Managing menopausal symptoms - NICE Pathways
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Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways bring together everything NICE says on a topic in an interactive flowchart. NICE Pathways are interactive and designed to be used online. They are updated regularly as new NICE guidance is published. To view the latest version of this NICE Pathway see: http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/menopause NICE Pathway last updated: 19 June 2018 This document contains a single flowchart and uses numbering to link the boxes to the associated recommendations. Menopause Page 1 of 11 © NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.
Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways Menopause Page 2 of 11 © NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.
Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways
1 Woman with menopausal symptoms
These recommendations are not intended for women with premature ovarian insufficiency (refer
to diagnosing and managing premature ovarian insufficiency).
2 Women with or at high risk of breast cancer
For advice on the treatment of menopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer or at high
risk of breast cancer, see complications of local treatments and menopausal symptoms in early
and locally advanced breast cancer and general advice on risk reduction in familial breast
cancer.
Offer menopausal women with, or at high risk of, breast cancer:
information on all available treatment options
information that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine and fluoxetine should
not be offered to women with breast cancer who are taking tamoxifen
referral to a healthcare professional with expertise in menopause.
Advise women with a history of, or at high risk of, breast cancer that, although there is some
evidence that St John's wort may be of benefit in the relief of vasomotor symptoms, there is
uncertainty about:
appropriate doses
persistence of effect
variation in the nature and potency of preparations
potential serious interactions with other drugs (including tamoxifen, anticoagulants and
anticonvulsants).
3 Women with type 2 diabetes
Ensure that women with type 2 diabetes and all healthcare professionals involved in their care
are aware that HRT is not generally associated with an adverse effect on blood glucose control.
Consider HRT for menopausal symptoms in women with type 2 diabetes after taking
comorbidities into account and seeking specialist advice if needed.
See what NICE says on type 2 diabetes in adults.
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© NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways
4 Principles of care
Adapt a woman's treatment as needed, based on her changing symptoms.
Complementary therapies and unregulated preparations
Explain to women that the efficacy and safety of unregulated compounded bioidentical
hormones are unknown.
Explain to women who wish to try complementary therapies that the quality, purity and
constituents of products may be unknown.
5 Vasomotor symptoms
Offer women HRT for vasomotor symptoms after discussing with them the short-term (up to 5
years) and longer-term benefits and risks. Offer a choice of preparations as follows:
oestrogen and progestogen to women with a uterus
oestrogen alone to women without a uterus.
Do not routinely offer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors or clonidine as first-line treatment for vasomotor symptoms alone.
Explain to women that there is some evidence that isoflavones or black cohosh may relieve
vasomotor symptoms. However, explain that:
multiple preparations are available and their safety is uncertain
different preparations may vary
interactions with other medicines have been reported.
NICE has published an evidence summary on oestrogen deficiency symptoms in
postmenopausal women: conjugated oestrogens and bazedoxifene acetate.
Starting and stopping hormone replacement therapy
Explain to women with a uterus that unscheduled vaginal bleeding is a common side effect of
HRT within the first 3 months of treatment but should be reported at the 3-month review
appointment, or promptly if it occurs after the first 3 months (see what NICE says on
endometrial cancer in suspected cancer recognition and referral).
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© NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways
Offer women who are stopping HRT a choice of gradually reducing or immediately stopping
treatment.
Explain to women that:
gradually reducing HRT may limit recurrence of symptoms in the short term
gradually reducing or immediately stopping HRT makes no difference to their symptoms in
the longer term.
6 Psychological symptoms
Consider HRT to alleviate low mood that arises as a result of the menopause.
Consider cognitive behavioural therapy to alleviate low mood and anxiety that arise as a result
of the menopause.
Ensure that menopausal women and healthcare professionals involved in their care understand
that there is no clear evidence for serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin and norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors to ease low mood in menopausal women who have not been diagnosed with
depression (see NICE's recommendations on care for adults with depression).
Starting and stopping hormone replacement therapy
Explain to women with a uterus that unscheduled vaginal bleeding is a common side effect of
HRT within the first 3 months of treatment but should be reported at the 3-month review
appointment, or promptly if it occurs after the first 3 months (see what NICE says on
endometrial cancer in suspected cancer recognition and referral).
Offer women who are stopping HRT a choice of gradually reducing or immediately stopping
treatment.
Explain to women that:
gradually reducing HRT may limit recurrence of symptoms in the short term
gradually reducing or immediately stopping HRT makes no difference to their symptoms in
the longer term.
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© NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways
7 Altered sexual function
Consider testosterone1 supplementation for menopausal women with low sexual desire if HRT
alone is not effective.
Starting and stopping hormone replacement therapy
Explain to women with a uterus that unscheduled vaginal bleeding is a common side effect of
HRT within the first 3 months of treatment but should be reported at the 3-month review
appointment, or promptly if it occurs after the first 3 months (see what NICE says on
endometrial cancer in suspected cancer recognition and referral).
Offer women who are stopping HRT a choice of gradually reducing or immediately stopping
treatment.
Explain to women that:
gradually reducing HRT may limit recurrence of symptoms in the short term
gradually reducing or immediately stopping HRT makes no difference to their symptoms in
the longer term.
8 Urogenital atrophy
Offer vaginal oestrogen to women with urogenital atrophy (including those on systemic HRT)
and continue treatment for as long as needed to relieve symptoms.
Consider vaginal oestrogen for women with urogenital atrophy in whom systemic HRT is
contraindicated, after seeking advice from a healthcare professional with expertise in
menopause.
If vaginal oestrogen does not relieve symptoms of urogenital atrophy, consider increasing the
dose after seeking advice from a healthcare professional with expertise in menopause.
Explain to women with urogenital atrophy that:
symptoms often come back when treatment is stopped
adverse effects from vaginal oestrogen are very rare
they should report unscheduled vaginal bleeding to their GP.
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© NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways
Advise women with vaginal dryness that moisturisers and lubricants can be used alone or in
addition to vaginal oestrogen.
Do not offer routine monitoring of endometrial thickness during treatment for urogenital atrophy.
9 Benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy
See Menopause / Benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy
10 Review and referral
See menopause/menopause overview /review and referral
1
At the time of publication (November 2015), testosterone did not have a UK marketing authorisation for this
indication in women. The prescriber should follow relevant professional guidance, taking full responsibility for the
decision. Informed consent should be obtained and documented. See the General Medical Council's Prescribing
guidance: prescribing unlicensed medicines for further information.
Menopause Page 7 of 11
© NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways Glossary Compounded bioidentical hormones unregulated plant-derived hormonal combinations similar or identical to human hormones that are compounded by pharmacies to the specification of the prescriber Fragility fracture fractures that result from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily result in fracture (such as a fall from a standing height or less). Reduced bone density is a major risk factor for fragility fractures, which occur most commonly in the spine, hip and wrist HRT hormone replacement therapy Low mood mild depression symptoms that impair quality of life but are usually intermittent and often associated with hormonal fluctuations in perimenopause Menopause a biological stage in a woman's life that occurs when she stops menstruating and reaches the end of her natural reproductive life. Usually it is defined as having occurred when a woman has not had a period for 12 consecutive months (for women reaching menopause naturally). The changes associated with menopause occur when the ovaries stop maturing eggs and secreting oestrogen and progesterone Perimenopause the time in which a woman has irregular cycles of ovulation and menstruation leading up to menopause and continuing until 12 months after her final period (also known as menopausal transition or climacteric) Premature ovarian insufficiency menopause occurring before the age of 40 years (also known as premature ovarian failure or premature menopause). It can occur naturally or as a result of medical or surgical treatment Menopause Page 8 of 11 © NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.
Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways Urogenital atrophy thinning and shrinking of the tissues of the vulva, vagina, urethra and bladder caused by oestrogen deficiency. This results in multiple symptoms such as vaginal dryness, vaginal irritation, a frequent need to urinate and urinary tract infections Vasomotor symptoms menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats caused by constriction and dilatation of blood vessels in the skin that can lead to a sudden increase in blood flow to allow heat loss. These symptoms can have a major impact on activities of daily living Sources Menopause: diagnosis and management (2015) NICE guideline NG23 Your responsibility Guidelines The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals and practitioners are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or the people using their service. It is not mandatory to apply the recommendations, and the guideline does not override the responsibility to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual, in consultation with them and their families and carers or guardian. Local commissioners and providers of healthcare have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual professionals and people using services wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with complying with those duties. Menopause Page 9 of 11 © NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.
Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways Commissioners and providers have a responsibility to promote an environmentally sustainable health and care system and should assess and reduce the environmental impact of implementing NICE recommendations wherever possible. Technology appraisals The recommendations in this interactive flowchart represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, health professionals are expected to take these recommendations fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients. The application of the recommendations in this interactive flowchart is at the discretion of health professionals and their individual patients and do not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian. Commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to provide the funding required to enable the recommendations to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients wish to use it, in accordance with the NHS Constitution. They should do so in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Commissioners and providers have a responsibility to promote an environmentally sustainable health and care system and should assess and reduce the environmental impact of implementing NICE recommendations wherever possible. Medical technologies guidance, diagnostics guidance and interventional procedures guidance The recommendations in this interactive flowchart represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, healthcare professionals are expected to take these recommendations fully into account. However, the interactive flowchart does not override the individual responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or guardian or carer. Menopause Page 10 of 11 © NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.
Managing menopausal symptoms NICE Pathways Commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to implement the recommendations, in their local context, in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, advance equality of opportunity, and foster good relations. Nothing in this interactive flowchart should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties. Commissioners and providers have a responsibility to promote an environmentally sustainable health and care system and should assess and reduce the environmental impact of implementing NICE recommendations wherever possible. Menopause Page 11 of 11 © NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.
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