FASHION STATEMENTS - + TAINO GEORGE MORRISON - American Indian Magazine
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
INDIAN
N AT I O N A L M U S E U M o f t h e A M E R I C A N
FALL 2013
FASHION
STATEMENTS
FROM KIVA NEW TO
PROJECT RUNWAY
NO MORE CUTE
WARBONNETS
THOSHOGRAPHY
+TAINO
IN THE VATICAN
THE MODERN SPIRIT
OF PAINTER
GEORGE
MORRISON
THE CHICKASAW NATION
CHICKASAW SUMMER ARTS ACADEMY
It is the only arts academy of its kind among tribal
nations and is the premier youth arts academy in
southeastern Oklahoma.
July 15 — 27 2013
Showcase, Saturday, July 27
East Central University, Ada, OK
“TOBACHI” New works by the Chickasaw Young Composers
CD Release Fall 2013
SEASAM Juried Show - Now Calling for Artists
Opening October 4 – 5 at Chickasaw Annual Meeting
in beautiful historic Tishomingo. The show continues
throughout the month of October at the A&H Gallery.
201 N. Broadway, Ada, OK 74820
For more information,
call the Chickasaw Nation Division of Arts & Humanities
(580) 272-5520 or e-mail artistinfo@chickasaw.net
INDIAN ART
Since 1907
photo: studio seven productions
Hand Painted Scarf: Patricia Michaels
Bracelets:
Stingray, Lyndon Tsosie
Silver & Diopside, Althea Cajero
Carved Turquoise, Jolene Eustace
Ivory Pin/Pendant, Gomeo Bobelu
WRIGHTÕS
wrightsgallery.com
2677 Louisiana N.E., Albuquerque, NM 87110 • 866-372-1042 • 505-266-0120 • info@wrightsgallery.com
WRIGHTS_NMAI_winter2013new.indd 1 7/16/2013 9:30:46 AM
For more than 35 years, American Indian Art Magazine has been the premier
magazine devoted exclusively to the great variety of American Indian art.
This beautifully illustrated quarterly features articles by leading experts, the
latest information about current auction results, publications, legal issues,
museum and gallery exhibitions and events.
American Indian Art Magazine, continuing to bring you
the best in American Indian Art.
American Indian Art Magazine
I have enclosed 7314 E. Osborn Drive, Suite S
payment for my subscription: Scottsdale, AZ 85251 • (480) 994-5445
www.aiamagazine.com
One year $20
(Canada and foreign $30)
Subscribe Two years $36
(Canada and foreign $56)
Name
Address
Today! (U.S. FUNDS ONLY)
Please allow 8 weeks for
City State Zip
your first issue.
Phone/Email In case we have questions.
513S
PA H PON E E
Preserving Tradition
Defining Contemporary
PRIMITIVE FIRED POTTERY
LIMITED EDITION BRONZE
WWW. PA H P O N E E .COM 303-907-5897
NMAI Gifts!
Celebrate the holidays with gifts from the
National Museum of the American Indian!
1 2 3
Contemporary Native Music from the
National Museum of the American Indian
4 5
1. SHAPED BY WIND AND WATER 4. SOUNDS OF INDIAN SUMMER
POSTCARD BOOK Contemporary Native Music from the National
Postcards of the National Museum of the Museum of the American Indian
American Indian / $8.95 CD / $15.00
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
¡AHORA EN ESPAÑOL!
2. IDENTITY BY DESIGN NOTECARD SET
5. NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN
Tradition, Change, and Celebration in Native
INDIAN – A SOUVENIR BOOK
Women’s Dress / $9.95
............................................................................... $9.95 softcover, 64 pages, 265 color illustrations
3. SEASON’S GREETINGS NOTECARD SET
Notecards from the Smithsonian’s National
Museum of the American Indian / $14.95
To order, visit www.AmericanIndian.si.edu or call 202-633-6687
11
10 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2010
ABBY KENT FLYTHE
FINE ART
abbykentflythefineart.com
P.O. Box 309 • Spotsylvania, VA 22553 • (540) 895-5012 • (540) 538-9406 or 07KESHi
thezuniconnection
Director: Publisher: 227 don gaspar
Kevin Gover Tim Johnson (Mohawk) santa fe, nm 87501
(Pawnee)
Managing Editor: 505.989.8728
Editor-in-Chief: James Ring Adams www.keshi.com
Eileen Maxwell
Art Direction
Senior Writer: and Production
Molly Stephey Management:
Academica Group Inc
Calendar Editor: David Beyer (Cree)
Quinn Bradley
Advertising Sales:
(Navajo/Assiniboine)
Wayne Stafford
Copy Editor: waynenmaisales@aol.com
Leonda Levchuk 519-258-6366
(Navajo) MaryAnn DePietro
adsalesdir@aol.com
Administrative 505-897-1903
Coordinator:
David Saunders
National Museum of the American Indian magazine (ISSN
1528-0640, USPS 019-246) is published quarterly by the
Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian Jackie & Norman Cooeyate, Kolowisi (detail)
(NMAI), 4th Street and Independence Ave SW, MRC 590
P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012. Periodical
postage paid at Washington, D.C., and at additional offices.
fetishes jewelry pottery since 1981
National Museum of the American Indian magazine is a
benefit of NMAI Membership and constitutes $6 of an
individual’s annual membership. Basic annual membership Fall 2013 ad kolowisi.indd 1 7/14/13 2:22 PM
begins at $25.
Reprinting Articles: Articles may be reprinted in whole Nelson Island Diamond
is one of our beautiful
or in part at no charge for educational, non-commercial
and non-profit purposes, provided the following details
traditionally-based scarf patterns
for the respective article are credited: “National Museum
of the American Indian, issue date [such as “Winter 2005”],
title of the article, author of the article, page numbers and
© 2013, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of
the American Indian.” Questions regarding permission to
The pattern pictured below comes from
reprint and requests to use photos should be directed to the Southwestern Alaska on Nelson Island. This
NMAI’s Office of Public Affairs in Washington, D.C., at
(202) 633-6985.
pattern was adapted from the decorative trim
Letters to the Editor are welcome and may be mailed of a parka used in the Nelson Island area. It is
to NMAI, Attn. Editor, Office of Public Affairs, P.O. Box thought to represent the
23473, Washington, D.C., 20026-3473 or an e-mail
may be sent to aieditor@si.edu. Or, you may call NMAI’s clashing of the packed ice
Public Affairs office at (202) 633-6985 or send a fax to
(202) 633-6920, Attn. Public Affairs.
as it breaks apart in the
Back issues of National Museum of the American Indian are
waters around the islands
$5 per copy (shipping and handling included), subject to in the spring, leaving ice
availability. To order, please call (800) 242-NMAI (6624) or
send an e-mail to NMAImember@si.edu. floes and ice in the shape of diamonds.
Member Services: To join or renew your existing member- For more patterns visit our website.
ship, or to submit a change of address, please call (800)
242-NMAI (6624), visit www.AmericanIndian.si.edu/give
or send an e-mail to NMAImember@si.edu. OOMINGMAK
You may also write to NMAI Member Services, P.O. Box 604 H Street, Dept. AIM
23473, Washington, D.C., 20026-3473. Anchorage, AK 99501
Postmaster: Send change of address information to (907) 272-9225 or 888-360-9665
National Museum of the American Indian, P.O. Box 23473, The village of
Washington, D.C. 20026-3473. Tununak. www.qiviut.com
OOMINGMAKContents
42
22 36
INDIAN
N AT I O N A L M U S E U M o f t h e A M E R I C A N
TAINO IN THE VATICAN NO MORE CUTE WARBONNETS:
After years of restoration, officials of the Vatican RECLAIMING INDIAN FASHION
FALL 2013
Museum recently announced that a detail in the Mainstream fashion has too often exploited the
FASHION Pinturicchio frescos in the Borgia Apartment is most revered icons of tribal life. A leading historian
PHOTO BY DAVID M. RUSSELL, COURTESY OF LIFETIME TELEVISION.
STATEMENTS
FROM KIVA NEW TO probably the earliest known European depiction of Indian fashion says it’s time to call a halt.
PROJECT RUNWAY
NO MORE CUTE of American natives. But the six figures, very likely
WARBONNETS 38 THOSHOGRAPHY
THOSHOGRAPHY the surviving Taino brought back by Columbus on
Fashion photographer Anthony (Thosh) Collins
his first voyage, are no strangers to us. We even
+
is responding to misappropriation with his own
know one by name.
respectful style of Native chic, showing how it
TAINO 28 should be done.
IN THE VATICAN
THE MODERN SPIRIT
OF PAINTER
FASHION STATEMENTS
FROM KIVA NEW TO PROJECT RUNWAY
42
GEORGE FROM CEDAR TREE TO CEDAR STREET:
MORRISON When Patricia Michaels (Taos Pueblo), the noted
THE MODERN SPIRIT OF GEORGE
southwest fashion designer, nearly won the
MORRISON
1 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2013
popular Project Runway television show, she
ON THE COVER: Patricia Michaels (Taos Pueblo) The “grandfather of Native modernism,” painter
served notice that Indians are ready to take on
wowed the judges of the Project Runway television Morrison (Grand Portage Band of Chippewa)
the intensely competitive fashion industry on their
competition with this blue dress studded with mica had deep roots in both 20th century abstract art
pendants; one called it “techno powwow.” The mica own terms. She represents a Native breakthrough
and his Lake Superior homeland. A new exhibit
sheets, an important traditional material for the Taos that has been building for three generations.
highlights his most stunning images.
Pueblo people, are enclosed in silver hoops forged
35
in the blacksmith shop of Michaels’ stepfather and
hand-sewn on the dress.
Silk organza and silk crepe in winter blue, 1½” and DESIGNING INDIANS
2½” mica piettes, ½” silver piettes, size 6, horsehair
A new cohort of Native designers is ready to
headpiece in winter blue, modeled by Katrina, February
7, 2013, Project Runway, Season 11. make its mark.
10 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2013FALL 2013
VOL. 14 NO. 3
14
35
INSIDE NMAI
48 THE ANISHINAABE PLACE 52 FASHION PLATE
Morrison’s contemporaries, and their traditional The 18th century fashion sense of the Great
context, are on view in a companion exhibit Before Lakes is preserved in an ensemble collected by
and after the Horizon: Anishinaabe Artists of the Lieutenant Andrew Foster around 1790 during
Great Lakes at New York’s National Museum of his military service at frontier forts near
the American Indian. Detroit and Michilimackinac.
52
50 MUCH MORE THAN A DOLL 53 EXHIBITIONS AND EVENTS
Contemporary female crafters demonstrate the CALENDAR
artistry behind Grand Procession, the Sealaska
Gallery exhibit of figures from the Charles and 62 MEMBER PROFILE: EDA DANIEL
Valerie Diker Collection.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 11CELEBRATE NATIVE AMERICAN CONTEMPORARY NMAI books
ART, HISTORY, AND CULTURE
vI SI ON
q
NMAI
, Sp AC
EDIT
IONS
DE SI rE E,
: gl Ob
past, pr
esent
Al
, and fu
pE rS pE
ture
CT Iv ES
Challenge
s of the N
ational
AN D Cu
Museum
of the Am
erican Indian
Al hY lT ur
br ID IT
Y
NM AI ED
NS IT IO
SMIT
hSON
IAN
National
Museum
of the Am
Smithsoni erican In
American Indians/American Presidents: A History Foods of the Americas: Native Foods and Traditions Washing an Institu
ton, D.C tion
dian
., and New
Edited by Clifford E. Trafzer (Wyandot ancestry) by Fernando Divina and Marlene Divina (Chippewa/ York
$29.99 hardcover Cree/Assiniboine descent)
$28.00 softcover
Most Serene Republics
Edgar Heap of Birds The Land Has Memory: The Native Landscape
Edited by Kathleen Ash-Milby (Navajo) and and the National Museum of the American Indian
Truman Lowe (Ho-Chunk) Edited by Duane Blue Spruce (Laguna/Ohkay
$20.00 softcover Owingeh) and Tanya Thrasher (Cherokee)
$45.00 hardcover, $24.95 softcover
HIDE: Skin as Material and Metaphor
Edited by Kathleen Ash-Milby (Navajo) Past, Present, and Future Challenges of the
$23.95 softcover National Museum of the American Indian
$20.00 softcover
To order, visit www.AmericanIndian.si.edu or call 202-633-6687
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 17DIRECTOR’S LETTER
LIVING IN THE
ANTHROPOCENE
N
ative cultures have long Secretary Wayne Clough called for a
recognized and celebrated pan-Institutional effort to examine the ef-
the interrelatedness of all fects of climate change and other challenges
life on Earth. Thousands of to our environment, our biodiversity, and
years of keen observation our society from the perspectives of sci-
and intimate experience ence, history, art, and culture. In response, a
of their surroundings have consortium of Smithsonian scholars created
produced a complex ecological knowledge that the Anthropocene Committee, of which the
is benefiting science today. As we tackle global National Museum of the American Indian is
change and today’s increasingly complex an original member. On October 11, 2012,
environmental issues, this wisdom is more the committee hosted a high-level sympo-
important than ever. Since 2007, the National sium, The Anthropocene: Planet Earth in the
Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) has Age of Humans, to discuss and deliberate
held annual symposia on the vital topic of cli- on these global changes. (You can find the
mate change. These programs are at the heart symposium program at http://www/si.edu/
of the museum’s ongoing dedication to dis- consortia.) Subsequently, the Secretary
seminate knowledge about sustainable living charged the committee to consider how the
and advance understanding of climate change. Smithsonian could confront the magnitude
Smithsonian scholars from many different of the Anthropocene in our world. (Secretary
museums and research centers are conduct- Wayne Clough, Dec. 6, 2012, Climate Change:
ing research on global environmental change Connecting the Dots: http://prism.si.edu/os/)
and humanity’s responses to those changes. The National Museum of the American
A consensus has emerged that the tremendous Indian has been selected to serve on the
pace and scope of transformations occurring Smithsonian Anthropocene Executive Com-
on the Earth, with profound effects on plants, mittee. Beginning with the winter issue of
animals, and natural habitats, is primarily the American Indian magazine, a regular column
result of human activities. will present the latest Smithsonian research,
Climate change is also occurring at a time innovations, and programs that address the
of rapid social, economic, political, and tech- issue of climate change and sustainability.
nological transformation. Literature and the I hope you look forward to the column,
arts are affected too with writers and artists “Living in the Anthropocene,” on one of the
struggling to express unprecedented social most important challenges facing the Smith-
and environmental upheavals. The effects of sonian for decades to come. X
humans on the planet, and our knowledge of Kevin Gover (Pawnee) is director of the Smithsonian’s
National Museum of the American Indian. You can email
those effects, places the world in a new epoch, Gover at NMAI-Director@si.edu.
the Anthropocene, or The Age of Humans.
P.S. The Anthropocene: Planet Earth in the Age
of Humans is the theme for a monthly lecture
series by Smithsonian scholars and researchers.
For upcoming lectures and to watch videos of
past ones, visit: http://www.si.edu/consortia/
castlelectureseries.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 13NMAI books
Tales of the People
NMAI BOOKS FOR CHILDREN
COYOTE IN LOVE WITH A STAR BRAVE WOLF AND $11.96
Written by Marty Kreipe de Montaño THE THUNDERBIRD
(NMAI Members)
(Prairie Band Potawatomi) and illustrated Written by Joe Medicine
by Tom Coffin (Prairie Band Crow (Crow) and illustrated $13.46
Potawatomi–Creek) by Linda Martin (Navajo)
(Smithsonian Members)
HOW RAVEN STOLE THE SUN THE BUTTERFLY DANCE
Written by Maria Williams (Tlingit) and Written and illustrated by
$14.95
illustrated by Felix Vigil (Jicarilla Apache Gerald Dawavendewa (Hopi) (Non-Members)
and Jemez Pueblo)
To order, visit www.AmericanIndian.si.edu or call 202-633-6687
31
30 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2010NMAI books
For 35 years, American Indian Art Magazine has
been the premier magazine devoted exclusively to the
great variety of American Indian art.
This beautifully illustrated quarterly features articles
by leading experts, the latest information about
current auction results, publications,
legal issues, gallery and museum
exhibitions and events.
“A collection that
stuns today’s Indian
leaders for its power
to recapitulate so
much lost history.”
– New York Times
$29.99 hardcover
9 x 11 inches
320 pages
225 object photographs
35 archival photographs
11 maps
P
Copublished with HarperCollins
This lushly illustrated book, which accompanies a ten-year exhibition of
Subscribe Today!
the same name which opened at the George Gustav Heye Center in New York on Oct. 23, 2010,
highlights the full sweep and splendor of the museum’s collection. Infinity of Nations presents
more than 200enclosed
I have never-before-published images
American Indian Art of the museum’s most significant objects,
Magazine
payment for my subscription: 7314 E. Osborn Drive, Suite S, Scottsdale, AZ 85251
spanning more than 13,000 years of artistic achievement. Authoritative and accessible, here
(480) 994-5445 • www.aiamagazine.com
is American Indian Art
resource for anyone interested in learning about Native cultures of the Americas.Magazine, continuing
One year $20
an important
(Canada and foreign $30)
Two years $36 Name
to bring you the
(Canada and foreign $56)
best in American
visit www.AmericanIndian.si.edu or call 202-633-6687
(U.S. FUNDS ONLY) Address
Indian Art.
Please allow 8 weeks for your first issue. City State Zip
510S SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 51
31JOIN TODAY FOR ONLY $25 – DON’T MISS ANOTHER ISSUE!
INDIAN
N AT I O N A L M U S E U M o f t h e A M E R I C A N
FALL 2010
DARK
WATERS
THE FORMIDABLE
ART OF MICHAEL
BELMORE
EXPLAINING
ANDEAN
DESIGN
THE REMARKABLE
LARANCE
SPECIAL ISSUE
...............................
FAMILY
DECEMBER
ART
INDIANS ON THE
POST
OFFICE
MARKETS WALLS
A NEW
+
VANTAGE
POINT
ON CONTEMPORARY
ARTISTS
JOIN TODAY AND LET THE
MUSEUM COME TO YOU!
BECOME A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL • 2 0% discount on all books purchased
MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN from the NMAI web site
FOR JUST $25 AND YOU’LL RECEIVE: • 1 0% discount on all purchases from
• F
REE 1 year subscription to our exclusive, the Mitsitam Café and all NMAI and
full-color quarterly publication, American Smithsonian Museum Stores
Indian Magazine • P
ermanent Listing on NMAI’s electronic
• P
referred Entry to the NMAI Mall Member and Donor Scroll
Museum at peak visitor times
Join online at www.AmericanIndian.si.edu or call toll free at 800-242-NMAI (6624) or simply
mail your check for $25 to NMAI, Member Services PO Box 23473, Washington DC 20026-3473NMAI books
P
$22.95 hardcover, 192 pages, 80 photographs. Copublished with fulcrum Publishing
Garnering acclaim from critics and visitors, the NMAI’s Mitsitam Native Foods
Cafe serves fresh, innovative dishes based on the Americas’ truly native foods. Offering 90 of
the cafe’s most popular recipes to home cooks for the first time. Illustrated with beautiful color
photographs of the finished dishes and images of objects from the museum’s vast collections,
the The Mitsitam Cafe Cookbook provides a wealth of fresh, easy-to-prepare recipes that reflect
the diversity of the hemisphere’s Native cultures.
To preorder visit www.AmericanIndian.si.edu or call 202-633-6687
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 45THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN wishes to
the members of the Director’s Council of Friends and the Desert
Sands Circle for their exceptional generosity in making the museum
accessible to people across the country and around the world.
Director's Council of Friends Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Davis Ms. Jane A. Harf Mr. David Martin and Ms. Caroline Orosz
Mr. Roger T. Abelson Ms. Emilie De Brigard Ms. Dori Harrell Mrs. Virginia Martin Mrs. Robyn Brode Orsini
Mr. Ronald Adolphi Ms. Elizabeth De Cuevas Mr. Edward A. Harris Mrs. Susanne W. Max Ms. Virginia Ortega
Mrs. Renee M. Alberts Mr. Arthur F. Dellheim and Ms. Rose A. Herrmann Ms. Mary H. McConnell Mr. John B. Osborn
Ms. Clara Allison Mrs. Isadora Dellheim Mr. John F. Hester and Mrs. Ruth Gates McGlashan Ms. Jo Ann R. Osborne
The Hon. Lynette L. Allston Dr. Philip J. Deloria Mrs. Belinda Hester Mr. Cameron Allen McGuire Mr. Paul Owen
Mrs. Patti Apostolides Mr. Richard F. Demain Mr. James Hickman Mrs. Christine T. McLaughlin Mr. Stephen Oxley
Mr. Charles A. Arnold Mrs. Victoria K. DePalma Ms. Juana P. Hicks and Mr. John J. McLaughlin Ms. Lois M. Pausch
Mr. James K. Asselstine and Ms. Linda Descano Mr. and Mrs. Gene E. Hill Mr. William McMiller Mr. Robert S. Perkin
Ms. Bette J. Davis Ms. Sherie Dick Mr. Charles A. Hilton Ms. Laurie J. Meininger Ms. Antoinette Peskoff
Ms. Shenan Rae Atcitty and Miss Patti Dixon Ms. Mary Pick Hines Ltc. Mae D. Mercereau Ms. Kathryn R. Polster
Mr. Mark C. Van Norman Ms. Maureen D. Dobiesz Mr. Stephen P. Holmes Ms. Gail Louise Meredith Mr. Jim Powell and
Dr. Phillip Backup and Mr. Marvin A. Droes and Ms. Susan Davis Hopkins Ms. Patricia Meyer Mrs. Karla Powell
Mrs. Ruth Backup Mrs. Nellie S. Droes Mr. Eric Ross Horowitz Ms. Pamela G. Meyer Ms. Patricia E. Pratt
Ms. Louise R. Barrow Ms. Mary N. Dryden Mr. Larry D. Hothem Dr. Carol F. Meyer Mrs. Anne Proudfoot
Ms. Yvonne N. Barry Ms. Lynn A. Dutton Mr. Ron Houston Mrs. Judith G. Mich Ms. Rose E. Provan
Ms. Gretchen M. Bataille Ms. Eleanor J. Ebright P. J. Huff-Mckinney and Ms. Monica M. Michael Mr. and Mrs. David R. Pruner
Dr. Brenda U. Beal Ms. Venita Ellington Shelby L. Lachmann Ms. Louise J. Middlemiss Ms. Kathryn Ramsey
Mr. T. E. Beck, Jr., and Dr. Harold A. Failey Mr. Theodore H. Jacobsen Ms. Marjorie R. Miller Ms. M. Elaine Rand
Mrs. Ann M. Beck Ms. Sharon K. Fearey Ms. Leslie Jenkin and Mr. Lynn Russell Miller and Mrs. Vicki Lane Ray and
Mr. Howard R. Berlin and Mrs. Sarah Feinerman and Ms. Nita Adamson Ms. Diane Elton Miller Mr. Walter Herbert Ray
Mrs. Joy Berlin The Hon. Robert Feinerman Ms. Elizabeth G. Johnson Ms. Janine Miller and Dr. Joanna Ready
Mr. Craig A. Berrington and Mr. Thomas F. Fine Ms. Rosemary Joyce Mr. Jon Miller Ms. Angela M. Reed
Mrs. Susan D. Berrington Ms. Elizabeth W. Fischer Ms. Colleen Kalinoski Ms. Barbara A. Miller Ms. Barbara A. Reichardt
Ms. Donna M. Bhatnagar Mrs. Shirley M. Fisher Mr. Sheldon T. Katz and Mr. Neil Milofsky Prof. Theresa M. Reilly
Ms. Evelyn Billingsley Mr. Joseph Fisher Mrs. Audrey W. Katz Ms. Susan Minerich Ms. Helen M. Reinsch
Mr. Earl Blackaby Mr. William S. Fletcher Ms. Carol Keefer Mr. Lance G. Minnich Joan L. Retzlaff and
Ms. Sharon Blackwell Mrs. Roxanne Daniels Ford and Mr. Peter Kibbee Mr. Louis Moller Arthur H. Retzlaff
Ms. Charlotte Blain, M.D. Mr. Walter Buhl Ford, III Mr. Peter M. Klein and Mrs. Betty M. Montgomery Ms. Bertina Richter
Ms. Jacqueline K. Bodin Ms. Judy M. Fredericks Mrs. Sandi Klein Ms. Joan T. Moore Ms. Nancy A. Ridenour and
Mr. Austin Box Ms. Marla L. Freed Mr. Douglas Kliever Mr. Robert Morgan Mr. Ed Mason
Mr. Robert Braitman and Mr. David F. Freeman, Jr. Mr. James Knight and Mrs. Anne M. Morgan Ms. Lynne King Roberts
Mrs. Mary Beth Braitman Mr. Cary J. Frieze Mrs. Renee Knight Ms. Jeanne Morrel-Franklin Prof. Nicholas A. Robinson
Ms. Sue Breazil Mr. Alan F. Frigy Ms. Lanita Koster Ms. Patricia H. Morris Ms. Carla Rodriguez
Dr. Quincalee Brown Mr. Michael A. Gallagher Mr. Joseph Kovalik and Mr. David M. Moskowitz and Dr. Henry G. Roe
Mrs. Joyce Browne Mr. Garrett Gallant Mrs. Nancy Kovalik Mrs. Francesca M. Ms. Janet L. Rogozinski
Mr. Paul Bruegger and Ms. Pamela Garrison Ms. Irene D. Kress Moskowitz Ms. Tia Rosengarten
Mrs. Rosmarie Reinhard Ms. Wendy Kukic Ms. Jo Ann Mulcahy
Ms. Joan B. Gates Mrs. Margarita V. Rosenthal
Bruegger Ms. Ann E. Larimore Ms. Mary E. Murray
Dr. Michelle F. Gaudette and Mr. Herbert Rosenthal
Ms. Mary G. Bullerdiek Ms. Ramona Laster Mr. R. Carlos Nakai
Ms. Lucy E. Ghastin Ms. Denise G. Ross
Ms. Cassandra Hapke Bunker Ms. Gloria Lauriano Dr. Larry D. Nelson and
Ms. Lynne Glikbarg Ms. Nancy W. Ruskin
Mrs. James J. Butler Ms. Dolores E. Layton Mrs. Linda Nelson
Dr. Paul A. Gluck and Dr. Louise A. Russell
Mr. Warren F. Buxton Dr. Yvonne T. Le Melle Dr. Sharon Nelson-Barber
Dr. Joan Gluck Ms. Carol Sakata
Ms. Phyllis H. Cade Ms. Denise C. LeClair-Robbins Ms. Katherine Neville and
Mrs. Karen Goering and Dr. Robert E. Savage
Ms. Kathleen D. Calder Mr. Lawrence Goering Mrs. Margaret Lerner Mr. Karl Pribram Ms. Patricia J. Sawvel
Dr. Jan D. Carline Ms. Tina Good Ms. Ann B. Lesk Mrs. Carol Newbill and Ms. Alice Schnyder
Ms. Alice Cary Ms. Patricia Gordon Mr. Michael W. Lingo Mr. Gordon Newbill
Ms. Barbara Schuler
Mr. A. Bertrand Cassan, Jr. Mr. James O. Graham Mr. Blake Lipham Ms. Sarah W. Newman
Mrs. Dolores A. Sena
Ms. Kay Gott Chaffey Dr. David Granite and Mr. Edward T. Lis, Jr. Mr. Frederick M. Nicholas
Mrs. Harris Shapiro
Mrs. Joan Mt. Pleasant Dr. Mary Lou Oster-Granite Mr. Michael Littleford Mr. John Bulica Nicholson
Dr. John J. Shaw and
Chapman Mr. Melvin Green and Ms. Karin N. Lohman Mrs. Paul M. Niebell, Sr. Ms. Mary Carr Patton
Ms. Ann E. Chiller Mrs. Judy Green Mr. Harry D. Ludeman and Ms. Anna-Belle Nimmo Mr. David Sickey
Mrs. Jean Rainey Coffin Ms. Marilyn Greene Mrs. Helen D. Ludeman Ms. Karen A. Nordquist Ms. Elizabeth Sidamon-
Mr. John Thomas Coletta Ms. Lumina Greenway Ms. Kayrene Lunday Mr. Joseph E. Nordsieck and Eristoff and Mr. Hunter
Ms. Margaret A. Collins Mr. Eric W. Gregory Ms. Sharon Lyons Ms. Melanie A. Ringer Lewis
Ms. Catherine M. Conover Ms. Marge Newcomer Guilfoil Ms. Kathryn A. MacLane Ms. Margaret Ann Olson Mrs. Gail F. Sigler and
Ms. Marilyn L. Cowger, M.D. Ms. Gail A. Hager Mrs. Audrey R. Magee Mr. Victor Onufrey and Mr. John F. Sigler
Mr. Robert William Craig Ms. Elizabeth Hambleton Ms. Rachel Makool and Mrs. Natalia Onufrey Mr. Lynwood Sinnamon and
Ms. Colleen F. Crombie Mrs. Maureen Hamilton Mr. John J. Alt Ms. Jo Oppenheimer Mrs. Thalia Sinnamon
Mrs. Virginia M. G. Crossley Mr. Collier Hands Ms. Sheila Maloney Dr. Peter Orenski Mr. Albert H. Small
Ms. Ory Cuellar Ms. Joanne Hanifan and Ms. Wilma Maracle Mr. and Mrs. N. Gregory Ms. Jeanie Smart
Mr. John B. Cullens Mr. Jim Hanifan Ms. Jacqueline Badger Mars Orndorff
The gifts recognized above were made before July 4, 2013.Mr. Donald Zucker and Mrs. Stella A. Gieseler
Ms. Barbara Zucker Ms. Gwen Gildea
Mr. James Joseph Zuiches Mr. Tim Goetze
Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Mr. Leo Gonzalez
Comanche Nation Museum Mr. Mervin P. Gray
Mr. Stuart Grossman
Desert Sands Circle Ms. Elaine Grudzinski
Ms. Kyle Adamonis Mr. James Hallowell
Mrs. Beryl L. Adcock and Mr. J. L. Hammitt and
Mr. David C. Adcock Mrs. Margaret Hammitt
Mr. Syed S. Albukhary Mr. Herbert Hansell
Mr. Walter J. Smoyer and Dr. and Mrs. Roger B. Allen Ms. Betty K. Hart
Mrs. Elizabeth D. Smoyer Mr. Leamond A. Allen Ms. Anita Harvey
Mr. Morton I. Sosland and Ms. Pam Anderson-Taplett Mrs. Caroline Heart
Mrs. Estelle Sosland and Mr. Martin Ross Ms. Diane E. R. Hendricksen
Dr. James Spivack and Taplett Ms. Helena E. Hill
Ms. Georgia Royalty Mrs. Louise Arnold Ms. Carolyn Horsman
Mrs. Sydney B. Spofford Ms. Constance Arzigian Mr. Robert Hurlbut
Ms. Mary G. Sprague Ms. Wendy Ashmore and Mr. Robert L. Jacob
Mr. Gustav E. Staahl Mr. Thomas C. Patterson
Ms. Margaret Jacobs
Mr. David L. Stearman Ms. Nancy Ayres
Mr. Tom James and
Mr. Paul Stelmaszek Ms. Bette J. Baker Ms. Mary James
Mr. William C. Sterling, Jr., Mrs. Jane S. Barrett and Ms. Joan Jehle
and Mrs. Mary-Jane B. Mr. Peter Barrett
Mr. David S. Jernigan and
Sterling Mr. Brian Bartlett Mrs. Patricia H. Jernigan
Mr. Thomas H. Stevenson M. Bauer C. H. Johnstone
Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Mr. Charles Becker Ms. Brenda Jones
Stickle Ms. Allison Binney Ms. Bernadine C. Jones
Mr. and Mrs. Norman Stone Mrs. George P. Bissell, Jr. Ms. Louisa J. Judge
Mrs. Anne J. Stoutamire Mr. Jack W. Blackway Mrs. Patricia Keerins and
Ms. Lucy B. Stroock Mr. Richard Blanton and Mr. Oliver Keerins
Ms. Jeanne M. Styron Ms. Candace H. Haigler Mr. Donald Kerr
Ms. Delores T. Sumner Ms. Edith Bley-Fuhrmann Dr. H. J. Khambatta
Mr. Leland Scowcroft Mr. Clayton R. Braatz Younghee Kim-Wait and
Swaner, Jr. Mrs. Willard W. Brown Alex Unjo Wait
Ms. Mary D. Tapley Mr. Frederick Brown Ms. Elizabeth Kiriazis
Mr. Robert J. Terkanian Ms. Andrea B. Bryant Mr. Carl Kopfinger and
Ms. Donna J. Thal, Ph.D., and Ms. Wylie Burke Mr. Stephen Weitzenhoffer
Mr. George Carnevale Ms. Mary E. Carlson Malcolm Kottler and Ms. Deborah Olson Ms. Margaret H. Smith
Ms. Mary Virginia Thompson Dr. Daniel J. Cave Dorian Brooks Ms. Donna Osborne and Mr. Michael D. Snow
Mr. Frank J. Tomlinson Ms. Kristie J. Clemons and Ms. Ellen Kurtz Mr. Donald A. Osborne, Jr. Ms. Janice M. Soeder
Ms. Terry A. Travis Mr. James Markich Mrs. Thomas G. Labreaque Mr. Reed Palmer Ms. Mary Lou Soller
Mr. Andreas Ueland Mr. John E. Clor and Mrs. Juanita B. Lambert Ms. Diane W. Parker Leslie Speed
Dr. Sten Vermund and Mrs. Paula Clor Ms. Lynn Landmeser Ms. Dorothy T. Parris Ms. Jean Stark
Dr. Pilar Vargas Ms. Barbara A. Cochran Ms. Ruth Larson Ms. Michelle Parrish Mrs. Victor Steppan
Dean Wade, M.D. Ms. Judith C. Colnaghi Ms. Mary S. Lawton Mr. Richard Parsons Mr. Max Stites and
Mrs. Patricia H. Waschka Mr. Sam Conner and Mr. Philip Lee Mrs. Nancy Patrick Mrs. Mary Diane Stites
Ms. Barbara Ann Watkins Mrs. Nancy Conner Mrs. Angela Papa Leipold Ms. Veronique Pepin Mrs. Linda D. Stone and
and Mr. Jerry Wayne Prof. Reid Cooper and Mr. Jacob Perea and Mr. Richard Stone
Ms. Carolyn K. Lewis
Mrs. Ruth L. Webb Mrs. Martha Cooper Ms. Barbara Perea Ms. M. Elizabeth Swope and
Ms. Susan B. Lindenauer
Ms. Nancy Webster Mrs. Debra G. Corbett Ms. Julie Phillips Mr. Patrick Kennedy
Ms. Kathryn D. Lizzul
Mr. Ray T. Weeks Ms. Gayle Cramer Lt. Col. Joseph Pisciotta Ms. Cinda Celia Taylor
Ms. Jan W. Long
Ms. Marjorie Weinberg- Ms. Eileen Cubbison (Ret.) and Mrs. Lee Mrs. Gaye L. Tenoso
Dr. Carolyn J. Lukensmeyer Pisciotta
Berman Ms. Pamela Dale Ms. Beverly Terry
Ms. Linda K. Lyle Ms. Caroline Powell
Mr. Caspar Weinberger, Jr. Ms. Jane Davis Mr. Robert J. Torres and
Ms. Beverly A. Lynch Ms. Arla Ramsey Mrs. Stephenie Torres
Mr. Paul Weiss and Dr. Marc Deitch
Mr. Christopher Lynnes and Ms. Angela Randazzo Mr. William C. Trimble, Jr.
Mrs. Barbara Weiss Mr. Wesley C. Dias Mrs. Patricia Lynnes
Mr. Selman I. Welt Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ms. Katharine A. Ray Mr. Michael Valdivielso
Mr. Allan A. MacDonald
Ms. Sylvia Wheeler Dickey, Jr. Ms. Christina Ray Mrs. Friederike Von Starck
Ms. Nancy Lee Mack
Ms. Janice Wilkins Mrs. Juanita Eagle and Ms. Elizabeth Reinert Mr. David Wade and Mrs.
Ms. D. E. Madison
Mr. Robert R. Willasch Mr. Michael Eagle Mr. and Mrs. Howard Sharon Wade
Ms. Jamie Maher
Ms. Charlotte H. Williams Mr. Gerald Eichner Reynolds Mr. Kenneth A. Walz
Mr. John Manley and
Ms. Jeanne Wilson Mr. Robert J. Ekman Ms. Marcia Rinkel Mr. John Ward
Mrs. Susanne Manley
Mrs. Carrie R. Wilson and Mr. Robert Elder and The Hon. Buford L. Rolin Mr. Mark Rylance Waters
Ms. Andrea Margolis
Mr. Wayne Wilson Mrs. Mary Elder Mrs. Lisa Ryan Ms. Janice Waters
Ms. Jennifer Maria
Dr. J. Fred Woessner, Jr. Dr. Joyce M. Evans Mr. and Mrs. Joseph J. Ms. Virginia C. Webster
Mr. and Mrs. R. Marshall
Ms. Cathleen Woomert Dr. Deborah Evans Sandel Mr. Frederick W. Weck and
Mr. William Martin
Lt. Col. Thomas H. Wright, Mr. Tod Fackler Ms. Verna Savage Mrs. Eleanor A. Weck
Mr. Leslie L. Martin
Jr., U.S.A. (Ret.) Ms. Rebecca Fain Mr. Thomas Schelat Dr. Anita Corman Weinblatt
Mr. Robert J. Martinez
Mr. Frank M. Yates Tarry Faries Ms. Nancy L. Schlemmer Mr. and Mrs. D. Bradford
Ms. Leslie M. Masson Wetherell, Jr.
Ms. Frances Yeransian Ms. Mary B. Ffolliott Mr. Stephen Schoonmaker
Mr. Richard W. Mauntel Mr. J. A. Williams
Mr. Vance S. Zavela and Ms. Kathryn Forbes Mrs. Rozanne Seelen
Mr. Stephen Mc Candless Ms. Dorothy Williams and
Mrs. Jean Schiro-Zavela Ms. Linda M. Franks Ms. Lynne C. Sendejo
Mr. Timothy McDowell Mr. Robert Ross
Ms. Patricia M. Zell Ms. L. S. Freed Dr. Mary Ann Sens
Mr. Jeffrey B. McLaughlin Ms. Janet Wingert
Ms. Barbara E. Zelley Mr. J. Arthur Freed Ms. Patricia Seubert
Ms. Mary Mekosh Ms. Trudy Winsberg
Ms. Marilyn M. Zimmerman Mr. William L. Freeman and Mr. Ronald C. Shorb
Ms. Carolyn M. Robbins Mr. Michael A. Moran Ms. Lillian Wurzel
Ms. Lois S. Zoller Ms. Minnie W. Shorter
Mr. Kerry Geist Mr. Walter Morton Mr. Paul Young and
Mr. Richard Zucker and Mr. John F. Sicks, Jr.
Mr. Carl Gewirz and Mr. Merlin G. Nygren and Ms. Jo Ann Young
Mrs. Beth Zucker Mrs. Robert L. Simmons
Mrs. Nancy Gewirz Mrs. Mildred Nygren Mr. Emil Zuberbueler
Miccosukee/Seminole boy’s foksikco.bi (big shirt), 1925–1935. Florida. Cotton cloth. Photo by David Heald. 20/36272013 HONOR ROLL OF
MUSEUM SUPPORTERS
The National Museum of the American Indian
would like to recognize the following members for their
support of our 2013 Conservation Campaign.
Barbara Ackermann, Ed.D., Ms. Suzanne M. Burg Kathy & Rick Freedman Sarah Hetznecker-Sheehan &
L.C.S.W. Chris Burns Ms. Joan Duke Freimanis Gary Sheehan
Ms. Paulette Adams Ms. Tina L. Calvert Chellis French Ms. Maryellen W. Hicks
Ms. Phyllis T. Albritton Mr. Bob J. Canada Ms. Debra Frey Ms. Susan C. Hinzpeter
Mr. Alfred E. Allen Dr. Alan Carsrud & Ms. Rubena Friesen Mr. & Mrs. Steven Hoback
Ms. Cheryl Allen Mr. Danny Babineaux Ms. Ramona K. Garcia Florence G. Hoffmann
Ms. Diane Halladay Allen Ms. Christine A. Chaikowski Mr. Morton Eugene Gatliff Craig Hollingsworth
Gracia J. Allen Grace Chaillier Mr. James Geidel Mr. Richard Hood
Mr. Michael A. Allen Ms. M. Wise Chapman Jim & Mary Genasci Mr. David N. Houghtaling
Zoe Allison-Rockingbear Barbara Chesser, Ph.D. Egland George Ms. Carol L. Houk
Marcelle Amelia Mrs. Valerie v. Choudhury Mr. & Mrs. Paul E. Glaser Jynx Houston
Ms. Lauren J. Amsterdam Bob Christian Mrs. Janet M. Gleason Ms. Rachel I. Huot
Ms. Sonja Anderson Ms. Jeannie Christie Ms. Danielle Glenn-Rivera Marylee Hursh
Potter Anderson Rick's Cafe Dr. Jolande Elisabeth Goldberg Ms. Lynne Irion
J. Richard Andrews Ms. Margaret Church Mr. David Goldstein Ms. Ruth Iseli
Ms. Myra Appel Mr. Donald G. Clontz Ms. Maureen D. Goldston Mr. Darrell Jefferson
Christine Mary Armstrong Ms. Janice Colvin Dr. and Mrs. Richard R. Gonzalez Mr. Richard Jervey
Sister June M. Baker, O. P. Mr. Tony Crowell David F. Good Jolyon Johnson
Mr. Denman Baker & Family Mr. Albert Curley II Ms. Rani Stevens Goodman Clay & Linda Jones
Omie Baldwin Ms. Christine Curtis Mrs. Elizabeth A. Goodwin Mr. Fred Jones
Ms. Jeanne C. Barck Ms. Linda Dahl Ms. Carolyn Graetz Mrs. Cynthia D. Jones &
J. Thomas Barclay Ms. Amy M. Dailey Mrs. J. F. Graves Mr. Richard T. Jones
Mr. Steve Barnett Ms. Mary L. Davidson Dr. Kenneth D. Graziano Laverne Jones
Ms. Georgetta Barnette Ms. Frances De La Cuesta Nomi B. Greber Larry G. Jorgenson
Dr. William F. Barr Ms. Josephine Decker Evelyn L. Greenblatt Mr. Thomas Joseph
Mr. Benjamin G. Bax Ms. Maria Denzler Ms. Betty L. Gress Mr. Carl Kaiser
Mrs. Mary A. Benson Dr. William G. Doty Ms. Elizabeth Griffith Dianne M. Kartiala (Ojibwe)
Mr. James C. P. Berry Mrs. Violet G. Driscoll Mr. Bruce Grill Mr. Howard Keegan
Ms. Nancy Beveridge, Greater Mrs. Judy Druelinger & Patricia H. Gruttemeyer Mr. Carl Keeler
Women's Club of Heyworth Dr. Melvin Druelinger Ms. Helene Guinard The Rev. Joseph and
Rabbi Miriam Biatch Donald Dyke & Marlene Selena Keesecker
Mr. & Mrs. Leslie W. Gunter
Ms. Josephine W. Bigler Miller-Dyke Ms. Betty Ruth Kemp
Linda Gunther
Mr. Geoffrey Biringer R. D. Easterling Ms. Kathryn W. Kemp
Ms. Rebecca I. Haas &
Mr. John C. Black Feather Ms. Alma Smoke Eckerd Mr. John M. Black Mrs. Carson Kennedy
Ms. Harriet Boggi Mrs. Sue B. Edwards Mr. Charles H. Hagerty Mr. Russell Ker
Mr. & Mrs. David Boice Gillian Ehrich Dr. MaryAnna Ham Mr. James Kessler
Fay Bonifield Ms. Vickie Era Mrs. Kathy Anderson Hansen Ms. Evelyn Kidder
Mr. Joseph S. Bova Conti Mr. Stephen Erskine (Kiowa) Ms. Margaret Kiever
Ms. Georgiana S. Boyer Mr. & Mrs. J. Keith Estes Mr. Jeffrey Hantman Ms. Kay Kimmel
Ms. Helen Branscum Mr. Colin Fallat Ms. Josephine L. Hargis Mr. Charles Kinard
Donna Rae Brantner Ms. Patricia Farrell Mr. & Mrs. Reuben T. Harris Dr. Joe M. King
Donna C. Britt Mr. Phil Felix Ms. Elsie Harris Mr. Don M. Kinney
J. R. Brooks Dr. Margaret Flansburg H. L. Haskins William "Bill" Kline
Mr. David Brown Mr. Hans Flink Ms. Maebelle Haslim Dr. Cyrus Klingsberg
Ms. Kathleen L. Brown Mr. Juan Floriani Mr. Isao Hatashita Mr. Terry Knouse
Ms. Mary Arlene Brown Ms. Susan Fox Karn L. Haugen Ms. Julie Koehler
Ms. Kathy Buckley Mrs. Darienne T. Franks Ms. Audrey Hawthorne Mr. Roy W. Kohler
Mrs. Erica R. Buffington Mr. William D. Frantz Connie Hayden Mr. David F. Kolbert
Dr. Delores P. Buford Mrs. Barbara Franzese Mr. & Mrs. Donald & Gloria Herman Father Denis KolumberDeon E. Miller Mrs. Gladys Scott-Fuchs
Ms. Karin Mills Mr. Michael C. Seebeck
Ms. Adele Montgomery Mr. Louis Segaloff
Ms. Lynn C. Mooney Dr. Stephanie Sellers
Mrs. Macy Ann Moore Ms. Beverly Severino
Ms. Rhetta Kay Moorhead Ms. Thelma Irene Shamblen
Dorothy C. Moote Red She Bear
Maria de Los A. Morales Ms. Susan Shevach
Ms. Sheila B. Morris George & Maja Shipley
Marirose Morris Mr. Dave Sims
Ms. Anastasia Morze Ms. Barbara Smith
Mr. Hebert Koranek Barbara Jean Myers Betty Gayle Smith
Josea Kramer Dr. Bogdan Nedelkoff Ms. Shirley Sneve
Mardella Kremnetz Mr. Richard Nelson & Maxwell B. Spoont
Ms. Gloria H. Kugler Ms. Carol Enkoji Ms. Debra White Stephens
Barbara J. La Porte & Mr. V. A. Nelson Mr. Walter J. Stern
Leslie La Porte Mr. Eric Nicholson Ms. Susan Stoll
Mr. James T. "Buzzy" Landry Mrs. Betty Baird Nickerson Ms. Maria Strunk
Irma M. Lara, Ph.D. Mr. Jesse L. Nieto Anne & Glenn Summerlin
Mrs. Jennifer Lasiewicz Mr. Kevin W. Noonan Dr. Gordon Sumner &
Ms. Gloria Lauriano Mr. Edward V. Norton Mrs. Vicki C. Sumner
Ms. Darlene Lawler Mr. Ronald H. Oetting Mr. Sherwin A. Swartz
Mrs. M. Dennis Lee Mr. Hector O'Leal Mr. Bob Sweeny
Luis R. Lee-Guin Yah Geyh Mr. John Olhoft Lloyd E. Tack
Ms. Jill B. Levine Marie M. Olson Mr. Frederick Tahk
Dr. Marjory Levitt Ms. Susan Ondiak Ms. Frances Talbert
Ms. Evelyn M. Lewis Mrs. Nancy Oprsal Mr. Thomas Teegarden
Ms. Sherry L. Lex Russell Orr Mr. William A. Thorpe, Jr.
Mr. Philip Lichtenberg Bill Pahdocony Mr. Richard P. Thrun
Ms. Elizabeth Livermore Mr. Muhamed Pasha Mr. Cliff Timbrook
Mr. Roy Jesse Lobdell The Rev. James B. Peden Mrs. Jeanette Titus
Mrs. Linda R. Lochbaum Mr. Dean Peerman Dr. Zoltan A. Tokes &
Lone Fight Mr. Elliott B. Perrett Ms. Dorcas M. Vanian Tokes
Coella J. Longanecker Suzanne Day Peters Jeanne Tonelson
Patricia & Gilbert Lopez G. Steele Phillips Ms. Barbara J. Toney
Dr. Dorothy L. Lord Ms. Patricia Pierce Helen I. Towner
Mr. Daniel Macedo Ms. Mabelle Pizzutiello Mr. Danny Townsend
Sister Carol A. MacKenzie Gwendolyn Poche Ms. Lili Townsend
Mr. John L. Maggio Mrs. Sydney J. Ponturo Mr. Floyd John Trexler Child’s parka, Niuam (Comanche),
ca. 1890. Lynx skin/fur.
Ms. Angelina Maggio Mr. Richard Procello Mr. Joel Truman
Collected by M.R. Harrington in 1909. (02/1503)
R. N. Main (Muscogee Creek Nation) Ms. Marina L. Tyson
Mr. James Mangan Dr. Thaddeus Raushi Jane & Ed Ulery
Ms. Avigael Mann Mr. Ken Redman Mr. Max J. Vallo Ellen L. Winner
Susan E. Markley Susan L. Reeves (Southern Ute) Arlan E. Varner Mr. Walter Wolf
Mr. Paul Marner Joan Revell Mrs. Toni Vaughn Mr. Walt Wood
Kainlani Rice Marquez Ms. Kathryn Rhoads Ms. Audrey Vickers Russell Worobec
Ms. Mona Marra Ms. Mary P. Richards Mr. David L. Vigue Ms. Brenda Wright
Mr. Larry C. Marshall Jaynya Richards Mrs. Mary E. Vogel Robin M. Wright
Ms. Kathleen Masterson Dr. Susan B. Richardson Mrs. Nancy Wadis Mr. Ted Wrobleski
Mrs. Ann H. Matthews Mr. Robert Ricklefs John P. & Janet H. Walters Mrs. Ruth M. Wulf
Ms. Jeanne S. Mayer Mrs. Margaret C. Ritzel Ms. Valerie Warren Barbara Yearsley-Monaghan
Mr. Harry Mc Bee Ms. Patricia P. Robison Mr. James R. Watson The Rev. Constance B. Yost
Ms. Helen McCauslin Mrs. Jeanne M. Roe Terry "Standing Bear" Weatherby J. W. Yukluk
Mr. H. McNeely, Jr. Mr. Jeffrey Rogart Ms. Carol Ann Webb Mr. Thomas J. Zach
Carmen N. Medellin Mr. James L. Rolleston Ms. Joyce C. Webb Mr. Robert Zarbock
Dr. Gail Megna Ms. Marsha Rose Ms. Alice P. Welch Mr. Leonard Ziegler
Roberta B. Mehegan Mr. Sam J. Ross Ms. Sandra Wentzell Ms. Mary Zilz
Catherine A. Mehler Maggie Rowlett Ms. Elaine H. Weston Ms. Carolyn Zirbes
Ed & Julie Melton Ms. Kathleen Rudaitis Frank Wheeler Ms. Bea Zizlavsky
Barbara Melton Mr. Edwin Russum Ms. JoAnn F. White Eagle Curtright & Son Tribal Art
Ms. Pamela G. Meyer Mr. Kawika Sabado Carol F. Whitley Dakota Indexing
Bette E. Meyer Terry Tukey Santos Mrs. Ethel Whitsett Darryl C. Bullington Revocable
Mr. George H. Meyers II Ms. Barbara Schultz Dr. Norman Whitten Living Trust
Ms. Mary B. Mikkelson Mr. Kenneth Schupp Barbara A. Wilson Toni Roller Indian Pottery
Mr. Robert Millard Ms. Debbie Schwartz Neta Winders Walter & Karla Goldschmidt
Barry A. Miller Ms. Marjorie M. Schweitzer Ms. Rose Winn FoundationFROM THE
SHADOWS OF
HISTORY:
TAINO
AT THE
VATICAN BY JOSE BARREIRO
I
n a cleaning of frescoes at the Vatican,
from the clouding dust of centuries,
emerge naked figures – five, maybe six
men. Amidst horses and helmeted sol-
diers, wearing feathered headdresses,
the men seem to dance. One man, naked, leg
raised in movement, faces out prominently;
another one, seen from behind, buttocks bare,
bends a knee forward, right arm raised, per-
haps holding a feather, as if in dance.
Authorities at the Vatican, perplexed at
first, have surmised over seven years since
this drawing began to emerge that the figures
represent American Indians – specifically the
Arawak-speaking Caribbean island people,
Taino – who greeted Christopher Columbus.
The Vatican authorities also announced their
conclusion that these are indeed the first im-
ages drawn of American Indians in Europe.
Perhaps it is so. We can, with some certainty,
even give a name to one of the figures, Diego
Colon, the adopted Taino son of Columbus,
the central figure in my historical novel Taino
(Fulcrum, 2012) and a constant presence to
me over several years of writing.
22 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2013IMAGE COURTESY OF THE VATICAN MUSEUM
ABOVE: Bernardino di Betto (Pinturiccho) (1454-1513) Resurrection of the Christ, 1492-94.
Fresco in Borgia Apartments, the Vatican. DETAIL, LEFT: Possible depiction of Taino captives pre-
E
sented by Columbus at Spanish court. Inset is very likely by one of Pinturicchio’s many assistants,
who filled in much of his backgrounds.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 23TAINO AT THE VATICAN
PHOTO BY LESSINGIMAGES.COM
Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury (1797-1890). The reception of Christopher Columbus by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabel of Spain in Barcelona, 1847. Musee du Grand-Palais, Paris.
Robert-Fleury’s depiction of the presentation of the Taino captives shows some striking similarities to the Vatican fresco, especially the presence of Spanish soldiers on horseback.
“THE RETURN OF COLUMBUS
T
he scene is but a sketch, almost
ghostly, etched in a small space
FROM HIS FIRST VOYAGE AND THE NEWS OF of the large fresco called Resur-
rection of the Christ by Renais-
HIS ‘DISCOVERY’ HAD MASSIVE DISSEMINATION sance painter Bernardino di
THROUGHOUT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. A MARVEL Betto (Pinturicchio). The Vatican fresco is
OF CALCULATED SELF-PROMOTION, COLUMBUS’ located in the Apartamento Borgia, the space
once occupied by Pope Alexander VI, Rodrigo,
FIRST LETTER TO THE SPANISH SOVEREIGNS the “Borgia Pope,” as his name indicates, from
CONTAINED A GENIAL NARRATIVE FOR THE the prominent Spanish family whose reign at
EMERGENT RENAISSANCE.” the Vatican was one of paramount intrigue,
corruption and mayhem. Pinturicchio, the
“little painter,” worked on the monumental
fresco – an artistic act intended to celebrate the
sanctity of the Borgia Pope – starting in 1492
and finished at the end of 1494. The decora-
24 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2013tion of the Pope’s quarters was in active execu-
tion as news of Columbus’ “descubrimiento”
spread rapidly throughout Europe.
“THE SIX CAPTIVE TAINOS
BROUGHT TO SPAIN BY COLUMBUS WERE
A
ntonio Paolucci, Vatican Mu- PROMINENTLY FEATURED AND A YOUNG
seums director, associates the MAN FROM GUANAHANI, THE FIRST ISLAND
newly revealed fresco figures
with “the Indians” described by CLAIMED BY COLUMBUS, CAUGHT THE QUEEN’S
Columbus – most obviously in EYE. COLUMBUS WOULD ADOPT THE TAINO
drafts of his First Letter to the Spanish Mon- ADOLESCENT, AND HE WOULD BECOME KNOWN
archs, written during his return voyage and
posted to the Spanish Court and his other in- TO HISTORY AS DIEGO COLON...”
vestors immediately upon his Iberian landfall
in mid-March 1493. Not only the letters, but The promise was of power to set in motion
also legendary public ceremonies celebrating a major colonization of lands, peoples and
Columbus’ triumphal return provided vi- goods without measure. In the language of
sual representations of Caribbean Indigenous the church, this was a grand opportunity for
people for European imaginations. The Taino “harvesting souls” via the evangelization of
captives he brought back with him – esti- whole new peoples.
mated initially at 10 but reduced by disease to A major scene, quickly legendary, was pub-
six – were put on display at these events along licly enacted at Barcelona on May 15, 1493:
with his other curiosities. the Spanish monarchs, King Fernando of
Paolucci makes a strong argument that by Aragon and Queen Isabel of Castilla, grandly
mid-1493, in Rome, Pope Alexander VI must feasted the returning hero Admiral. The whole
have had access to Columbus’ Letter and thus city attended, and many foreign dignitar-
had read the descriptions of “the Indians” he ies and potential new investors spread word
had ostensibly encountered, suggesting the of the momentous occasion. The six captive
prototype for the recovered figures in the Res- Tainos brought to Spain by Columbus were
urrection fresco. This is a respectable scenario prominently featured and a young man from
explaining that the images are in fact of those Guanahani, the first island claimed by Colum-
first Taino captives – invented curiosities bus, caught the queen’s eye. Columbus would
of the first contact, but who, as we shall see, adopt the Taino adolescent, and he would
achieved some early historical identity and become known to history as Diego Colon, the
gained their place in legendary narrative. adopted son and interpreter for the Admiral
The return of Columbus from his first voy- in his second voyage. (Diego or “Dieguillo” is
age and the news of his “discovery” had massive the first-person narrator of my novel Taino.)
dissemination throughout European countries. The Pope, particularly the geo-politically
A marvel of calculated self-promotion, Co- ambitious Borgia, was immediately deep in the
lumbus’ first letter to the Spanish sovereigns thicket created by the news from Spain. Two
(actual title, Letter of Columbus, on the islands major powers, Portugal and Spain, nearly at war
of India beyond the Ganges recently discovered) over claims of colonial discovery, first in Africa
contained a genial narrative for the emergent and now in the “Orbo Novo,” or “New World,”
Renaissance. In fortuitous timing, the world- required a theological and political framework
changing story rode the newly established to define their increasingly global dispute. In
power of the printing press – thus the Letter the very rooms of the Apartamento Borgia,
was republished widely and quickly, over 50 perhaps even as Pinturicchio and his under-
times, in more than a dozen European capitals. lings were painting the now famous fresco, the
By mid-1493, a poem praising Columbus’ Borgia Pope, Alexander VI, settled the ques-
deed based on the Letter was being recited tion. He issued Inter caetera, his Papal bull of
and sung in street corners of Rome and Flor- 1493, which, in a sequence of such papal bulls,
E
ence. No doubt, the momentous news was once again reclaimed the “pagan” world for
fully noted in Vatican discussions. The Co- Christian dominion. It divided the bulk of the
lumbus missive spoke of fabulous potential “New World” – partly for Portugal and mostly
for wealth, major gains to be made in gold, for Spain. Alexander’s bull would become the
natural resources and cheap indigenous labor. basis for the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, which
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 25TAINO AT THE VATICAN
Columbus had written, in the Letter: “…
Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863), The Return of Christopher
they are so guileless and so generous with all
Columbus, 1839. Oil on canvas, 33 ½" x 45 ½". Thomas A. that they possess, that no one would believe
DeVilbiss Bequest Fund, 1938.80. it who has not seen it. They refuse nothing
that they possess, if it be asked of them; on
the contrary, they invite any one to share it
and display as much love as if they would give
their hearts…”
D
ismissing the expectation that
these characteristics denote
lesser intelligence, Columbus
adds, “to the contrary…they
are…of a very acute intelli-
gence and they are men who navigate all those
seas, so that it is amazing how good an account
they give of everything…”
Columbus did not hesitate, however, in
COURTESY TOLEDO (OHIO) MUSEUM OF ART
“capturing…Indians,” and would from the
onset consider their peaceful nature an asset
toward their potential enslavement. He was
likely referring to the specific people later
depicted in the Borgia fresco when he wrote,
“in the first island…I took some of the natives
by force, in order that they might learn and
might give me information of whatever there
is in these parts.”
“COLUMBUS further detailed the division of the world for
Christian nations. The thinking inherent in
Alexander VI died in 1503, just as a Spanish
governor friar, Nicolas de Ovando, was hang-
HAD WRITTEN, IN THE the treaty gave rise to the infamous Doctrine of ing the Taino queen Anacaona and burning
Discovery, the legal construct that justified the ni-taino caciques by the dozen-plus-one, to
LETTER: ‘…THEY ARE dispossession of American Indigenous nations signify Jesus and the twelve apostles. With the
SO GUILELESS AND SO by European powers. Pope’s death, the rooms of the Borgia Aparta-
GENEROUS WITH ALL The scene of dancing Tainos is depicted mento were closed untouched for nearly 400
in but a small frame within the huge topic years, shunned because of his bad reputation.
THAT THEY POSSESS, of the Christian Resurrection. Painted in Only late in the 20th century was restoration
THAT NO ONE WOULD white, colorless in a sea of color, “the Indi- work fully engaged. As a people, the Taino,
BELIEVE IT WHO HAS ans” are framed behind the right shoulder too, were relegated to the obscurity of de-
of a Roman soldier and the edge of his red clared extinction, shut behind closed doors by
NOT SEEN IT. THEY tunic. The soldier gazes up in astonishment subsequent histories of the Caribbean.
REFUSE NOTHING THAT at the rising body of Jesus. The Borgia Pope From the group of mostly unidentified
THEY POSSESS, IF IT BE himself appears kneeling in prayer at the left captive dancers in the Borgia apartment, we
side of the mural, observing not only the have one with clear, variously documented
ASKED OF THEM...’” resurrected body of Jesus, but also the danc- name and narrative – Diego Colon, Lucayan
ing figures. It makes sense; in the waning of Taino interpreter from the Bahamian cays
his own papal influence, Alexander VI is in- northeast of Cuba, specifically Guanahani,
strumental in the division of this new world the first island sighted by Columbus. Diego
– either paradise or inferno – from which would become the Admiral’s adopted Taino
come these strange, certainly distinct, new son, and his primary interpreter during the
human beings. Revealed during his pontifi- second voyage and other explorations. A
cate, the grand “discovery” of a “new world” good list of writers, including this one, have
and a new type of human being, generated touched or been touched by this character
the immediate question: Who are these new from documented history who was transi-
people? What do they represent? tional and dialectical at the Taino’s principal
26 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2013Fine Quality Native
American Jewelry & Art
Artists:
Orville Tsinnie,
Causandra &
Michael Dukepoo
Cactus
Wren
Gallery
CactusWrenGallery.com
406 Delaware St., New Castle, DE 19720
302-328-7595 l Fax: 302-328-7594
info@CactusWrenGallery.com
historical moment, at the pivotal beginning of
the modern world. He is a historical character
and dream-mind with whom I once shared
long writing evenings over several years work-
ing on my novel.
One important witness in the novel is
Father Bartolome de las Casas, the historical
“defender of the Indians,” whose chronicle,
History of the Indies, led me to find Diego
Colon’s final trails. Las Casas, the “good friar,”
was the most vigorous lifelong advocate for
the humanity of American Indians in all co-
lonial history.
The Indian Diego – I like to think he is per-
haps the one facing front, or the one holding
the feather – lived to the 1530s in a convent in
Santo Domingo, where las Casas places him,
and where the mind’s eye of my novel finds
him, an old man full of the memory of his
momentous times and, in the novel at least,
also full of admonitions to the coming gen-
erations of his people who even today, after
centuries of ghostly absence and much like the
dancers at the Vatican, make a reappearance, a
Caribbean Indigenous resurgence, in this new
era, this post-modern world. X
Jose Barreiro (Taino) is director of the office of Culture,
History and Latin American Affairs at the National Museum
of the American Indian.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 27PHOTO BY DAVID M. RUSSELL, COURTESY OF LIFETIME
Design by Patricia Michaels with micaceous
and silver piettes, Project Runway, Season 11,
Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week 2013.
28 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2013KIVA NEW
TO PROJECT
RUNWAY:
‘‘ I just knew that when you go
out there and you do your [dance]
performance competitively, you don’t
give it a conservative moment, you
give it everything you have. You have
every bit of conviction that when you
take that turn that you’re going to keep
spinning and be flying at least three
inches off the earth as you’re turning
NATIVES MAKE
and dancing. I wanted my collection
to feel that way. I wanted it to be in
flight! I wanted that flight to be felt
in that moment.”
THEIR OWN – PATRICIA MICHAELS (Taos Pueblo)
FASHION
STATEMENT
BY THERESA BARBARO
NATIVE FASHION DESIGNER PATRICIA MICHAELS
(Taos Pueblo) was already well known in the Southwest when Patricia Michaels working on
Project Runway Season 11.
the invitation came that made her a national TV celebrity.
Her listing on a website for booking fashion models
brought her to the attention of the producers of the influ-
ential cable TV competition Project Runway. In its recently
completed 11th season, the show invited Michaels to be its
first contestant of American Indian descent. Surviving week
after week in the often-catty competition, Michaels fre-
quently drew the judges’ praise for producing “something
we’ve never seen before.” One other contestant complained
that for host Heidi Klum, the famed model and entrepre-
neur, Michaels “could do no wrong.”
In the final episode, timed for New York’s Fashion Week,
PHOTO BY BARBARA NITKE, COURTESY OF LIFETIME
Michaels startled the runway audience with a blue dress cov-
ered, elk-tooth fashion, with handcrafted mica pendants and
an undulating head piece whose filaments veiled the model’s
face. Judge Zac Posen, the noted designer, called it “techno pow-
wow.” In the end Michaels came within a horsehair of winning,
a showing that in itself became a rallying cry for Indian fashion.
Michaels’ performance was a revelation for a national au-
dience deeply ignorant about contemporary Native fashion.
As Michaels noted, mainstream fashion thought “that a roach
meant a cockroach.” But she was working within a 70-year
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 29FASHION STATEMENT
PHOTO BY BARBARA NITKE, COURTESY OF LIFETIME
Designs by Patricia Michaels, Project Runway, Season 11. Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week 2013.
tradition of famed Indian designers bring- She studied design at the Institute of while “to stumble your way in that direction.”
ing a Native vision, without compromise, to American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, which then “There weren’t a lot of examples of ‘how to’
the commercial mainstream. She follows the had a flourishing program in fashion design. or a source I could look to for tools on what
trail of the major figures Lloyd Kiva New and She then followed the example of her mentor helps you earn your space in the competitive
Wendy Ponca, and her current generation is Lloyd Kiva New and enrolled in the Chicago fashion industry. On the other hand, everyone
blossoming with new talents. Art Institute. else is ready to tell you how to design Native
Michaels grew up near Canyon Road in Her textile designing flourished and, four attire, and yet they’re not Native nor are they
Santa Fe, N.M. She visited the art galleries years ago, she set up a company, PM Waterlily designing professionally.
there while attending parochial school and LLC. The label combines her initials and her “Misrepresentation by non-Natives in it-
became inspired by the paintings. She strug- native name Waterlily. She explains that the self, has to change. An authentic voice has to
gled in her studies because of dyslexia but plant, “was a medicinal trade pre-Columbus. be the standard. We have to embrace what’s in
excelled in her creativity and artistic abilities. Our trade routes went down into Mexico all our hearts and ‘own it’ in order for all of us to
She found a way to be a part of scholastic the way to Canada. People would come to our move forward as a people.”
success by drawing or painting beautiful bor- village to trade. Unfortunately, we don’t know In recovering this voice and bringing it to
ders around the container where her fellow how we used it as a medicine. No medicine the modern fashion world, Michaels is taking
classmates’ golden star papers would go on man or woman is around to know how it was a course that might have startled her televi-
the chalkboard. She changed it every month. used. My name itself has taught me to realize sion viewers. But it has forerunners like Lloyd
“Everyone loved it! I found a way to be up our voice has been muffled, because it hasn’t Kiva New and Wendy Ponca. The Institute of
there,” she said. She is proud to be “a person been our voice for so long.” American Indian Arts (IAIA) recently honored
who would change things around when I Although creating a label seems like the their contribution in an exhibit now available
couldn’t be a part of it from the beginning.” most logical step to take, she said, it took a online: iaia.edu/museum/exhibitions/online/
30 AMERICAN INDIAN FALL 2013You can also read
