GG2L - GREEN GAS TO LIQUID - INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF GREEN FUEL FOR THE AVIATION INDUSTRY - GTAI
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GG2L – GREEN GAS TO LIQUID
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF GREEN FUEL
FOR THE AVIATION INDUSTRY
PHASE 1 – PROOF OF CONCEPT
CONSTRUCTION OF A 10 BPD GREEN-GAS-TO-LIQUID (GG2L) FACILITY
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL (SAF)
PRESENTATION AT HANNOVER MESSE 25 APRIL 2018
DR. RÜDIGER SCHWARZ, MANAGING DIRECTOR CCS/ALF
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CONTINUED GROWTH OF AVIATION MARKET
Kerosene consumption is expected to quadruple by 2050
• Air traffic will continue to grow by annually
4.7 per cent over the coming 20 years
• Airbus: 6,000 new orders (01/2016)
• Annual kerosene demand is expected to
rise by 3 – 3.5 per cent
• Aviation sector depends on crude oil
• Crude oil is a scarce commodity
Source: International Civil Aviation Organisation
Reliable and cost-effective provision of crude oil based jet fuels: will become more difficult in the
future
Strategic reorientation: long-term disassociation of the aviation industry from crude oil
New foundation: alternative fuels
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PRICE DEVELOPMENT I
It is difficult to obtain accurate predictions on the evolution of the oil
price for a period of more than one year. However, all the experts agree
that the world economy will be burdened by a pronounced
price increase.
Source: www.iata.org Source: World Bank
Price development of jet fuel and World Bank forecast:
crude oil from 2011 to 2018 oil price development until 2025
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PRICE DEVELOPMENT II
Why does the fall in prices for refinery
products not fully reflect the oil price
decrease?
• The world refinery capacity is limited and
grows by 0.6 per cent a year only
• Consumption of refinery products is
annually growing by 1.7 per cent
• In addition, stricter environmental
requirements reduce the output of older
Source: www.dual-h.com
refineries
Development of spot market prices for
gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and crude oil (Brent)
Crude oil price in right scale, product prices as difference in left scale
Why do capacities not grow to meet the growing demand?
• Refinery margins fell from 10 USD/barrel to 5 USD/barrel during the last decade
• This price erosion, further aggravated by the drop of crude oil prices, makes investments in new
refineries unattractive
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CLIMATE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
The „Paris Agreement“ of the 21. United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) and its
ambitious climate protection targets put even more pressure on the need for the development of
alternative and environmentally friendly fuels. Target: carbon-neutral growth (not decarbonisation)
Article 2.1
“This Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to
the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including by:
a) Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit
the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts
of climate change;”
Article 4.1
“In order to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2, Parties aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas
emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that peaking will take longer for developing country Parties, and to undertake rapid
reductions thereafter in accordance with best available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by
sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century, on the basis of equity, and in the context of
sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty.”
Article 5.1
“Parties should take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases as referred to in
Article 4, ….”
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POTENTIAL FOR ALTERNATIVE AVIATION FUELS
• The international aviation industry
(IATA) has agreed on ambitious goals for
climate protection:
• from 2020 onwards carbon
neutral growth
• to reduce the CO2 emissions by
50% by the year 2050 (basis year
2005)
• This goal will be achieved by:
• using more efficient engines
• optimization of traffic logistics and
IATA actions for reduction of CO2 emissions - 1: more efficient fuels by 2020; 2: stabilization of net
emissions by CO2-neutral growth; 3: halving CO2 emissions by 2050 on basis of 2005 (ATAG, Air Transport • mainly by the use of alternative
Action Group, 2013, p. 2) fuels (blue area in Figure)
• As a result of this agreement the demand for clean fuels has been increased significantly
• The increasing demand for alternative fuels led to rising R&D activities e.g.: Deutsche Lufthansa,
German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Airbus Group, U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)
• The „Aviation Initiative for Renewable Energy in Germany e. V.“ (aireg) was founded in 2011 in
order to support the development and use of alternative aviation fuels
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SPK – A NEW FUEL
• Proven technology: based on the Fischer-Tropsch • New CCS+U technologies allow coal to be used as
synthesis (FT) – developed in Germany in 1923 – raw material: possibility to make the best
fuels can be produced from carbon sources: economic use of CO2 (inter alia enhanced oil
„Carbon-to-Liquid“ (CtL), but recovery, production of methanol and other raw
• Innovation in technology and product materials for the chemical industry)
development has been made outside Europe • Lignite coal as native resource: span of more than
during the last 20 years 250 years and inexpensive and reliable
• Technology leadership: Republic of South Africa‘s • Pricing: regardless of worldwide oil price
SASOL and accompanying R&D landscape evolution
• Worldwide use: production of fuels (diesel, • Clean Fuel: fewer emissions of sulphur and
gasoline, kerosene), wax, fertilizer, chemical raw nitrogen oxides as well as CO2 when burnt
materials for the chemical industry • Efficient Fuel: longer maintenance intervals and
• Biogas, natural gas and bio-methane from the turbine operation times
German gas pool can be used for SPK
SPK – Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene = drop-in fuel for the aviation industry
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ADVANTAGES OF SYNTHETIC FUELS
DLR – measurement flight confirms Clean Fuel properties of synthetically manufactured fuels
Short-term: drop-in fuels already certified Fully synthetic kerosene SASOL
1. Technical performance can be increased
2. Harmful substances can be reduced
a. Double climate effects: CO2 and soot particulates
b. Health effects around airports
Proof: DLR Project ECLIF
1. ECLIF – Emission and Climate Impact of Alternative Fuels
2. Soot particulate reduction by up to 50 per cent
depending on aromatic content and structure
Long-term: Near drop-in fuels with modified specifications
1. Further increase of technical performance:
range, ignition capability, anti-freeze, thermal stability
2. Further massive reduction of sooth, sulphur and CO2
3. Development of an ideal Boutique Fuel
4. High-efficiency engines with extremely low levels of harmful emissions
can be developed
Research must pave the way – quite a special opportunity for Germany
Source: Presentation by Manfred Aigner, 30.11.2015 – Chancen von synthetischen Treibstoffen
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SYNTHETIC KEROSENE – OVER 2,000 COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS*
In September 2010, Sasol took the world’s first “… by 2025 to have 70% of our aviation fuel coming from
fully synthetic jet fuel flight coal-based sources”, M. Aimone, the US Air Force ass. dep.
(http://visfinger.blogspot.de/2010/09/sa-with-another-first.html)
chief of staff for logistics.
(http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-USAF-SynFuels.html)
January 2013 - Qatar Airways and Shell
introduced a new synthetic jet fuel
(http://www.qatarairways.com/sg/en/csr-fuels.page)
DLR test flight with alternative fuels
(http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081
/151_read-15388/#/gallery/20878)
* http://www.bdl.aero/download/2139/10_alternative-kraftstoffe_roetger_iata_tisch-10_bdl- klimaschutz.pdf
and http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/environment/Documents/safr-1-2015.pdf
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PROJECT ORGANISATION – TEAM
CCS GmbH and Holland & Hausberger (Pty) Ltd jointly established the Germany-based
Advanced Liquid Fuel (ALF) company to cover the international market in 2016.
Project team:
▪ Dr Rüdiger Schwarz ▪ Dr Brendon Hausberger
Project Director Technical Project Director
Managing Director Managing Director
CCS GmbH, ALF Advanced Liquid Fuel UG Holland & Hausberger (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg
▪ Axel Juch ▪ Dr Erhard Tschirner
Project Manager Dr. Ralf Boback
Director CCS GmbH Technical Team
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Green-Gas-to-Liquid – GG2LPROJECT ORGANISATION – PARTNERS
• 3B Energie
• 4Terra Smart Solutions
• aireg - Aviation Initiative for Renewable Energy in Germany e.V.
• CFB-Aircraft
• Clausthaler Umwelttechnik Forschungszentrum
• H5-Energy
• Land Niedersachsen Demonstration plant
• LIKAT Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.
• SOWAREEN Solutions AG
Golden Nest plant in China. Construction: MAN
Diesel & Turbo. Design: H&H.
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Green-Gas-to-Liquid – GG2LPROJECT GG2L – GREEN GAS TO LIQUID
• aireg member CCS has got firm support by the State of Lower Saxony for the
construction of a pilot plant of bio-methan based GtL-FT green Jetfuel.
• This pilot plant may be the catalyst for Germany‘s first step towards a continous supply
of green jetfuel.
• Production of green fuel and green basic chemicals based on biogas
• Site of facility: Province of Lower Saxony, Germany
• Start of production: May 2019
• Capacity: 10 bpd (1.500 l/d) FT-product
• Offtake of complete production secured
• Feedstock: standard biogas plant
Potential: 8.000 biogas plants in Germany alone
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Green-Gas-to-Liquid – GG2LGG2L – TECHNOLOGY PATHWAY
Gas clean-up and Product up-
Feedstock Fischer-Tropsch-
Syngas grading and
preparation Synthesis
production distribution
• Production of • Gas clean-up • Synthesis Diesel
raw biogas • Reforming • Product generation
• Syngas • Product beneficiation
generation
Wax
Chemicals
Kerosene
• Improving carbon cycle economy
• Bio-Economy Value chain development
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Green-Gas-to-Liquid – GG2LINNOVATIONS OF THE ALF-FT-TECHNOLOGY I
• Modular technology platform: variability options
concerning the number and the arrangement of tubular
reactors allow increased user flexibility for decentralised
and centralised use
• The modular design allows ideal adjustment to the capacity
of decentralised e-CO2 sources, too
• Newly developed Fe-catalyst (key of ALF technology). It is
characterised by high product selectivity, high shift
properties (particularly important for CO2 based synthetic
gas), low CH4 formation rate, increased aromatics content,
longer operating times and low overall material costs
• Once-through operation: together with tiered Syncrude
separation it guaranties a higher drop-in kerosene yield of
up to 70 per cent
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Green-Gas-to-Liquid – GG2LINNOVATIONS OF THE ALF-FT-TECHNOLOGY II
• High load flexibility and product quality
• Process control/upscaling: The ALF technology generates the required regeneration heat which
is indispensable for the separation of e-CO2 from air and f-CO2 in a large scale refinery
operation. The attachment – including integrated infrastructure – to a large scale refinery
substantially reduces capital investment expenditures and operating costs as compared to a
stand alone facility.
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Green-Gas-to-Liquid – GG2LKEY FEATURES OF THE 10 BPD FACILITY
• Surface area: 2,000 m² • Business Case
CAPEX + OPEX: 10 Mio. EUR (2 years)
• Height: 14 m
Revenue scenario 1: after Proof of Concept
• Input: generation of licensing income per barrel installed
Biogas capacity of the industrial plant
or
Revenue scenario 2: continued cost-effective
Natural gas operation of the plant with the focus on FT wax for
(chemical + thermal use) the chemical-pharmaceutical industry
or
Revenue scenario 3: sale to major R&D facilities
Syngas (EOI have been received)
or
Revenue scenario 4: Industrial rollout, micro-bio-
CO2 + H2 refineries.
Coke gas
or
Coal
Water
• Electricity generation
• Standard connections Semi-industrial SPK plant as phase 1 – Proof of Concept
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Green-Gas-to-Liquid – GG2LCONTACT DETAILS – CCS GMBH / ALF UG
Project Director
Dr Rüdiger Schwarz
E-Mail: schwarz@clean-carbon-solutions.org
Phone: +49 30 88 71 73 500
Mobile: +49 160 718 41 01
Project Manager
Axel Juch
E-Mail: a.juch@clean-carbon-solutions.org
Phone: +49 30 88 71 73 502
Mobile: +49 160 718 41 20
www.ccs-greenenergy.com
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