Canada Responds Dr. Leila Daddoust MSN, MS & Ph.D. in Health in Disasters & Emergencies R.A York University
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Canada Responds
Dr. Leila Daddoust
MSN, MS & Ph.D. in Health in Disasters & Emergencies
R.A York University
2021-01-17 1
CANADA
• Area: 9,984,670 km2 (2nd after Russia) • Niagara Falls: The largest Waterfalls in
• Canada has three main levels of government: The World
Federal level, Provincial and Territorial • The Trans-Canada highway (8,030
• Geography of Canada 10 provinces, 3 territories km)-the longest highway in the world
• Largest city: Toronto that joins 10 provinces
• Official languages: English and French
2021-01-17 2
The Population of Canada: 38,091,682
Ethnic origin by regional group
Other 1.10%
Latin, Central and South American origins 1.30%
African origins 3.50%
Aboriginal origins 4.90%
East and Southeast Asian origins 9.10%
South Asian and Middle Eastern origins 7.90%
European origins 72.90%
2021-01-17 3
What is COVID-19? • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus. • The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). • The First case was confirmed on December 31, 2019 in China. • 191 countries; 94,639,998 Global case; 2,024,526 Global death • Canada:702,183 Total case, 17,865 Total death 2021-01-17 4
COVOID-19 Timeline in Canada
• Jan 25: First case; Man 50, Ontario
• On Feb 26, The Minister of Health recommended that citizens stockpile food and medication
• Feb 27: Quebec officials report their first case, a woman from Iran
• Mar 8: First death. Man 80 , BC
• Mar 11: The WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Canada;100 cases
• Mar 11: Physical distancing measures are implemented across the country
• Mar 12: Prime Minister J.T self-isolates after his wife tests positive
• Mar 13: GOC recommends avoiding non-essential travel outside of Canada
• Mar 16: GOC advises all travelers entering Canada to self-isolate for 14 days
• Mar 18: Entry to Canada by air is prohibited to all foreign nationals
• Mar 25: Emergency aid bill passes
• Mar 31: Canadian scientists started their work to develop a vaccine and a drug
• Telehealth Ontario implements virtual medical visits
• NML develops the first novel coronavirus test in Canada
• The government of Canada launches web-based information on COVID- 19
• The phone info-line opens for Canadians to ask questions regarding the novel coronavirus
• Enhanced screening implemented at major airports (Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver)
• All provinces and territories declare a state of emergency and/or public health emergency
• Non-essential businesses have significantly reduced capacity
• Gatherings are restricted (number of people in gatherings vary by province/territory)
2021-01-17 • All provinces and territories close schools 2020 5 2021
• Advisory for those who can work from home
• Apr 2: COVID-19 death toll passes 100. • Apr 4: The W.H told U.S. company 3M to stop exporting N95 to Canada. • Apr 6: People start applying for emergency aid (5.4 million Canadians). Dr. Theresa Tam CHPHO says wearing masks is a way to prevent the virus from spreading. • Apr 11: Quebec says 31 people have died in a Montreal-area long- term care home. • Apr 22: Ontario and Quebec, the hardest-hit provinces, call on the military to help out in long-term care homes. • Apr 23: Government announces it'll pour $1.1 billion into vaccine testing. • May 3: A rapid test for COVID-19 is voluntarily recalled after issues are discovered. • May 4: Restrictions start to lift in some provinces. • May 13: Dr. Theresa Tam says Canadians should wear non-medical masks when they can't stay physically distant from others. • Jun 12: Ontario enters Stage 2 of its reopening. • Jun 26: The Canadian Red Cross sends 900 people to work in Quebec's long-term care homes until mid-September, replacing Canadian Armed Forces members. 2020 2021-01-17 2021 6
• Jul 28: Remdesivir approved by Health Canada.
• Jul 30: Temperature screening stations are set up at
airports.
• Jul 31: A smartphone app warns you when you are close to
someone positive for COVID-19 becomes available to
download.
• Aug 17: The CFL cancels its 2020 season.
• Aug 21: Canada’s planning to produce up to 100 million
N95 masks in a year.
• Sep 8: After six months, today, all children and teenagers
back to schools across Canada.
• Sep 18: Country heads into a second wave of the COVID-
19 pandemic.
• Sep 23: Trudeau says families won't likely be able to gather
for Thanksgiving.
2020 2021-01-17 2021 7
Oct 1: Bars, cinemas, and restaurants are ordered closed. New strict
measures: private gatherings/$1,000 fine.
Oct 28: A report from CPHO says Canada ranks 26th globally for total
deaths per million population.
Nov 17: The head of the WHO says Canada deserves praise for its
efforts to fight COVID-19.
Nov 24: Government bought 26,000 doses of an unnamed drug with
an option to buy thousands more. (Antibodies from patients).
Nov 26: Health officials say Canada has purchase agreements with 7
COVID-19 vaccine producers.
Nov 27: Mr. Trudeau says most Canadians should receive the vaccine
by Sep. 2021. He adds a former NATO commander would lead
vaccine distribution.
Nov 30: The government's plans for skills training and to create new
jobs, and to inject another $100 billion into the economy.
Dec 9: Health Canada approves national use of Pfizer and BioNTech's
COVID-19 vaccine. Canada will receive up to 249,000 doses of the
vaccines this month.
Dec 14: The first doses of the Pfizer vaccine are administered to
people in Quebec and Ontario.
2021-01-17 8
As part of Canada's efforts to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and prevent importation, all travellers are
required to digitally provide contact and quarantine information upon and after entry into Canada.
Together, let's limit • COVID Alert is Canada's free exposure notification app.
• As part of Canada's efforts to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and
the spread of prevent importation, all travelers are required to digitally provide contact
COVID-19. and quarantine information upon and after entry into Canada.
2021-01-17 9
COVID-19 in Canada
First wave Second wave
2021-01-17 10Age and gender distribution of COVID-19 cases hospitalized in
Canada - January 8
Of 632,312 cases-35,188 cases (7.5%) were hospitalized 18.5
•6,452 (18.3%) were admitted to the ICU
•1,264 (3.6%) required mechanical ventilation
15
11.8
10
9.2
7.3
6.6
4.8
4
3.1
2.8
2.4
1.8
1.3
0.8 0.8
0-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+
Number of male cases (proportion) Number of female cases (proportion)
2021-01-17 11Hospitalizations- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) - January 8
17.4
16.6
11.6
male
8.5 8.7 female
7.5
6.2 6
5.4
3.3
2.7
2.1
1.3 1.4
0.7 0.5
0-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+
2021-01-17 12Hospitalizations: Death - January 8
40.1
80+
30.4
7.6
70-79
11
2.7
60-69
4.5
1
50-59
1.4
0.3
40-49
0.5
0.1
30-39
0.2
0.1
20-29
0.1
0
0-19 2021-01-17 13
۰ female MaleDeath rates in
G7 countries -
15 Jan 2021
388785
80848 86015
68942
45207
17707
4119
Japan Canada Germany France Italy United Kingdom United States
2021-01-17 14International Comparison
First wave Second wave
2021-01-17 15COVID-19 Emergency Response Plan
• The Government of Canada has invested $322 billion
to support Canadians and fight COVID-19.
• $52 billion of this funding has supported coordinated
action to strengthen critical health care systems,
purchase personal protective equipment(PPE) and
supplies, and support critical medical research and
vaccine development.
• The federal government has provided more than 8 out
of every 10 dollars spent in Canada to fight COVID-19
and support Canadians.
2021-01-17 16• Canada’s Minister of Health: an investment of more than $109M over one year • Supporting 139 research teams • Development, testing, and implementation of measures to mitigate the rapid spread of COVID-19 and its negative consequences • Vaccines, therapeutics, and clinical approaches, physical distancing and travel restrictions, and study at-risk populations • Their findings will inform decision-making and planning at national and international levels 2021-01-17 17
COVID-19 vaccination doses administered per 100 people
Jan 17, 2021
2021-01-17 18Total number of vaccination doses administered per 100 people in the total population A single dose Willingness for inoculation varies across the country. 2021-01-17 19
1. Support for individuals
2. Support for businesses
3. Support for sectors
4. Support for organizations helping Canadians
5. Support for provinces and territories
2021-01-17 20Economic Response Process -COVID-19
Support for Businesses
1. Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS)- 75% wage subsidy
2. Temporary 10% Wage Subsidy
3. Extended Work-Sharing Program
4. Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA)
5. Canada Emergency Commercial Rent Assistance (CECRA)
Support for Individuals
1. Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB(
2. Temporary salary top-up for low-income essential workers
3. Increased Canada Child Benefit
4. Special Goods and Services Tax Credit payment
5. Extra time to file income tax returns
6. Mortgage
2021-01-17payment deferral 21COVID-19 Emergency Action Plan for
Health care setting
1. Enhanced screening and reduced exposure
2. Infection control
3. Sustaining staffing and managing staff shortages
2021-01-17 22COVID-19 Emergency Action Plan- Health Related Measurement
Assessment centres
Opened assessment centres for virus testing
Provided online listing of test centres including drive-through
Online assessment
Released a new online risk assessment tool
Launched online portal to access COVID-19 lab test results
Case management
Test criteria Prioritized testing for those showing COVID-19 symptoms
case definition
Notifiable Disease Guidelines
Published guidance on the public health management of patients
Education Updated operational guidelines for schools
Outbreak definitions Updated operational and outbreak standards for long-term cares and schools
( 2 or more confirmed cases -staff and/or student- within a 14-day period)
Self-isolation Published self-isolation guidance (1- $1,000 2- $2,000 - $10,000)
Self-isolation centre for low income individuals
2021-01-17 23COVID-19 Emergency Action Plan- Health Related Measurement
Contextual Holidays Announced beforehand
information
Gatherings Outdoor gatherings were to 30, indoor to 15
Distancing Permitted households to spend time with 1 or 2 other households
Work from home Requested people who can work from home to do so.
Delayed medical All non-urgent and non-emergency surgeries suspended
procedures
Health services Equipment Funding of $610 m for the purchase of PPE (hand sanitizer, N95
masks, isolation shields and gloves) and other supplies
Telemedicine/Virtual care Published guidance for practicing telemedicine during the COVID-19
pandemic
Visitors Restricted visitors/Permitted long-term care residents and for persons
with disabilities up to 2 visitors for outdoor visits
2021-01-17 24
Other Released Action Plan for the second wave of COVID-19COVID-19 Emergency Action Plan- Health Related Measurement
Daycares Childcare centres close
Closure
Education Closures of schools & Universities
Health services All non-essential/non-emergency services were suspended
Licence Waived or modified registration requirements for former licensed
Health reinstatement/reclassification practical nurses & physicians
workforce
Safety guidelines Released protocol for safe return to practice e.g., Dentists.
Supply management $400 wage supplement -essential workers caring for vul pop
Public Launch of web page The Government launched a web page for COVID-19
information A phone line for non-health COVID-19 questions: travel rest.
Masks Mandated the wearing of non-medical masks age 5≥ ($400 to $6,000(
2021-01-17
Pandemic Response Plans To share the current level of risk, providing health guidance 25COVID-19 Emergency Action Plan- Health Related Measurement
Health services Permitted opening of dental, physiotherapy, massage therapy
…
Openings Daycares Daycares opened using newly developed guidelines for child
care (Jun)-Stage 1 of reopenings
Education In person: Sch /Distance learning: Uni
Recreation Low-risk outdoor recreational activities (fishing and
boating)
Non-essential services Permitted nearly all businesses– Stage 3 of reopenings
State of Emergency Depending on the condition
Emergency
Travel Restrictions Permitted family members
self-isolation
2021-01-17 26Disproportionate Impacts of COVID-19
• Vulnerable groups
• Long-term Care Facilities and Workers:15% of all cases and residents alone
making up 80% of all COVID-19-related deaths.
• Age-related trends
• COVID-19 affects sexes differently.
• Risks for Essential Workers: Healthcare workers, 19%
• Group Living Conditions promote viral spread.
• Indigenous peoples
• Statistics Canada data shows that racialized Canadians had the highest mortality
rates during the first wave of the pandemic.
In Toronto
• People with lower income levels and racialized communities experience higher
rates.
• In Toronto, Black, Latin American, Arab, Middle Eastern or West Asian people are
at least seven times more likely to contract COVID-19 than non-racialized people.
2021-01-17 27Main precautions taken by Canadians as a result of COVID-19
Other 1.7
Made a plan for caring for household members who are ill 11.8
Made a plan for other non-household members 12
Filled prescriptions 27
Worked from home 27.4
Made a plan for communicating with family, friends and… 29.5
Cancelled travel 46.1
Stocked up on essentials at a grocery store or pharmacy 46.6
Avoided touching your face 66
Avoided leaving house 74
Wore a mask 84.3
Avoided crowds and large gatherings 89.2
Used physical distancing when out in public 89.7
Washed your hands more regularly 92.6
2021-01-17 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
28
90 100• According to data released by Statistics Canada, a
decline in all major crime categories (except
homicides, which have remained stable)
• Police services reported that incidents of shoplifting
were down by 50%
• Residential break-and-enters were down by 25%
• Motor vehicle theft was down by 19% from March
to August 2020, when compared to the same
period in 2019.
• Traffic deaths have plummeted by 34 percent –ON
30%
2021-01-17 29Response Plan: Preparing for Future Waves of COVID-19 This comprehensive plan is to ensure Ontario is prepared. Building on lessons learned from the first wave of COVID-19, this plan aims to ensure actions and resources directly support health care partners to keep Ontarians safe. The plan includes: 2021-01-17 30
Successful plans and policies ✓The Canadian people have been less divided and more disciplined. ✓Public health measures were selected based on pandemic planning in all jurisdictions including learning from countries that experienced outbreaks earlier than Canada. ✓By Jun testing was widely available across the country so they could isolate the sick, trace contacts and limit spread very fast. ✓Canada’s national health-care system allows people to seek care for covid-19 without fear of out-of-pocket costs. ✓The specific steps that Canada used to limit infections included: social (physical) distancing /closing of schools, universities, public playgrounds, and nonessential businesses. ✓The federal and provincial governments encouraged everyone except essential workers to stay home. These measures resulted in a substantial reduction in 80% for public transit, 60% for walking and driving, 46% in travel to workplaces, in 65% of contact rate. ✓Travel restrictions were also important: Late January. GOC limited incoming international flights to 4 cities. Canadian citizens, essential workers (e.g., migrant farmworkers), and those transporting goods were allowed entry -ArriveCAN App. ✓The Quarantine Act—established in 2005 to take measures to prevent the spread of communicable diseases”—was implemented. ✓Public health agencies hired and trained people to expand contact tracing efforts. 2021-01-17 31
Successful plans and policies
✓ In late July COVID-19 notification app was available.
✓ At first masks were not recommended, then were recommended in June, and then were mandated in
most parts of the country.
✓ Surveillance and predictive modeling were used to monitor the disease characteristics, spread and rate
of growth to support evidence-informed decision-making for response planning and interventions; rapid
outbreak identification and containment activities.
✓ Provision of public health guidance across health, healthcare and non-healthcare settings to facilitate
evidence-informed, risk-based approaches.
✓ Frequent and consistent communication and outreach to promote public health advice and the
importance of infection control strategies.
✓ With the consistent decline in new cases in Canada restrictions started to ease and reopening started
in 3 phases.
✓ There has been considerable cooperation between federal and provincial officials and politicians:
“Team Canada”
✓ There is a far less underlying distrust of science and public health in Canada.
✓ Canadian officials have consistently offered a generally consistent message.
2021-01-17 32Question?
Thank You
2021-01-17 33• Coronavirus fears: Empty shelves as Canadians heed health minister's advice to stock up 2021-01-17 34
Grocery sales increase in March 2020
735
404
288 284
268 257
227
208 204 204 199 193
180 165
151
135 121 120
97 94 82 76 75 71 67 61 59 57 55 51 50 49 44 31 29 29 26
2021-01-17 35You can also read
