An Overview of Impeachment - The A-MARK Foundation
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An Overview of
Impeachment
Feb. 10, 2020,
Seventh update
Dec. 20, 2019; Jan. 22, 2020; Jan. 25; Jan. 29; Jan. 31; Feb. 4; Feb. 5
Report Commissioned by
the A-Mark Foundation
www.Amarkfoundation.org
© 2019, 2020 A-Mark Foundation - This report is available for Fair Use.An Overview of Impeachment
I. What is Impeachment?
“Impeachment technically refers to a vote followed by a two-thirds majority in the fly by political actors and only rarely used
by the US House of Representatives to Senate to convict and remove — but there over the course of American history.”1
charge a high-ranking [federal] government aren’t a lot of details provided as to exactly
officer with misconduct and begin the how it needs to work or what constitutes an “The House impeachment process generally
process of removing him or her from office. impeachable offense. Unlike in the criminal proceeds in three phases: (1) initiation of the
… code, there are no elaborate rules of impeachment process; (2) Judiciary
procedure or vast set of detailed statutes Committee investigation, hearings, and
This is a process that is spelled out in the and case law to guide impeachment. It’s markup of articles of impeachment; and (3)
United States Constitution — it requires a fundamentally a political process built on the full House consideration of the articles of
majority vote of the House to impeach impeachment.”2
II. Our U.S Constitution on Impeachment
The following are all the words on impeachment in the U.S. Constitution.
Article I
Section 2: “ … The House of Representatives for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy
shall chuse [choose] their Speaker and other Affirmation. When the President of the United any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the
Officers; and shall have the sole Power of States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: United States: but the Party convicted shall
Impeachment.” And no Person shall be convicted without the nevertheless be liable and subject to
Concurrence of two thirds of the Members Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment,
Section 3: “ … The Senate shall have the sole present. Judgment in Cases of Impeachment according to Law.”
Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting shall not extend further than to removal from
Page 2 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
Article II
Section 2: “The President shall be principal Officer in each of the executive Section 4: “The President, Vice President
Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy Departments, upon any Subject relating to and all civil Officers of the United States,
of the United States, and of the Militia of the Duties of their respective Offices, and shall be removed from Office on
the several States, when called into the he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Impeachment for, and Conviction of,
actual Service of the United States; he may Pardons for Offences against the United Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and
require the Opinion, in writing, of the States, except in Cases of Impeachment. …” Misdemeanors.”
Article III
Section 2: “ … The Trial of all Crimes, State where the said Crimes shall have Place or Places as the Congress may by
except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be been committed; but when not committed Law have directed.”
by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the within any State, the Trial shall be at such
Notes
Presidents who have had “proposed articles of impeachment filed against them in the House of Representatives”3 include John Tyler, Andrew
Johnson, Grover Cleveland, Herbert Hoover, Harry S. Truman, Richard M. Nixon, Ronald W. Reagan, and George H. W. Bush, William J. Clinton and
Donald J. Trump.
Page 3 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
Table of Contents
Click page number to jump to selection
1. Background on the Impeachment Process .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2. Resolution Recommending the Start of Impeachment Hearings .............................................................................................................................. 6
3. Resolution to Begin Impeachment Inquiry Approved by the House ....................................................................................................................... 7
4. Were the impeachment investigations based on a resolution to start an inquiry conducted in private or public?................................................ 9
5. Date Public Impeachment Hearings Started After Impeachment Resolution was Passed by the House ............................................................ 10
6. Witnesses in the Impeachment Inquiry ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11
7. Articles of Impeachment Drafted and Voted on in Committee .............................................................................................................................. 15
8. House Vote on Articles of Impeachment.................................................................................................................................................................. 17
9. House Impeachment Managers .................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
10. Defense Team .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
11. House Informs Senate and Presents its Articles of Impeachment .......................................................................................................................... 22
12. Trial Begins as Oaths are Taken by Justice and Senators ......................................................................................................................................... 23
13. Senate Writ of Summons, Responses & Trial Briefs ................................................................................................................................................ 24
14. Senate Trial Procedures ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
15. Arguments by Both Parties, Senate Questioning, and Closing Arguments ............................................................................................................ 31
16. Witnesses & Depositions ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
17. Senate Deliberations .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
18. Senate Vote .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
19. Days Senate Impeachment Hearings Lasted ............................................................................................................................................................. 36
20. Days from Formal Impeachment Vote by the House to Senate Vote .................................................................................................................... 36
Page 4 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
III. The Process of Impeachment
The Event(s) Beginning the Process (Trigger) Toward Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
There were There were Formal Although
two unsuccessful impeachment there have
successful impeachment proceedings for been
resolutions resolutions William Clinton several
to start the starting in were triggered resolutions
Background on impeachment
process
1972 that
were not
in response to
the Starr
to impeach
Trump
1 the against
Andrew
related to
Watergate.5
report of
Sept. 10,
since 2017,
a more
Impeachment Johnson. From 1973- 1998, and its
recommendations by
wide-base
of support for impeachment
Process The trigger that led to the 1974, 17 unsuccessful
second successful resolution resolutions for various reasons Independent Counsel Ken Starr was triggered by a July 26,
and Johnson being impeached for impeaching Nixon were “for impeaching President Bill 2019,14 whistleblower memo
“was the firing of Secretary of introduced and referred to the Clinton on 11 grounds, including about their concerns after a
War Edwin M. Stanton, a Judiciary Committee.6 perjury, obstruction of justice, conversation with someone
Back to Table of Contents
Lincoln appointee and ally of witness-tampering and abuse of who had listened to the July 25,
One of the triggers for formal power, while providing graphic 2019, phone call between
the Radical Republicans in impeachment proceedings
Congress.”4 details of the sexual relationship Trump and Ukrainian President
against President Richard Nixon between the president and Volodymyr Zelenskiy. 15
was “The Saturday Night former White House intern
Massacre,”7 when Nixon The concern was that in asking
Monica Lewinsky.” 11 The report a foreign power to investigate a
ordered the firing of Special was a result of the Independent
Prosecutor Archibald Cox8 on political challenger in the 2020
Counsel investigation [which presidential race and his son,
Oct. 20, 1973,9 during the began on Jan. 20, 1994] 12 into
investigation into the June 17, who was on the Board of the
what was known as Ukrainian natural gas company
1972, break-in of the “Whitewater” and “any possible
Democratic Party’s national Burisma, was at least improper
violations of law relating in any if not an impeachable offense.
headquarters10 in the way to” Clinton’s relationship
Page 5 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
Watergate apartment-hotel with the Whitewater
complex in D.C. Development Corporation, and
other matters.13
1-7-1867: The resolution to 2-4-1974: Rep. Peter W. 10-5-1998: The “Republican- 8-22-2019: “House Judiciary
start an impeachment Rodino, Jr. [D-NJ-10] of the controlled House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry
inquiry that ended in a House Judiciary Committee Committee” recommended Nadler on Thursday [Aug. 22,
Resolution House vote16 was presented
by Representative James M.
introduced “H.Res.803 -
Resolution providing
an impeachment inquiry by a
vote of 21 to 16. Resolution
2019] asked four House
panels investigating
2 Recommending
Ashley of Ohio on Jan. 7, appropriate power to the “H.Res. 581 - Authorizing and President Donald Trump to
1867, charging high crimes Committee on the Judiciary directing the Committee on share documents and other
the Start of and misdemeanors. 17 to conduct an investigation the Judiciary to investigate information to aid his
of whether sufficient whether sufficient grounds committee’s investigation
Impeachment The second was a resolution
for impeachment without an grounds exist to impeach exist for the impeachment of into whether to file articles
Hearings inquiry. Richard M. Nixon, President
of the United States.” 18
William Jefferson Clinton,
President of the United
of impeachment against the
president.”20
States” was introduced to the 9-17-2019: The first
House on Oct. 7, 1998, by
Back to Table of Contents impeachment hearing by
Rep. Henry J. Hyde, [R-IL-6] of House Democrats was held
the House Judiciary on Sept. 17, 2019. 21
Committee.19
9-24-2019: Formal
Impeachment Inquiry –
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi
announced a formal
impeachment inquiry on
Sept. 24, 2019.
10-29-2019: “Chairman of
the House Rules Committee
James McGovern introduced
House resolution H.Res.660,
along with a fact sheet,
outlining procedures going
forward for the
Page 6 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
impeachment inquiry into
the president.”
10-30-2019: “On Oct. 30,
after robust discussion and
the rejection of 18
amendments offered by
Republicans, the Rules
Committee reported the
resolution favorably with a
9-4 party-line vote.”22
1-7-1867: There were two 2-6-1974 : “… on Feb. 6, 10-8-1998: “The Republican- 10-31-2019: “The
successful impeachment 1974, the [Democratic- controlled House voted [258- [Democratic-controlled]
resolutions against Johnson, controlled] House of 176; H.Res.581]34 in October House of Representatives
the first one began an Representatives voted 410 [8,] 1998 to begin voted Thursday 232-196 to
inquiry and the other did to 4 to pass HR 803, impeachment proceedings pass a resolution [H.Res.660]
not. authorizing the House against Clinton after months formalizing its impeachment
Committee on the Judiciary of controversy over his inquiry into President
Rep. James M. Ashley of
Resolution to Ohio on Jan. 7, 1867, to investigate whether relationship with White Trump. Just two Democrats
3 Begin presented a resolution
charging Johnson with high
sufficient grounds existed to
impeach President Richard
House intern Monica
Lewinsky. That vote was
voted no — Reps. Collin
Peterson of Minnesota and
Nixon. The vote came nearly triggered by two rounds of Jeff Van Drew of New
Impeachment crimes and misdemeanors23
that passed a [Republican- a year after the U.S. Senate testimony given by Clinton Jersey.”38
created a select committee earlier in the year.” 35
Inquiry controlled] House vote of
109 to 36.24 to investigate the Nixon Committee on the Judiciary
Approved by Although there was an
campaign’s activities related
to the Watergate scandal
authorized to investigate. 36
inquiry, the Committee H.Res.581 - Authorizing and
the House decided not to impeach on
during the 1972 presidential
election.”33 directing the Committee on
June 3, 1867.25 On Nov. 25, the Judiciary to investigate
1867, it was reconsidered by whether sufficient grounds
Back to Table of Contents a Committee member.26 exist for the impeachment of
William Jefferson Clinton,
Page 7 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
“On December 6, 1867, at President of the United
the next session of Congress, States.37
the House took up for
consideration the resolution
proposed by the majority of
the committee” to impeach
Johnson27 but it was
defeated in the House 57 to
108.28
2-24-1868: On 2-21-1868 a
resolution is introduced by
Representative John Covode
of Pennsylvania29 to the
House to impeach Johnson
of high crimes and
misdemeanors.30 The second
successful impeachment
resolution was passed out of
committee31 on Feb. 24,
1868, and “…the Joint
Committee on
Reconstruction rapidly
drafted a resolution of
impeachment, which passed
the House on Feb. 24, 1868,
by a vote of 126 to 47.” 32
Page 8 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
“The impeachment of “After the Watergate “After its [Judiciary House impeachment
Were the President Johnson was first
proposed indirectly through
hearings ended, though, the
Judiciary Committee also
Committee] staff interviewed
various witnesses in private,
investigations were being
held in Committees before
4 impeachment general investigations”39
starting in 1866.
conducted several closed-
door hearings as it
the Judiciary Committee's
public hearings commenced
Nancy Pelosi formalized the
procedure on Sept. 24, 2019.
investigations The Judiciary Committee was proceeded with
impeachment.”42
on November 19 …”43 “Pelosi noted six existing
based on a appointed to investigate
after the first successful
House committees, including
the Judiciary and Oversight
resolution to resolution to start an inquiry
was passed on Jan. 7, 1867.
panels, would continue their
investigations of the Trump
start an inquiry “It appears that the
examination was conducted
administration …” 44
There was a mix of closed-
conducted in ex parte, there being no one
present to cross examine
door investigations /
private or witnesses on behalf of the
depositions and open
hearings held after Pelosi
President, nor does it appear
public? that any testimony was
formalized the impeachment
investigation
introduced at his suggestion
or sought to be introduced. After the resolution to start
Back to Table of Contents The witnesses were an impeachment inquiry was
examined generally by the passed by the House on Oct.
chairman or other members 31, 2019, private Committee
of the committee. In one investigations / hearings /
instance Mr. Benjamin F. depositions were conducted.
Butler, a Member of the “The 232-196 vote passed
House, but not a member of nearly along party lines, with
the committee, was no Republicans voting for
permitted to examine a the resolution and two
witness; but his examination Democrats voting against
was in no sense an it.”45
appearance in behalf of the
“Up till now [11-3-2019],
President, but rather the
most of the investigation has
reverse. In the minority
Page 9 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
views presented by Mr. been closed-door
Marshall the investigation is depositions, involving
spoken of as ‘a secret, ex Democrats and Republicans
parte one.’”40 They reported on three House panels —
their findings to the House. intelligence, oversight and
The second resolution did foreign affairs.” 46
not produce an investigation
or hearings as a team was
appointed to draft up articles
of impeachment directly. 41
5-9-1974: “On May 9, 1974, 11-19-1998: Public hearings 11-13-2019: The House
under the chairmanship of started Nov. 19, 1998, by Intelligence Committee
Peter Rodino, the [House House Judiciary Committee. 48 impeachment inquiry of
Judiciary] Committee began President Donald Trump
public hearings to review the began its public phase on
Date Public results of the Impeachment
Inquiry staff’s
Other hearing dates49 Nov. 13, 2019.50
12-1-1998
Impeachment investigation.” 47
12-8-1998
Witnesses were called and
cross-examined publicly.
5 Hearings 12-9-1998 12-3-2019: A 298-page
report titled “The Trump-
Started After 12-10-1998
Ukraine Impeachment
12-11-1998 Inquiry Report” was
Impeachment 12-12-1998 transmitted to the Judiciary
Resolution was Committee as required
under “required under
Passed by the House Resolution 660.” 51
12-4-2019: The House
House Committee on the Judiciary
then held its own public
hearings before deliberating
Back to Table of Contents for two days and voting to
Page 10 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
approve two articles of
impeachment on Dec. 13,
2019.
First inquiry52 - closed Closed testimony54 Public testimony Closed door testimony59
Witnesses in testimony53
“The following are the
7-2-1974
1. Alexander P. Butterfield,
11-19-199855
1. Judge Kenneth W. Starr
10-3-2019
1. Kurt Volker
6 the material portions of the former deputy assistant to 12-1-1998: 56 10-11-2019
testimony taken by the president
Impeachment House Committee on the 7-3-1974
2. Pam Parsons, former
Atlanta basketball coach
2. Marie Yovanovitch
10-14-2019
Inquiry Judiciary under authority of
the resolutions passed by the
2. Paul L. O’Brien, former
counsel to Nixon campaign
convicted of perjury 3. Fiona Hill
House of Representatives on 3. Barbara Battalino, 10-15-2019
March 7, 1867, for the 3. Fred C. La Rue, former California resident also 4. George Kent
Back to Table of Contents impeachment of Andrew campaign special assistant to convicted of perjury
campaign directors 10-16-2019
Johnson. 12-8-199857 - defense 5. Michael McKinley, former
Eighty-nine witnesses were 7-9-1974 witnesses policy adviser to Secretary of
summoned before the 4. William O. Bittman,
4. Nicholas Katzenbach, State Mike Pompeo
committee. All of them were former counsel to E. Howard
Hunt former U.S. Attorney General 10-17-2019
rigidly examined, and several
5. Sean Wilent, Princeton 6. Gordon Sondland
of them were called and 7-10-1974
examined the second and 5. John N. Mitchell, former history professor 10-22-2019
third times.” attorney general, former 7. William Taylor
6. Samuel Beer, Harvard
Nixon campaign director professor 10-23-2019
7-11-1974 8. Laura Cooper
7. Bruce Ackerman, Yale Law
6. John W. Dean III, former professor 10-26-2019
counsel to president 9. Philip Reeker, acting
8. Elizabeth Holtzman, former assistant secretary of state
7-12-1974 congress person for European and Eurasian
7. Henry E. Petersen, affairs
Page 11 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
Assistant Attorney General 9. Wayne Owens, , former 10-29-2019
DOJ congress person 10. Alexander Vindman
7-[15-16]-1974 10. Father Robert Drinan 10-30-2019
8. Charles W. Colson, former 11. Catherine Croft, former
11. James Hamilton adviser to Volker on Ukraine
special counsel to President
7-[16-17]-1974 12. Richard Ben-Veniste policy
9. Herbert W. Kalmbach, 12-9-199858 12. Christopher Anderson,
former Nixon personal former specialist on Ukraine
attorney 13. Thomas P. Sullivan, senior at the State Department
partner at Jenner & Block
10-31-2019
14. Richard Davis, partner 13. Timothy Morrison
with law firm Weil, Gotschal
and Manges 11-6-2019
14. David Hale
15. Edward S.G. Dennis Jr.,
11-7-2019
partner at law firm Morgan,
15. Jennifer Williams
Lewis and Bockius
11-15-201960
16. William F. Weld, former
16. David Holmes, the top
Massachusetts governor political affairs officer at the
17. Ronald Noble, associate U.S. embassy in Kiev
professor at NYU Law School 11-16-201961
17. Mark Sandy, director of
national security programs
at the Office of Management
and Budget.
Public Testimony
11-13-201962
1. George Kent, the deputy
assistant secretary of state
Page 12 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
for European and Eurasian
affairs
2. William Taylor, the top
U.S. diplomat in Ukraine.
11-15-201963
3. Marie Yovanovitch,
former U.S. ambassador to
Ukraine
11-19-201964
4. Jennifer Williams, an aide
to Vice President Mike Pence
5. Lieutenant Colonel
Alexander Vindman, who
serves as the director for
European affairs at the
National Security Council
6. Ambassador Kurt Volker,
the former U.S. special
envoy to Ukraine
7. Tim Morrison, a White
House aide with the National
Security Council focusing on
Europe and Russia policy
11-20-201965
8. Ambassador Gordon
Sondland, U.S. Ambassador
to the European Union
9. Laura Cooper, the deputy
assistant secretary of
defense for Russian,
Page 13 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
Ukrainian, and Eurasian
Affairs
10. David Hale, the under
secretary of state for
political affairs
11-21-201966
11. Fiona Hill, former
National Security Council
senior director for Europe
and Russia
12. David Holmes, an
American diplomat stationed
in Ukraine67
12-4-2019 68
Called by Democrats
13. Noah Feldman, a Harvard
Law professor
14. Pamela Karlan, a law
professor at Stanford
15. Michael Gerhardt, a law
professor at the University
of North Carolina
Called by Republicans
16. Jonathan Turley, George
Washington University
12-9-201969
17. Barry Berke, staff lawyer
for Democratic House
committees
Page 14 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
18. Daniel Goldman, staff
lawyer for Democratic House
committees
19. Stephen Castor,
Republican lawyer
2-24-1868: “Immediately, 7-1974: “In July 1974, [July 12-11-1998: On Dec. 9, 1998, 12-13-2019: “Following two
[Feb. 24, 1868] the House 27, 29 and 30]73 the Judiciary House Judiciary Committee days of heated debate, the
proceeded to establish an Committee approved three Republicans released drafts of House Judiciary Committee
impeachment committee, articles of impeachment four articles of on Friday [12-13-2019]
appoint managers, and draft against Nixon.” 74 impeachment.76 approved two articles of
Articles of articles of impeachment.” 70 House Judiciary Committee On Dec. 11, the Committee impeachment against
President Donald Trump,
votes:75
Impeachment “The Johnson Impeachment
Committee produced the Article 1
voted and approved three of
the articles.77 It approved the sending them to the House
7 Drafted and charges that eventually
became the eleven articles of
Obstruction of justice, abuse fourth on Dec. 12.78 floor for a final vote. Both
articles were passed by a 23-
of power and contempt of The Committee vote on those 17 margin along party
Voted on in impeachment against
President Johnson.”71
Congress articles: lines.”79
July 27, 1974, vote – 27 to 11
Committee “Article 1 stated that Article 2
Article 1
Perjury
The House Judiciary
Committee submitted a 658-
Johnson ordered Stanton Abuse of power Passed 21 to 16 page report80 dated 12-13-
removed with the intent to July 29, 1974, vote – 28 to 10 Article 2 2019 7:48 p.m. and released
Back to Table of Contents violate the act.
Article 3 Perjury, written testimony on 12-16-201981 titled
Articles 2, 3 and 8 alleged Contempt of Congress “Impeachment of Donald J.
Passed 20 to 17
that the appointment of July 30, 1974, vote – 21 to 17 Trump President of the
Thomas, to replace Stanton, Article 3
United States.”
without the advice and Obstruction of justice
consent of the Senate was a Passed 21 to 16
further violation of the Article 4
Constitution. Abuse of office Article 1
Articles 4 [5, 6,] 7 accused Passed 21 to 16 Abuse of Power
Johnson of conspiring with (page 4 of the PDF)
Thomas to remove Stanton,
Page 15 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
citing such conspiracy as a Passed 23 to 17
‘high crime in office,’ thus Article 2
illegally depriving Stanton of Obstruction of Congress
his rightful position. … (page 5 of the PDF)
Article 9 accused Johnson of Passed 23 to 17
diverting orders and
instructions related to
military operations through
the general of the army,
bypassing Secretary Stanton.
Another article [Article 10],
proposed by Massachusetts
representative Benjamin
Butler, charged Johnson with
making speeches ‘with a loud
voice, certain intemperate,
inflammatory, and
scandalous harangues’ with
the intent to disgrace
Congress. This article was
initially rejected, but later
adopted as Article 10. The
final article [Article 11] was
championed by Thaddeus
Stevens, accusing Johnson of
declaring the 39th Congress
unconstitutional, since it was
a Congress of only part of
the states, and therefore did
not have legislative powers
nor the power to propose
constitutional amendments.
Page 16 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
This, argued Stevens, placed
Johnson in violation of his
presidential oath requiring
him to ‘take care that the
laws be faithfully
executed.’”72
3-2-1868: “Mar 2, [and 3rd] “Before the full House could 12-19-1998: On Dec. 19, 12-18-2019: The House
1868: House approved [11] vote on the articles of 1998, four articles of voted on and passed the two
articles of impeachment. impeachment, a previously impeachment were voted on articles of impeachment.
House Vote on House managers appointed.
… Senate adopted updated
undisclosed audio tape was
released that made clear
by the House, with Articles 1
and 3 passing: Article 1
8 Articles of rules of impeachment.”82 Nixon had a role in the Article 1 – on perjury Vote on – 695 – H RES 75592
cover-up.
Impeachment 3-2-1868: House votes for
approval on the Articles 83 He resigned from office on
“regarding the Paula Jones
case and [Clinton’s]
230 – Yeas
Democratic - 229
Article 1 Aug. 9, 1974.”85 relationship with Monica Independent - 1
127-42 (20 not voting) Lewinsky.”86
Back to Table of Contents 197 – Nays
Article 2 The House vote was 228-206. Republican - 195
“Only five Democrats voted Democratic - 2
124-41 (24 not voting)
for that article, and five
Article 3 Republicans against.”87 1 Present – 1 Democratic
124-40 (25 not voting) 3 – No-Vote
Article 2 – “The president
Article 4 provided perjurious, false and Democratic - 1
117-40 (32 not voting) misleading testimony in the Republican - 2
Article 5 Jones case in his answers to
127-42 (20 not voting) written questions and in his Article 2
deposition.”88 Vote on – 696 – H RES 75593
Article 6
127-42 (20 not voting) “Article II failed 229-205, with 229 – Ayes
many more Republican Democratic - 228
Article 7
defections.”89 Independent - 1
127-42 (20 not voting)
Article 3 – “The president
obstructed justice in an effort
Page 17 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
Article 8 to delay, impede, cover up 198 – Noes
127-42 (20 not voting) and conceal the existence of Republican - 195
Article 9 evidence related to the Jones Democratic - 3
case.”90 House passed 221-
108-41 (40 not voting) 1 – Present – Democratic
212.
3 – No-Vote
3-3-1868: House votes for Article 4 – “The president Democratic - 1
approval on the Articles 84 misused and abused his office Republican - 2
(pages 461-466) by making perjurious, false
and misleading statements to
Article 10 Congress.”91 House failed
(“additional article”) – 88-44 vote 285-148.
(57 not voting)
Article 11
109-32 (48 not voting)
House Managers94 House Managers House Managers
1. John A. Bingham (R-OH) 1. Henry J. Hyde (R-IL-6) 1. Adam Schiff
(D-CA-28), Intelligence
2. George S. Boutwell (R- 2. F. James Sensenbrenner
Committee Chairman
MA) Jr. (R-WI-9)
9 House
2. Jerrold Nadler
3. James F. Wilson (R-IA) 3. Bill McCollum (R-FL-8) (D-NY-10), House
Impeachment 4. Benjamin F. Butler (R-
MA) chief prosecuting
4. George W. Gekas (R-PA-
17)
Judiciary Committee
Chairman
Managers attorney
5. Charles T. Canady (R-FL- 3. Zoe Lofgren (D-CA-19)
5. Thomas Williams (R-
12) 4. Val Demings (D-FL-10)
PA)95
Back to Table of Contents 6. Steve Buyer (R-IN-5) 5. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY-
6. Thaddeus Stevens (R-PA
7. Ed Bryant (R-TN-7) 8)
7. John A. Logan (R-IL)
6. Sylvia Garcia (D-TX-29)
8. Steve Chabot (R-OH-1)
3-2-1868: “… House 7. Jason Crow (D-CO-6)
9. Bob Barr (R-GA-7)
managers appointed. ”96
Page 18 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
10. Asa Hutchinson (R-AR-3)
11. Chris Cannon (R-UT-3) 12-18-2019: Speaker Nancy
Pelosi stated during a press
12. James E. Rogan (R-CA-
conference after the House
27) passed the two Articles of
13. Lindsey Graham (R-SC-3) Impeachment that she was
not sending them to the
12-19-1998: House passes H.
Senate that night because "it
Res. 614, “Appointing and
is difficult to determine who
authorizing managers for the
the managers would be until
impeachment trial of William we see the arena in which
Jefferson Clinton, President of
we will be participating."102
the United States.”97
The Vote98 12/19-2019: House voted to
228 – Yeas adjourn for the holidays.103
Republican - 223
Democratic - 5 1/7/2020 : House back from
190 – Nays the holidays.104
Republican - 2 1-15-2020: The House voted
Democratic - 187 228 to 193 to pass H. Res.
Independent - 1 798 “Appointing and
17 – Not Voting authorizing managers for the
Republican - 3 impeachment trial of Donald
Democratic – 14 John Trump, President of the
United States"105 and to
“All of the managers for authorize sending the two
Clinton's impeachment were Articles of Impeachment
members of the Judiciary against President Donald
Committee …” 99 Trump to the Senate.
Page 19 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
1-6-1999: H. Res. 10 The Vote106
“Appointing the authorizing 228 –Yeas
managers for the Democratic - 227
impeachment trial of William Independent - 1
Jefferson Clinton, President of 193 – Nays
the United States” passed to Republican - 192
reappoint the managers when Democrat - 1
the House reconvened in the
106th Congress on 1-6- 9 – Not Voting
1999.100 Democratic - 4
Republican - 5
The resolution, submitted by
The Vote101 Jerrold Nadler (D-NY-10),
223 – Yeas states that the seven
Republican - 218 managers are appointed “to
Democratic – 5 conduct the impeachment
trial against Donald John
198 – Nays Trump, President of the
Democratic - 197 United States, that a
message be sent to the
Independent - 1
Senate to inform the Senate
7 – Not Voting of these appointments …” 107
Republican - 3
“The staffs of the House
Democratic – 4
Permanent Select
Committee on Intelligence,
the Committee on the
Judiciary, and the
Committee on Oversight and
Reform are assisting the
Managers during the
impeachment trial.” 108
Page 20 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
Defense Team109 Defense Team112 Defense Team113
1. Henry Stanbery 1. Gregory Craig 1. Pat Cipollone
lead, Attorney General110 White House counsel White House counsel
10 Defense Team 2. William M. Evarts 2. Cheryl Mills 2. Jay Sekulow
New York attorney, deputy White House private attorney
former attorney counsel
Back to Table of Contents 3. Ken Starr
general111 3. Charles F.C. Ruff former Independent
3. Benjamin Robbin Curtis Watergate prosecutor Counsel in the President
of Boston, former 4. David E. Kendall Clinton investigation
Supreme Court Justice private attorney 4. Alan Dershowitz
4. Thomas A.R. Nelson 5. Dale Bumpers Harvard law professor
Judge from Tennessee former Arkansas Senator 5. Robert Ray
5. William S. Groesbeck 6. Bruce Lindsey former head of the
Ohio attorney deputy White House Office of the
counsel Independent Counsel
7. Lanny A. Breuer 6. Jane Raskin
White House special former federal
counsel prosecutor
8. Nicole K. Seligman 7. Pam Bondi
private attorney former Florida Attorney
General
8. Patrick Philbin
deputy to Cipollone
9. Mike Purpura
deputy to Cipollone
Page 21 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
2-25-1868: “House informed “Following President Nixon’s 12-19-1998: “[House 1-15-2020: Pelosi signed the
House Informs Senate of impeachment
vote.”114
resignation, the House
adopted a resolution to
Judiciary] Committee
Chairman Henry Hyde, who
Articles of Impeachment at
an Engrossment Ceremony,
11 Senate and
‘accept’ the House Judiciary will prosecute the case in the and then the Impeachment
2-28-1868: “Rules of
procedure in impeachment Committee’s report Senate, delivered the Managers followed House
Presents its trials reported in the recommending
impeachment, but there was
impeachment articles to the
Secretary of the Senate at 3
Clerk Cheryl Johnson120 as
she carried the Articles to
Articles of Senate.” 115
3-4-1868: “House presented
no vote adopting the articles p.m. ET. [Dec. 19, 1998]” 118 the Senate where she
and thereby impeaching the presented the Articles to the
Impeachment articles of impeachment to
the Senate.” 116
former President, and
1-7-1999: House Managers
exhibited the Articles of Secretary of the Senate Julie
consequently there was no Impeachment to the Senate Adams.121 Schiff introduced
Senate trial.” 117 and the Chief Justice of the the House Managers and
Back to Table of Contents read the Articles of
United States.119
Impeachment.122
Page 22 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
3-5-1868: “With Chief Justice 1-7-1999: “A Senate trial 1-16-2020: At 2:10 p.m. ET,
Salmon P. Chase presiding, against Clinton commenced Chief Justice John Roberts
Senate trial began at 1:00 on Jan. 7, 1999, and unfolded was sworn in by President
12 Trial Begins as
p.m.”123 He was sworn in124 over four weeks, with Chief Pro Tempore Sen. Chuck
by Judge Nelson.125 Justice William Rehnquist Grassley (R-IA). The Chief
Oaths are The Chief Justice gave the presiding.”128 It began a little Justice then swore in 99
after 1 p.m. ET. Senators as jurors, who then
Taken by oath to the Senators (absent
were Doolittle (VT), The Chief Justice was sworn in signed the impeachment
oath book.131 Sen. Jim Inhofe
Justice and Patterson (NH), Saulsbury
(DE), Edmunds (VT).)126
by the President Pro Tempore
and then was responsible for (R-OK) was not sworn in as
Senators Edmunds, Patterson and
Vickers sworn in 3-13-
swearing in the 100 senators
as jurors, who then signed the
he was not in D.C. at the
time.132
1868.127 oath book.129 McConnell secured approval
(Date of beginning of trial in for three unanimous consent
red) House Managers exhibited
the Articles of agreements from the Chief
Impeachment.130 Justice for details of the
impeachment trial, including
Back to Table of Contents
issuance of a summons,
printing of trial paperwork,
deadlines for filing of the
president’s trial briefs and
the House rebuttal.133
Page 23 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
3-7-1868: Sergeant at Arms 1-8-1999: Precept issued. 138 1-16-2020: Precept received
Senate Writ of George Brown presented a
“Writ of Summons” signed
1-8-1999: Senate Majority
Leader Trent Lott (R-MS)
by the Secretary of the
Senate. 150
13 Summons, by Chief Justice Salmon P.
Chase to President Johnson,
submitted S. Res. 16, “A 1-16-2020: The Senate
resolution to provide for the issued a summons to be
Responses & “who chose not to appear at
trial.”134
issuance of a summons and delivered to Donald John
Trial Briefs 3-13-1868: Plea of the
for related procedures
concerning the articles of
Trump by the Sergeant at
Arms of the United States
Back to Table of Contents president entered by impeachment against William Senate, Michael C. Stenger,
Stanbery in reply to the Jefferson Clinton, President of notifying the President that
summons. The House the United States,” that is he was to provide an
Manager Bingham made a agreed to unanimously in the “answer” to the Articles of
statement noted as the Senate.139 impeachment against him no
Replication and reported by Sergeant at Arms of the later than 6 p.m. 1-18-2020.
the Secretary. 135 United States James W. Ziglar The summons was served to
3-23-1868: President Andrew was tasked with delivering the White House and
received by Derek S. Lyons at
Johnson’s “Answer” to the summons [page 776]
Article III of the Articles of witnessed by Strom 5:25 p.m.151
Impeachment and other Thurmond.140 The receipt of 1-18-2020: Impeachment
articles were read by summons is dated 1-8-1999141 Managers released a trial
Curtis.136 with a copy to Charles Ruff at brief in response to the
3-24-1868: The House 5:27 p.m. Senate summons, and it was
Managers presented their 1-11-1999: The Secretary of received by the Secretary of
the Senate 1-18-2020. Trial
Replication to the president’s the Senate received White
Answer. 137 House “Answers” to the Memorandum and
summons. Under Preamble in Statement of Material
the response, the following is Facts in the impeachment
stated: “The Charges in the trial of the President of the
Articles Do Not Constitute United States, Donald J.
High Crimes or Trump. 152 153
Misdemeanors.”142
Page 24 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
1-11-1999: The Secretary of 1-18-2020: President
the Senate received the trial Trump’s lawyers Jay Sekulow
brief [page 71] filed by the and Pat Cipollone send 6-
House titled “Trial page “Answer” to the House
Memorandum of the United Managers’ impeachment
States House of charges. It starts with: “The
Representatives.” 143 The articles of Impeachment
summary read in part: “The submitted by House
evidence contained in the Democrats are a dangerous
record, when viewed as a attack on the right of the
unified whole, American people to freely
overwhelmingly supports choose their President.”154
both charges.”144 Received by the Secretary of
1-13-1999: The Secretary of the Senate 1-18-2020. 155
the Senate received the trial 1-20-2020: Counsel to
brief filed by the President President Trump submitted
“Trial Memorandum of a 171-page trial brief titled
President William Jefferson “Trial Memorandum Of
Clinton.” 145 In the President Donald J. Trump.”
introduction it stated: “ …The Received by the Secretary of
Articles of Impeachment that the Senate 1-20-2020. 156
have been exhibited to the The Executive Summary
Senate fall far short of what begins: “The Articles of
the Founding Fathers had in Impeachment now before
mind when they placed in the the Senate are an affront to
hands of the Congress the the Constitution and to our
power to impeach and democratic institutions. The
remove a President from Articles themselves—and
office.” the rigged process that
1-14-1999: Replication [page brought them here—are a
735] of the House received by brazenly political act by
the Secretary of the Senate. 146 House Democrats that must
Page 25 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
The Preamble began: “ The be rejected.” This is the final
House of Representatives written document that the
denies each and every President’s counsel was
material allegation in the required to present before
Preamble to the Answer, trial.157
including the sections entitled 1-20-2020: House Managers
“The Charges in the Articles at noon filed a 9-page
Do Not Constitute High replication, a rebuttal to
Crimes or Misdemeanors” Trump’s “Answers” of 1-18-
and “The President Did Not 2020, with the Secretary of
Commit Perjury or Obstruct the Senate. It was titled
Justice.” 147 “Replication to the Response
1-14-1999: Rebuttal brief to the Summons of President
[page 740] filed by the House Donald J. Trump to the
received by the Secretary of Articles of Impeachment.”
the Senate. 148 The The First sentence of the
Introduction began: “The Preamble: “The House
President’s Trial denies each and every
Memorandum contains allegation and defense in the
numerous factual Preamble to the Answer.”158
inaccuracies and 1-21-2020: Secretary of the
misstatements of the Senate received the House
governing law and the rebuttal brief. 159
Senate’s precedents.”149
Page 26 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
3-2-1868: “Senate adopted 1-8-1999: “In a closed-door 1-21-2020: Senate convened
updated rules of meeting, the Senate as a Court of Impeachment
impeachment.”160 unanimously agrees on a at 10:18 a.m. PT. Chief
Senate Trial Some of the rules included:
process for continuing the Justice John Roberts gave
14 Procedures “XVIII. If a senator wishes a
trial, but puts off deciding the
sticking point — whether to
the oath to the only Senator
who wasn’t present at the
question to be put to a call witnesses.” 164 previous swearing in, Inhofe,
witness, or to offer a motion who signed the oath book.166
or order, (except a motion to Some of the trial procedures
Back to Table of Contents agreed to in S. Res. 16: There were debates and
adjourn,) it shall be reduced
to writing, and put by the “Arguments on such motions votes on S. Res. 483, Senate
shall begin at 1:00 p.m. on Majority Leader Mitch
presiding officer.
Wednesday, January 13, McConnell’s (R-KY) proposed
XIX. At all times while the 1999, and each side may impeachment trial rules
Senate is sitting upon the determine the number of resolution titled “To provide
trial of an impeachment the persons to make its for related procedures
doors of the Senate shall be presentation, following which concerning the articles of
kept open, unless the Senate the Senate shall deliberate impeachment against
shall direct the doors to be and vote on any such Donald John Trump,
closed while deliberating motions. Following the President of the United
upon its decisions.” disposition of these motions, States.”
3-5-1868: Trial began with or if no motions occur then at S. Res. 483 “Resolution
procedural motions.161 1:00 p.m. on Thursday, agreed to in Senate without
January 14, 1999, the House
3-13-1868: Chief Justice amendment by Yea-Nay
of Representatives shall make Vote. 53 - 47.”167
Salmon P. Chase swore in the
[its] presentation in support
House Managers for the Seven amendments to these
of the articles of
trial.162 proposed rules were
impeachment for a period of
time not to exceed 24 hours. presented by Senate
… Following the House of Minority Leader Chuck
“On the advice of counsel,
Representatives presentation, Schumer (D-NY) and all were
the president did not appear
the President shall make his tabled by Senate votes of 53
at the trial, although he did
presentation for a period not to 47.168
agree to a number of press
to exceed 24 hours as
Page 27 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
interviews during the trial outlined in the paragraph 1. S.Amdt. 1284 To
process.”163 above with reference to the subpoena certain White
House of Representatives House documents and
presentation. Upon the records.
conclusion of the President's 2. S.Amdt. 1285 To
presentation, Senators may subpoena certain
question the parties for a Department of State
period of time not to exceed documents and records.
16 hours.”165 3. S.Amdt. 1286 To
subpoena certain Office of
Management and Budget
documents and records.
4. S.Amdt. 1287 To
subpoena John Michael
"Mick" Mulvaney.
5. S.Amdt. 1288 To
subpoena certain
Department of Defense
documents and records.
6. S.Amdt. 1289 To
subpoena Robert B. Blair and
Michael P. Duffey.
7. S.Amdt. 1290 To prevent
the selective admission of
evidence and to provide for
appropriate handling of
classified and confidential
materials.
Page 28 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
1-22-2020: The debate on
trial rules continued on
Tuesday 1-21-2020 into
Wednesday morning.
Five amendments to these
proposed rules were
presented by Senate
Minority Leader Chuck
Schumer (D-NY) and all were
tabled by Senate votes of 53
to 47, except S.Amdt. 1293
which was voted on 52-
48.169
1. S.Amdt. 1290 To prevent
the selective admission of
evidence and to provide for
appropriate handling of
classified and confidential
materials.
2. S.Amdt. 1291 To
subpoena John Robert
Bolton.
3. S.Amdt. 1292 To provide
that motions to subpoena
witnesses or documents
shall be in order after the
question period.
4. S.Amdt. 1293 To allow
additional time to file
responses to motions.
Page 29 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
5. S.Amdt. 1294 To help
ensure impartial justice by
requiring the Chief Justice of
the United States to rule on
motions to subpoena
witnesses and documents.
“Senators adopted the
updated resolution [S. Res.
483], 53-47, shortly before 2
a.m. Wednesday morning.
There were 12 roll call votes.
170
Some of the final procedures
that were passed: “… the
House of Representatives
shall make its presentation
in support of the articles of
impeachment for a period of
time not to exceed 24 hours,
over up to 3 session days.
Following the House of
Representatives'
presentation, the President
shall make his presentation
for a period not to exceed 24
hours, over up to 3 session
days. Each side may
determine the number of
persons to make its
presentation. Upon the
conclusion of the President’s
presentation, Senators may
Page 30 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
question the parties for a
period of time not to exceed
16 hours.”171
3-30-1868 to 4-20-1868: 1-(14-15-16)-1999: The House 1-[22-23-24]-2020: Opening
Arguments by Opening arguments and
testimony.172
Managers presented their
case to the Senate.176
arguments began in the
afternoon session with
15 Both Parties, - 3-30-1868 to 4-9-1868: 1-(19-20)-1999: President’s House Manager Adam Schiff
making a presentation, and
Prosecution presented its counsel presented its case to
Senate case.”173 the Senate.177 the House Managers’
arguments continued on 1-
Questioning, - 4-15-1868 to 4-20-1868:
Defense presented its
1-(22-23)-1999: Senate posed
questions to the House
23-2020 and 1-24-2020.
and Closing case.174 Managers and President’s
counsel.178
1-[25-27-28]-2020:
President’s counsel
Arguments 4-22-1868: Summary phase
of trial began, and ended on 1-27-1999: The Senate
presented their opening
arguments for three days
5-7-1868.175 rejected a motion, Yea – 44 to starting Saturday 1-25-2020
Nay – 56, in Vote No. 4 “Byrd and continued on Monday 1-
Back to Table of Contents
motion to dismiss the 27-2020 and concluded on 1-
impeachment 28-2020.182
proceedings.”179
1-[29-30]-2020: Senate
2-4-1999: The Senate voted question and answer period
down a Daschle motion 56 to began on 1-29-2020 and
44 to proceed to closing continued through 1-30-
arguments.180 2020.183
2-8-1999: Parties presented 2-3-2020: Senate heard
final arguments to the closing statement from
Senate.181 House Managers and
president’s counsel. Both
sides were given a total of
Page 31 of 44An Overview of Impeachment
A. B. C. D.
Andrew Johnson (D) Richard Nixon (R) Bill Clinton (D) Donald Trump (R)
(Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House) (Republican-controlled House) (Democratic-controlled House)
four hours divided
equally.184
The impeachment trial 1-27-1999: Senate votes Yea - 1-31-2020: Senate voted
included 41 witnesses, 56 to Nay - 44 to pass Vote down the motion to
“testimony of 25 prosecution No. 5 “On the Motion (House subpoena witnesses 51 –
and 16 defense Mgrs. motion to subpoena Nay to 49 – Yea.199
16 Witnesses &
witnesses.”185 (40 separate witnesses …”189 “2. Motion to table Schumer
individuals, one called by
1-28-1999: Sen. Trent Lott (R- amendment #1295, to
Depositions both sides)186 MS) submitted a resolution subpoena Mulvaney, Bolton,
Witness List187 (P=for the that was agreed to Duffy, Blair and White
prosecution; D=for the concerning procedures for House, OMB, DOD and State
Back to Table of Contents defense)188 depositions,190 S.Res.30 “A Department documents;
3-31-1868: resolution relative to the tabled: 53-47.
1. William McDonald, a clerk of the procedures concerning the 3. Motion to table Schumer
Senate (P) Articles of Impeachment
2. J.W. Jones, keeper of the amendment #1296, to
against William Jefferson
stationery of the Senate (P) subpoena John Bolton;
3. Charles C. Creecy, appointing Clinton.” 191 tabled: 51-49.
clerk of the Treasury Dept. (P)
1-29-1999: Subpoenas issued 4. Motion to table Schumer
4. Burt Van Horn, New York
congressman (P) for witnesses Monica S. amendment #1297 to
5. James K. Moorhead, Pennsylvania Lewinsky, Vernon E. Jordan, subpoena John Bolton;
congressman (P) Jr., and Sidney Blumenthal. 192
6. Walter A. Burleigh, Dakota provided further that there
delegate in Congress (P) 2-(1-2-3)-1999: The three be one day for a deposition
4-1-1868: witnesses were deposed. presided over by Chief
7. Samuel Wilkeson (P)
2-4-1999: The Senate voted Justice, and one day for live
8. George W. Karsner (P)
4-2-1868: unanimously to admit the testimony before the
9. Thomas W. Ferry, congressman
videotaped testimony into Senate, both of which must
from Michigan (P) occur within 5 days of
10. General William H. Emory (P) evidence,193 and to call
witnesses to testify on the adoption of the underlying
11. Lt.-Col. George W. Wallace (P)
12. William E. Chandler (P) Senate floor.194 resolution; tabled: 51-49.
13. Charles A. Tinker, telegrapher (P)
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