Fast Radio Bursts et campagnes d'observation de FRB121102 - Indico
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Fast Radio Bursts
et
campagnes d’observation de FRB121102
Christian Gouiffès
Département d’Astrophysique – CEA Saclay
christian.gouiffes@cea.fr
I. Cognard – Nançay/NRT
L. Spitler, M. Cruces – MPIfR Bonn/Effelsberg
L. Qian, Di Li, NAOC/CAS Beijing/FAST
P. Laurent, E. Le Floc’h, A. Maury, S. Corbel, J. Girard, J. Guilet, D. Götz, J. Rodriguez – CEA
Saclay/INTEGRAL+
P. Zarka, F. Mottez, Obs. De Paris
A. Shearer, E. O’Connor – NUI Galway
M. Dennefeld, IAP
V. Savchenko, ISDC
+ ….
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019
Outline :
ü “Very brief Introduction” to Fast Radio Bursts
ü FRB121102, a special and unique target for years
ü Search for a counterpart to FRB121102 , the INTEGRAL programme
ü The host galaxies programme
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019
Fast Radio burst was discovered in 2007 by Duncan Lorimer during a Parkes LMC archive
search – 2001 - programme forlooking to fast/very fast variable objects :
Remarks : D. L. expert in radio pulsars science
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019
The « Lorimer » burst
Fast Radio Bursts:
• Discovered in 2007 (Lorimer burst)
• Bright, short radio pulses
• High dispersion measure (DM) -> Extragalactic origin
• Cataclysmic event ?
• Radiations propagating through an ionized medium disperse FRB pulses and delay the arrival time
DM tot = DM MW + DM IGM + DM HG + DM circum
• DM MW ~ 30 cm-3 pc at Galactic latitudes |b| > 30deg
(possible extra contribution of ~15-50 cm-3 pc from
the Galactic Halo)
• DM HG : ~ 50 cm-3 pc from the ISM of the host galaxy, possibly up
to ~1000 cm-3 pc if occurring in dense gaseous regions from the
inner parsecs of the host
• DM circum : very hard to constrain (progenitor dependent)
DM tot ~ 100 – 2500 cm-3 pc
à DM IGM is largely dominant
à DM IGM indicates distance (assuming
homogeneous IGM distribution)
à If known z, DMIGM constrains IGM baryons
Macquart (2018)
Major progress recently thanks to new wide field
networks/telescopes
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019
Without
forgetting
other very
active facilities
Effelsberg telescope
Arecibo telescope
FAST GBT
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019 NRT : Nançay Radio Telescope
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019 Petroff et al, 2019
90 FRBs on 2019, Sept, 25th
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019
http://www.frbcat.org (Petroff et al, 2016)
2 class of FRB’s : repeating and not repeating (often referred as cataclysmic event)
Petroff et al, 2019
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019FRB121102, the first repeating FRB
June2016 February2017
(Spitler, private com.)
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019A very brief history of the Fast Radio Burst FRB121102
ü Discovery at Arecibo /PALFA survey, 2012 November 2 (Spitzer et al, 2014)
ü Follow-up Arecibo 10 new bursts detected —> FRB121102 is a repeating burst (Spitler et al,
2016)
ü Follow-up: Arecibo, Effelsberg, Green Bank telescope, Lowell telescope, VLA
è 6 more bursts (Scholz et al, 2016)
N=17 bursts
ü VLA follow up: 83h distributed over 6 months è 9 bursts detected in 2016
+ Optical identification of the host galaxy (Chatterjee et al, 2017)
• accurate localizationMany theoretical models proposed for FRB121102
• Collapses of supra-massive neutron star into black hole (Falcke et al, 2014,
Zhang et al, 2014)
• Magnetar pulse-wind interactions (Lyubarsky, 2014)
• Charged black hole binary mergers (Zhang et al, 2016)
• Giant pulse emissions from pulsars (Cordes et al, 2016)
• Giant flares from magnetars (Katz at al, 2014, Kulkarni et al, 2014, Pen et al,
2015)
• Unipolar inductor model (Wang et al, 2016)
• Double neutron stars mergers (Totani et al, 2013)
• Encontering of many asteroids with a highly magnetised pulsar (Dai et al, 2016)
• Radio emissions from pulsar companions (Mottez et al, 2014)
• Magnetic energy release in magnetar magnetosphere (Katz J.I, 2016)
• Extreme environment : ‘‘An extreme magneto-ionic environment associated
with fast radio burst source FRB121102.’, Michilli et al, Nature, January 11th,
2018 : Polarization (nearly 100%) à emission close to a massive black hole or
within a very powerful nebula
• …
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019Several arguments to search for a counterpart/afterglow of FRB’s in
lambda ≠ radio
- Important to look for afterglow
- Several models predict extended gamma-ray emission (Murase et al, 2017)
- Search for the host galaxy when possible (precision of the localization)
- A possible afterglow detected by Swift/BAT from FRB131104 (Delaunay et al, 2016)
The 2017 Campaign
Two orbits allocated late September 2017, multi-lamda campaign organized
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019Several facilities involved Hurricane Maria
BUT….
Effelsberg telescope OHP
Arecibo telescope
FAST GBT
GBT
Major failure of the hydraulic system
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019 NRT : Nançay Radio Telescope
(used for the receiver motion along its track)Revolution 1867
20-100 keV
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019
No burst detected à periods of quiescence of the source ?
Our September 2017 campaign
ATEL #10675 GBT, 15 bursts in 1 hour
Jy
June2016 February2017 July2017
Date (MJD)
Active Quiet Active Quiet
?
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019Change of strategy
Daily monitoring of FRB121102 with the Nançay Radio Telescope
ToO programme
Criteria : Trigger the INTEGRAL ToO (+others) when radio bursts detected in at least
in 2 over 3 one hour long successive observations with NRT (Nançay Radio Telescope)
(+supporting observations with Arecibo and Effelsberg )
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019Arecibo
Nançay
2019, AugustINTEGRAL + friends triggered Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019
Effelsberg
Arecibo
Alma
Swift
30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6
2019, September + Nenuphar
+ SRT
+ many bursts detected by FAST during this period
+ GTC/Hypercam
Analysis in progress + MagicINTEGRAL/ISGRI/preliminary Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019
Nançay NRT detections of FRB121102
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019 © I. Cognard13098 121102 at L-band
INTEGRAL and radio joint programme of FRB121102
121102 at L-band
FAST Detects Multiple Bursts in L-band from FRB
13090 Detection of A Fast Radio
Burst from FRB 121102 with
MeerKAT detections of FRB 121102 at L-band
13090 Detection of A Fast Radio
Burst from FRB 121102 with
Print130
the Haoping 40m Radio
during a renewed activity
the Haoping 40m Radio
Telescope, China 121102 Telescope, China
ATel #13098; Manisha Caleb (University of Manchester), Benjamin Stappers (University of 130
13075 UKIRT NIR upper limit on
13075 UKIRT NIR upper limit on Manchester),
FRB121102 Ewan Barr (MPIfR), Mechiel Christiaan Bezuidenhout (University of Manchester),
FRB121102
ATel
ATel #13073; Christian Gouiffes (CEA Saclay), Laura Spitler (MPIfR), Ismael Cognard (CNRS 13073 #13064; Di Li (NAOC), Xinxin Zhang (NAOC), Lei Qian (NAOC), Weiwei Zhu (NAOC), 13073 INTEGRAL and radio joint
Laura Driessen (University of Manchester), Fabian Jankowski (University of Manchester), 130
Orléans), Anaelle Maury (CEA Saclay), Jason Hessels (University of Amsterdam), Andrew RanINTEGRAL and radio joint
Duan (NAOC), Dan Werthimer (Berkeley), Vishal Gajjar (Berkeley), Yan Zhu (NAOC), Jeff programme of FRB121102
programme of FRB121102 Michael
during Kramer
a renewed activity (MPIfR), Mateusz Malenta (University of Manchester), Vincent Morello
Seymour (Obs. Arecibo), DI Li (NAOC), Philippe Laurent (CEA Saclay), Emeric Le Floc'h (CEA 13064 FAST(Berkeley),
Cobb Youling Yue (NAOC), Chengjin Jin (NAOC), Bing Zhang (UNLV), Christian
during a renewed activity
Gouiffes (CEA),
Detects Shen
Multiple Wang (NAOC), Laura Spitler (MPIfR), Mary Cruces (MPIfR), Jason
Bursts (University
13064 FAST of Manchester),
Detects Multiple Bursts
in L-band from FRB 121102
Kaustubh Rajwade (University of Manchester), Sotiris Sanidas 130
Saclay), Eoin O'Connor (NUI Galway), Stéphane Corbel (CEA Saclay), Mary Cruces (MPIfR), in L-band from FRB 121102 (University of Manchester), Weiwei Chen (MPIfR), Jason Wu (MPIfR), Sarah Buchner
Hessels (University of Amsterdam), Andrew Seymour (Arecibo), Eric Korpela (Berkeley), Jingtao
Michel Dennefeld (IAP), Diego Götz (CEA Saclay), Lei Qian (NAOC), Volodymyr Savchenko (SARAO), Rob Fender (University of Oxford), Lauren Rhodes (University of Oxford), Maciej
Luo, HengQian Gan (NAOC), Peng Jiang (NAOC), Hui Li (NAOC), Qi Li (NAOC), HongFei
(ISDC Geneva), Andy Shearer (NUI Galway), Jerome Rodriguez (CEA Saclay), Philippe Zarka Serylak (SARAO), Lee Townsend (UCT), Patrick Woudt (UCT), Julio Andrianjafy (University of
Liu (NAOC), Chenchen Miao (NAOC), Chenhui Niu (NAOC), GaoFeng Pan (NAOC), Zhichen
(Observatoire de Paris) Mauritius/DARA), Nalini Heeralall-Issur (University of Mauritius), Divya Hurwanth (University
Pan (NAOC), Bo Peng (NAOC), JingHai Sun (NAOC), Ningyu Tang (NAOC), QiMing Wang
on 3 Sep 2019; 19:28 UT
(NAOC), Pei Wang (NAOC), Xin Pei (XAO), Jun Yan (NAOC), Rui Yao(NAOC), DongJun Yu of Mauritius/DARA)
Credential Certification: Jerome Rodriguez (jrodriguez@cea.fr)
(NAOC), Mao Yuan (NAOC), Haiyan Zhang (NAOC), Lei Zhang (NAOC), ShuXin Zhang on 11 Sep 2019; 13:24 UT
Subjects: Radio, X-ray, Gamma Ray, Transient, Fast Radio Burst (NAOC), and and FAST Collaboration (NAOC) Credential Certification: Manisha Caleb (manishacaleb@gmail.com)
on 2 Sep 2019; 01:32 UT
Referred to by ATel #: 13098 Credential Certification: Di Li (dili@nao.cas.cn) Subjects: Radio, Transient, Fast Radio Burst
Tweet
FAST Detects Multiple BurstsReferred
from Fast Radio Burst 121102
to by ATel #: 13073, 13075, 13090, 13098
Subjects: Radio, Fast Radio Burst
Tweet
Here we report on a renewed activity of the repeating fast radio burst FRB121102. During an on- The MeerKAT telescope carried out observations of the FRB 121102 on 10 September 2019 at
going programme involving the INTEGRAL satellite in hard X-rays, the Arecibo, Effelsberg, and 03:00 UT, motivated by the source's recent activity as reported by various facilities (ATels #13064,
Tweet
the Nançay radio telescopes, several radio bursts were detected in the last days. Previous activity of #13073, #13090). MeerKAT performed the observations centred on 1284 MHz in the range of about
the source has also been reported using the FAST telescope (ATel #13064).
Sep 09, 2019 Tracking observations of FRB 121102 were carried out with the newly commissioned Five-
Our last observation on September, 3rd indicates that FRB121102 is still active and our monitoring hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We used the FAST L-band Array of 19-
900-1670 MHz, as part of a Director's Discretionary Time Proposal. 384 coherent beams centred on
the location of the burst were formed using the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy beam
of the source will continue in the coming days according to the following schedules : beams (FLAN), which has a FWHM of ~2.95' for individual beams and a ~26' footprint. The source former. Using the MeerTRAP real-time single pulse detection pipeline and backend, in our
was placed in the central beam, while all 19 beams were recorded. The bursts were firstly identified preliminary analysis we identified 12 repeat bursts in 3 hours of observing time. Further data
- INTEGRAL observations will continue till 2019, September 6 05:00 UTC (revolution 2132 and by the FRB backend on August 29th (UT), which performs real time signal processing of 19- analysis is ongoing. An example pulse can be seen in the link below. FRB 121102 is still active and
2133, see detailed scheduling information at https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/integral/schedule- beams data and automatic candidate selection/triggering. The subsequent single pulse search using we encourage multifrequency observations.
information ) multiple pipelines have turned up many tens of pulses with significant SNR in observations carried
Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio out Telescope
so far, on the (FAST), the
29th, 30th, and 31stworld largest
(UT). While single dish
careful cross-check radio
are being carriedtelescope,
out, the began telescope
The MeerKAT commissioning onSouth
is operated by the 25th September,
African 2016.
Radio Astronomy In (SARAO),
Observatory
- Nançay will observe on: majority of these detections are expected to be credible. FAST has been targeting FRB 121102 since which is a facility of the National Research Foundation, an agency of the Department of Science
February 2019, it announced call for proposal publicly April of thisto Chinese
year. In addition astronomers.
to the regular on-goingMore
FRB than 133
follow-up proposals
programs, the currentfrom 21 institutions including the University of Hong Kong
and Innovation. MeerTRAP acknowledges funding from the European Research Council were(ERC)
04.09.2019 05h59 -> 06h59 UT observations was also motivated by timely and valuable alerts from our colleagues in the
under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement
received. Granted proposals started to arrangeINTEGRAL observations onteam,
team, Arecibo 18th April,Institute
Max-Plank 2019. for Radio Astronomy, Berkeley, and Cornell
No. 694745). We would like to thank the Director, the operators and SARAO for scheduling these
05.09.2019 05h55 -> 06h55 UT University. Given the significance of this source and its now apparent active state, FAST is
executing more observations under the auspice of engineering testing time and multiple approved observations.
06.09.2019 05h51 -> 06h51 UT PI-led programs, which targeted FRB 121102. We encourage more ToO observations with other
MeerKAT FRB 121102
- Effelsberg will observe on: In its recent tracking observation of the Fast Radio Burst (FRB) FRB121102 using FAST L-band 19-beam receiver (with FWHM of ~2.95' for individual beam), FAST
facilities.
FAST pulsar survey results
detected
etects Multiple Bursts from Fast Radio
4.9 from 0:15 to 7:00 UTC multiple bursts. http://search.cas.cn/print/document_print.jsp
Burst 121102:::...
Print
The bursts were firstly identified by the FAST FRB backend on August 29th (UT), which performs real time signal processing of 19-beam data and automatic candidate
1 sur 2 25/09/2019 à 20:49
25/09/2019 à 20:49
selection/triggering. The subsequent single pulse search using multiple pipelines have turned up many tens of pulses with significant SNR in observations carried out so
far, from 29th August to 3rd September (UT).
FAST Detects Multiple Bursts from Fast Radio Burst 121102
1 sur 2
Sep 09, 2019
The total number of bursts detected from FRB121102 this time is known to be the highest by far. Careful cross-check and further processing are being carried out.
Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), the world largest single dish radio telescope, began commissioning on 25th September, 2016. In
February 2019, it announced call for proposal publicly to Chinese astronomers. More than 133 proposals from 21 institutions including the University of Hong Kong were
received. Granted proposals started to arrange observations on 18th April, 2019.
In its recent tracking observation of the Fast Radio Burst (FRB) FRB121102 using FAST L-band 19-beam receiver (with FWHM of ~2.95' for individual beam), FAST
detected multiple bursts.
FAST FRB backend was developed by researchers from the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC), and the collaborators
Communication OK
The bursts were firstly identified by the FAST FRB backend on August 29th (UT), which performs real time signal processing of 19-beam data and automatic candidate
selection/triggering. The subsequent single pulse search using multiple pipelines have turned up many tens of pulses with significant SNR in observations carried out so
from UC Berkeley, Beijing Normal University and Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It passed technical review and final project
far, from 29th August to 3rd September (UT).
The total number of bursts detected from FRB121102 this time is known to be the highest by far. Careful cross-check and further processing are being carried out.
review in November 2018 and was rated as excellent NAOC project.
FAST FRB backend was developed by researchers from the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC), and the collaborators
from UC Berkeley, Beijing Normal University and Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It passed technical review and final project
review in November 2018 and was rated as excellent NAOC project.
The FAST FRB backend system has high-efficiency real-time pulse capture capability, and can observe in parallel with most observation tasks. It will play an important
The FAST FRB backend system has high-efficiency real-time pulse capture capability, and can observe in parallel with most observation tasks. It will play an important
role in the discovery of new FRBs, improving the position accuracy and capturing the high-resolution absorption lines generated by FRB in real time.
FRB are the brightest burst in radio band currently known in the universe, but there is no reasonable explanation for their origin. The repeated bursts detection of FAST
role in the discovery of new FRBs, improving the position accuracy and capturing the high-resolution absorption lines generated by FRB in real time.
will promote the research on understanding the origin and physical mechanism of FRB.
FAST has been targeting FRB 121102 since April 2019, and is executing more observations under the auspice of engineering testing time and multiple approved PI-led
programs. In addition to the regular on-going FRB follow-up programs, the current observation was also motivated by timely and valuable alerts from the colleagues in the
INTEGRAL team, Arecibo team, Max-Plank Institute for Radio Astronomy, Berkeley, and Cornell University.
FRB are the brightest burst in radio band currently known in the universe, but there is no reasonable explanation for their origin. The repeated bursts detection of FAST
Address: http://english.cas.cn/
will promote the research on understanding the origin and physical mechanism of FRB.
Copyright © 2003 - 2015 Chinese Academy of Sciences
FAST has been targeting FRB 121102 since April 2019, and is executing more observations under the auspice of engineering testing time and multiple approved PI-led
programs. In addition to the regular on-going FRB follow-up programs, the current observation was also motivated by timely and valuable alerts from the colleagues in the
Christian
INTEGRAL team, Arecibo team, Max-Plank Institute for Gouiffès,
Radio Astronomy, TS2020,
Berkeley, 26/09/2019
and Cornell University.The « Cognard » bursts
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019FRB121102 : a Fast Radio Burst with repeating pulses
(Chatterjee+17)
à Localization at sub-arcsec with the VLA
Host identification, redshift :
- z=0.2 (consistent with DM)
- Log (M*/Msun) = 8.2
- Star-forming (Main Seq.)
- No AGN (from BPT)
- + a persistent radio source
(origin unknown)
Similarities with the hosts of
Long GRBs and SLSNe
Refs: Tendulkar+, Chatterjee+, Bassa+, Spitler+FRB180814.J0422+73, second repeater, CHIME/FRB, DM=190 cm-3 pc
The field of FRB180814.J0422+73 as observed by our team in February 2019. These frames were
taken at the CFHT with the Infrared Wircam camera: images in the J, H and K band (from left to
right). The 99% error box (20’x8’) of the CHIME detection is indicated in red.
(Dennefeld, Le Floc’h, Gouiffès, Cuillandre et al, unpublished work)
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019Some thoughts
ü NRT extremely useful for regular monitoring (caution to believe SKA will solve everything,
as E-ELT)
ü Good communication : programme lead by no-radioastronmers might have help
ü Interaction with FAST encouraging (future collaborations, SVOM context, etc)
ü Trigger extragalactic programmes and proposals (à AO INSU 2020 PNHE+PNCG J )
ü Need better localisation of FRB’s for follow-up
ü Host galaxies studies at the beginning, many things to be done
ü Better communication to the « better localisation of FRB’s for follow-up »
ü New ToO INTEGRAL campaign in 2020 (3 orbits)
ü Can we take advantage of GRB’s studies/history to improve strategies, etc
Christian Gouiffès, TS2020, 26/09/2019You can also read
