Participation of IN2P3 physicists in Hyper-Kamiokande - ILance, LLR, LPNHE, OMEGA
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Participation of IN2P3 physicists
in Hyper-Kamiokande
ILance, LLR, LPNHE, OMEGA
Hyper Kamiokande in a nutshell
Solar neutrinos
Rare events
• Probe Grand Uni ed
νe Theories via p-decay or νe ν̄e
n − n̄ oscillation νμ ν̄μ Atmospheric neutrinos
• MSW e ect
• Non-standard interactions
• Observe CP violation for leptons at 5σ
• Precise measurement of δCP
Supernovae neutrinos • High sensitivity to ν mass ordering
J-PARC accelerator neutrinos
ν̄e
νe ν̄e
• Transient SN ν: constrain SN pro le models νμ ν̄μ
• Relic SN ν: constrain cosmic star formation
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 2
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Tokai to HK: heritage from T2K
Accelerator upgrade
Power increase (500kW →1.3 MW)
x2.7 more stats per s (wrt T2K-I)
ν/ ν̄ ux uncertainty < 5% thanks to NA61
T2K T2K-II T2HK
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 3
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Tokai to HK: heritage from T2K
Accelerator upgrade
Power increase (500kW →1.3 MW)
x2.7 more stats per s (wrt T2K-I)
ν/ ν̄ ux uncertainty < 5% thanks to NA61
Magnetized near detector @280 m
Used for T2K Oscillation Analysis for >10 y
Being upgraded now for T2K-II
Systematics uncertainties under control
from Day-1 of HK
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 4
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Tokai to HK: what will be new?
Accelerator upgrade
Power increase (500kW →1.3 MW)
x2.7 more stats per s (wrt T2K-I)
ν/ ν̄ ux uncertainty < 5% thanks to NA61
Magnetized near detector @280 m
Used for T2K Oscillation Analysis for >10 y
Being upgraded now for T2K-II
Systematics uncertainties under control from day 1 of HK
Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector (IWCD/E61)
Measure ν interactions on Water
W
E High stats. sample of ν interactions
N e
Needed to reach nal HK goal for systematics uncertainties
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 5
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Tokai to HK: what will be new?
Super Kamiokande Hyper Kamiokande
60 m
40 m
40 m 74 m
Super Kamiokande Hyper Kamiokande
Site Mozumi-yama Tochibora-yama Fiducial volume x8
Number of ID 20’’ PMTs 11129 >20,000 → non-beam ν physics
Photo-coverage 40% >20%
Single-photon e ciency/PMT ~12% ~24% Beam neutrino
Dark rate/PMT ~4 kHz ~4kHz event rate x 20
Time resolution of 1 photon ~3 ns ~1.5 ns
Total/ ducial mass (kton) 50 / 22.5 260 / 187
→ beam ν physics
7
Start operations in 2027 with 240 kt.MW and an assumed runtime 10 s per year
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 6
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ffi
20” PMTs, mPMTs and readout
multi-PMT
20” Box&Line PMT 19 x 3” PMT
Underwater
electronics
GbE on fiber Clock, UTC andUnderwater
control
Inner detector composed of
• 20k+ 20” PMTs (Hamamatsu R12860)
Data transmission signals on fiber
Control & Status
Data buffering, formatting System control Clock, PPS ref
and handling
• ~5k mPMTs (19 3” R12199-02 PMTs)
Status
Digitizer control & status,
PPS /UTC/control signals
Interlock (Emergency)
# of hits in 16.3us, etc..
HV control & status,
Low Voltage
converters
125MHz Clock
Digitizer Data
Temperature
→ Better SNR, directionality, timing
and humidity
Sensors
Digitizer
High Voltage system (Digitize signal and0provide T&Q data)
24 HV outputs 24 PMT analog signal inputs
W
E Size of detector requires an in-water electronics
N Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 7
Construction status
Entrance yard finished (Aug. 2020)
New building finalized
Summer 2022
Groundbreaking ceremony Tunnel entrance (June 2021) Survey completed
(May 2021) Excavation on-going
New main building
Everything on track!
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 8
May 28 2021
HK schedule First light in 2027
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Geo survey Tunnel constr. Cavern excavation Tank constr. PMT install. Commis.
Operations
Water
PMT production lling
Electronics
Electronics R&D Electronics production installation
Strong engagement of Japan: ~500 M$ for construction
→Expected from other countries: ~100 M$
International contributions being formalized (MOU expected in 2022)
First 2000 PMT Canada, Spain, UK already committed for 10-20 M€ each for the
March 2021 far detector construction
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 9
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Hyper-Kamiokande Physics
Rare events
Solar physics Neutrinos oscillation
9
Δχ2
8 Hyper-K improved syst. (νe/ νe xsec. error 2.7%)
7 Hyper-K
sin(δCP) = 0 exclusion
6
5
4
T2K-II
CP violation
3
T2K
2
Solar upturn Proton decay
1
0
2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036
Hyper-K preliminary
True normal ordering (known)
Year
sin2(θ13) = 0.0218 sin2(θ23) = 0.528 |Δm232| = 2.509E-3 δCP = -π/2
Supernovae modeling and Early Universe
ν mass ordering
Supernovae
DSNB
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 10Fast CP-violation discovery
Known mass ordering (KM3NET)
9
δCP values excluding sinδCP=0 (%)
Δχ2
80 3σ
8 Hyper-K improved syst. (νe/ νe xsec. error 2.7%) 5σ
Hyper-K 70
7
sin(δCP) = 0 exclusion
60
6 5σ in 2 years 50
5
40
4
T2K-II 30
3
T2K 20 Statistics only
3σ (T2K-II)
2 Improved syst. (νe/ νe xsec. error 2.7%)
10
T2K 2018 syst. (νe/ νe xsec. error 4.9%)
1
in 6 months 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 Hyper-K preliminary
2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 HK Years (2.7E21 POT 1:3 ν:ν)
Hyper-K preliminary True normal ordering (known)
True normal ordering (known)
Year sin2(θ13) = 0.0218 sin2(θ23) = 0.528 |Δm232| = 2.509E-3
sin2(θ13) = 0.0218 sin2(θ23) = 0.528 |Δm232| = 2.509E-3 δCP = -π/2
→If δCP = − π/2, CP violation discovered before δCP = − π/2 All δCP
any other LBL-ν experiment 3σ 5σ 50% 5σ 70% 3σ
→Fastest experiment to survey possible δCP values Hyper Kamiokande 0.5 y 2y 5y 5y
DUNE (staged*) 4y 8y 10 y 13 y
* 2 modules@1.2 MW y1; 3 modules y2; DUNE CDR arXiv:2002.03005
4 modules y4; @2.4 MW y7 IUPAP Neutrino panel report
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 11Mass ordering sensitivity with atmospherics
HK 10 years (2.70E22 POT 1:3 ν:ν)
18
Δχ2
Beam (Known MO)
16 Beam (Unknown MO)
14 Atmospherics (Unknown MO)
Combined (Known MO)
sin(δCP) = 0 exclusion
12 Combined (Unknown MO)
10
8 7σ
6 5σ
4 3σ
2 1σ
0
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
Hyper-K preliminary
True δCP
True normal ordering, improved syst. (νe/ νe xsec. error 2.7%)
sin2(θ13)=0.0218 sin2(θ23)=0.528 |Δm232|= 2.509 × 10-3 eV2/c4
If not discovered by T2K/SK, Nova, Orca or Juno before 2027,
HK can determine MO after 6-10 years via atmospheric ν
Sensitivity to CPV is little a ected if we add atmospheric ν
→MO prior knowledge not really required to explore δCP
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 12
ffδCP measurement resolution
30
δCP = − π/2 δCP = 0
1σ error on δCP (degrees)
True δCP = 0 °
True δCP = -90 °
25 30° 20° 15° 10°
20 Hyper Kamiokande 1y 7y 1y 3y
15
DUNE 5y 12 y 5y 8y
10
JCP ∝ sin(δCP)
Statistics only
5
Improved syst. (νe/ νe xsec. error 2.7%)
T2K 2018 syst. (νe/ νe xsec. error 4.9%)
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Hyper-K preliminary
True normal ordering (known)
HK Years (2.7E21 POT 1:3 ν:ν)
sin2(θ13) = 0.0218 sin2(θ23) = 0.528 |Δm232| = 2.509E-3
Petcov et al, 2007
Precision = sensitivity to matter-antimatter models
→HK will quickly reach precision on δCP of 30° (15°) for δCP = − π/2 (0)
→For the ultimate precision on δCP it will be important to further reduce DUNE CDR arXiv:2002.03005
systematics uncertainties w.r.t. T2K (ND280 Upgrade + IWCD)
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 13Proton decay
Motivated by Grand-Uni cation Theories
+ 0
HK will have the best limit on p → e + π for bound protons
→ about 1 order of magnitude better than current limits
15 2
→ typical constraint mX ≳ 5 × 10 GeV/c
Thanks to its huge mass, HK will also have leading sensitivity to
+
channels with invisible particles (p → ν̄K ) Phys. Lett. B 233 (1-2) 178-182
HK is sensitive to free proton decay
34
τ/B > 10 35
y τ/B > 3 × 10 y
JUNO: J. Phys. G 43 (2016) 030401 (arXiv:1507.05613)
DUNE: FERMILAB-PUB-20-025-ND (arXiv:2002.03005)
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 14
fiAstrophysical neutrinos
Andromeda
Supernova neutrinos arXiv:2101.05269
Increase by ~10 in stats sensitivity wrt. SK
SN1987A type ~2500 events
Galactic center: ~50000+ events
Direction (1°@10kpc) → triangulation
Time pro le: collapse models
→ SN ν detected every 3 years in HK!
Gravitational waves sources
Nearby (10Mpc) neutron star mergers
→Unique multi-messengers observatory
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 15
fiDSNB discovery by HK
SN-relic neutrino (SNRν) o er new constraints on cosmic star history
→Could be rst detected by SK-Gd
→The spectrum will be determined by HK
Impact of redshift: low energy probe older stars
Sensitivity to neutron star vs black hole formation
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 16
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ffProject Experiment approval: key dates
Number of collaborators
KEK UoT
Conclusion of previous CS: “Le projet n’est
pas actuellement approuv au Japon et il n’y
a pas su samment d’informations quant
l’organisation du projet pour envisager et
discuter des participations directes HK.”
May 2020:
Aug. 2019: Feb. 2020: Signature of MOU May 2021:
MEXT approval HK budget Groundbreaking
of HK project ceremony
approved
2018 2019 2020 2021
Oct. 2018: Jan. 2021:
IN2P3 CS Oct. 2019: March 2021: Oct. 2021:
CEA CS
discussing HK LPNHE CS LLR CS IN2P3 CS
approved HK
approved HK approved HK discussing HK
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 17
ffi
é
à
àIN2P3-CEA technical contributions to HK
O A x i s
@ 2 . 5°
29 5 k m
• ND280 Upgrade and maintenance Raw data Cloud
resources
Computing clusters
and local resources
- Super FGD electronics
RDP, MC
Kamioka
T0 DFC
(Tape + T2
Disk)
- High-Angle TPCs electronics & readout
DFC
T1 DFC
T2
DFC
HK Kamioka
• Construction of HK far detector
Kamioka DFC
(GRID)
SE T2
DFC T1 DFC
- Front-end electronics
DFC
T2
KEK
(GRID) DFC
•
KEK SE
International computing e ort
T2
DFC T1
DFC
KEK
HPSS
- CC-IN2P3 as T1 for HK
JPARC T2
T0
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 18
ff
ffComputing efforts in Hyper Kamiokande
Tier model similar to CERN’s
Resources and data management using DIRAC
Software containerized and shared via CVMFS
Cloud Computing clusters
Raw data
System similar in other IN2P3 exp. (Belle-II,
resources and local resources
RDP, MC
Kamioka
CTA, LSST…)
T0 DFC
(Tape + T2
Disk)
→obvious synergies
DFC
T1 DFC
T2
DFC
HK Kamioka
Kamioka DFC
(GRID)
SE T2
First 10 years of operations:
DFC T1 DFC
DFC
T2
→25 PB (data + MC — mostly Far Detector)
KEK
(GRID) DFC
KEK SE
T2
→880 MCPU.hours
DFC T1
DFC
KEK
JPARC HPSS T2
T0
(minimal with one copy of each le)
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 19
fiProposed Contribution: CC-IN2P3 as T1 site
CC-IN2P3 Tier1 for LHC (WLCG)
→ infrastructure, expertise available
Low-rate data stored on tapes
Disk and CPU for productions
Database management
Two proposed scenarii:
1. ND280 data storage
2. Near and Far detectors data storage
First step: CC-IN2P3 as T1 site for T2K
→ integration of CC as grid site into GridPP
→ disk allocation and data transfer
First production for HK at CC-IN2P3 completed
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 20Contribution to HK Far Detector electronics
France would develop and produce the whole
PMT read-out chain (w/o DAQ)
Clock generation and UTC
Outside
of mine
GPS
Triggers
Rb CLK
1 pps 10 MHz → clock generation and distribution
→ time and charge digitization
and commands
Computers MCLK Gen.
MCLK, Data
Time distribution
Distributor Status (#Hits)
1:48
53 ch.
Computers
Distributor
... Distributor × 48
53 modules
16 ch.
1:48
MCLK, Data
Underwater
Status
FEE ... FEE FEE ... FEE × 2,000
833 modules
... ... ... ... × 24
20 ch.
Time distribution endpoint
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 21HKROC: new chip and readout
HK requirements
ful lled
Chip and readout board for PMT inspired by HGCROC chip
1. Large dynamic range: 3 gains / ch.→ up to 2500 pC
2. Excellent charge & time resolution: (Competitors and time constraints
Two other competitors : Japan QTC (SK chip) & Italian discrete solution
HK internal review Apr-June 2022 → selection of digitizer solution
Selection criteria: First tests Internal
Now results review
• Performances 2020 202
1 20
22
• Group expertise
06 07 0
8 09 1
0 1
1 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06
R&DofCATI
ROC
fir
mwar
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twar
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• O cial engagement Pre
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PMTt
CATI
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s
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on fundings in HKROCc
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June 2022 Te
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HKROCt
&desi
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HKROCs ample
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Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 23
ffiTime Generation & UTC
Cavern under
the Mt. Ikeno Computing/ Time data and UTC
Monitoring
To TDM
system
Local time/GNSS Control
GNSS PPS
PPS comparator
(x2)
10 MHz and PPS Clock 125 MHz and PPS
conditioning
Board To TDM
Local time
Atomic
Septentrio PolaRx5 satellites detection PPS
Clock (x2)
10 MHz comparator
Creation of reliable Universal Time for global synchronization and stable 125 MHz frequency
for front-end digitizers
Strong collaboration between LPNHE and SYRTE (Observatoire de Paris)
Calibration of clocks and GNSS antennas
Creation of a dedicated lab to study clocks and GNSS at LPNHE
Long-term studies and comparison using atomic clocks, antennas and PPS-SYRTE
→ R&D program supported by SU Emergence and ANR “Bertha”
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 24Clock distribution
Strong collaboration between LPNHE/INFN/IRFU
Baseline proposal of time distributor modules (TDM) was nalized
• Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) technology implemented using ser-des
• “Tree-like” structure
Clock generation and UTC
• Board design shared btw CEA & LPNHE Outside of mine
GPS Rb CLK
• Main distributor (53 ports) Triggers
and commands
1 pps 10 MHz
• Second distributors (16 ports) Computers MCLK Gen. Designed at IRFU
Adapted by INFN/LPNHE
• Slow control and asynchronous signals distribution
MCLK, Data
Time distribution
FE board development in collaboration with HKROC’s Distributor
1:48 Status (#Hits)
53 ch.
Computers
...
Other competitor: SK-based clock distribution system Distributor Distributor × 48
53 modules
16 ch.
→ selection of the solution in June 2022
1:48
MCLK, Data
Underwater
Status
→ O cial engagement on fundings for approval ... ...
FEE FEE FEE FEE × 2,000
833 modules
... ... ... ... × 24
20 ch.
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 Time distribution endpoint 25
ffi
fiUpcoming milestones
Technological decision
for HKROC and clocks
S2 2020 S1 2021 S2 2021 S1 2022 S2 2022 S1 2023 S2 2023
HKROC R&D
HKROC production
Front-end board R&D
Front-end board production
Time generation R&D
Clock distribution R&D
Clock distribution production
CC-IN2P3 integration
Productions at CC-IN2P3
Electronics internal review
MOU signature
R&D almost complete
HK internal review beginning of 2022 → technological decision June 2022
MOU signature in 2022
1
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 26SWOT
Strengths:
Weaknesses:
• Well-known exceptional Water Cherenkov technology • Small groups at LLR and LPNHE. Mitigated by the
• Use of existing neutrino beam and near detector complex large overlap in terms of physics case, technologies
built for T2K, thus saving large amount of money for the
and tools between T2K, SK and HK.
long-baseline program and reducing systematics
uncertainties from the rst day of the experiment.
• So far no other IN2P3 groups decided to join the
Hyper-Kamiokande experiment.
• Construction budget for Hyper-Kamiokande have been • Hyper-Kamiokande not an IN2P3 project,
allocated by Japanese government in 2019 with a budget
undermining our visibility within the collaboration.
pro le that will allow to start the experiment in 2027.
Opportunities: Risks:
• Fast measurement of CP violation, before any other • Dates for the approval by CS-IN2P3 and fundings of our
experiments. proposed contributions to the HK electronics before
• Huge target mass, making HK the most sensitive collaboration review in Summer 2022. Missing the Summer
observatory for rare events in the MeV–GeV region. 2022 deadline would compromise the French
• IN2P3 groups can build on their long standing expertise contributions to the Hyper-Kamiokande far detector.
in the T2K experiment to propose strong contributions in • If the solutions not selected or not funded, no other planned
Hyper-Kamiokande. The possibility of using chips French contributions to the far detector construction, putting
developed by OMEGA for the Hyper-Kamiokande far our participation to Hyper-Kamiokande in jeopardy.
detector is particularly attractive from this point of view.
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 27
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fiConclusions and outlook
Hyper-Kamiokande has a vast and rich physics program including:
ν oscillations (fast CP-violation discovery, δCP precision…)
Rare events observatory e.g. proton decay
Multi-messenger astrophysics (transient and di use SN detection)
→ High and quick discovery potential!
Construction started → Operations will start in 2027
Continuation of T2K and T2K-II
Upgraded ND280 will be HK near detector
Seamless program of world-leading measurements and discoveries from 2010 to 2040
Almost done: R&D phase for the proposed contributions on electronics and computing
Used fundings from external sources (SU, Ecole Polytechnique, ANR)
Technological decisions taken in Summer 2022
→ approval by CS-IN2P3 & recognition of HK as IN2P3 project needed to strengthen our
proposed contributions to HK
Hyper-Kamiokande — CS IN2P3 October 2021 28
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