ITS RESEARCH REPORT 2020 - Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) - Faculty of Environment
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www.its.leeds.ac.uk
Institute for
Transport Studies (ITS)
ITS RESEARCH REPORT 2020
To mitigate COVID-19 spread in
transport, Dr Zia Wadud has won
major funding to tackle the pandemic
in the global south. Professor Greg
Marsden has also won Covid
emergency funding for travel data
collection. Professor Susan Grant-
Muller is leading the ITS team
investigating Covid-19 transmission on
public transport (see TRACK project
later in this report – led by SAGE
member Professor Cath Noakes who
received an OBE for her services to the
Covid-19 response).
Dr Charisma Choudhury was awarded a
prestigious Future Leaders Fellowship. The
UKRI scheme invests in outstanding
individuals across the UK. These research
and innovation leaders will be supported to
develop their careers while tackling
ambitious global challenges. Dr Choudhury
is developing next generation mathematical
models of travel behaviour that can better Cycle prioritisation, e-bikes and micromobility are topics that have engaged a number
predict people’s travel activity and journey of ITS researchers during 2020. Look in this report for projects led by Dr Robin
decisions (see NEXUS project later in this Lovelace, Dr Ian Philips, Dr Haibo Chen and Prof Susan Grant Muller.
report).
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ITS Research Report 2020
CONTENTS
HIGHLIGHTS OF 2020.................................................................................. 3
Awards......................................................................................................... 3
Influencing Transport Policy........................................................................... 4
Visitors......................................................................................................... 5
Staff changes................................................................................................ 5
PhD Awards.................................................................................................. 5
Postgraduate Research Students.................................................................... 6
Alumni......................................................................................................... 6
RESEARCH PROJECTS.................................................................................. 7
Digital Futures.............................................................................................. 7
Energy.......................................................................................................... 8
Transport and Cities..................................................................................... 10
Simulation.................................................................................................. 14
Automation................................................................................................. 14
Rail............................................................................................................ 19
Connected and Shared Mobility.................................................................... 21
Air Quality and Health................................................................................. 23
Choice Modelling......................................................................................... 26
PUBLICATIONS.......................................................................................... 28
Journal Papers............................................................................................ 28
Conference Papers...................................................................................... 29
Books and Book Chapters ............................................................................ 30
Reports...................................................................................................... 30
INDEX OF FEATURED PROJECTS................................................................ 31
RESEARCHERS AND THEIR PROJECT ACTIVITY DURING 2020.................... 32
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www.its.leeds.ac.uk
Highlights of 2020
New research shows that electrically-
assisted bikes (e-bikes) have the capability
to slash carbon dioxide emissions from
transport and could offer a safe and
sustainable route back to work. e-bikes, if
used to replace car travel, have the
capability to cut car carbon dioxide
emissions in England by up to 50% –
about 30 million tonnes per year. Even
replacing just 20% of car miles travelled
with e-bike travel would mean 4-8 million
fewer tonnes of carbon emitted each year.
The greatest impact on carbon emissions
would come from e-bike use outside urban
centres. In Denmark, e-bike routes are
already linking cities to towns and villages.
e-bikes can help people make longer
journeys than conventional cycles, and
could bring new transport options to
people living outside urban centres. In the
post-coronavirus recovery, e-bikes could The promotion of cycling and walking is an important aspect of our research.
offer a safe way for people to travel.
e-bikes could also help cut the costs of
travel in neighbourhoods characterised by
free and open tool will help ensure that the Awards
government’s Emergency Active Travel
low incomes or limited access to public Dr Charisma Choudhury was awarded a
Fund is spent where it is most needed, for
transport. prestigious Future Leaders Fellowship. The
maximum long term benefit.
UKRI scheme invests in outstanding
Dr Ian Philips who led the research as a individuals across the UK. These research
Daniel Johnson was project co-ordinator on
member of CREDS (Centre for Research and innovation leaders will be supported to
the recently completed EU-funded
into Energy Demand Solutions) said “The develop their careers while tackling
SMaRTE project. SMaRTE studied both
strategic potential of e-bikes as a mass- ambitious global challenges. Dr Choudhury is
condition based maintenance and the
transport option has been overlooked by developing the next generation mathematical
passenger experience. SMaRTE is linked to
policymakers so far. As we emerge from models of travel behaviour that can better
the cross cutting activities of the large
the COVID lockdown, e-bikes can be part predict activity and travel decisions (see
scale Shift2Rail (S2R) programme. The
of the solution to getting people safely NEXUS project later in this report).
team investigated techniques for predicting
mobile once again. We’re recommending
the condition of rolling stock components
that governments across the UK should Bryan Matthews won the Inclusive Mobility
and systems and developed tools to
find ways to incentivise e-bike use to Award 2020. His ambassadorship for
optimise maintenance decision-making
replace car journeys. As well as lowering transport accessibility and social inclusion
resulting in potential 35% maintenance
carbon emissions from transport, e-bikes was recognised by the Intelligent Transport
cost reductions. They also studied current
have the potential to improve the mobility Systems UK Association.
and future passenger needs. This resulted
options for people and communities at risk
in a more holistic understanding of the
of transport poverty.”
journey planning process. The team
concluded that although ticket price is
Rapid Prioritisation of important for passengers, the ability to
Cycleways in Cities book journeys in advance and to find a
guaranteed seat were more important. So
New cycleways are being introduced in too were security and safety. Passengers
many cities, allowing healthy habits started expressed greatest dissatisfaction with
during the lockdown to continue. Dr Robin station car parking and cleanliness, ticket
Lovelace and Dr Joey Talbot explain how costs, wifi and power connectivity, and the
transport authorities must act quickly to frequency of peak services. Several of the
take advantage of the current cycling same factors affected recruitment of Best online course of all time – The
boom. Their research has identified roads non-rail travellers to rail. The team University of Leeds has ranked Transport
where there is both space and demand for assessed the likely impact of all suggested Systems: Global Issues and Future
cycling infrastructure. Their methods have improvements via three case studies, set Innovations as one of the top four. This
been used in a nationwide project funded around Leeds and Manchester. online course was created by Dr Yue Huang
by the Department for Transport (DfT) and Implementation of all recommendations (picture above) and is delivered by
transport charity Sustrans to help relieve was predicted to improve demand by colleagues from ITS. The course allows
immediate pressures on the transport 25-37%. Lowering ticket costs alone learners to discover how the transport sector
system and create long term change. The predicted demand increase by 9-12%. Yet, can develop infrastructures that meet the
result is the Rapid Cycleway Prioritisation ‘soft factors’ such as cleanliness were also needs of a 21st century population and
Tool which provides an interactive map for expected to be significant. introduces learners to what it is like to study
every transport authority in England. This for a master’s degree at ITS.
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ITS Research Report 2020
peoples’ changing transport experiences
during the COVID pandemic and the insights
this disruption gives.
Postgraduate researcher Jeroen
Bastiaanssen examined the impact of
transport accessibility to employment
prospects of the Dutch and UK labour force,
which was recently covered in the advisory
report ‘Access to the City’ by the Dutch
Council for the Environment and
Infrastructure and presented to the Dutch
ministers of the Interior and Transport. The
report discusses how people are unable to
sufficiently participate in urban life due to
issues with amenities, housing and
transport. The report advises a fundamental
change in transport policies to ensure that
people have sufficient possibilities to reach
work destinations.
Among her many influential roles Professor
Prioritisation of cycleways in cities allows healthy habits started during Covid lockdown to continue.
Jillian Anable has acted as an expert witness
at Greater Cambridge Citizens’ Assembly, is
Dr Thomas Hancock received the Eric Pas offer timely guidance to councils on how an academic panel member of Climate
award for the best PhD dissertation in transport decarbonisation can support a Assembly UK, a steering group member of
travel behaviour research for his thesis climate-smart recovery. the Electric vehicle and Energy taskforce
entitled Travel behaviour modelling at the and Chair of the Research and Evidence
interface between econometrics and Professor Greg Marsden, director of the group of the National Transport Strategy for
mathematical psychology. The DecarboN8 network, said: “Different Scotland review. Jillian also contributed
International Association for Travel councils face different transport challenges, evidence to the House of Commons Science
Behaviour Research (IATBR) commended but everywhere has to act - and to act now. and Technology Committee report ‘Clean
Thomas for the quality of his work, noting We cannot continue to pass the buck to our Growth: Technologies for meeting the UK’s
that his dissertation can “instigate a neighbours or to the next generation. Our emissions reduction targets’ (https://
paradigm shift in travel behaviour analysis” work shows what councils can do today to publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/
and that “Nobody has been able to help cut climate emissions and improve the cmselect/cmsctech/1454/145402.htm).
operationalize such a distinctive but places where we live and work. Anyone who
reasonable method for choice prediction wants to see these changes in their area can Dr Thijs Dekker was elected as a Regular
and understanding, including the welfare play a role by contacting their council to tell Board Member for the IATBR Executive
economics we desire for project and policy them about the briefings and ask what is Board, and Dr Charisma Choudhury is
evaluations”. being done locally to deliver a climate smart Secretary/Treasurer.
recovery from COVID-19. The briefings are
Thomas’s PhD thesis used the alternative openly accessible on the LGA website Dr Gillian Harrison was leader of the SP
format, based on six papers. This is the third (https://www.local.gov.uk/decarbonising- Programme Committee for the European
award Thomas has received for his work, transport): Transport Conference and assisted in
following on from the best PhD student planning for transition to online conference.
paper and most innovative application paper Decarbonising transport briefings
awarded at the International Choice • Getting carbon ambition right Dr Kate Pangbourne served as: a member of
Modelling Conference. Thomas’s PhD was • The role of buses the Scottish Parliamentary Cross-party
part of the ERC funded DECISIONS project • Accelerating the uptake of electric Sustainable Recovery Advisory Group; a
and since completing his PhD, he has vehicles Board member of ACT TravelWise and a
continued working at ITS as a postdoc in the • Climate smart parking policies panellist for The Swedish Research Council
DECISIONS and NEXUS projects. • The role of land use, localisation and Formas’ call on ‘Societal effects and
accessibility opportunities for transition after Covid-19’.
• Travelling less and the role of online
Influencing Transport Policy opportunities Visitors
The Local Government Association • Growing cycle use”
commissioned a team led by Professor Greg To help develop strategic partnerships for
Marsden and Professor Jillian Anable to Dr Ian Philips and Dr Llinos Brown education and research ITS hosted visits
develop policy briefings on reducing carbon presented to the All Party Parliamentary from: Dr Toshiya Hirose, Shibaura Institute
emissions from transport. Priorities for the Group of MPs for Cycling and Walking. The of Technology, Japan was hosted by
briefings were developed in collaboration webinar theme was ‘investing in cycling and Professor Richard Romano. Dr Hirose
with councillors and officers from 27 local walking to achieve net zero’. To an audience modelled pedestrian road crossing behaviour
authorities, at workshops which took place of 500 Ian presented work on e-bike using HIKER to help define requirements for
in London and Leeds in early 2020 before capability to contribute to transport automatic emergency braking in vehicles.
the COVID lockdown began. The briefings decarbonisation and Llinos presented on the
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www.its.leeds.ac.uk
Dr Yeonjung Song from Osaka University was
hosted by Professor Andrew Smith and
worked on rail cost and efficiency and
reforms modelling.
Prof Harun Al-Rasyid was hosted by Dr
Chandra Balijepalli as part of their ongoing
e-motorcycles research in Bandung,
Indonesia.
Virtuocity is now a well-established
simulation research facility. Dr Albert
Solernou Crusat and Professor Natasha
Merat gave tours of Virtuocity demonstrating
the driving, pedestrian (HIKER) and truck
simulators notably for MIT REAP, the
Human Drive Workshop and research
collaborators from Sheffield University.
Staff changes
In 2020 we celebrated the promotions of
Prof Simon Shepherd became Director of the Institute for Transport Studies in April 2020.
four staff. Gustav Markkula was promoted to
Professor of Applied Behaviour Modelling: Dr
Chandra Balijepalli and Dr Thijs Dekker were Leeds. Karen completed a term of office as in Sao Paulo, Brazil’; Peter Atkinson ‘Fitting
promoted to Associate Professor. Ann ITS Director of Research & Innovation, where the bike to the chain: An analysis of
Jopson, who is on a teaching and scholarship a key contribution was her leadership of the transitions towards households integration of
contract and has acted as our undergraduate very successful ‘themes’ initiative, and she multi-modal cycling’; Rafael Dos Reis
co-ordinator, also received a promotion. served as a Deputy Director of the Leeds ‘Acceptability and impacts of positive
Social Sciences Institute. We thank James incentives for sustainable mobility behaviour:
Leadership roles transitioned smoothly in and Karen for their significant contributions A segmentation approach in Curitiba, Brazil’;
2020 during the COVID lockdown thanks to to the Institute and the University of Leeds, Fangqing Song ‘Understanding mode choice
the competence of new in role: Professor and congratulate Karen on being appointed behaviour when new modes come into play’;
Simon Shepherd - Director of the Institute to a Chair at the University of Manchester. Cristhian Figueroa Martinez ‘The built
for Transport Studies, Dr Eva Heinen - environment and the experience of walking:
Director of Research and Innovation and Dr Postdoctoral Research Assistants and being a pedestrian in Santiago’s deprived
Phill Wheat - Deputy Director /Director for support staff who left at the end of their neighbourhoods’; Nur Ubaidillah
Staff Development. contracts were: Muhammad Adeel, Hannah ‘Determinants of car and motorcycle
Devine Wright, Jami Pekkanen, Jan ownership and use in Sarawak’; Tamás
New staff and leavers Broekaert, Jean-Christophe Thiebaud, Nádudvari ‘Implementation of finite mixture
Tamara Muroiwa, Chongfeng Wei and models for route choice estimation in large
We welcomed Dr Mahdi Rezaei (University Guillhermina Antas-Torrao. We wish them metro networks’ and Taufiq Nugroho
Academic Fellow), Richard Walker (on well in their ongoing careers. ‘Optimal urban goods movement planning
secondment from DfT) and 12 researchers: taking independent retailer restocking
Amir Kalantari, Aravinda Srinivasan, Chen
Peng, Dr Chris Rushton, Dr Ehsan Sadraei, PhD Awards activities into consideration’.
Dr Han Lin, Kadambari Lokesh, Dr Kristofer Thirteen postgraduate students celebrated
Odolinski, Dr Llinos Brown, Dr Thomas their PhD awards in 2020: Samuel Adjei Postgraduate Research
Haines-Doran, Dr Yi-Shin Lin and Yue Yang. Appiah ‘Understanding car ownership among Students
households in developing countries: A case
We bade farewell to two longstanding During 2020 we had 72 research students at
study of Accra, Ghana’; Anna Correa Pereira
academic members: Jeremy Shires was our ITS: Khaled Abdullah, Emmanuel
‘Investigation of the aerotropolis concept
surveys manager for many years, also he Acheampong, Samuel Adjei Appiah, Ilyas
definition and its transferability from the
co-ordinated hundreds of Masters Alhassan, Mahmoud Al-Khazaleh, Shaima
Global North to Brazil’; Evangelos
dissertations and industry-integrated student Almansoori, Maryam Alwari, Zihao An,
Paschalidis ‘Developing driving behaviour
projects. He was leader of the Economics Jeroen Bastiaanssen, Pinar Bilgin, Jawaher
models incorporating the effects of stress’;
and Appraisal research group before taking Binsuwadan, Isam Bitar, Martyna Bogacz,
Lap Kwan Jeff Tjiong ‘Impacts of survey
early retirement. Jake Bruce, Fanta Camara, Juan Castellanos-
design and model specification on
Vanegas, Jina Cheon, David Chikwendu,
willingness-to-pay estimates from discrete
Professor Karen Lucas is a world-leading Rafael Cirino-Goncalves, Christopher Cook,
choice models’; Anthony Ezenwa ‘Smart
expert in the area of transport-related social Edmond Daramy-Williams, Patrick
logistics diffusion strategies amongst supply
exclusion in the Global North and South. In Dichabeng, Lawrence Duncan, Umoh
chain networks in emerging markets: a case
2015, she won the Edward L. Ullman Award Edemeka, Ian Greenwood, MD Bashirul
of Nigeria’s micro/SMEs 3PLs’; Thiago
from the Association of American Haque, Probo Hardini, Thalia Hernandez-
Guimaraes Rodriques ‘Bridging the
Geographers, and in 2016, a Women of Amezcua, Lydia Hidayati, Yiming Hou,
accessibility gap to healthcare. The role of
Achievement Award from the University of Rashed Ishmaeel, Amir Kalantari, Rizal
urban transport for low-income communities
Kamaruddin, Naphat Ketphat, Salma Khuky,
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ITS Research Report 2020
Three alumni: Alvaro Guzman, Executive
Director at Agencia Nacional de Tránsito,
together with Allan Peñafiel Mera, Technical
Advisor and Adrian Ortega, National Director
of Qualifying Titles have changed public
transport planning in Ecuador, providing
access to transport for all. With the
presentation of the IRMOVA Plan, a
technical tool using Big Data the objective is
to correct inequities. “The objective of this
Plan is to promote the social, safe, inclusive
and equitable development of citizens
through the optimization of fleet use,
organization of routes, frequencies and stops
and modernization of the passenger
transport service.”
Alumni Alvaro Guzman, Allan Peñafiel Mera and Adrian Ortega are modernising the passenger transport
service in Ecuador to provide access for all.
Alexandros Kontotasios, Edward Lambert, international-alumni-seminar-series
Gengze Li, Shuwei Lin, Siyi Lin, Henry Lo, Alumna Rachel Skinner was inaugurated as
Wei Lyu (visiting), Davide Maggi, Tahera the 156th President of the Institution of Civil
Mayat, Ioanna Moscholidou, Haruko Nakao, Engineers (ICE). Rachel studied MSc in
Lamprini Papafoti, Chen Peng, Mickael Transport Planning and Engineering at ITS
Perrier, David Pierce, Vishnu Radhakrishnan, and graduated in 2001. In the two centuries
Kacper Rossa, Teekanya Rujinarong, Rosie of ICE’s history Rachel is its youngest and Alumnus Naville Geiriseb (picture above) was
Samuel, Mohammad Sarker, John Stuart, only the second female President. invited to present his Masters dissertation
Sidi Sun, Agung Surono, Ruifan Tang, Tianli research to the World Bank and the
Tang, Yvonne Taylor, Oguz Tengilimogul, Jack Rachel is spending her year in office Namibian government. His research on the
Thompson, Kai Tian, Panagiotis Tsoleridis, focusing on reaching the government’s “Evaluation of Alternative Financing Models
Athanasios Tzigieras, Alexandra Vitel, Sijin carbon net zero target for 2050. Rachel For Road Transport Infrastructure In
Wu, Yue Yang, Zhuoqian Yang, Khatun explained that civil engineering’s input is Namibia” was awarded the 2019 Frank Lai
Zannat and Chenzhao Zhai. essential to making this happen, calling Award for most impactful, innovating
engineers to “step up and step in to tackle Masters dissertation in the Institute for
In addition, ITS staff co-supervised 9 climate change. Our infrastructure is now, in Transport Studies. During his time at Leeds,
students based in other University of Leeds terms of our processes, the operations and Naville was also awarded the prestigious
schools: Sakarias Bank (Psychology), the way we do things, the number one driver Chevening scholarship and benefitted from
Catherine Graves and Lin Zhang (Earth & of carbon dioxide emissions across the world the ITS mentoring scheme. There was
Environment), Gyeonghwa Lee (Design), and those emissions are the cause of climate commitment from the World Bank and
Ahmed Alali and Nura Kabuga (Engineering), change. From civil engineers’ point of view Namibian transport sector institutions to use
Colin Caine, Caroline Tait and Eugeni this is a huge problem but is also a serious the catalyst of Naville’s work to hold
Vidal-Tortosa (Geography), opportunity for change and leadership.” discussions about sustainable financing for
road infrastructure in Namibia.
Alumnus Alastair Gordon has been appointed
Alumni Chairman of West and North Yorkshire Further Alumni news can be found on our
For the first time we offered an online Chamber of Commerce Transport Group. dedicated webpage: https://environment.
international alumni seminar series. In Alastair is a long standing member of our leeds.ac.uk/transport-alumni
response to the global pandemic we took the alumni and external partnership community,
opportunity to invite former students to give an active supporter of our Industrial
presentations from a range of industry Mentoring Scheme, Annual Employer Days,
experiences. Our guest speakers were Elena and our External Advisory Board. He has 23
Chiari, Galo Cardenas, Lucila Capelli, Karen years’ experience of delivering major
Gonzalez, Syed Abdul Rahman, Eugenia infrastructure schemes within urban centres
Rivas, Mojtaba Moharrer, Courtney and has worked on many of the region’s most
Groundwater. significant projects including Leeds Arena.
“This is a fantastic opportunity, and I’m
More details on our new online international excited to work with the group to further
seminar series can be found here, together explore how we can better connect our
with seminar recordings https://environment. communities and allow businesses, residents
leeds.ac.uk/transport-alumni/news/ and visitors to travel more easily and
article/5325/its-launches-2020- effectively.”
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www.its.leeds.ac.uk
RESEARCH
PROJECTS
During 2020 ITS secured five research
grants relating to COVID-19. The research is
described, among 66 of our current projects,
in the following pages. Our research is often
multidisciplinary and international. The
research is grouped under nine thematic
headings: Digital Futures, Energy, Transport
and Cities, Simulation, Automation, Rail,
Connected and Shared Mobility, Air Quality
and Health, Choice Modelling.
DIGITAL FUTURES
KARMA Alumna Rachael Skinner was inaugurated as president of the Institute of Civil Engineers – it’s youngest
and only the second female president.
Grant holder: Professor Susan Grant-Muller
Investigators: Dr Gillian Harrison, Frances Early findings were presented in January and
Hodgson
Funded by: Alan Turing Institute Fellowship
February 2020 by Prof. Grant-Muller at the Micromobility Behavior
Maurice Bloch seminar (University of
Dates: October 2018 - May 2022 Glasgow) and to the joint UITP/European Grant holder: Professor Susan Grant-Muller
Website: KARMA / https://tinyurl.com/ Committee of the Regions annual event. Funded by: NUMO & WRI
yy9cjwnj Dates: January to December 2020
Coordinating partner: NUMO
Abstract: KARMA aims to create a step Collaborative partners: Dr Charalampos
change in understanding the cross-sectoral RAPHTORY (Babis) Saridakis, Leeds University Business
impacts of transport schemes by advanced School, UCDavis (USA), USA city and
Grant holders: Dr Felix Cuadrado, Dr Richard industry partners
analytics of next generation transport and
Clegg, Dept of Elec Eng and Computer
other urban data (e.g. phone location
Science, Queen Mary University London Abstract: In this study we consider
signals, sensor data and more). The project
Investigators: Professor Susan Grant-Muller, e-scooters as a type of micromobility and the
objectives are to: Create new databases and
Frances Hodgson associated challenges as a relatively new
model interfaces, with interoperability
Funded by: Alan Turing Institute/ Queen mode - travel choices available, governance
between ‘next-generation’ data, traditional
Mary University (QMUL) of the transport sector, data collection,
data and mathematical models; Enhance
Dates: December 2019 to March 2021 access and utilisation. There is a need to
existing mathematical models of transport-
Coordinating partner: QMUL improve understanding of the various
energy, transport-health, transport-security
Website: RAPHTORY / https://tinyurl.com/ population segments that currently engage
and transport-safety impacts, building new
sp5sd8yw with this new mode or have a propensity to
models to fill research gaps; Explore the
cross-sectoral implications of existing and do so in future. This study is a first stage
Abstract: Dynamic graphs allow for studying towards a longer research programme,
new initiatives (such as the use of positive
of how relationships form and change over involving questions on how to apply
incentives, rewards and gamification) in
time. Although they have many applications, appropriate marketing methods to different
travel choice; Improve the asset base
there are no readily available tools and population segments. A survey of users has
(ecosystems and platforms) that support
systems enabling their application. Raphtory been developed based on established
increased analysis and use of new digital
is a new distributed system that enables behavioural modes, with data collection due
mobility data, so that improved policies and
dynamic graph analysis starting from very to take place in four USA cities and one UK
initiatives can be developed and
large real-time datasets. This project will city. Survey data will be analysed alongside
implemented (e.g ethical frameworks,
improve the functionality and usability of e-scooter trip patterns and energy
digital innovation, impact visualisation,
Raphtory so that it can be readily usable by implications estimated.
business models).
domain-specific researchers. The project will
develop a set of use cases for dynamic
Impact: A new system dynamics model of
graphs, starting with urban analytics for
Transport-Health interactions, capturing the
mobility incentives.
role of New Data, has been developed. This
involved the use of a novel on-line tool to
engage the expertise of stakeholders from
the Transport, Health and New Data
communities.
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ITS Research Report 2020
Mattioli G, Philips I, Anable J, Chatterton T
(2019) Vulnerability to motor fuel price
increases: Socio-spatial patterns in England,
Journal of Transport Geography Volume 78,
Pages 98-114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jtrangeo.2019.05.009
Transport Climate Emergency
Grant holder: Professor Greg Marsden
Investigators: Professor Jillian Anable,
Kadambari Lokesh, Dr Morgan Campbell,
Richard Walker
Funded by: Local Government Association;
CREDS and DecarboN8
Co-ordinating partner: University of Leeds
Dates: December 2019 to November 2020
Website: https://www.local.gov.uk/
decarbonising-transport
Dr Ian Philips investigated the use of e-bikes during the COVID pandemic to gain insights on green Abstract: This project worked with local
transport and tourism recovery in car dependent rural areas. government stakeholders to create seven
policy briefings and webinars which were top
This fellowship developed collaborations provide advice to local authorities. The
ENERGY with a number of private and public sector
organisations. We examined
question was “So, you have declared a
climate emergency, what now?” The briefing
decarbonisation questions relating to notes covered how to understand carbon
several NMS using spatial analysis and budgeting and target setting to get ambition
geographic data science to provide insights right and then a series of advice notes
Accelerating Innovation in for policy stakeholders. developed around the framework of ‘Avoid/
Shift/ Improve’. These included cycling,
New Mobility Services Impact: Examples of projects carried out buses, parking policy, travelling less, planning
Grant holder: Dr Ian Philips as part of the fellowship include: (1) and encouraging the uptake of electric
Funded by: ESRC Fellowship Simulation and mapping of the carbon vehicles.
Dates: January 2018 to January 2021 reduction capability of e-bikes (in
Coordinating partner: UKERC collaboration with CREDS) This project Impact: Over 1000 local government
Collaborating partners: CREDS, TfGM, received significant attention from media stakeholders registered for the webinars and
Enterprise Car Club, LIDA and policy makers including presentations 2000 downloads of the reports have been
Website: https://environment.leeds.ac.uk/ to the DfT and the All Party Parliamentary recorded
transport/staff/972/dr-ian-philips Group on Cycling and Walking. The work
has been referenced in policy documents. Papers: See website to download
Abstract: The media frequently carries news (2) Another project was a collaboration and
stories on innovations in cleaner transport data sharing agreement with Enterprise Car
technologies (particularly electric vehicles) Club. We supervised a data science
and visions for how people will travel in the internship at the Leeds Institute for Data DecarboN8
future. These visions are dominated by new Analytics (LIDA) and built an evidence Grant holder: Professor Greg Marsden
mobility services (NMS). They include base around the decarbonisation potential Investigator: Kadambari Lokesh
sharing schemes for cars, bikes and taxis. of Car Clubs. To further develop this Funded by: EPSRC
All are based on Information and collaboration, we have secured funding for Coordinating partner: University of Leeds
Communications Technology (ICT) such as a PhD through the ESRC Data Science and Collaborative partners: University of
smartphones and apps connecting with Society Doctoral Training Centre. (3) Manchester, University of Liverpool,
‘smart’ vehicles and infrastructure and the Working with local businesses, we are Newcastle University, University of Sheffield,
use of ‘big data’. NMS could dramatically currently investigating the use of e-bikes in Durham University, Lancaster University,
reduce energy demand from personal the Lake District during the COVID University of York, Connected Places Catapult
transport but there is also a risk of the pandemic to gain insights on green Dates: September 2019 to August 2022
familiar story that new products are energy transport and tourism recovery in car Website: https://decarbon8.org.uk/
efficient, and thus sustainable, whereas in dependent rural areas.
fact they have negative social and Abstract: The DecarboN8 network brings
environmental impacts. The project provides Outputs: Philips I, Walmsley A, Anable J together researchers, industry and government
small area insights of the extent to which (2020) A Scoping Indicator Identifying to design solutions which can be deployed
local populations can benefit from either Potential Impacts of All-Inclusive MaaS rapidly and at scale. We are developing
NMS or other interventions whilst Taxis on Other Modes in Manchester, answers to questions such as: How can
simultaneously reducing total car usage and Transport Findings https://doi. different places be rapidly switched to
reducing transport energy demand. org/10.32866/001c.11524 electromobility for personal travel? How do
decisions on the private fleet interact with the
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www.its.leeds.ac.uk
quite different decarbonisation strategies for
heavy vehicles? What is the right balance
between infrastructure expansion, intelligent
system management and demand
management? Will the embodied carbon
emissions of major new infrastructure offset
gains from improved flows and could these be
delivered in other ways?
The answer to these questions is unlikely to
the same everywhere in the UK and
DecarboN8 pays attention to where the
answers might be different and why, to
develop an innovative place-based approach
to decarbonisation. We pay attention to the
major societal implications of any of the
changes proposed and we work with diverse
sectors and communities to deliver solutions
which share the decarbonisation challenge
fairly. Round one of the flexible funding has
supported work on topics as diverse as
E-cargo bikes, community planning, freight
STEP – surveying users’ responses to Trojan Energy’s Electric Vehicle charging technology
fleets and the deployment of emergency
active travel roadspace reallocation measures.
Impact: DecarboN8 was a key contributor to
the development of the Place-based theme in
UK Centre for Research on Electricity SATNAV
the forthcoming DfT Transport Energy Demand Solutions Grant holder: Professor Jillian Anable
Investigators: Dr Noel Cass
Decarbonisation Plan and has been involved (UK-CREDS) Funded by: EPSRC
in the development of decarbonisation
strategies for Transport for the North and Grant holder: Professor Jillian Anable Dates: September 2017 to February 2020
Leeds City Council. Investigators: Professor Greg Marsden, Dr Coordinating partner: Aston University
Zia Wadud, Dr Anthony Whiteing, Dr Collaborative partners: University of
Papers: https://decarbon8.org.uk/publications/ Muhammad Adeel; Professor Karen Lucas, Southampton
Dr Robin Lovelace, Dr Sally Cairns, Dr
Malcolm Morgan, Dr Caroline Mullen, Dr Abstract: The overall aim of this project was
Noel Cass, Dr Tom Haines-Doran to design a real-time system to enable
Cut Carbon Network Funded by: EPSRC flexible electric vehicle charging/discharging
Grant holder: Professor Greg Marsden Dates: April 2018 to March 2023 from/to individual household or commercial
Funded by: EPSRC Coordinating partner: University of Oxford renewable electricity resources. Qualitative
Coordinating partner: University of Leeds Collaborative partners: University of Leeds research investigated the acceptability of
Dates: September 2019 to August 2023 (School of Earth and Environment), peer-to-peer sharing of electricity supply and
Website: https://cutcarbon.org.uk/ University of Reading, University of Sussex, vehicle charging and the associated business
University College London, University of models.
Abstract: Cut Carbon is a £5m investment in Lancaster
decarbonising transport. Five Decarbonising Website: www.creds.ac.uk
Transport Networks have been funded to
bring together expertise from across Abstract: A £19m consortium of 9 academic STEP (Electric Vehicle
academia and industry to lay the groundwork institutions, CREDS was established with a
vision to make the UK a leader in
Charging)
for the use of low carbon technologies across
understanding the changes in energy Grant holder: Professor Jillian Anable
road, rail, marine and air networks. Each
demand needed for the transition to a Investigators: Dr Noel Cass
network has its own specialist focus area
secure and affordable low-carbon energy Funded by: Innovate UK
such as examining commercial flights using
system. At ITS Leeds we are leading the Coordinating partner: Element Energy
electric airplanes, smart vehicle to grid
Transport and Mobility research strand (there Collaborative partners: IBI (data managers),
connectivity challenges and decarbonising
are six strands within the Centre). The Trojan Energy (EV charging technology
freight transport. The Cut Carbon initiative
transport theme explores where transport developers), Octopus Energy (billing and
acts as a one stop shop for finding out about
energy demands are highest; the constraints back office), Brent and Camden Borough
events, funding calls and key network
and opportunities for transport flexibility; Councils (technology ‘hosts’), UK Power
deliverables across all of the networks,
and how to accelerate carbon and energy Networks (electricity infrastructure partners)
recognising the need for a whole system
reduction policies. This theme builds on the and University of Leeds (consumer and
approach to rapid decarbonisation. It will
Commission on Travel Demand knowledge attitude research).
share syntheses of the latest decarbonisation
exchange activity initiated by the DEMAND Dates: December 2019 to December 2021,
solutions. The network will help connect
project (see Annual Research Report 2018). with possibility of extending to March 2022
industry, government and academia to the
due to COVID-related manufacturing delays.
in-depth studies being conducted within in
Website: https://www.trojanenergyltd.com/step
each of the networks.
-9-
ITS Research Report 2020
streets are experienced as exclusionary in
several countries across the world and by
whom; how effectively law is used to
challenge such exclusion in these countries;
and how the problem is perceived and
politically challenged. It also aims to foster
shared concern about this form of exclusion,
and to raise awareness of how law can be
used to challenge it.
SPARC-IIT Kharagpur
Grant holder: Dr Charisma Choudhury
Investigators: Dr Zia Wadud
Funded by: Ministry of HR Development India
Dates: March 2019 to March 2021
Coordinating partner: IIT Kharagpur
Collaborating partners: Dr Arkopal Goswami,
IIT Kharagpur
Website: SPARC-Kharagpur / https://tinyurl.
com/1roh81pk
Ridehailing services in India - the subject of Dr Choudhury’s SPARC Kharagpur research.
Abstract: Ride-hailing and ride-sharing
Abstract: STEP stands for Subsurface countries as well. The project will enable services, as primarily offered by Ola & Uber
Technology for Electric Pathways. It is a trial comparison of Trojan’s technology with in India, have been on the rise. The research
installation of Trojan Energy’s Electric Vehicle other chargers, with particular focus on the investigates the impact of such disruptive
charging technology. The trial is funded by materiality of low carbon technologies, its transport services on urban travel demand
the Office for Zero Emission Vehicles (OZEV) impact on users and the justice implications and resulting vehicular emissions. The study
which is an organisation working across of access to low carbon technologies, to is a first of its kind, independent research,
several government departments to support streets, pavements and public space. being conducted in India. The study’s
deployment of ultra-low emission vehicles relevance is from the point of view of
(ULEVs). The project is delivered through managing a multimodal urban transport
Innovate UK, part of UK Research and network and subsequently providing
Innovation (UKRI) – the Government backed TRANSPORT seamless access to its users.
national funding agency investing in science
and research in the UK. The trial will deploy AND CITIES Objectives include: Identifying factors
150-200 EV chargers which are flush to the affecting users’ choice of ride-hailing and
pavement, and accessed using a lance and ride-sharing transport services (e.g. Uber,
cable available to trial participants. The Ola, Uber Pool, etc.) in India; Developing
technology is designed to mitigate previously- methodology to combine traditional and big
identified issues with on-street EV charging
Inclusive Public Space data for calibration of demand models for
technologies, such as trailing cables and Grant holder: Professor Anna Lawson (School ride-hailing and ride-sharing services;
on-street clutter, which can cause problems of Law) Predicting demand of ride-hailing and
for other users of the pavement, such as Investigators: Professor Richard Romano, Dr ride-sharing services in different planning
pram/pushchair and wheelchair users, or the Ehsan Sadraei and policy contexts (including COVID-19);
partially sighted and blind. The research Funded by: EU Quantifying energy and air-quality impacts
involves before-and-after surveying on three Dates: October 2020 to September 2021 of ride-hailing and ride-sharing services.
categories of research participants: Observers Coordinating partner: N/A
(who may or may not be drivers or EV users), Collaborating partners: N/A Outputs:
Prospective and Current EV drivers. These Website: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/ 1. Special session on Ride-hailing and
participants will be surveyed on their rcn/216509/factsheet/en Ride-sharing at the 5th Annual Conference
attitudes and opinions on EVs and current of the Transport Research Group of India,
EV charging infrastructure, street amenity, Abstract: This project considers the Bhopal which was attended by 50 faculty
and parking, and where appropriate, about accessibility of public space – focusing on members, early career researchers and
their current EV driving and charging pedestrian access to streets. It explores law’s scholars from different Indian Universities
behaviours. In addition ‘consumer research’ engagement with the exclusion which occurs as well as representatives of several
questions about the charging technology are when streets are designed, operated or government agencies.
included for EV drivers. managed so as to deny access to pedestrians 2. Bhaduri E, BS M, Wadud Z, Goswami A
whose bodies, minds or life circumstances and Choudhury C (2020) Modelling the
Impact: The project is developing do not ‘fit’. Such exclusion is damaging both effects of COVID-19 on travel mode
commercialisation plans that will target to individuals and communities. With a view choice behaviour in India, Transportation
local authorities in the UK in the first to understanding how states and the EU can Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives,
instance, as the ‘owners’ of the streets more effectively ensure that public space is V8, Special Issue on COVID-19. https://
where the technology will be deployed. inclusive, the project aims to deepen www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/
There has been interest from other understanding of what physical features of pii/S2590198220301846
-10-www.its.leeds.ac.uk
3. Goswami A and Choudhury C (2020)
Initial findings on effects of COVID-19 on
mode choice behaviour in India, paper
presented at the UKEIRI Webinar on
Smart Cities and Transport.
4. Goswami A and Choudhury C (2020)
Developing an integrated land use -
transport - emissions model utilising
emerging big data sources for quantifying
the energy and environmental impacts of
ridesharing services, SPARC-UKIERI
Webinar, June 2020 (View Recording)
Under Reform
Grant holder: Professor Greg Marsden
Investigator: Morgan Campbell
Funded by: ESRC
Dates: May 2018 to May 2020
Coordinating partner: University of Leeds
Collaborative partners: University of Under Reform led by Prof Greg Marsden aims to develop cutting edge insights into how reforming
Birmingham, School of Planning and transport governance works, and how best to generate more sustainable transport systems in Indian cities.
Architecture Delhi, Indian Institute of
Science Bangalore, World Resources Outputs: Under Reform Co-Investigator while limiting its downsides. The project
Institute India Louise Reardon presented on initial findings aims to offer innovations in the design of
Website: https://underreform.org/ from the project at the International Public new services and policies in urban transport,
Policy Association’s 4th International with a focus tradable credits schemes,
Abstract: Under Reform aims to develop Conference on Public Policy (ICPP4). automated vehicles, electric driving, ride
cutting edge insights into how reforming underreform.org sharing, car sharing, and cycling. The
transport governance works, and how best to project studies short-run behavioural
generate more sustainable transport systems Impact: A major stakeholder workshop impacts through real-life experimental
in Indian cities. In 2015 the Indian national launched the implications report in Delhi in studies in both China and Europe, and
government launched the Smart Cities March 2020. A capacity building summer long-run implications through advanced
Mission, aiming to reform transport school was run from IISc Bangalore in March urban transport modelling approaches. The
governance more effectively than had been 2020 raising the profile of urban governance project began in earnest with a kick-off
managed at individual city level. The project as a critical skills gap and research need. meeting in Beijing alongside the 7th
research will analyse previous and planned International Conference on Transportation
reforms in four of India’s designated smart and Space-time Economics in October
cities, considering their impact on the 2019. Our work has so far concentrated on
prosperity and the quality of life of citizens. Urban Public Administration governance issues and the initial
The aim is to move beyond simply identifying and Services (U-PASS) development of a MARS model for Beijing
problems, rather developing an along with how to represent tradeable
understanding of how to overcome them. The Grant holder: Professor Simon Shepherd permits and bike share schemes within that
key themes from the project around Investigators: Dr Caroline Mullen, Dr model. Initial results have been presented
central-state-local relationships, the use of Chandra Balijepalli, Professor Susan via webinar to the JRC.
Special Purpose Vehicles for governance Grant-Muller; Dr Gillian Harrison
reform and the role of smart experimentation Funded by: ESRC
are now at the final stage of write up for Dates: March 2019 - February 2022
publication. Practical implications have been Coordinating partner: Vrije Universiteit ELVITEN
developed in partnership with WRI India and Amsterdam
Collaborative partners: Beijing Jiaotong Grant holder: Dr Haibo Chen
taken to various stakeholder workshops just Investigators: Dr Kaushali Dave, Dr Jo-Ann
prior to the pandemic lockdown. The University, Zhejiang University, Beijing
Transport Institute. Pattinson, Dr Junyan Chen, Dr Jianbing
emphasis of the findings has been on Gao, Dr Ye Liu, Professor David Watling
longer-term themes of urban governance in Website: sbe.vu.nl/nl/afdelingen-en-
instituten/spatial-economics/research/ Funded by: EU H2020
India rather than what specifically will Dates: November 2017 to October 2020
happen next with the Smart Cities Mission. projects/u-pass/index.aspx
Collaborative partners: 21 partners in
This seems particularly important given the industry and academia (see website for
impacts of the pandemic on policy priorities Abstract: U-PASS stands for Urban Public
Administration and ServiceS - innovation for details)
and the difficulties of delivering coherent Website: www.elviten-project.eu
reform programmes. Innovative Urban Mobility Management and
Policy. Motivated by the world-wide shared
desire and need for more efficient, reliable Abstract: Electrified L-category Vehicles
Papers: Integrated into Transport and Electricity
https://underreform.org/category/outputs/ and environmentally sustainable urban
transport, the U-PASS project investigates Networks (ELVITEN) aims to boost the
how to improve the benefits of transport, usage of electrified bicycles, scooters,
tricycles and quadricycles (EL-Vs) in the
-11-ITS Research Report 2020
Abstract: PCT is a planning support system
to improve cycling provision at many levels
from regions to specific points on the road
network. For further information on the
thinking underlying the tool’s design, and
the methodology used to create it, please
follow links in the PCT website.
Impact: PCT’s Rapid Cycleway Prioritisation
Tool has been used by many Local
Authorities to inform their infrastructure
investment (supported by a £250m Active
Travel Fund from the Government) and
planning to encourage cycling during the
COVID-19 pandemic. PCT is now in phase 3
and has generated many spin off projects
funded, among others, by Local Authorities,
Welsh Government, Sustrans and the
Norwegian Research Centre.
Outputs: Lovelace R, Talbot J, Morgan M
and M Lucas Smith (2020) Methods to
Investment in cycling infrastructure has many benefits. Knowing where to invest is helped by the Cycle
Prioritise Pop-up Active Transport
Prioritisation Toolkit used by many Local Authorities. Photo courtesy of Robin Lovelace.
Infrastructure. Transport Findings https://doi.
urban environment and ultimately to ambitious targets for active transport, as org/10.32866/001c.13421
achieve a mind-shift among users by outlined in the Cycling and Walking
providing them with a better EL-V Investment Strategy (CWIS). Notably, the
experience. This will be achieved by Government aims to double cycling whilst
designing and offering replicable usage simultaneously reducing the number of ACTON
schemes, consisting of support services, people killed or seriously injured. Much Grant holder: Dr Robin Lovelace
ICT tools and policies. EL-Vs are being research funded in support of the CWIS, Investigators: Dr Joey Talbot
tested in Genoa, Rome, Bari, Malaga, such as the Propensity to Cycle Tool (see Funded by: Strategic Priorities Fund –
Berlin and Trikala. The project has three below) has focussed on boosting walking University of Leeds
principal objectives: First, to make users and cycling levels, with relatively little Dates: December 2019 to March 2020
more familiar and facilitate them to use attention paid to safety, despite the fact Website: https://cyipt.github.io/acton/
EL-Vs instead of conventional vehicles for that cycling and walking casualties have
their private transport and for light urban not fallen since the CWIS baseline year of Abstract: ACTON aims to provide evidence
deliveries. Second, to collect rich 2013. Using data science, this project for local authorities, developers and civil
information sets made of real usage data, aims to discover which road safety society groups to support planning and
traces from dedicated ICT tools, and users’ measures work best to protect pedestrians investment in sustainable transport
opinions after real trips. Third it will and cyclists. infrastructure in and around new
generate detailed guidelines and business developments. The award-winning
models for service providers, planning Impact: Reproducible code that accesses, Propensity to Cycle Tool is influencing
authorities and manufacturers in order to cleans and stores intervention data will be strategic cycle network plans of Local
make EL-Vs more attractive and integrated published in an R package, with the Authorities ensuring that sustainable
in the transport and electricity networks. working title of trafficcalmr. This will lead to transport investment is spent effectively.
a step-change in knowledge on how to However, a limitation of the tool is that it is
access and process historic road calming based on data that is becoming increasingly
intervention data, filling an important gap in out-of-date. This project will extend the PCT,
Safer Roads Map current knowledge, and providing a robust and accelerate the positive impact it is
Grant holder: Dr Robin Lovelace evidence base on which future interventions having by integrating new developments into
Investigators: Dr Malcolm Morgan, Dr Joey can be prioritised and monitored. estimates of cycling potential.To make the
Talbot, Dr Layik Hama (Leeds Institute for results of the research more reproducible
Data Analytics, Dr Roger Beecham (School and accessible to others, we have also
of Geography), Caroline Tait created an R package, which is described on
Funded by: DfT
Propensity to Cycle Tool (PCT) the project website.
Coordinating partner: DfT Grant holder: Dr Robin Lovelace
Collaborative partners: RAC Foundation Investigators: Dr Malcolm Morgan, Dr Joey Impact: Received follow-on funding for a
Dates: April 2020 to October 2021 Talbot project called ActDev
Funded by: DfT/ Luton Borough Council/
Abstract: Active transport can tackle some Welsh Government
of the most pressing issues of the 21st Coordinating partner: University of
century, including air pollution, the obesity Cambridge
epidemic, and transport-related social Collaborative partners: CycleStreets.net
exclusion. Recognising these wide-ranging Dates: November 2017 to October 2020
benefits, the UK Government has Website: www.pct.bike
-12-www.its.leeds.ac.uk
Green & Blue Infrastructure
Grant holder: Dr Thijs Dekker
Investigator: Dr Manuel Ojeda-Cabral
Funded by: iCASP
Dates: July 2019 to March 2020
Abstract: It’s difficult for practitioners to
develop successful business cases for
Green (parks and green spaces) and Blue
(drainage/run off) Infrastructure (GBI). The
project has evaluated the appraisal
guidance for GBI as provided by the Green
Book and the recently developed ENCA
guidance by DEFRA alongside a range of
tools for assessing the value of GBI
investments. Stakeholders involved in the
project include WYCA, Leeds City Council
and Kirklees Council.
Outputs: Tools review report
Photo courtesy of Robin Lovelace.
Transport Infrastructure at ITS provide state of the art benchmarking
Efficiency Strategy (TIES)
analysis for the Network. Different from Soundscape Valuation
traditional methods we benchmark the cost
of carriageway maintenance in local Grant holder: Dr Like Jiang
Grant holder: Dr Phill Wheat
authority area on a like for like basis. Investigators: Dr John Nellthorp
Investigators: Professor Andrew Smith, Dr
Funded by: ESRC IAA & Defra
Alex Stead
Impact: This project was awarded an Dates: February 2020 to February 2021
Funded by: Innovate UK
EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account Collaborating partner: UCL, Defra
Dates: April 2015 to March 2022
Collaborating partners: 30 partners spanning which supports knowledge exchange and
the delivery of impact from EPSRC funded Abstract: The growing field of soundscape
a range of Government departments,
research. CQC is referenced in the DfT’s research has shown that noise-based
Network Rail, Local Authorities, private
Incentive Fund Self-Assessment Process measurements alone do not reflect the sound
sector construction, large infrastructure
and contributes to the case for local environment quality as experienced by people,
managers and academics.
authorities receiving enhanced incentive especially in public urban spaces where the
funding. Collaboration with the network sound environments are usually more complex
Abstract: Our role in this project is to
was funded for a further three years. with both positive and negative sounds.
support the Government Strategy on
However, cost benefit analysis in sound
Infrastructure Efficiency and good
environment decision-making remains noise
environmental management. We are piloting
based. The limitations are that; only impacts
systematic work to understand how to
improve the performance of major HE Social Impacts 2 of noise are considered whereas positive
contributions of wanted sounds are omitted;
infrastructure projects, such as HS2 and Grant holder: Dr John Nellthorp limited receiver types are covered, in most
Crossrail, by identifying factors that lead to Investigators: Professor Richard Batley, cases only receptors in residential properties.
cost efficiencies. A key aspect is Professor Karen Lucas, Dr Eva Heinen, Dr
collaboration across multiple disciplines. Like Jiang, Dr Han Lin The project applies knowledge and methods
Instead of organisations working in silos, Funded by: Highways England developed in our noise valuation and
information will be shared. Dates: November 2019 to May 2020 soundscape evaluation research, to develop a
framework for valuing soundscape in public
Abstract: What effect do Highways England urban spaces, engaging stakeholders from
(HE) schemes have on society? In particular,
CQC Efficiency Network by-pass schemes which remove substantial
policy sectors, academia and citizens,
through a series of workshops.
Grant holder: Dr Phill Wheat amounts of through traffic from built-up areas.
Investigators: Dr Alex Stead Impact: Our framework will help shape new
Funded by: Local Authorities Impact: The ITS research team evaluated national methodology of noise valuation
Dates: April 2015 to March 2022 the current methodology and provided integrating a soundscape approach and will
Coordinating partner: measure2improve recommendations on how the HE guidance achieve more holistic cost benefit analysis for
Website: www.nhtnetwork.org can be updated. The final report covered five sound environment decision-making.
impact questions: Journey Quality; Physical
Abstract: The CQC Efficiency Network Activity; Access to Services; Security and Outputs: Jiang L & Nellthorp J (2020)
measures efficiency, evaluates the likely Cumulative Social Impacts. Valuing transport noise impacts in public
impact of changes to practice and process, urban spaces in the UK: Gaps, opportunities
and provides a stimulus to realizing and challenges. Applied Acoustics, 166:
efficiency savings in road maintenance. We 107376.
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