programmes:
       Containers for the recovery of agrichemical, animal health and dairy
        hygiene plastic containers
       Wrap for the recovery of used silage wrap and pit covers
       Chemicals for the disposal of unwanted and expired chemicals in
        agriculture.

4.3 SW Recycling and processing Facilities
Council owns and manages the South Waikato Resource Recovery Centre in
Croad Place, Tokoroa. It is operated under contract by South Waikato
Achievement Trust (SWAT) who process both municipal and commercial
recyclables. The total mass of recyclables processed at the centre reported by
SWAT was 2,737 tonnes in 2011/12, and has remained relatively steady since
then.
Comparable figures with the previous two year period indicate no significant
change in recyclable processing since the purpose built centre opened in
November, 2014. There is considerable variability in the amounts processed each
year with no obvious explanation for the recent decline.
3,000.00
                                        Tonnes Recycled each year

2,500.00

2,000.00

1,500.00

1,000.00

     500.00

         -
              2011-12     2012-13        2013-14         2014-15        2015-16         2016-17

4.4 Other Recycling and Reprocessing Operations in the South
Waikato

 Facility               Description

 Oji Fibre Solutions    Significant industrial and energy recovery initiatives at Kinleith, and
 Ltd                    paper/kraft recovery nationwide through their subsidiary “Fullcircle”

 Materials Processing   Greenwaste and untreated timber at Kinleith, and Taupo
 Ltd

 MyNoke Ltd             Vermicomposting of industrial, council and some post-consumer
                        organic wastes near Kinleith

 E-waste                South Waikato Achievement Trust, Tokoroa

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4.4 Other Recycling and Reprocessing Facilities

 Facility                        Description

 O-I NZ Ltd                      Process colour-sorted, and bulk glass in Penrose

 SIMS Pacific                    Ferrous metals recycling

 MetalCo                         Scrap metals recycling

 Resene PaintWise                Accept unwanted paint and paint containers, with a small
 Collection (Waihi Road,         charge for non-Resene product. No automotive or marine
 Tauranga)                       paint. Material is reused, recycled, or processed as
                                 appropriate.

 Agrecovery                      Accept unwanted agrichemicals, empty containers and
                                 plastic wrap. Collection from properties (some charges
                                 apply) or free drop-off of containers at limited sites.

 Various retail outlets          Plastic shopping bags
 (Countdown, Warehouse,
 New World)

 Reclaim                         Plastics grade 1 and 2, baled cardboard

       4.5      Assessment of Municipal Recycling and Reprocessing
                Facilities
The South Waikato is well served with recycling and processing facilities given the
limitations of scale and a relatively small urban population. The nearest municipal
recycling processing plants outside the district are in Taupo (Envirowaste), and Kopu
near Thames (Smart Environmental).
The marketing of typical urban recyclables is notoriously fragile economically, but the
lack of any growth measured at the SW resource recovery centre is cause for concern.
The non-residential component sourced by SW Achievement Trust needs to be
supported if there is to be any future growth in traditional recyclable products from the
commercial sector.
There is potential for significantly greater e-waste recovery, but the cost of separate
disposal of e-waste compared to landfilling is a disincentive for greater recovery.
Currently TV sets and some electrical goods are set aside at the landfill face by residents
and collected by SWAT for processing. The public can drop off their e-waste at SWAT's
premises in Thompson Street, for a fee. The national programmes promoted by the
Ministry for Environment in recent years was not particularly successful. There is a view
that extended use of “product stewardship” agreements by central government would
assist in increasing recyclables in the e-waste, tyres, and hazardous waste streams
Waste Services
4.4 Council-provided Waste Services
Council provides a weekly kerbside refuse collection service in urban areas, kerbside
recycling collection service once a fortnight in urban ares, drop off recycling areas, a
resource recovery centre, landfill, and one refuse transfer station.

4.4.1 Council-contracted Collection Services
The tables below outline the key Council-provided refuse and recycling collection
services.

4.4.1.1 Kerbside Collection of Refuse and Recycling
Table 7: Council Kerbside Refuse Collections

 Kerbside               Charges             Refuse             Funding
                                                                                   Contract review
 collection                               collection
                       /funding                                                         dates
 service                                  contractor

                  Revenue from bag        Metallic       Bag Sales and District   Contract 640/410
                  sales covers the        Sweeping       wide "Waste              “Kerbside Refuse and
 Official
                  purchase cost,          Ltd.           collection charge" in    Recycling Collection”
 prepaid refuse
                  handling, and final                    Rates                    Duration 2012/17
 bag collection
                  disposal. Refuse
 from urban                                                                       with optional 2x2
                  (rates) charge covers
 kerbsides once                                                                   year extensions.
                  the cost of the
 a week.
                  collection service
                  alone.

Table 8: Council Kerbside Recycling Collections

                                                Recycling            Funding
 Kerbside                                                                                Contract
                           Materials           collection
 collection service                                                                    review dates
                                               Contractor

                      Glass, plastic         Metallic            District wide       As above
 60 litre capacity    containers in one      Sweeping Ltd        “recycling
 crates               (green) crate.                             charge” in
 Collected once a     Balance kraft,                             Rates
 fortnight from       paper, tins,
 urban kerbsides.     plastics in other
                      (maroon) crate

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4.4.1.2 Council Recycling “drop off” site Collections

                                                   Recycling            Funding
 Recycling “drop off”                                                                      Contract
                           Materials              collection
 sites                                                                                   review dates
                                                  Contractor

                         Standard       Metallic                  District wide         As above
 Collection, weighing    glass, plastic Sweeping Ltd              “recycling”
 and transport of        containers,                              charge. In Rates
 recyclables from five   cardboard,
 sites to resource       and paper,
 recovery centre.        tins, beverage
                         containers.

                         As above           South Waikato         As above
 Resource recovery                          Achievement
 centre drop off                            Centre

4.4.2 Other Council Services
In addition to the services described above, there are other waste-related programmes
and services provided by the Council, including rates-funded clean ups of illegal
dumping, litter bins, cleaning, anti-graffiti services and landfill/transfer station
operations.
Table 9: Other Council Solid Waste Services

 Service                        Contractor                     Funding              Contract review
                                                                                         date

                         Metallic Sweeping Ltd.         Refuse charge         C640/410 Duration
 Urban litter control,
                                                                              2013/16 with opt.
                                                                              Expires 2018

 Parks litter control    RYH Ltd (Parks litter)         General rates         1+1 year extensions
                                                                                  Expires 2018

                         Downer NZ                      General rates /       C640/ 427
 Street cleaning
                                                        NZTA subsidy

                         D G Waste Ltd                  Refuse charge/        C640/437 Duration
 Landfill, and refuse
                                                                              2020.
 transfer station        South Waikato                  User fees.
 operations
                                                        District wide
South Waikato                 Recycling charge   C640/ 412
 Resource recovery
                         Achievement Trust for
 centre (Croad Place)
                         processing of recyclables

4.4.3 Waste Education and Minimisation Programmes
The 'Paper 4 Trees' programme operates in 21 schools and preschools throughout the
District, with a six monthly recycling brochure. “Between 2007 and 2014 South Waikato
schools have earned 2,473 trees, saved 4,910m3 of landfill space, and diverted over 613
tonnes of paper and cardboard from landfill. This has prevented over 3,324 tonnes of
carbon dioxide from being produced” (Paper4Trees, 2015).
Council supports the Waste Exchange by agreement (RUG2011/A5) with District and
Regional Councils in Waikato and Bay of Plenty.
Council provides Zero Waste education for Schools on request.

4.4.4 Solid Waste Bylaws
Council has responsibilities and powers as regulators through the statutory obligations
placed upon them by the WMA. The Council is the regulatory authority for:
     Management of litter and illegal dumping under the Litter Act 1979
     Trade waste requirements
     Nuisance related bylaws
     Offensive trade licenses under the Health Act.

Council reviewed its Solid Waste Bylaw in 2017 and this was adopted on 20 December
2017.

4.4.5 Litter Control and Enforcement
Litter control is undertaken by Contract for cyclic cleansing, litter patrols and litter bins in
public spaces, and by Council officers for rural and spot dumping service requests. Urban
CBD areas are also serviced by 'street minders' for attention to spot litter and spillages.
Fly tipping has been reported to Council on occasion and this has been followed up with
letters and/or fines sent to the culprit, if they could be identified.
Patrols are made of areas where fly tipping has occurred previously in an effort to
reduce the possibility of additional incidents of fly tipping being repeated.
Special attention is paid to litter and path cleaning at suburban shopping areas. The total
mass of street litter deposited in the landfill one particular year was recorded as 94
tonnes. However given the use of multipurpose vehicles it has not been possible to
separately identify the quantities of material collected from this source.

4.4.6 Public Litter Bins
Public litter bins tend to be standardised by shape and colour in each community
(although the Putāruru Community have taken it upon themselves to paint some bins
different colours), they are generally fitted with galvanised liners and plastic outer liners
to keep them in a sanitary condition. Issues include some overflowing bins during

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weekend summer months near food outlets, misuse by some operators for shop refuse,
and disposal of household waste by residents. During summer holidays and other peak
holiday periods additional "Holiday Bins" are provided in each of the main urban centres.
These bins utilise 200l steel drums to provide additional capacity during these busy
periods.

4.4.7 Abandoned Vehicles
In recent years this is not seen to be a problem as there is still a market for old car
bodies. Isolated instances are handled by reminders to frontage owners/occupiers,
followed by standard removal procedures under the Local Government Act.

4.4.8 Street Cleansing
Street cleansing between kerblines is undertaken under contract by Downer NZ , and a
specialist subcontractor who sweep street kerbs on frequencies varying from a few days
per week (for CBD areas), to weekly, monthly, and six monthly depending on the street
classification. They also clean out street sumps on semi-annual and annual frequencies
plus urban state highways by agreement with the NZ Transport Agency.

4.4.9 Stream, Lake, Park Cleaning
Recreation reserves and lake side reserves are maintained under contract by RYH Ltd
who undertake cyclic mowing and litter clearances.

4.4.10         Rural and Farm Waste
A study of farm waste management practices in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty was
carried out in 2014. This study found that a very large number of farms use one of the
‘three B’ methods of waste management – bury, burn, or bulk storage on property. The
study also estimated that there would be an average of 37 tonnes of waste disposed of
on each farm property.
The study concluded that better information, education and awareness of existing
alternatives is required. A better understanding of the risks, and associated indirect
costs involved in the current ‘three B’ practices would support this.
Some rural properties in the South Waikato are serviced by “Petes Bins” (Enviro Waste
NZ) with a wheelie bin and skip service. The only Council provided services available is
access to convenient recycling drop off centres and solid waste disposal sites at Putaruru
and Tokoroa which offer facilities for reception of some hazardous wastes.
The 3R Group operate a successful range of programmes including 'Agrecovery' of
agricultural and horticultural plastics. The nearest collection site is Farmlands in
Putaruru. The recovery of farm containers and chemicals is funded by 60 brand owners
but there are still waste products which are not funded by industry.
The Council recycling drop off centres appear to be well supported by farmers in the
District.
4.4.11         Hazardous Waste
Facilities are available at the solid waste disposal sites at Putaruru and Tokoroa for the
disposal of old farm chemicals, domestic chemicals/sprays, surplus paint, batteries,
fluorescent tubes/lamps, sharps (needles), whiteware (especially old fridges), and waste
oils. Wastes are documented at the kiosk and potentially hazardous material is stored in
specialised concrete storage sheds at Tokoroa. Material is accepted at no additional
charge as it is better to divert this type of waste from the landfill. A sample of vehicle
loads are checked each day by the kiosk operator for any product which could be
deemed potentially hazardous. Several times each year product is sent to specialist
hazardous waste contractors who document and report on the products and recycle
and/or destroy as appropriate. Intractable chemicals like 24D and 245T are still
presented in small quantities each year. Kiosk Operators and appropriate Council
Officers are trained in hazardous waste identification. The Contractor has now taken
over responsibility for operating and managing this facility in the new contract.

4.5 Assessment of Council-provided Solid Waste Services
The current mix of Contract and Council officer involvement in service delivery is
considered appropriate for the South Waikato. The move to user pays bags was a
deliberate attempt to introduce choice for customers and to ensure critical mass for a
reliable kerbside refuse collection service by Council.
The move to recycling crates and their ready availability at a discounted rate of $15 each
has proven successful and much safer for the collection contractor. Smaller 45l crates
are also available for residents who find the larger 60l crates too difficult to handle.
The Newell Road landfill is nearing the economic end of filling. The main resource
consent expires in October 2020 and the existing consented area is likely to be filled
before that date given current filling rates. Adjacent Council owned and designated land
is available for a new landfill cell and/or a refuse transfer station. Final decisions will
need to be made in 2018 as the lead times for designs, resource consents, construction
and new operational contracts for a refuse transfer station(s) can be expected to exceed
2 years. This issue has been examined in some detail since 2010 with the 'Economic
Evaluation of solid waste' by Harrison Grierson Consultants , WMMP12, and more
recently the 'landfill future options' (Doc SetID 324248) considered by Council (January
2015) for the Long Term Plan 2015, and a subsequent report (Doc Set 334276) to Council
on 12 February 2015.
Council resolved (2) 'That Option 2 ( use of the current cell until at maximum capacity
allowed by the resource consent then transport waste to an external landfill, Croad
Place site extended to accommodate transfer station) be considered as the preferred
planning option until the review of the Waste Management and Minimisation Plan and
the 2018-28 LTP finally address the issue'.
This issue will be updated and discussed in the options section of the WMMP17.

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4.6 Funding for Council-provided Services
The annual cost of providing solid waste services is $1,635,000. The breakdown of
categories is as follows:
      Street refuse and litter control             $217,000
      Kerbside refuse and recycling collections    $350,000
      Recycling processing -                       $300,000
      Solid waste disposal -                       $573,000
      Street (channel and sump) Cleansing –        $162,000
      Parks litter                                   $33,000.
Funding is outlined in Table 9. There are user pays elements in the purchase of official
refuse bags and gate fees on entry to solid waste disposal facilities. The gate fees are
struck to return 80% of solid waste disposal expenses in accordance with Council policy.
The current (2016/17) waste collection charge is $52.21 p.a. for each part of a rating unit
provided with a waste collection service, and producing $363,465 p.a. (excl. GST). The
current District recycling charge is $48.15 p.a. on each inhabited part of a rating unit
(with certain criteria), and producing $446,079 (excl. GST).         (Ref Annual Plan
2016-17)
Overall, the solid waste and recycling activity is funded 56% from rates, and 45% from
user charges.                                                (ref Long Term Plan 2015-25)

4.7 Non-Council Services
There are a number of non-Council waste and recycling/reuse service providers
operating in the District:
Envirowaste Solutions Ltd. operate a depot in Wawa Road, Kinleith for their 'Petes Bins'
brand wheelie bin and skip refuse collection business and to consolidate loads of refuse
which is shipped out of District to the Waitomo District landfill. Tonnages being exported
were estimated in excess of 3,000 tonnes per annum in 2011. Envirowaste are active in
both urban and rural sectors.
Greenfingers Garden Bags Ltd operate a garden greenwaste collection service which is
shipped out of District. The parent Company (Earthcare Environmental) operate a
“Citywide” kerbside wheelie bin service and use the Council landfill for disposal.
Tonnages are less than 300 tonnes per annum.
The South Waikato Achievement Trust collect industrial and commercial recyclables
from the southern part of the district amounting to 800 to 1100 tonnes per annum. An
expanding part of their business is processing a broad range of e-waste at their
Thompson Street, Tokoroa plant. They are also Council's preferred contractor for
processing all municipal recyclables at Council's Croad Place Resource Recovery site.
Materials Processing Ltd operate the Kinleith Recycling collection and processing facility
exclusively for Oji Fibre Solutions Ltd., and operate a greenwaste composting and
processing facility on two sites at Wawa Road, Kinleith. They are also active in
processing wood based hog fuel for Kinleith use from local and regional facilities.
Mynoke Ltd. A significant volume of waste from the Kinleith pulp production is diverted
into the Iona Block, Kinleith where MyNoke Ltd are consented to vermicompost up to
140,000 tonnes of raw material per annum. It includes up to 13,000 tonne/year biosolids
from Hamilton City Council, and an additional 5,000 TPA biosolids from other Waikato
WWT plants. MyNoke also holds a separate consent within the Pinedale Block for
vermicomposting, where Kinleith wood solids is mixed with Fonterra sludges.
Fonterra have a large consented intensive irrigation scheme at Pinedale where 31,000m 3
of dairy liquid by-products were received in 2015/16 year. Their operation is a cut and
carry vegetation operation with no stock.

4.7.1 Assessment of Non-Council Services
The independent commercial contractors for refuse, greenwaste and recycling provide a
complimentary and competitive service to residents and commercial customers with few
controls or direction from Council. The only proviso is the lack of growth in diverting
recyclables from the municipal waste stream - as the activity is essentially non-
commercial, and the commercial sector may need some support from Council.
Residential customers have plenty of choice around more expensive wheelie bins and
can choose between using their recycling crates or purchasing refuse bags.
The large scale Kinleith and Fonterra industries are active in diverting and re using
valuable resources within the District.

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