Basic Guidelines for Cultural Heritage Professionals in the Use of Information Technologies - How can ICT support cultural heritage?
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Tamara Brizard Editor: Halina Gottlieb Willem Derde The Interactive Institute Neil Silberman Basic Guidelines for Cultural Heritage Professionals in the Use of Information Technologies How can ICT support cultural heritage?
Tamara Brizard
Willem Derde
Neil Silberman
Basic Guidelines for
Cultural Heritage
Professionals in the Use
of Information Technologies
Editor: Halina Gottlieb
The Interactive Institute How can ICT support cultural heritage?
Basic Guidelines... 2
Basic Guidelines...
In recent years, digital heritage has begun produced a wide range of applications professionals must understand what ICT can
to transform the process of re-creating and for collecting and processing historical do, and in which situations or contexts it is
understanding the past. This new field, data, documenting and monitoring the most effective. With the rapid development
which integrates the traditional expertise of physical conservation of objects and of digital applications for historical research
heritage management, museology, history, monuments, visualising historic structures and public heritage presentation, the
and archaeology with the powerful new and environments, and creating interactive integration of digital technologies into
tools of digital information technologies, information networks that can link the field of cultural heritage must be
has tremendous potential for addressing professionals and scholars with students, undertaken with the full awareness of their
the new challenges and concerns of the museum-goers, and interested amateurs. potential uses and effects.
heritage sector in the st century. The integration of heritage with digital
technology has already shown the potential This KNOWHOW booklet, based on
Within the heritage and historical for greatly enhancing many aspects of principles in the final draft of the ICOMOS
disciplines, the past is no longer only the the research, management, and public Charter for the Interpretation and
domain of specialised scholars, but is involvement in the material remains of the Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites
also seen as a resource for the economic past. (informally known around the world as
development of local communities and the “Ename Charter”) and on the EPOCH
regions, a medium for cultural identity and However, it is important to understand that Sector Watch surveys and Research Agenda,
cross cultural communication, an edifying ICT is a complex field whose contribution will offer cultural heritage professionals
destination for cultural tourists, and a to cultural heritage can only be realised if important examples of how emerging
focus for educational enrichment. At the it is utilised in effective, sustainable ways. digital applications and methods can serve
same time, the digital information and It cannot be considered an immediate their wider needs.
communications technologies (ICT) have or magical cure-all. Cultural heritage
3
Basic Guidelines...
What are these guidelines This activity consisted of a detailed
Considerations for integrating
based on? inventory of the ICT needs of various
ICT with cultural heritage
Working with the partners in the EPOCH classes of cultural heritage stakeholders,
Network of Excellence, the Ename Center an inventory of technologies that were
The following are a few basic
for Public Archaeology and Heritage or could be used in processing cultural
questions which are directly relevant
Presentation participated in the EPOCH heritage data and an analysis of success
to the integration of ICT in the cultural
Sector Watch activities, as well as in the factors in the implementation of ICT systems
heritage sector, and are also central to
drafting of the ICOMOS Charter for the and usability of applications.
the goals of conservation and public
Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural
appreciation of heritage:
Heritage Sites. Both initiatives, which The Draft ICOMOS Charter on the
sought to enhance the effectiveness of Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural • What are the accepted and
ICT technology in the cultural heritage Heritage Sites acceptable objectives for the
field, contributed to the formulation of the Interpretation and Presentation at
guidelines described in this KNOWHOW The purpose of the ICOMOS Charter specific cultural heritage sites?
booklet. for Interpretation and Presentation of
Cultural Heritage Sites is to define the • How can ICT assist heritage
basic principles of Interpretation and professionals in achieving their
Bridging heritage and technology in EPOCH’s
Presentation as essential components of research, administrative, curatorial,
Sector Watch
heritage conservation efforts and as a and interpretive/educational aims?
From the inception of the EPOCH Network, means of enhancing public appreciation and • What considerations should help
its Sector Watch activities focused on understanding of cultural heritage sites. determine the choice of digital
creating an overview of the status and heritage applications given their
technology needs of the cultural heritage ICOMOS (the International Council on wide variety of specific forms and
sector, in order to enhance the cross- Monuments and Sites) is a worldwide techniques?
disciplinary understanding of all aspects of professional association of approximately
the use of ICT in this field. members working for the conservation
4
Basic Guidelines...
and protection of cultural heritage sites account the current transformations and What makes the field of cultural heritage a
through national committees and emerging structural trends in the field of particularly complex field for ICT integration
specialised international scientific cultural heritage itself. are its ever-widening dimensions. Vernacular
committees. architecture, industrial installations, cultural
The interface of culture and technology landscapes, battlefield remains and the
Throughout the drafting of the proposed upon which EPOCH focuses its efforts is countless forms and expressions of popular
ICOMOS Charter, principles that would not a static boundary, but a shifting area of and folk culture (including hand-woven
ensure the efficacy and sustainability of ICT potential collaboration, where institutions textiles, photographs, posters, and personal
were a continuing, important concern. in both the ICT and cultural heritage sectors memorabilia, etc.) are now expanding the
face challenges from changing economic traditional borders of what is legitimately
Why the need for principles conditions, evolving government policies, considered to be cultural heritage. Even
or guidelines? and altering intellectual perspectives. though the accepted methods of collecting
The evolving field of using ICT within In addition to these challenges are the and preserving intangible heritage are
cultural heritage has in recent years intensifying physical threats to heritage still being discussed and crystallised, the
produced a wide range of applications for of all types brought on by urbanisation close relationship of intangible ideas and
scholarly research, public interpretation, and climate change, the ever-expanding traditions to material objects, artifacts, and
and the marketing and management of marketisation of culture, and the use of cultural spaces suggests that “material” and
cultural heritage sites. The natural focus heritage in constructing social identity “intangible” are not separate categories
of the activities of the EPOCH network has in an age of increasing cultural diversity. of cultural heritage resources, but parts of
been specifically to identify and to develop The manner in which ICT will be able to an evolving whole in which the ideational
practical applications and actions that meet these new demands will determine and the physical are becoming inextricably
address the existing challenges to effective whether its future role in cultural heritage intertwined. Thus traditional notions of
and efficient integration of cultural heritage will go beyond the mere application of D- data collection, structure, and analysis and
and information technology. These are not visualisation or the enhanced presentation metadata standards must also take into
simply engineering challenges, however, of scientific information. account the non-physical as well as physical
as effective integration must also take into evidence.
5
Basic Guidelines...
In this dynamic and ever-changing heritage Intellectual and physical access and uniform visitor itineraries. But with
environment, the need for basic guidelines A basic goal in the contemporary the rapid evolution of ICT in recent years,
has become clear. management of heritage resources is to cultural heritage professionals now
facilitate a broad public awareness and have almost unlimited opportunities to
appreciation of cultural heritage sites. The expand the access of the general public
This KNOWHOW booklet is intended to to an impressive range of text-based and
accessibility of these sites should be of both
provide a basic introduction to six major multimedia information.
physical and intellectual character, providing
areas in which ICT can, if appropriately
the public with the opportunity to visit a site,
and effectively utilised, make a An interesting example of current
and to have the benefit of detailed, up-to-
contribution to the enhancement of possibilities for dramatically increased
date historical information about it.
cultural heritage for both professionals information access through digital
and the general public: technology is the ARCHEOGUIDE project,
Effective interpretation and first developed at the site of Olympia in
• Intellectual and Physical Access Greece. This project offers a compelling,
presentation should enhance
• Documentation and Site Recording user-friendly flow of heritage information to
experience, increase public respect
• Multiple Interpretive Contexts the visitor through an ICT system that links
and understanding, and communicate
• Preservation of Authenticity augmented reality, D-visualisation, mobile
the importance of conservation of
• Balancing Visitorship with computing, and multi-modal interaction
cultural heritage sites.
Conservation techniques.
• Facilitating Public Participation
ICOMOS Ename Charter Principle .
The ARCHEOGUIDE system consists of a
site information server and a set of mobile
The following pages will focus on these Before the advent of ICT, the objectives units that are carried by visitors. A wireless
thematic areas in greater detail and will in the Ename Charter were often difficult local network allows the mobile units to
describe some specific case-studies in the to achieve due to the static nature and communicate with the site information
effective use of ICT in each. space limitations of descriptive panels server. In addition, the site is equipped with
6
Basic Guidelines...
Outfitting a visitor with an Archeoguide View on the Philippion Temple at Ancient Olympia, What a visitor using Archeoguide sees with
augmented reality binocular Greece augmented reality
a locational tracking system to determine digital environment that complements the
the position and orientation of users physical experience. In cases where physical access to a
wearing the equipment. A very different challenge is encountered at cultural heritage site is restricted due
sites or monuments where substantial parts to conservation concerns, cultural
When in use, the visitor can access of the cultural heritage are inaccessible, sensitivities, adaptive re-use, or
information about the specific areas he or damaged, or lost. The use of off-site D- safety issues, interpretation and
she is walking through and gain a visual reconstructions can be useful in resolving presentation should be provided off-
impression of the original appearance the apparent contradiction between site.
of the site through augmented reality a legitimate concern for the physical
reconstructions. In fact, it will change and conservation of a particular monument ICOMOS Ename Charter Principle .
enhance the visitor’s personal experience of and the public’s right to have access to its
the site through immersion in content-rich cultural heritage.
7
Basic Guidelines...
An innovative example can be seen in Researchers from the University of
the techniques of ICT documentation Innsbruck, under the direction of Prof.
and presentation used at the beautifully Klaus Hanke, used both close-range
sculpted cenotaph (or empty tomb) of photogrammetry and D scanning
Emperor Maximilian I in the Hofkirche at techniques. A common geodetic control
Innsbruck, Austria, the residence of the point system was installed for both
Habsburg Dynasty from to . The methods. Photogrammetric work consisted
Hofkirche, with its tomb of German Emperor of stereo pairs and separate color images.
Maximilian I in the center of its nave, is D scanning was accomplished with a
one of the most famous and outstanding MENSI S for the overall structures and a
historical monuments in the state of Tyrol. GOM ATOS II at high resolution for the relief
plates.
Despite its cultural significance, for
centuries the emperor’s tomb had been
screened from visitors by a black iron
lattice and its finely carved marble reliefs
were covered by glass, further obstructing
visual access to the monument. However,
during brief restoration works in , the
lattice and glass plates were temporarily
removed, permitting a complete metric
documentation of the cenotaph and the
construction of a detailed D digital model
that would be available even after the
monument was re-covered with glass plates
View for the first time of the cenotaph of Emperor D reconstruction of the cenotaph of Emperor
and enclosed in the latticework.
Maximilian I without lattices and glass plates Maximilian I
8Basic Guidelines...
Documentation and site
recording Interpretation should show the range
Making cultural heritage sites accessible of oral and written information,
and understandable both to scholars and material remains, traditions, and
the general public is dependent above all meanings attributed to a site. The
upon data, on the kind of information that sources of this information should
has been collected (through architectural be documented, archived, and made
studies, archaeological excavations, accessible to the public.
archival research, and materials analysis)
and the way in which that data has been ICOMOS Ename Charter principle .
structured.
Different perspectives of reconstructed details
from the cenotaph
In recent years, great strides in the Digital visualisations, including Virtual
management and processing of heritage Reality and D reconstructions, have
With the GOM scanner, several scans had data have been made with the development recently become important elements of the
to be taken for every plate because of the of a wide range of digital database documentation of cultural heritage sites.
limited field of view at high resolution and applications and Geographical Information New ICT applications have begun to utilise
to reduce the amount of hidden areas due Systems (GIS), whose potential for cross- visualisations in a systematic way.
to the complex D scenes. But the result was referencing and comparison is great. In
a highly accurate and detailed visualisation addition to structural and physical data, One of the most comprehensive efforts
for both scholarly and public use. new categories of intangible heritage are to collect and structure visualisation data
now being systematically collected and is the D MURALE DATABASE PROJECT
These examples show the enormous inventoried. ICT can offer new applications carried out at the site of Sagalassos in
potential of ICT to enhance access to to link the entire spectrum of heritage Turkey. This project developed methods
cultural heritage sites and the information resources. of photogrammetric reconstruction by
they contain. calibrated cameras to acquire multiple
9Basic Guidelines...
pictures of an object or landscape to
determine its position and shape. The
advantage of using photogrammetric
reconstruction in comparison to other
techniques is that it delivers high accuracy
D data. In addition, this portable
technology can easily be taken into the
field. The information collected was then
processed in a stratigraphic visualisation
tool, STRAT, to provide plan, profile and
perspective views of the data, allowing for
the temporal structuring and visualization
of landscapes, buildings and objects.
Example D view using STRAT. Different levels can be seen
A typical digital camera with calibration target and
camera positions tagged by pyramids
alternative or refined reconstructions based on communicate data relating to community
the same evidence to be made. memory and intangible heritage, such as
In this way, the data on which the visualisations the MUVI, the VIRTUAL MUSEUM OF THE
are based, as well as the visualisations The same is evident in database applications COLLECTIVE MEMORY OF LOMBARDIA,
themselves, are clearly documented, enabling specifically designed to collect, curate, and in which the photographs, personal
10Basic Guidelines...
memorabilia, and memories scattered
through different family archives in the Interpretation should explore the
region of Lombardy are collected and made significance of a site in its multi-
publicly accessible. faceted historical, political, spiritual,
and artistic contexts. It should
As both examples show, the great consider all aspects of the site’s
potential of ICT in the documentation cultural, social, and environmental
of cultural heritage is not only the significance and values.
efficiency of cataloguing and the accuracy
of documentation, but the possibility ICOMOS Ename Charter principle .
of establishing thematic, geographical,
Panoramic stereo camera used on location for
historical, and anthropological connections ICT is uniquely suited to offer a wide range Place Hampi
that would not otherwise be seen. of information types and perspectives to
visitors at cultural heritage sites. At the
Multiple interpretive contexts ancient Indian capital of Hampi, for example,
Cultural heritage sites often have multiple Icinema’s PROJECT PLACE-HAMPI conjoins
functions, ranging from the religious three kinds of narrative spaces in a modular
to the recreational, and these varying interactive cinema. Each relies on different
(and sometimes conflicting) functions sources of information and each provides
pose a special challenge for a well- a different perspective on the site. Today,
balanced presentation of perspectives and the old Vijayanagara capital is still an active
interpretations to the visitor. A primary goal pilgrim site, not simply an historic area, and
of both research and public interpretation the cylindrical displays comprise augmented
of cultural heritage sites should be to show high resolution stereoscopic panoramas that
how they relate to their surroundings. present the most significant archaeological,
historical, and sacred locations at the site. Capturing the movements of a dancer
11Basic Guidelines...
Virtual character embedded on stereoscopic image
History Unwired is a walking tour delivered though multimedia phones and PDA’s
A less elaborate, though effective, digital History Unwired offers visitors a walking
method for the public interpretation of a tour through one of Venice’s more hidden
site’s range of oral and written information, neighborhoods, delivered through location-
material remains, traditions, and personal aware, multimedia phones and PDAs.
testimonies is illustrated by the HISTORY Developed in , this project was a first-
UNWIRED PROJECT that was tested in ever mix of mobile video, animation, audio,
Venice and sponsored by University and Bluetooth locative technologies in the
of Architecture, Venice and the MIT tourism sector. The tour takes visitors around
Place Hampi setup with central platform module Department of Urban Studies and Planning. the neighborhood of Castello, one of Venice’s
12Basic Guidelines...
Interpretation and presentation
should contribute to the conservation
of the authenticity of a cultural
heritage site by communicating
its significance without adversely
impacting its cultural values or
irreversibly altering its fabric.
ICOMOS Ename Charter principle .
With History Unwired visitors can walk around The interface is simple and easy to use
freely and learn about local life in Venice
Since the s, digital reconstructions
of archaeological remains have been
lesser-known areas, guided by the voices of Preservation of authenticity used to serve the needs of interpretive
Venetian citizens who depict a particularly reconstruction without damaging or
local experience of art and craft, history and One of the cardinal principles of heritage changing the original fabric. One of
folklore, and public and private spaces. conservation is respect for the original the first digital applications of this type,
fabric of historic structures and in-situ the interactive TIMESCOPE kiosk at the
Both projects illustrate the potential of ICT archaeological remains. Indeed Article archaeological site of Ename in Belgium,
for offering simultaneous or alternative of the Venice Charter strongly combined live video with overlaid D
streams of interpretive content that can discourages extensive physical reconstruction reconstructions to allow viewers to
significantly contribute to the visitor’s or alteration of the authentic remains of understand the history of the site.
appreciation of the full range of meanings archaeological and historical sites. This
and significance connected with cultural principle has become a cornerstone of Further elaborations of this augmented
heritage sites. effective site management and interpretation. reality approach have been produced in
13Basic Guidelines...
Timescope kiosk at the archaeological site of Ename in Belgium
14Basic Guidelines...
the context of the ARCHEOGUIDE and D on-site reconstructions were done with In order to capture the complexity of
MURALE PROJECTS described in previous physical building materials. this short but decisive historical era,
sections. various interpretation methods are being
An even more extensive use of digital developed. The first is the production of
On-site applications such as these visualisations for virtual reconstruction a D digital model of battery’s command
can provide visitors with a wealth of has been tested in the POINT DU HOC post, which will allow both visitors and the
information that offers far more than BATTLEFIELD MONUMENT PROJECT of the internet users the opportunity to examine
just a D reconstruction, and certainly Center for Heritage Conservation at Texas this important building that is no longer
more than a static physical reconstruction A&M University. publicly accessible. The second method
ever could. The virtual reconstruction is the production of two-dimensional
of a Roman bath in Isthmia, Greece, The site of Point du Hoc in Normandy is an site plans that show the destruction of
for example, both documents the important place connected with the the site by aerial bombing and naval
evidence for the virtual reconstruction D-Day Invasions, located between Omaha bombardment. These plans are developed
and highlights the contrast between the and Utah beaches at the tip of a sheer chalk by combining survey data with analysis of
ancient and current appearance of the site. cape that towers more than feet above aerial photographs taken in the months
Undertaken as a project of the Advanced a narrow, rock strewn beach. Interpretation preceding D-Day as well as archival
Computing Center for the Arts and Design of the site is complex and includes the information.
of Ohio State University (USA), this various German defensive structures; allied With the physical conservation of heritage
application also includes comments by the intelligence attempts to discover what resources being a paramount concern for
archaeologists on why particular elements the Germans had constructed on the site; professionals in the sector, these examples
of the reconstruction were chosen, thus the role of allied bombing in the partial have illustrated ways in which ICT-based
ensuring the possibility that the current destruction of the site in the two months reconstruction technologies can provide a
visualizations can be reconsidered in prior to D-Day; and the role of the allied better understanding of a site’s significance
the light of new information. This would battle fleet who shelled the site on D-Day while avoiding an adverse impact on the
obviously not have been possible if the itself. heritage resources themselves.
15Basic Guidelines...
Balancing visitorship with This approach is illustrated by the
conservation VALHALLA PROJECT of the University of
The two primary goals of the heritage West England. Its objective is to provide
sector, ensuring the physical conservation web-based real-time interpretative data on
of historical sites and monuments and historic gardens in England and France, with
encouraging the public to visit them, often “hot-spot” information points generated
come into conflict when visitor numbers in matching VRML viewpoints from a D
exceed levels that the heritage resources spatial information system. The project
can bear. The impact of increased traffic integrates video cameras with a controllable
congestion, pollution, vibration, and the real-time overview of the gardens; D
presence of crowds in sensitive heritage models of the gardens that link through to
settings can threaten their stability and a database and serve to interpret the video
integrity. In such cases, however, public images; and a website for “virtual” visits to
interpretation is still important, and must be the largely inaccessible private gardens.
provided in different forms.
ICT can also serve as an important interpretive,
In cases where physical access to a and management, tool at sites where visitorship
cultural heritage site is restricted due is permitted, but must be kept at carefully
to conservation concerns, cultural monitored levels. Such is the case with the
sensitivities, adaptive re-use, or CAPPELLA DEGLI SCROVEGNI in Padua, Italy,
safety issues, interpretation and where ICT plays a central role in the overall
presentation should be provided off- conservation and interpretive design.
site.
This chapel, also known as Arena Chapel,
ICOMOS Charter principle . is a masterpiece of th century Italian
painting. Over the centuries, its extraordinary Dome camera at Hatfield house
16Basic Guidelines...
paintings from any further deterioration. The
tour is limited to fifteen minutes inside the
chapel. Due to this time constraint, and in
order to give visitors the opportunity to fully
appreciate the site, a multimedia room at a
nearby museum was created with interactive
workstations enabling visitors to interact
virtually with the frescos through the use of
real and multimedia reconstructions as well
as interactive applications. This interpretive
programme both conveys information about
the heritage value of the site and highlights
its ongoing conservation issues.
Valhalla webmap video control Interpretation and presentation
should be an integral part of the
wall frescoes have suffered damage due to conservation
deterioration from age, earthquakes, and other process, enhancing the public’s
environmental factors. In recent years the awareness of specific conservation
quality of the air within the much-visited chapel problems encountered at the site and
has become a real concern for conservationists. explaining the efforts being taken to
A solution utilising ICT was devised both to protect the site’s physical integrity
preserve the fragile frescos and to allow the and authenticity.
public to continue visiting the chapel.
A special air-conditioned environment was ICOMOS Charter principle .
created inside the edifice to preserve the
VRML model with plant data
17Basic Guidelines...
participants rather than passive consumers
of heritage experiences.
In the case of local museums or community
heritage groups in particular, new structures
are needed to facilitate communication,
curation, and interpretation of personal
artifacts, texts, photographs, and places
that acquire public heritage significance.
In addition, official funding programmes
and heritage legislation are increasingly
Virtual reality room with frescos from the Cappella degli Scrovegni
recognising the right of a range of official
and non-official stakeholders to be heard.
ICT can thus be an effective tool for
achieving a sustainable compromise
The Interpretation and Presentation
between public interpretation and
of cultural heritage sites must be the
conservation when it is integrated in the
result of meaningful collaboration
wider conservation and management
between heritage professionals, host
strategy of a cultural heritage site.
and associated communities, and
other stakeholders.
Facilitating public participation
As public heritage broadens its categories
ICOMOS Charter principle
of significance to encompass vernacular
architecture, community memories, and
intangible traditions, the involvement of
Virtual reality reconstruction of the inside of the ICT, as a medium for communication as
the general public is essential, as active Cappella degli Scrovegni well as the collection and processing
18Basic Guidelines...
of data, has facilitated a number of that hosts the website to communicate public website of the VIRTUAL MUSEUM OF
innovative applications for community with other databases. The servers can be THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY OF LOMBARDIA,
and individual involvement in heritage. located anywhere in the world and accessed mentioned earlier in connection with
With the advent of Web ., with remotely. its database for photographs, personal
enhanced possibilities for personal memorabilia, and memories scattered
online interaction, the use of web- Another example of web-based technology through different family archives on the
based technology has proven to be very used for the creation of community heritage region of Lombardy.
successful in widening public participation. is the CIPHER project, which aims to create
regional online Cultural Heritage Forums Examples such as these show that creative,
Projects such as COINE (Cultural Objects that enable communities of common basic ICT approaches can help broaden
in Networked Environments) encourage interest to explore, research and build public participation in heritage and change
use of simple digital technology for content. CIPHER defines a Cultural Heritage the very nature and scope of community
sharing stories, memories, and traditions Forum as an online space where people memory.
by local communities throughout Europe. can participate and learn through accessing
Working through websites operated by and contributing to a range of heritage Summary
heritage sites, museums, schools, and resources organised around a common Accessibility, multiple perspectives, concern
community groups, COINE enables people theme. for conservation and public involvement
with even limited ICT skills to record and are all central themes in the evolving field
present stories, personal histories, and Even in more formalised history museums, of cultural heritage in the st century.
recollections; to display photographs and the collection and presentation of social The role of ICT within the cultural heritage
pictures; and to upload sound recordings history contributed by community members sector reaches far beyond the collection of
and oral testimonies. are becoming increasingly common. The digitised data and the creation of impressive
Museu d’Història de la Immigració de virtual reality.
Two servers are used in the COINE system: Catalunya (MHIC), for example, used COINE
a database server that holds all the “user- system to collect stories on immigration in ICT can offer scholars and visitors alike
generated content” and a web server Catalonia. And along the same lines is the unprecedented access to historical,
19Basic Guidelines...
archaeological, iconographical and Working closely together to address the
anthropological data. It can link collections basic themes highlighted in this booklet,
and distinct types of heritage information, and illustrated by the projects described in
contribute to the sustainable management the other booklets of the KNOWHOW series,
of even fragile heritage sites and involve digital technologists and cultural heritage
local communities in the creation of professionals can effectively integrate
historical narratives and exhibitions as research questions, heritage objectives
active participants rather than as a passive and emerging technologies to create more
audience. inclusive, sustainable, and meaningful
methods of preserving and reflecting on the
The watchwords for the future of heritage past.
are place, network, memory, identity and
communication. ICT can provide the context
and tools for these new approaches to
heritage not merely by recording, data
processing and visualisation, but by helping
to shape the meaning and direction of the
entire enterprise.
20Basic Guidelines...
Appendix History Unwired (http://web.mit.edu/ Image references
ICOMOS Charter for Interpretation and frontiers/) “Outfitting a visitor with an Archeoguide
Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites augmented reality binocular”- by Nicos
(www.enamecharter.org) Timescope (http://www.ename.org/Eng/ Ioannidis and Dusan Arsenijevic, Archeoguide.
pagina/archeo_concept.html)
Archeoguide (http://archeoguide.intranet. “View on the Philippion Temple at Ancient
gr/project.htm) Reconstruction of Roman Bath in Isthmia Olympia, Greece” - by Nicos Ioannidis and
(http://accad.osu.edu/~japley/html/isthmia. Dusan Arsenijevic, Archeoguide.
Cenotaph of Emperor Maximilian I (http:// html )
www.isprs.org/istanbul/comm/ “What a visitor using Archeoguide sees with
papers/.pdf) Point du Hoc Battlefield Monument (http:// augmented reality”- by Nicos Ioannidis and
archone.tamu.edu/rburt/PDH%%Fi Dusan Arsenijevic, Archeoguide.
D Murale Database (http://epubs.cclrc. eld%Report%DRAFT_RB.htm)
ac.uk/bitstream//MURALE.pdf) “View for the first time of the cenotaph of
Valhalla Project (http://www.cultivate-int. Emperor Maximilian I without lattices and
STRAT (http://www.epoch-net.org/index. org/issue/valhalla/) glass plates”, Klaus Hanke
php?option=com_content&task=view&id=
&Itemid=) Cappella Degli Scrovegni (http://www.itd. “D reconstruction of the cenotaph of
ge.cnr.it/ted/scrovegni_descrizione.htm) Emperor Maximilian I”, Klaus Hanke
MUVI, the Virtual Museum of the Collective
Memory of Lombardia (http://www.muvilo. COINE (http://www.uoc.edu/in/coine/eng/ “Different perspectives of reconstructed
it/) access.html) details from the cenotaph”, Klaus Hanke
ICINEMA Place Hampi (http://www.icinema. CIPHER (http://cipherweb.open.ac.uk/d/) “A typical digital camera with calibration
unsw.edu.au/projects/prj_hampi.html) target and camera positions tagged by
pyramids”,D murale
21Basic Guidelines...
“Example D view using STRAT. Different around freely and learn about local life in
levels can be seen”, D Murale Venice“ History Unwired, Untravel Media
“Panoramic stereo camera used on location “The interface is simple and easy to use“
for Place Hampi“ Place-Hampi Sarah History Unwired, Untravel Media
Kenderdine, Museum Victoria & Jeffrey
Shaw, iCinema Centre . “Timescope kiosk at the archaeological
site of Ename in Belgium” Ename Center
“Capturing the movements of a dancer “ for public archaeology and heritage
Place-Hampi Sarah Kenderdine, Museum presentation
Victoria & Jeffrey Shaw, iCinema Centre .
“Valhalla webmap video control” Dr John
“Virtual character embedded on Counsell
stereoscopic image“ Place-Hampi Sarah
Kenderdine, Museum Victoria & Jeffrey “Dome camera at Hatfield house” Dr John
Shaw, iCinema Centre . Counsell
“Place Hampi setup with central platform “VRML model with plant data” Dr John
module“ Place-Hampi Sarah Kenderdine, Counsell
Museum Victoria & Jeffrey Shaw, iCinema
Centre . “Virtual reality room with frescos from the
Cappella degli Scrovegni” Maurizio Forte
“History Unwired is a walking tour delivered
though multimedia phones and PDA’s“ “Virtual reality reconstruction of the inside
History Unwired, Untravel Media of the Cappella degli Scrovegni” Maurizio
“With History Unwired visitors can walk Forte
22Basic Guidelines...
Guidelines
Project team
Tamara Brizard
Willem Derde
Malika Hamza
Truus Helsen
Iris Langen
Daniël Pletinckx
Jean-Luc Putman
Neil Silberman
Heidi Tency
Proof-reading for booklet:
Kristi Wilson Lindroth
Copyright © Tamara Brizard, Willem Derde,
Neil Silberman & The Interactive Institute AB,
Publisher: The Interactive Institute AB,
Stockholm, Sweden
Editor: Halina Gottlieb
Graphical design: Rafał Sosin
With support by the European Commission
under the Community’s Sixth Framework
Programme, contract no. IST--.
23The watchwords for the future of heritage The KNOWHOW booklets are an inspirational
are place, network, memory, identity and series cataloguing existing examples of a variety
communication. ICT can provide the context of projects which use ICT for the recording, display
and tools for these new approaches to heritage and interpretation of cultural heritage. These
not merely by recording, data processing and booklets highlight functional information covering
visualisation, but by helping to shape the meaning the design, development and implementation
and direction of the entire enterprise. of ideas and their solutions, and give thoughtful
suggestions for alternative applications within
Working closely together to address the basic the cultural heritage sector. The KNOWHOW
themes highlighted in this booklet, and illustrated booklets aim to support people working in the
by the projects described in the other booklets area of museums, heritage sites and monuments.
of the KNOWHOW series, digital technologists The information covered within the booklets
and cultural heritage professionals can effectively benefits managers, exhibition producers/curators,
integrate research questions, heritage objectives, pedagogues and professionals working with
and emerging technologies to create more digital restoration, as well as those working with
inclusive, sustainable and meaningful methods of communication and audiences. These booklets
preserving and reflecting on the past. cover projects developed by the partners of
EPOCH, and are divided into the following
categories: MUSEUMS, HERITAGE SITES and
MONUMENTS.
www.tii.se/knowhowYou can also read
