Prelims 2021 Current Flash Cards 12th November 2020 - IASToppers
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Prelims 2021 Current Flash Cards 12th November 2020
By IAS Toppers | 2020-11-12 13:52:00
# Question 1
The State Development Loans or SDLs are issued by Central or state government?
Answer:
The State governments of India
Detailed Answer:
Enrich Your Learning:
State Development Loans (SDLs)
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SDLs are issued only by the state governments of India to fund their activities and to satisfy their
budgetary needs.
They support the same repayment methods and come with a wide range of investment tenures.
The only difference between dated G-Secs and SDLs is that the former is issued only by the central
government, while the latter is issued solely by the state governments of India.
They are auctioned by the RBI through the e-Kuber which is dedicated electronic auction system for
government securities.
It is a market oriented instrument for states to mobilise funds from the open market.
RBI has the power to make repayments to SDLs out of the central government allocation to states.
Why in news?
The Reserve Bank of India said it will conduct the first ever purchase auction of State Development
Loans (SDLs) under Open Market Operations (OMOs) for an aggregate amount of ?10,000 crores.
Depending on market response, the size of the auctions may be enhanced in the subsequent auctions.
The RBI will purchase two SDLs each of 15 States and Union Territories through a multi-security
auction using the multiple price method.
There is no security-wise notified amount.
The SDLs mature in 2029, 2030 and 2031.
# Question 2
Is the right of hunting permissible within the reserved forests of India?
Answer:
Yes, sometimes
Detailed Answer:
Enrich Your Learning:
Wildlife Sanctuary
Wildlife Sanctuary, as the name implies, is the place that is reserved exclusively for wildlife use, which
includes animals, reptiles, insects, birds, etc. wild animals, especially those in danger of extinction and the
rare ones, so that they can live in peace for a lifetime and keep their population viable.
Wildlife sanctuaries refer to an area that provides protection and living conditions favorable to wild
animals.
India has 553 wildlife sanctuaries.
National Park
It provides protection to the entire set of the ecosystem, i.e. flora, fauna, landscape, etc. of that region.
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National parks are given a greater degree of protection, with human activity greatly restricted.
Only certain areas can be visited and only activities permitted by the chief wildlife warden of the state are
allowed in the park.
These protected areas are established by central and state governments for the conservation of wild
animals and for the purpose of propagating or developing nature.
Reserve Forests
Reserved Forests are owned by Government of India and often upgraded to the status of wildlife
sanctuaries and national parks.
The terms were first introduced in the Indian Forest Act, 1927 in British India, to refer to certain forests
granted protection under the British crown in British India, but not associated suzerainties.
The reserved forests and protected forests are declared by the respective state governments.
In reserved forests, rights to activities like hunting and grazing are sometimes given to communities
living on the fringes of the forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or wholly from forest resources or
products.
Thus, typically reserved forests enjoy a higher degree of protection with respect to protected
forests. However, it is possible that certain protected forests may enjoy more protection with respect to
certain reserved forests.
Why in news?
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The Assam government has approved the addition of 30.53 sq km to the 884 sq km Kaziranga National
Park.
The additional areas straddling two districts — Nagaon and Sonitpur — would make the larger Kaziranga
National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) grow to 1085.53 sq km.
The additions include encroachment-evicted areas and suitable wildlife habitat on river islands
(sandbars) that are vulnerable to encroachment.
It is a move to consolidate the wildlife areas anticipating better wildlife conservation and reduction in
human-wildlife negative interactions in the future.
# Question 3
Is the Deputy Speaker of the Loka Sabha is subordinate to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha?
Answer:
No, he is directly responsible to the House.
Detailed Answer:
Enrich Your Learning:
Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
The Deputy Speaker is also elected by the Lok Sabha itself from amongst its members.
He is elected after the election of the Speaker has taken place.
The date of election is fixed by the Speaker.
Whenever the office of the Deputy Speaker falls vacant, the Lok Sabha elects another member to fill the
vacancy.
The Deputy Speaker remains in office usually during the life of the Lok Sabha. However, he may
vacate his office earlier in any of the following three cases:
1.if he ceases to be a member of the Lok Sabha;
2.if he resigns by writing to the Speaker; and
3.if he is removed by a resolution passed by a majority of all the members of the Lok Sabha. Such a
resolution can be moved only after giving 14 days' advance notice.
The Deputy Speaker performs the duties of the Speaker's office when it is vacant.
He also acts as the Speaker when the latter is absent from the sitting of the House. In both the cases, he
assumes all the powers of the Speaker.
He also presides over the joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament, in case the Speaker is absent
from such a sitting.
It should be noted here that the Deputy Speaker is not subordinate to the Speaker. He is directly
responsible to the House.
The Deputy Speaker has one special privilege, that is, whenever he is appointed as a member of a
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parliamentary committee, he automatically becomes its chairman.
Like the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, while presiding over the House, cannot vote in the first instance;
he can only exercise a casting vote in the case of a tie.
Further, when a resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker is under consideration of the House, he
cannot preside at the sitting of the House, though he may be present.
When the Speaker presides over the House, the Deputy Speaker is like any other ordinary member of the
House.
He can speak in the House, participate in its proceedings and vote on any question before the House.
The Deputy Speaker is entitled to a regular salary and allowance fixed by Parliament, and charged on the
Consolidated Fund of India.
Since the 11th Lok Sabha, there has been a consensus that the Speaker comes from the ruling party
(or ruling alliance)
and the post of Deputy Speaker goes to the main opposition party.
The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, while assuming their offices, do not make and subscribe any
separate oath or affirmation.
History
The institutions of Speaker and Deputy Speaker originated in India in 1921 under the provisions of the
Government of India Act of 1919 (Montague— Chelmsford Reforms).
At that time, the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker were called the President and Deputy President
respectively and the same nomenclature continued till 1947.
Before 1921, the Governor-General of India used to preside over the meetings of the Central Legislative
Council.
In 1921, the Frederick Whyte and Sachidanand Sinha were appointed by the Governor-General of India
as the first Speaker and the first Deputy Speaker (respectively) of the central legislative assembly.
# Question 4
The banks ‘Open’, ‘Niyo’ or ‘Jupiter’ falls under which category of banks in India?
Answer:
Neobanks
Detailed Answer:
Enrich Your Learning:
Concept of Neobanks
The digital banking model operates as partnerships between licensed banks and non-banks,
popularly referred to as ‘neobanks’.
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A neobank is 100 per cent digital and uses apps and online platforms to support their customers,
rather than traditional physical branches.
Around 17 neobanking platforms in India have secured advanced funding including digital-only brands of
banks such as State Bank of India’s YONO and Kotak Mahindra Bank’s 811, while many are still under
development..
Popular platforms include Open, Niyo, Jupiter and Hylobiz.
They rely on partner banks to provide access to regulated services such as opening bank accounts
and providing access to loan offers.
Interestingly, MSMEs have emerged as a popular customer segment for such models.
Types of Neobanks
Neobanks are digital-only banks without any physical branches. These are of two types. One which
has obtained a fully operational banking license, such as the German neobank -- N26.
Second are digital-only platforms that offer either a standalone product or a basket of services by
partnering with financial institutions and licensed lenders such as banks and NBFCs. Two home-grown
neobanks like Open and Jupiter come in the second category.
Significance
Neobanks combine a more user-friendly, tech-savvy interface with reduced fees and an ability to cater
to smaller businesses that are often overlooked and considered unlucrative by traditional banks.
# Question 5
The Kibo, Shira and Mawenzi are the popular volcanic cones situated in which Mountain of Africa?
Answer:
Mount Kilimanjaro
Detailed Answer:
Enrich Your Learning:
Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain in Africa and is one of the seven summits.
Highest free standing mountain in the world.
It is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.
It is world’s tallest free standing mountain.
Kilimanjaro once had three volcanic cones – Kibo, Shira and Mawenzi. Shira and Mawenzi are extinct
volcanoes. However, Kibo is a dormant volcano.
It is a part of Kilimanjaro National Park.
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Why in news?
A fire broke out on Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s tallest peak.
The blaze has consumed 28 square kilometers of vegetation.
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