Productive Communication in English - Cuarto Semestre - Básica - CONALEP VERACRUZ
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Tipo de Módulo
Básica
Productive Communication
in English
Cuarto Semestre
Presenta: Raymundo Leal Pérez
Maestro del Plantel Conalep - Xalapa 1
2
3
Purpose of the Module
The students build descriptions extensively using syntactic and grammatical elements, they make comparisons
of two or more objects that have common or contrasting elements; they can express using intensifiers in
different contexts; they use tag questions to confirm suppositions and connect sentences and ideas using
specific vocabulary, all of this considering communication as the main idea of the speech development.
Dosage of the Program
Learning Unit Expected learning outcomes Socioemotional skills
Learning outcome
(main content) (HSE)*
Communicate with others using
certain expressions and adverbs of
manner to describe actions that are in 1.1 Describe and compare
a particular context or situation. actions and objects, in
dif f erent contexts using
adverbs and correlative words.
1. Exchange Make descriptions of objects using
inf ormation about correlative words to point out 20 hours Relationship Dimension:
personal actions. similarities and dif f erences. Collaboration HSE data
sheets.
30 hours
1.2 Exchange inf ormation,
emphasizing certain aspects
Use intensif iers to express levels of
of it using intensif iers.
intensity in sentences.
10 hours
Learning Unit Expected learning outcomes Socioemotional skills
Learning outcome
(main content) (HSE)*
Express similarities or
dif f erentiations about prices 2.1 Exchange inf ormation on personal
and personal interests. interests using comparatives and
superlatives to express similarities and
dif f erences, as well as tag questions to
2. Exchange of conf irm or deny them.
inf ormation about Use tag questions. Relationship
personal 14 hours Dimension:
interests. Collaboration HSE
data sheets.
24 hours 2.2 Express inf ormation, ideas or
Communicate ideas and
arguments, using the corresponding
opinions giving additional
text structure and link words to give
inf ormation using words which
cohesion to the text.
indicate the causes, ef f ects or
contrasts.
10 hours
4
Unidad 1
1.1 Describe and compare actions and objects, in different contexts using
adverbs and correlative words.
1.2 Exchange information, emphasizing certain aspects of it, using
intensifiers.
Actividades según programa de estudios Conalep
5
Choose the correct option.
1.- Lewis is ___ than his brother.
a) handsomer b) more handsome c) the handsome d) the most handsome
2.- Cristiano Ronaldo is ___ football player in the world.
a) the gooder b) the best c) better d) good
3.- My sister is ______ Ashley.
a) as organized like b) as organized as c) organized like d) how organized
4.- My sister Laura’s hair is ___ than mine
a) the longest b) most long c) more longest d) longer
5.- I’m older than my brother George, I’m ___ than my brother Mario.
a) young b) the youngest c) younger d) most young
6.- I don’t feel very well, … I think I’ll go to see a doctor.
a) but b) so c) because d) despite
7.- I like extreme sports ____ they are dangerous.
a) but b) and c) because d) so
EVALUACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA
J
6
Adverbs
Adverbs are one of the four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs and adjectives. We use adverbs
to add more information about a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a clause or a whole sentence and,
less commonly, about a noun phrase.
The murderer treated her very cruelly. You have to handle this problem carefully.
Silvia has happily finished her homework.
Adverbs: + -ly If the adjective ends in -y, replace the y with -i and add -ly.
Adjective adverb Adjective adverb
Careful caref ully happy happily
quick quickly easy easily
cheap cheaply
If the adjective ends in -able, -ible, or -le, replace the -e with -y. Irregular adverbs
Adjective adverb
Adjective adverb
Good Well
Probable Probably
Fast Fast
Terrible terribly
Hard hard
➢ Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs: friendly, silly, lonely, ugly, apply, rely, supply, ally,
etc.
Type of adverbs:
Describe how something happens or is done.
Manner adverbs
He spoke angrily / He opened the door quietly.
Describe when or for how long a certain action happened.
Time adverbs
I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow / I saw that movie last year.
Describe how often something occurs, either in definite or indefinite terms.
Frequency adverbs
I’m always losing my keys / I sometimes forget my wife's birthday.
Describe where something happens or where something is.
Place adverbs
When we got there, the tickets had sold out / He sent the children inside.
Adverbs of degree can modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs, and tell us
the extent to which something happens.
Degree adverbs
She is running very fast / You are walking too slowly.
7
AC T IV IT Y
A-1. Put the correct adverbs of these words. Complete the sentences with the correct adverb.
FAST - VERY CAREFULLY - EXTREMELY- LATELY -PROBABLY -
RECENTLY- LOUDLY - CONTINUALLY
a) fast ________________________
b) sad ________________________ 1) It rained _______________ for five days.
c) happy ______________________ 2) We walked _______________ across the floor.
d) terrible _____________________ 3) I went to the cinema on my own _______________.
e) good _______________________ 4) There’s been an increase in house burglary
f) angry ______________________ _______________.
g) easy _______________________ 5) The train will ______________ be late.
h) quick ______________________ 6) I found it _______________ difficult to talk to her.
i) probable ___________________ 7) She spoke very _______________. We could all her
j) loud _______________________ what she was saying.
k) slow _______________________ 8) Driving _______________ is dangerous.
A-2. Underline the adverbs in green so that they are presented in the following text:
The little prince continued: “Your planet is so small that you can turn it in three strides. You don't have to
do more than walk very slowly to always stay in the sun. When you want to rest, you will walk ... and the
day will last as long as you want. I was surprised to suddenly understand that mysterious glow of the sand.
Over time I have comforted a little, but not completely. I know he has returned to his planet, because at
dawn I did not find his body, which was not really so heavy ... And I like at night to listen to the stars, which
sound like five hundred million bells. The little prince looked for a place to sit, but the planet was completely
occupied by the magnificent ermine cloak. So he stood, but as he was tired, he yawned. If I ordered, "he
said frequently," if I ordered a general to become a seabird and the general did not
obey me, it would not be the general's fault, but mine”, "Can I sit down? The little prince
asked timidly. "I order you to sit down," the king replied, "majestically picking up a skirt
from his ermine cloak. The little prince continued: “Your planet is so small that you can
turn it in three strides. You don't have to do more than walk very slowly to always stay
in the sun. When you want to rest, you will walk ... and the day will last as long as you
want. Examine it carefully so that they know how to recognize it, if one day, traveling
through Africa they cross the desert. If you happen to happen by chance, do not hurry,
I beg you, and stop a little, precisely under the star. If a child comes to you, if this child
laughs and has golden hair and never answers your questions, you will immediately
guess who he is. Be kind to him! Don't leave me so sad! And let me know quickly that has returned…
The little Prince Antoine Saint Exupery
http://bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx/Colecciones/ObrasClasicas/_docs/ElPrincipito.pdf
8
AC T IV IT Y
A-3 Find the adverbs of these words.
C N K T U R A L L Y L B Z A S
SLOW
A X C T E P P L Y L J H N O C EASY
R R A Y A M U W E Q S A F Z Y CAREFUL
E Z X B S L O W L Y L T B J L SIMPLE
HAPPY
F D B R I U T T Y M L D U N N
NATURAL
U R R P L B A D L Y Q G Y G E
GOOD
L A M X Y Z F N E U L F R T D HARD
L H A P P I L Y G A Z I T U D BAD
Y S R G H L Ñ P O Q X Ñ S P U SUDDEN
SOFT
I N T E N T I O N A L L Y A S
INTENTIONAL
S I M P L Y B D E W Q V H O E
A-4 Complete the following blanks with adverbs: cautiously, falsely, normally, slowly or tediously.
The lady will try to retain your attention: she will look you in the face so that
you look at her, even if her words are addressed to the niece. You must make
an effort to get rid of that look - once open, clear, yellow, stripped of the veils
and wrinkles that _______________________ cover it - and fix yours on Aura,
which in turn stares at a lost point and moves in Silence your lips, get up with
attitudes similar to those that you associate with the dream, take the old
humpback girl's arms and________________________ lead her out of the
dining room You approach Doña Consuelo's door________________________ and don't hear a single
noise. Check your watch again: it's barely nine. You decide to go down, groping, to that covered patio,
without light, that you have not visited since you crossed it, without seeing it, on the day of your arrival at
this house. You remain with your face sunk in the pillow, with your eyes open behind the pillow, waiting for
what is to come, which you cannot prevent. You will not look at your watch again, that useless object
that________________________ measures a time agreed to human vanity, those hands
that__________________________________ mark the long hours invented to deceive the true time, the
time that runs with the insulting, mortal speed that no clock can measure.
Aura, Carlos Fuentes
https://brasilia.cervantes.es/imagenes/file/biblioteca/pdf/carlos_fuentes_aura.pdf
9
Correlative Words
The correlative conjunctions allow expressing sentences and ideas more connected to each other so that
you form more complex and interesting sentences, avoiding resorting to extremely short and repetitive
sentences.
Either It offers a choice between two possibilities. Neither It offers a choice between two possibilities.
Or one option, or the other, no matter which. Or one option, or the other, no matter which.
Either is used with “or”. Either is used with “nor”.
Structure: Structure:
+ Either + subject + verb + complement Neither + verb/auxiliary + subject
I’m saving money to travel to either Canada or • Neither my family nor my friends know about my
Australia. secret.
• Neither Frank nor Michelle went to school today.
- Subject + negative form + Either
Note: not to use neither with another negative. We cannot have a
I’ve never been to Portugal. ‘I haven´t either’. double negative!
Both It connects both two subjects and two objects, granting the same importance to both. It places greater
emphasis than simply using the conjunction and.
Both is used with “and”.
Examples: If we want to use a negative verb, we must use “either…or...
Juliet and Jane both went to the same H igh school. Both can be used as a pronoun to refer to two things that
I speak both English and French. we have already mentioned.
Tom is both kind and helpful. Do you want the yellow shirt or the green one?
“I’ll buy both” (= the blue shirt and the red shirt = both shirts)
Note: Both, neither and either are often used with ‘of’. But you must always use a determiner (the, my, these, those, his
etc) before the noun. “Both of these restaurants are very good.”
10AC T IV IT Y
B-1. Complete the sentences with both, either and neither.
a) There are two cakes. Please have one. You f) A: I have never been to Spain.
can have _______________ one. B: _______________ have I.
b) Megan is ______________ beautiful and g) We’ve been dating for 6 month and I haven’t
friendly. met ______________ of her parents.
c) I want _______________ the blue jeans not h) I don’t have _______________ time or
the black jeans. money.
d) I have ______________ time nor money. i) I couldn’t decide between them, I liked them
e) That tennis game was very close. ________________.
_______________ player had a clear j) You can take ________________ the 38 bus
advantage. or the 341 to get to town.
B-2 Look at the pictures and make sentences with correlative words. Both, either and neither.
1) I like neither running nor screaming.
2) _____________________________________
_____________________________________.
3) _____________________________________
____________________________________.
4) _____________________________________
____________________________________.
5) _____________________________________
____________________________________.
6) _____________________________________
_____________________________________.
B-3. Find out information about two popular camping sites in your country. Make a chart comparing
those two places. Use the words both, either and either, wherever is possible.
11Intensifiers
Intensifiers are used to emphasize the meaning of words. Change the strength of the word or adjective.
The most frequent intensifiers are: so, such, too, enough. Some others are: very, quiet, rather, fairly, really
and pretty.
So Such Such
It is used before adjectives that are Intensify a quality before It is used before a name or before a
not followed by names. It is also introducing the effect or name + adjective. When the name
used before adverbs and before consequence. is singular and preceded by an
many or many that can be followed article, such is placed in front of the
by names: article.
• There are so many exercises in • They went through such an awful
this book. experience that they will never try • That was such an interesting
again. movie.
Too Too Enough
Too can be used to highlight that Too goes before an adjective or You can use the word enough as an
there is a lot of something. It usually adverb. intensifier, but it is placed after the
has the meaning of "more than adjective it modifies.
enough" or "more than necessary". • The jungle book written by
It is usually used in negative Rudyard Kipling is too interesting She was not good enough for the
contexts. job, so she was rejected
• She was not good enough for the
job, so she was rejected
Others Intensifiers:
▪ I strongly disagree. ▪ Mike plays the guitar very well.
▪ It's a really interesting story. ▪ Everyone
was extremely excited.
▪ I don't need much money. I ▪ Her story was quite incredible
lead a fairly simple life. for most of us.
▪ These students ▪ It's absolutely amazing.
are rather noisy.
▪ I am a little angry with her. ▪ I so wanted to buy the
shoes.
12AC T IV IT Y
C-1. Complete the sentences with an intensifier and an adjective. Then, match the picture with the
sentences.
1) My dog is really awesome.
2) Louis thinks his best friend is ____________ ____________.
3) The Italian food is ____________ ____________.
4) Being a Dj is ____________ ____________.
5) Los Angeles is ____________ ____________.
6) Working at a Starbuck can be ____________ ____________.
7) I think the Star Wars movies are ____________ ____________.
C-2. Look at the pictures, then write down sentences with intensifiers.
2.- 4.-
1.- He’s really cute. 3.-
5.- 6.- 7.- 8.-
C-3. Put in so, such or such a.
a) It’s difficult to understand him because he speaks e) Everything is _________ expensive these days,
_________ quietly. isn’t it?
b) I like Zoe and Jeny. They’re _________ nice f) I couldn’t believe the news. It was _________
people. shock.
c) It was a great holiday. We had _________ a g) The party was really great. It was _________ pity
good time. you couldn’t come.
d) The food at the hotel was _________awful. I’ve h) I didn’t realise you lived _________ long way
never eaten _________ awful food. from the city centre.
13AC T IV IT Y
C-3. Write a short text using the following intensifiers talking about how is your daily life at school.
really, very, too, so, enough, such.
C-4. Rewrite a sentence with so or too to describe each situation. Example: I have a lot of homework.
I can’t finish it all. I have too much homework________.
1.- That message you sent was very nice. It made me feel good.
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
2. I don´t like that movie. I don´t like horror movies.
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Why did you bring that big suitcase? It won´t fit in the closet.
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
4. The mountains are covered with a lot of snow. You can´t see any rock.
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
5. English has many interesting topics. I love learning.
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
14y me Autoevalúo ¿Qué tanto comprendí?
Redacta un escrito donde menciones las características del lugar y actividades que realizaste en tus
últimas vacaciones; compara sitios, comida, precios, recorridos, etc. Recuerda utilizar adverbios,
comparativos, superlativos e intensificadores.
AUTOEVALUACIÓN
Unidad 1
15Unidad 2
2.1 Exchange information on personal interests using comparatives
and superlatives to express similarities and differences, as well as
tag questions to confirm or deny it.
2.2 Express information, ideas or arguments, using the
corresponding text structure and link words to give cohesion to
the text.
Actividades según programa de estudios Conalep
16Comparatives and Superlatives
Compare personal interests using comparatives and superlatives in different contexts.
Example of Comparative:
❖ We use comparative to compare only two things.:
animals, places or people.
Lewis runs faster than David and Carl.
❖ We use superlative to compare or show the
difference between more than two things, animals,
places or people.
My house is larger than hers.
Example: Jay is tall but his brother Mike is taller than
him, and his sister Cloe is the tallest in her family.
Example of Superlative:
This is the smallest box I’ve ever seen.
New York is coldest in January.
Además de las estructuras de comparativo y superlativo, también es habitual comparar cosas utilizando
la estructura gramatical as + adjetivo + as, que resulta muy fácil de recordar para los hispanoparlantes,
ya que puede traducirse directamente como “tan + adjetivo + como”.
• Oración afirmativa:
Rebecca is as tall as her sister (Rebecca es tan alta como su hermana).
• Oración negativa:
Kourtney Kardashian is not as famous as Kim Kardashian (Kourtney Kardashian no es tan
famosa como Kim Kardashian)
17AC T IV IT Y
D-1. Complete the box with the comparative and superlative of these words given.
Adjectives Comparative Superlative Adjectives Comparative Superlative
Small Thin
Happy Cheap
Good Expensive
Bad Poor
Rich Fancy
Easy Pretty
Comfortable far
Delicious Tall
D-2. Read the following conversation and then, identify and underline the comparative form.
Reporter: Mary, please tell us what you think about Australia and The United States.
Mary: Well, they are really nice countries and I love both of them.
They are quite different, though.
Reporter: Tell us about those differences.
Mary: For starters, the US is larger than Australia and there are
more people there than in Australia.
Reporter: What about the food?
Mary: I love Australian food, especially Cabanossi; it is a type of
sausage. Food in Australia is more traditional and spicier than in
the States.
Reporter: I’ve heard that Americans drive faster than Australians.
Mary: Yeah, that’s right. Roads in the US are usually safer and
bigger than in Australia so people can drive faster.
Reporter: Is it true that people in Australia are taller and thinner
than in the US?
Mary: I don’t know. Probably you are right, but I am not sure.
Reporter: Finally, let’s talk about men.
Mary: Men are most of the times more handsome in Australia. However, my husband is American, and he
is pretty attractive.
Reporter: Thank you Mary for your time.
18AC T IV IT Y
D-3. Write down a conversation about places you visited before. Compare these places. Use
comparative and superlative form.
D-4. Complete the text. Use the comparative or superlative form using the words from the box. You
might need to include the or than.
good up-to-date stylish comfortable attractive big small
low profitable high personal expensive
The hotel industry is changing. The ______________________________ trend is for
________________________, ______________________________ hotels with no more than 100 rooms.
These hotels are investing in ______________________________ designs,
______________________________ furniture, and ______________________________ service than the
______________________________ hotels. Some, targeting business customers, are offering
______________________________ value for money and ______________________________
technology. Among the new hotels starting up in London, the one with ______________________________
prices is the Orion, advertised at 59 pounds per night. At the luxury end of the market,
______________________________ is the Seven Stars Hotel with rooms priced at 195 pounds per night.
But with no swimming pools or large function rooms to maintain, these small hotels can expect to be
______________________________ without charging ______________________________ average
prices.
19Tag Questions
We use tag question when we want to check information or when we express an
opinion expecting the other person to agree with us.
When the statement is positive, the tag question should be negative.
She is a nurse, isn’t she?
When the statement is negative, the tag question should be positive.
Clark isn’t here, is he?
Examples:
The trains are never on time, are they?
Micha lives here, doesn’t she?
We will go to the party next Friday, won’t we?
E-1. Read the sentences and add a tag question.
AC T IV IT Y
1. We’ll go to the party today, won´t we?
2. Clarissa will go late again, ______________ ?
3. Joan shouldn’t pass the test driver, ______________ ?
4. That tree has a lot of apples, ______________ ?
5. Susan hasn’t finished her homework, ______________ ?
6. Kate won’t be late, ______________?
7. There are a lot of people here, ______________?
8. Helen has lived here a long time, ______________?
9. Don’t drop that vase, ______________?
E-2. In these situations you’re asking for information, asking people to do things etc.
a) You need a pen. Perhaps Lucy has a got one. Ask her.
Lucy, you haven’t a got a pen, have you?_
b) You’re looking for Tanya. Perhaps Margaret knows where she is. Ask her.
__________________________________________________________.
c) You need a bicycle pump. Perhaps Mark has got a one. Ask him.
__________________________________________________________.
d) Rossy has a car and you need a lift to the station. Perhaps she’ll take you. Ask her.
__________________________________________________________.
20Connection of sentences and ideas
The two main properties of the text are coherence and cohesion.
Coherence Cohesion
Consists in selecting and organizing the information Consists of the grammatical and semantic relationship
that the speaker wants to transmit so that it can be between the statements that make up that text.
perceived clearly and precisely by the recipient
All statements revolve around a theme Include mechanisms to achieve that cohesion, that
relationship between the statements that form the text
are:
That is, all the parts are related to each other. Mechanisms of substitution that consist of avoiding the
repetition of words, groups of words or sentences.
It presents a thematic progression that can be Textual markers that help the recipient to interpret the
presented in various ways, taking into account that the meaning of the message, since they inform about the
topic is known information and rounds new or sender's attitude towards the statement:
unknown information.
Textual connectors that establish relationships between
the different parts of a text. Within this groups are,
among others: Summative connectors: and also ...
Opposition connectors: but, nevertheless ...
Consequence or cause connectors: then, therefore,
therefore ... Speech computers: first, to finish, then ...
Los conectores o conjunciones son palabras que usamos para unir dos o más frases o dos palabras dentro
de la misma oración. Aquí tienes los conectores más comunes agrupados en categorías.
21So that Para que
So as to Para
Therefore Por lo tanto
So as not to Para no
Because Porque
Before Antes que
Furthermore además
Cuando, mientas, a
As
medida que, como
Until Hasta
Puesto que, ya que,
Since
desde que
In order to Para
For porque
Debido a, a causa, razón
Due to
de
Because of Debido a
Conectores condicionales Conectores conclusivos
Como su nombre lo indica, son conectores que Son de los conectores en inglés más utilizados
se utilizan para unir dos tipos de ideas, porque establecen la culminación de una idea
estableciendo una condición entre ambas, de principal. Los más empleados
forma que esto concluye en un resultado. Los son: Therefore, thus y consequently (por lo
más frecuentes tanto, en
son: If y whether (Si), provided o as long consecuencia), so (entonces), hence (de ahí).
as (mientras, siempre que), in case (en caso de
Ejemplo:
que) y unless (a menos que).
This is a yellow balloon. Therefore, it can’t change
Ejemplo: his color. (English)
I’m not going unless you buy the tickets (English) Este es un globo amarillo. Por lo tanto, no puede
No voy a ir a menos que compres los boletos cambiar de color. (Spanish)
(Spanish)
Conectores adversativos
Conectores continuativos
Como su nombre lo indica, son conectores que
Establecen una relación entre dos sucesos, se emplean para confrontar una idea con la otra,
brindando una continuidad que permite mantener o también para plantear una alternativa que sea
un orden de ideas. Los más utilizados diferente a la original. Estos son los más
son: Then (entonces), furthermore (por otra usados: But (pero), however (sin
parte), moreover (además), in addition embargo), yet / even so (aun así), still (sin
to (además de), not only (no solo), but embargo), instead (en su lugar)
also (sino que también). y while (mientras).
Ejemplo: Ejemplo:
She not only speak in English, but also speaks Please, wait here while the lord arrives. (English)
Spanish fluently. (English) Por favor, espere aquí mientras llega el lord.
Ella no sólo habla inglés, sino que también habla (Spanish)
español fluidamente. (Spanish)
22AC T IV IT Y
F-1. Read the following text and underline the causes and circle the effects, then complete the chart.
And share their personal ideas.
Molly really wanted to be able to reach the top of the appel tree in her backyard. There was a shiny red apple
that she really wanted to get down. But no matter how hard she tried, she just couldn´t figure out how to get
to the apple: The branches were too low to climb to the top. The tree was too short to jump and reach the
top. One day, Molly´s mom got a bunch of boxes in the mail. They were very sturdy and Molly´s mom said
Molly could use them. Mollly knew just what to do! She stacked the boxes up one on top of each other. But
she couldn´t find a way to climb them. Finally, she made stairs out of the boxes. She climbed right up! Molly
was so happy that she could finally get the apple at the top of the tree.
Cause Effect
F-2. Choose the correct word of phrase in brackets to fill in the gaps.
1. We stayed at home ______________________ the rain (because / because of).
2. I wanted to stay longer ______________________ I was really enjoying the party. (since / because
of)
3. We were late for the plane ______________________ the traffic. (because of/ because)
4. ______________________ his late night, Kenya missed her train. (because / owing to)
5. John did not go to work ______________________ his illness. (owing to / as)
6. ______________________ flights are cheaper in the fall, we decided to travel then. (since / owing
to)
23AC T IV IT Y
F-3. Complete the sentences below by using connectors.
1.- I fell of my motorcycle, and I hurt my arm.
I fell off my motorcycle because I wasn´t careful.
2.- We ate really big breakfast, so _______________________________________________________.
We ate a really big breakfast, but _____________________________________________________.
3.- Marlon and Jane went shopping because ______________________________________________.
Marlon and Jane went shopping, and _________________________________ _________________.
4.- Sam cleaned the room, but __________________________________________________________.
Sam cleaned the room, so ___________________________________________________________.
F-4. Choose the correct option.
1.- Jose called his girlfriend, … nobody answered the phone.
a) but b) and c) because d) so
2.- I usually go home at six o’clock, … then I watch TV for two hours.
a) and b) so….that c) because d) so
3.- My cousin studies very hard, … He always gets good grades.
a) but b) because c) so d) if
4.- Karly decided to order spaghetti,… Mike decides to order a hamburger.
a) while b) so c) because d) and
5.- There were a lot of mosquitos in my room las night, … I forgot close the window.
a) too b) because c) and d) so
6.- I don’t feel very well, … I think I’ll go to see a doctor.
a) but b) so c) because d) despite
24AC T IV IT Y
F-5. Match phrases from each column to make sentences. (More than one answer may be possible.)
Subject Effect Cause
A. Our soil Is being contaminated due to improper disposal of medical
B. Infectious diseases waste.
Is being harmed by
C. Many different species deforestation to make paper
are being endangered due to
products.
D. Our air quality
has been affected because of
E. Smog pollution hybrid cars.
has been reduced as a result of
F. The environment the use of pesticides on fruit and
have been spread through vegetables.
the destructions of their habitats.
climate changes like global
warming.
F-6. Identify of comparison-contrast relationships in the text.
All Cats Are Not the Same Tigers Tigers are the their name indicates, they are domesticated and
largest wild cat in the world. It is easily generally live in companionship with a human and
recognizable by its reddish-orange coat with dark are found around the world. House cats range in
stripes, with the exception of the white tiger, which size from 11 pounds to 25 pounds, depending on
is white with dark stripes. A tiger can weigh over their breed. Most house cats eat a diet of
700 pounds and be six feet long with a three-foot commercial cat food but may supplement their diet
long tail. Their natural habitat is eastern and with mice or birds that they stalk and capture. Like
southern Asia. They live where there is dense tigers and other large cats, the domestic cat also
vegetation with a close proximity to water and an has retractable claws and powerful jaws for their
abundance of prey such as antelope and deer, size. Domestic cats do not like to bathe or cool
taking down their pray with their retractable claws, themselves in water. Cats communicate by
strong body, and powerful jaws. Tigers are strong meowing, growling, hissing, and purring. Females
swimmers and enjoy bathing and cooling in ponds, mate and have a litter of three to five kittens that
rivers, and lakes. Tigers communicate by roaring, are born blind and helpless. Females wean their
moaning, hissing, growling, and chuffing. Females kittens between six and seven weeks of age, with
mate and have a litter of three to four cubs. The the kittens able to go to a new home at 12 weeks.
cubs are born blind and helpless and cared for by The lifespan of a domestic cat is between 10 and
their mothers in their den. At eight weeks they 14 years. 1. Based on the two paragraphs, the way
begin to follow the mother out of the den, becoming domestic cats and tigers are alike are: a) They both
independent around 18 months of age and leaving live in the wild and hunt for their own food b) They
their mother at around 2 years old. Tigers have a both commonly live with human companions and
lifespan of 10 to 15 years but can live longer than have retractable claws c) They both communicate
20 years, especially in captivity. House Cats by growling and hissing and have retractable claws
(Domestic Cats) Domestic or house cat fur can be d) They both like to cool themselves in water
long or short in a variety of colors and patterns. As
25y me Autoevalúo ¿Qué tanto comprendí?
Escribe una pequeña anécdota que hayas vivido en el último año. Utiliza los conectores que
estudiaste previamente.
AUTOEVALUACIÓN
Unidad 2
26Lee el siguiente fragmento del libro “La máquina del
tiempo “del escritor Herber George Wells.
Posteriormente dibuja tu propio prototipo de la
máquina.
La Maquina
La cosa que el Viajero a través del Tiempo tenía en su mano apretar esta palanca, envía la máquina a planear
era una brillante armazón metálica, apenas en el futuro y esta
mayor que un relojito y muy delicadamente confeccionada. otra invierte el movimiento. Este soporte representa el
Había en aquello marfil y una sustancia asiento del Viajero a través del Tiempo. Dentro de
cristalina y transparente. Y ahora debo ser explícito, pues lo poco voy a mover la palanca, y la máquina partirá. Se
que sigue -a menos que su explicación sea desvanecerá, Se adentrará en el tiempo futuro, y
aceptada- es algo absolutamente inadmisible. Cogió él una desaparecerá. Mírenla a gusto. Examinen también la mesa, y
de las mesitas octogonales que había esparcidas convénzanse ustedes de que no hay trampa.
alrededor de la habitación y la colocó enfrente de la No quiero desperdiciar este modelo y que luego me digan
chimenea, con dos patas sobre la alfombra. Puso la que soy un charlatán.
máquina encima de ella. Luego acercó una silla y se sentó. Hubo, una pausa aproximada de un minuto. El Psicólogo
El otro objeto que había sobre la mesa era una pareció que iba a hablarme, pero cambió de idea.
lamparita con pantalla, cuya brillante luz daba de lleno sobre el Viajero a través del Tiempo adelantó su dedo hacia la
aquella cosa. Había allí también una docena palanca.
de bujías aproximadamente, dos en candelabros de bronce -No -dijo de repente-. Déme su mano.
sobre la repisa de la chimenea y otras varias en Y volviéndose hacía el Psicólogo, le cogió la mano y le dijo
brazos de metal, así es que la habitación estaba que extendiese el índice. De modo que fue el
profusamente iluminada. Me senté en un sillón muy cerca propio Psicólogo quien envió el modelo de la Máquina del
del fuego y lo arrastré hacia adelante a fin estar casi entre el Tiempo hacia su interminable viaje. Vimos
Viajero a través del Tiempo y el hogar. Filby todos bajarse la palanca. Estoy completamente seguro de
se sentó detrás de él, mirando por encima de su hombro. El que no hubo engaño. Sopló una ráfaga de aire, y
Doctor y el Corregidor le observaban de perfil la llama de la lámpara se inclinó. Una de las bujías de la
desde la derecha, y el Psicólogo desde la izquierda. El repisa de la chimenea se apagó y la maquinita giró
Muchacho Muy joven se erguía detrás del Psicólogo. en redondo de pronto, se hizo indistinta, la vimos como un
Estábamos todos sobre aviso. Me parece increíble que fantasma durante un segundo quizá, como un
cualquier clase de treta, aunque sutilmente ideada y remolino de cobre y marfil brillando débilmente; y partió...
realizada con destreza, nos hubiese engañado en esas ¡se desvaneció! Sobre la mesa vacía no quedaba
condiciones. más que la lámpara.
El Viajero a tra vés del Tiempo nos contempló, y luego a su Todos permanecimos silenciosos durante un minuto.
máquina. -¡Vaya con el chisme! -dijo Filby a continuación.
-Bien, ¿y qué? -dijo el Psicólogo. El Psicólogo salió de su estupor y miró repentinamente de la
-Este pequeño objeto -dijo el Viajero a través del Tiempo mesa. Ante lo cual el Viajero a través del
acodándose sobre la mesa y juntando sus manos Tiempo rio jovialmente.
por encima del aparato- es sólo un modelo. Es mi modelo de -Bueno, ¿y qué? -dijo, rememorando al Psicólogo. Después
una má quina para viajar a través del tiempo. se levantó, fue hacia el bote de tabaco que
Advertirán ustedes que parece singularmente ambigua y que estaba sobre la repisa de la chimenea y, de espaldas a
esta varilla rutilante presenta un extraño nosotros, empezó a llenar su pipa.
aspecto, como si fuese en cierto modo irreal. Nos mirábamos unos a otros con asombro.
Y la señaló con el dedo. -Dígame -preguntó el Doctor-: ¿ha hecho usted esto en
-He aquí, también, una pequeña palanca blanca, y ahí otra. serio? ¿Cree usted seriamente que esa máquina
El Doctor se levantó de su asiento y escudriñó el interior de viajará a través del tiempo?
la cosa. -Con toda certeza -contestó el Viajero a través del Tiempo,
-Está esmeradamente hecho -dijo. deteniéndose para prender una cerilla en el
-He tardado dos años en construirlo -replicó el Viajero a fuego. Luego se volvió, encendiendo su pipa, para mirar al
través del Tiempo. Psicólogo de frente. (Este, para demostrar que
Luego, cuando todos hubimos imitado el acto del Doctor, no estaba trastornado, cogió un cigarro e intentó encenderlo
aquél dijo: sin cortarle la punta)-. Es más, tengo ahí una
-Ahora quiero que comprendan ustedes claramente que, al gran máquina casi terminada -y señaló hacia el laboratorio,-,
27y cuando esté montada por completo, pienso Está bastante claro.
hacer un viaje por mi propia cuenta. Paso su mano por el sitio donde había estado la máquina
-¿Quiere usted decir que esa máquina viaja por el futuro? - -¿Comprenden ustedes? -dijo riendo.
dijo Filby. Seguimos sentados mirando fijamente la mesa vacía te casi
-Por el futuro y por el pasado..., no sé, con seguridad, por un minuto. Luego el Viajero a través del po nos
cuál. preguntó qué pensábamos de todo aquello.
Después de una pausa el Psicólogo tuvo una inspiración. -Me parece bastante plausible esta noche -dijo el r-; pero hay
-De haber ido a alguna parte, habrá sido al pasado -dijo. que esperar hasta mañana. De día se ven las
-¿Por qué? -preguntó el Viajero a través del Tiempo. cosas de distinto modo.
-Porque supongo que no se ha movido en el espacio; si -¿Quieren ustedes ver la auténtica Máquina del Tiempo? -
viajase por el futuro aún esta ría aquí en este preguntó el Viajero a través del Tiempo.
momento, puesto que debería viajar por el momento Y, dicho esto, cogió una lámpara y mostró el camino el largo
presente. y oscuro corredor hacia su laboratorio.
-Pero -dije yo-, si viajase por el pasado, hubiera sido visible Recuerdo vivamente la luz vacilante, la silueta de su extraña
cuando entramos antes en esta habitación; y el y a cabeza, la danza de las sombras, cómo le
jueves último cuando estuvimos aquí; y el jueves anterior a seguíamos perplejos pero incrédulos, y cómo allí, en el
ése, ¡y así sucesivamente! laboratorio, contemplamos una reproducción en
-Serias objeciones -observó el Corregidor con aire de gran tamaño de la maquinita que habíamos visto
imparcialidad, volviéndose hacia el Viajero a través desvanecerse ante nuestros ojos. Tenía partes de níquel, de
del Tiempo. marfil, otras que habían sido indudablemente limadas o
-Nada de eso -dijo éste, y luego, dirigiéndose al Psicólogo-: aserradas de un cristal de roca. La máquina estaba
piénselo. Usted puede explicar esto. Ya sabe casi completa, pero unas barras de cristal retorcido sin
usted que hay una representación bajo el umbral, una terminar estaban colocadas sobre un banco de
representación diluida. carpintero, junto a algunos planos; cogí una de aquéllas para
-En efecto -dijo el Psicólogo, y nos tranquilizó-. es un examinarla mejor. Parecía ser de cuarzo.
simple punto de psicología. Debería haber pensado -¡Vamos! -dijo el Doctor- . ¿Habla usted completamente en
en ello. Es bastante claro y sostiene la paradoja serio? ¿0 es esto una burla... como ese fantasma
deliciosamente. No podemos ver, ni podemos apreciar esta que nos enseñó usted la pasada Navidad?
como tampoco podemos ver el rayo de una rueda en plena -Montado en esta máquina -dijo el Viajero a través del
rotación, o una bala volando por el aire. Si viaja Tiempo, levantando la lámpara- me propongo
a través del tiempo cincuenta o cien veces más de prisa que explorar el tiempo. ¿Está claro? No he estado nunca en mi
nosotros, si recorre un minuto mientras vida más serio.
nosotros un segundo, la impresión producida será, Ninguno sabíamos en absoluto cómo tomar aquello.
naturalmente, tan sólo una cincuentésima o una Capté la mirada de Filby por encima del hombro del Doctor,
centésima de lo que sería si no viajase a través del tiempo. y me guiñó solemnemente un ojo
28Dibujo de mi Maquina del Tiempo
29Generales
Programa de Estudios de Productive Communication in English, Conalep 2020.
Guía Pedagógica de Productive Communication in English, Conalep 2020.
Recursos Digitales
https://www.englishreservoir.com/es/gramatica-esencial/conjunciones/conjunciones-correlativos/
https://www.grammar.cl/english/
https://glishfortourismzubiri.weebly.com/comparatives-and-superlatives.html
https://www.cevie-dgespe.com/documentos/1804b.pdf
https://www.wordreference.com/es/
Citada
Evan Virginia & Dolley Jenny, Upstream Pre-intermediate B1 Student’s Book, Seventh edition, Express
Publishing, 2011.
Downie Michael, Gray David, Jiménez Juan M., Extreme Experience, Buenos Aires, Argentina, First Edition,
Ediciones Santillanas, S.A., 2013.
H.Q Mitchel, Travelers Beginners American Edition Student’s Book, MM Publications, 2010.
Corespi, Rose, Nowadays 1 Student’s Book and Workbook, First Edition, Delta Learning , 2019
Corespi, Rose, Up to Date 2, Student’s Book and Workbook, First Edition, Delta Learning , 2020
Llanas, Á & Libby W. (2014). Communicate in English Fifth semester, Student’s Book. México, Macmillan.
Imágenes
Banco de imágenes obtenidas de https://pixabay.com/es/ y google imágenes. Recursos genéricos para
propósitos académicos sin fines de lucro.
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