Sulaymaniyah DS Training 17 - 18 February 2021 - iraqrecovery.org
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Sulaymaniyah DS Training
17 - 18 February 2021
Approach and Expectations • The training is a follow up on the request to support KRI authorities to expand understanding of the durable solutions framework and how it can be applied to solve protracted displacement in Sulaymaniyah. • Day One will explore the current displacement context of the Sulaymaniyah (governorate stats, obstacles and challenges) and will introduce the DS framework. Having a clear understanding of the challenges and priorities will help inform our understanding of DS framework principles (Focus: Dohuk context and DS Frameworks and Solutions) • Day Two will build on the principles looking into DS principles, criteria, stake holders (government, IDPs, humanitarian/development actors, host community etc) and we will also have a session on inter-governorate coordination • The training will be interactive, we will rely on your knowledge and experience Sulaymaniyah, we will need everyone to share and ask questions to enrich our training. February 2021 2
Objectives Day 1: • Agreement on key challenges and issues relating to displacement in Sulaymaniyah • Enhance participants understanding of international frameworks on durable solutions Day 2: • Follow on from day 1 discussion of the DS framework principles, importance of stake holder involvement and also session on inter-governorate coordination. • Enhance understanding of durable solutions principles, criteria and identification of and engagement with key stakeholders in Dohuk and inter-governorate coordination. February 2021 3
Agenda
Time DAY ONE
9:30 – 9:45am Introduction
9:45-10:45am Situation Overview – Sulaymaniyah
10:45-11am COFFEE BREAK
11am-12pm Sulaymaniyah IDP Obstacles to return and possible interventions
12noon – 12:15pm COFFEE BREAK
12:15- 13:15pm Introduction to Durable Solutions-Iraq policies and international frameworks
13:15-13:30 pm Wrap up for Day
Time DAY TWO
9:30 – 9:45am Introduction and recap from Day 1
9:45-10:45am DS principles and Criteria
10:45-11:05am COFFEE BREAK
11:05am-12pm DS principles, stakeholder Identification and engagement
12:00 – 12:15pm COFFEE BREAK
12:15- 13:00pm Inter-governorate coordination
13:00-13:15 pm Wrap up
February 2021 4DAY ONE
5Sulaymaniyah Situation Overview
6Overview • Outline key stats for IDPs in Sulaymaniyah • Profile of IDPs in Sulay (who are they, where are they from, where are they displaced?) • Intentions and obstacles • Discussion OBJECTIVE: To agree on common understanding of the displacement situation in Sulay (Who are the people of concern, all IDPs, if not all who are the priority groups and why. What are the key challenges and issues that need to be addressed to solve protracted displacement in Sulay. How do we support these IDPs (interventions)? February 2021 7
Summary of Key Stats – IDPs
• Sulaymaniyah hosts the fourth largest number of IDPs in Iraq after Ninewa, Dohuk and Erbil. The
governorate hosts 136,026 individuals (23,065 families)
• It also has the most diverse IDPs of the whole of KRI with IDPs from 7 governorates, ie Salah Al-Din (33,353
IDPs), Baghdad (26,140 IDPs), Diyala (24,774 IDPs), Anbar (21,935 IDPs), Ninewa (14,154 IDPs), Babylon
(9,706 IDPs) and Kirkuk (5,964 IDPs).
• The majority of IDPs in Sulaymaniyah are in out of camp settings ie 91% while 9% are in the 3 Sulaymaniyah
camps
IDP and Returnee Master list, Round 119, covering the months of Novemebr and December 2020
February 2021 8Sulay IDP Areas of Origin
• The majority of IDPs in Sulaymaniyah are from SAD, closely IDPs in Sulaymaniyah by Governorates and Districts of Origin
followed by Baghdad, Diyala and Anbar. Al-Muqdadiya
Khanaqin
9,670
7,800
• Notably Sulay hosts a significant number of IDPs from Diyala
Ba'quba 5,354
Babylon
Al-Khalis 1,518
Baladrooz 222
Kifri 210
24,774
IDPs in Sulaymaniyah by Governorates and Districts of Origin
Falluja 11,653
Balad 10,765
Ramadi 7,079
Tuz Khurmatu 6,228 Al-Ka'im 1,325
Baiji 6,054 Heet 948
Anbar
Al-Fares 4,573 Ra'ua 474
Salah Al-Din Ana 258
Tikrit 3,082
Haditha 150
Samarra 1,956
Al-Rutba 48
Al-Shirqat 462 21,935
Al-Daur 233 Mosul 6,793
33,353 Sinjar 4,526
Al-Ba'aj 1,092
Mahmoudiya 9,546
Telafar 1,055
Karkh 6,203 Ninewa
Al-Hamdaniya 486
Al Resafa 4,512 Hatra 185
Abu Ghraib 2,424 Tilkaif 12
Baghdad Al-Shikhan 5
Tarmia 1,890
14,154
Mada'in 666
Al-Musayab 9,628
Adhamia 654 Babylon Hilla 72
Kadhimia 245 Al-Mahawil 6
26,140 9,706
Kirkuk 5,742
Kirkuk Al-Hawiga 192
Daquq 30
IDP and Returnee Master list, Round 119, covering the months of Novemebr and December 2020 5,964
February 2021 9IDP Shelter Type
• The majority of IDPs in Sulay are in IDPS in Sulaymaniyah by shelter Type
private settings/rental
accommodation, with a few in their
own housing. Private setting 123,906
• The governorate has 3 camps
hosting close to 12,000 IDPs.
• About 300IDPs are living in critical
shelter in Sulaymaniyah Camp 11,820
Critical 300
IDP and Returnee Master list, Round 119, covering the months of Novemebr and December 2020
February 2021 10IDP Locations of displacement in
Sulaymaniyah
IDPs in Sulaymaniyah by District of Displacement
Governorate of District of
Individuals %
Displacement Displacement
Sulaymaniya 86,980 64%
Kalar 20,312 15%
Chamchamal 9,252 7%
Halabja 6,702 5%
Dokan 5,334 4%
Sulaymaniyah
Darbandikhan 4,338 3%
Rania 2,292 2%
Sharbazher 564 0.4%
Pshdar 222 0.2%
Penjwin 30 0.02%
Total 136,026 100%
IDP and Returnee Master list, Round 119, covering the months of Novemebr and December 2020
February 2021 11IDP Intentions
•
•
February 2021 12Discussion • Any initial feedback on the Sulaymaniyah displacement situation? Agreement? • What are the priority groups in Sulaymaniyah and why? • Have we covered all the key issues? Is there any information that we have left out that we should consider/include? • Any thoughts on the intentions of the Sulaymaniyah IDPs, specifically the intentions to return and those who intend to remain? February 2021 13
Coffee/Tea Break February 2021 14
Understanding Sulay obstacles to
return
• General obstacles in all Governorates (March 2020 Intentions Survey results)
o Housing damaged/destroyed, trauma associated with areas of origin, lack of security forces in
AoO, lack of livelihood opportunities, lack of financial means to return
• General needs for IDPs from all Governorates (March 2020 Intentions Survey results)
o Needs: Improved safety and security, improved basic services, rehabilitation of houses, improved
livelihoods,
• Specific SAD:
o Needs: Access to information on conditions in AoO
• Specific Babylon (Mussayab):
o Obstacle : Presence of mines in AoO
• Specific Diyala (Muqdadiya):
o Obstacle : Fear of discrimination/ Needs: NFI and Furniture
February 2021 15Categories of Obstacles
• Humanitarian and development actors have found that usually the obstacles
faced by in camp and out of camp are similar and we have grouped the
obstacles into 3 categories as below:
CATEGORY CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3
Service or material obstacles Community reconciliation, dialogue and social Safety and security obstacles
obstacles
Main issues Resource, material and individual service needs, in Social cohesion Issues Access and security related challenges
both areas of origin and areas of displacement
Return Obstacles • Damaged / destroyed housing • Ethno-religious tension, protection • Areas blocked (security
• Land tenure and other HLP issues • Perceived ISIS affiliation (allowed to return by forces/militias/disputed areas)
• Lack of economic opportunity / jobs authorities but fearful of revenge, reprisal, • House occupation (by armed groups)
• Mental health issues (e.g. trauma, depression, PTSD, community acceptance) • Perceived ISIS Affiliation (blocked from return
etc.) • Other issues preventing acceptance of returnees by authorities)
• Lack of basic services (water, electricity, education, by communities (e.g. mental health) • Lack of security clearance
health, etc.)
• ERW / UXO / IED contamination *Communities facing these challenges may also face *Communities facing these challenges may also
• Debris preventing reconstruction category 1 issues face category 1 and category 2 issues
• Lack of basic documentation/ protection services
February 2021 16Discussion
• How do we address the obstacles?
(i) What are the interventions that can be done in AoO? Locations in
SAD, Diyala, Baghdad, Anbar?
(ii) What type of interventions do we need in areas of
displacement?
-- Solutions for those who cannot return as intentions surveys
demonstrated? (Short-term)
---Solutions and interventions for those who do not want to return as
intension surveys demonstrated? (Long-term)
(iii) How can we prioritise these interventions?
(iv) Are there any interventions already happening?
(v) Who can lead on these/who should support?
February 2021 17Coffee/Tea Break February 2021 18
Principles and frameworks around solving
protracted displacement
19Discussion—IDPs as citizens right
holders
• What rights do Iraqi citizens, including IDPs, have?
• Where do these rights come from?
• Are there any specific policies that apply in Sulaymaniyah
around IDPs? If yes, what are these?
February 2021 20Overview: international frameworks
• From looking at IDP rights in Iraq and Sulay, we now look at what
rights IDPs have in international law.
• Understanding the guiding principles and durable solutions
frameworks
• IDP rights and durable solutions
• Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (1998)
• Interagency Standing Committee (IASC) Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally
Displaced Persons (2010)
• Before we go into the frameworks, what do we understand by the
term durable solutions?
February 2021 21Guiding Principles on Internal
Displacement
“These Principles, which are based upon existing international
humanitarian law and human rights instruments, are to serve as an
international standard to guide governments as well as international
humanitarian and development agencies in providing assistance and
protection to IDPs” – Developed in 1998 and widely recognized
international now
▪ Introduction
▪ Part I: General principles
▪ Part II: Protection against displacement
▪ Part III: Protection during displacement
▪ Part IV: Humanitarian assistance
▪ Part V: Return, resettlement and reintegration
30 principles in total
https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/fil
es/documents/files/%28Guiding%20Principles%20on%20Internal%20Displaceme
nt%20%28Arabic%29.pdf
February 2021 22Guiding Principles of Internal
Displacement
▪ The Guiding Principles reflect international human rights and humanitarian
law.
▪ Over 20 states developed national laws and policies on internal
displacement, incorporating or making reference to the Guiding Principles.
February 2021 23Guiding Principles • Some examples of the 30 principles state the following: • Principle 1: IDPs shall enjoy full rights and freedoms as other people in the country. • Principle 3: National authorities have primary responsibility and duty to provide protection and humanitarian assistance to IDPs. • Principle 6: Protection against arbitrary displacement. Displacement should not last longer than necessary. • Principle 14: Freedom of movement and liberty to choose residence. • Principle 28: Authorities have the primary duty and responsibility to establish conditions and provide means, which allow IDPs to return voluntarily, in safety and dignity to their homes or resettle in another part of the country. February 2021 24
Rights-Based February 2021 25
IASC DS Framework 2010
▪ Guiding principle 6: “displacement should last no longer than required by the
circumstances”
▪ Principles 28-30 set out rights of IDPs to DS, the responsibilities of national
authorities and the role of humanitarian actors to assist durable solutions.
▪ We’ll look at:
❑ Defining when a durable solution has been achieved
❑ Explaining what the 3 pathways towards durable solutions are
❑ Durable Solutions Key principles
❑ Durable Solutions Criteria/Conditions
February 2021 26When is a durable solution
achieved?
Open questions: When does an IDP stop being an IDP?
When IDPs “no longer have any specific assistance and protection needs that are
linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination
on account of their displacement”.
IASC framework on durable solutions
So the concept of durable solutions is ‘an end goal’ we know a durable solution has been
achieved when IDPs no longer have needs associated with their displacement and they
can enjoy human rights without discrimination.
February 20213 pathways to durable solutions A durable solution can be achieved through: ❖Sustainable return to place of origin ❖ Sustainable local integration in areas of displacement ❖Sustainable resettlement and integration in another part of the country February 2021
Group Exercise on the durable
solutions
What are the pros/cons and needs of return and local integration? 20minutes
• Group A-From the perspective of IDPs
• Group B-From the perspective of Government
• Group C-From the perspective of Host Community
15 minute feedback from the three groups (appointment of a person in each group
to give feedback)
February 2021Summary and Wrap Up
30Key Points • Situation Overview –Many IDPs hosted in Sulaymaniyah, need to prioritise groups, locations and types of intervention. In some cases, return is challenging due to the types of obstacles. Agreement on displacement situation and priorities. • Durable Solutions –International guideline and frameworks that help us to understand what a durable solution is, understanding the pathways to solutions, sustainable return, sustainable integration and sustainable resettlement. February 2021 31
Summary • What are the national and governorate level laws and policies that protect IDP rights • There are also international frameworks and laws that protect IDP rights • Achieving durable solutions is a long process and the pathways to achieving give government options in situations where some pathways are not possible February 2021 32
NEXT DAY PRIORITIES
• Continuation of DS principles--- Durable Solutions Framework key
principles and criteria/conditions
• Durable solutions stakeholders, who are they and why we should
engage them
• Inter-governorate coordination
February 2021 33LUNCH February 2021 34
DAY TWO
35Day 2 Agenda & Intro
Time DAY TWO
9:30 – 9:45am Introduction and recap from previous day
9:45-10:45am Durable Solutions Continued: Principles and Criteria
10:45-11:05am COFFEE BREAK
11:05am-12pm Stakeholder identification and engagement
12:00 – 12:15pm COFFEE BREAK
12:15- 13:00pm Inter governorate coordination (Quiz)
13:00-13:30 pm Evaluation and Wrap up
February 2021 36IASC Framework – Key principles ▪ Government responsibility and Lead ▪ Access for humanitarian and development initiatives and monitoring ▪ IDPs’ rights, needs and legitimate interests are the primary concern ▪ IDPs’ inclusion: Information, consultation and participation ▪ Respect for IDPs’ options ▪ Prohibition of coercion ▪ Non-discrimination ▪ Support for host communities in cases of local integration ▪ Continued protection under HRL and IHL * The Principles are meant to ensure a successful approach, where they have been applied the results have been successful and where they have not, it has led to failure. February 2021
Voluntary, Informed and Dignified
1. Informed and Voluntary
• Solutions comply with the right to freedom of movement and choice of residence
(including opportunity to visit return or resettlement areas)– guiding principle 14
• Forced return and resettlement is prohibited – guiding principle 15. Should be
physical, legal and material safety en route and in areas of return
2. Dignity:
▪No conditional return
▪At IDPs’ own pace
▪No manipulation
▪No arbitrary separation of families
▪Respect for human rights and non-discrimination
February 2021Coercion Exercise What examples can we think of that could qualify as ‘soft coercion’ and ‘hard coercion’ February 2021
Coercion consequences
Coercion/forcing decision or solutions on IDPs may mean that….
(i) IDPs may end up in secondary displacement (may move IDPs from camps
into informal sites) transfer of the problem than solving it
(ii) Tensions within communities may lead to instability
(iii) Could result in making IDPs more vulnerable and expose them to unsafe
conditions
February 2021Consultation in decision making and
respect for options
• Consulting IDPs on solutions is important for planning, allows authorities to
know where to focus limited resources
• IDP preferences and options should be respected because it makes
achievement of DS sustainable. IDPs should not be pressured to
return/integrate too early/quickly
• In the event of planning on local integration as a pathway, host communities
should also be consulted and supported.
February 2021IASC Framework – Criteria/Conditions
for DURABLE solutions
1. Long-term safety and security
2. Adequate standard of living
3. Access to livelihoods and employment
A solution is not
4. Mechanisms for resolving HLP disputes durable until we work
5. Documentation towards these criteria –
6. Family reunification needs to be sustainable
7. Participation in public affairs
8. Remedies and justice
and long lasting
February 2021Criteria • Not expected to meet all criteria right now before people return– idea is to work towards the criteria, we know we can’t solve everything- benchmarks to gauge the extent to which durable solutions have been achieved or not • The conditions also apply to the IDPs who have returned and not just to the IDPs who are in displacement. Remember when durable solutions are achieved…. • Each displacement situation entails policy choices about the criteria to prioritise • Meeting the criteria requires a lot of different actors to support February 2021 43
Coffee/Tea Break February 2021 44
Durable Solutions –Stakeholders
45Overview • Important to consider all the different actors involved in supporting/ enabling the achievement durable solutions for the purpose of effective planning. • Lead role of government • Importance of IDP consultation and participation guiding decision-making • Other actors (humanitarian/development/private sector etc) play a supportive role February 2021 46
Who are the relevant stakeholders?
What role do they have?
February 2021 47Mukhtars
FedPol
Ministry of
Health Service Host
Ministries Communities
Compensation International Mayor office
Local (district)
Department and Local
NSS Authorities
Communities
Ministry of Peshmerga
Education MoMD
Religious Mayor office
Institutions UN Agencies PM (sub district)
Security Asayish
Actors Ministry of IDPs
Planning
Affected JCMC
Communities INGOs COMSEC
Iraqi Army MOLSA Returnees PMF
Community
Leaders Governor JCC
Local Police Intelligence
office
Agency
February 2021Local Service Security International Affected
Authorities Ministries Actors and Local Communities
Communities
• PM • MoMD • Iraqi Army • UN Agencies • IDPs
• COMSEC • Ministry of Planning • FedPol • INGOs • Returnees
• Governor office • MOLSA • Local Police • NGOs • Host Communities
• Mayor office (district) • Ministry of Health • NSS • CPCC • Triable Committees
• Mayor office (sub district) • Ministry of Education • Intelligence Agency • Compensation Department • Sheikhs
• JCMC • Ministry of Justice • CTS • Local Associations • Mukhtars
• JCC • Ministry of Water Resources • Peshmerga • Youth Councils • Community Leaders
• Ministry of Electricity • Asayish • Religious Institutions • Intellectuals
• Ministry of Agriculture • PMF • Charitable Societies • Clergy Men
• Ministry of Transportation
February 2021 49February 2021 50
Iraq Durable Solutions Architecture
in Iraq
• Complimentary (supportive) role of humanitarian/development/private
sector
• Under the leadership of the Humanitarian and Resident Coordinator
(DSTF, RWG, DSTWG and the Durable Solutions structures at the areas
based structures)
• These structures include humanitarian and development actors who KRI
authorities already engage with who have different technical expertise,
mandates and responsibilities.
• They also play a role in engaging with donors to support programs and
projects around durable solutions.
February 2021 51Discussion • How do we involve these entities and groups in planning? • What’s the best way to communicate with the different actors? • How do we ensure perspectives of local level are also reflected at governorate level? • How do we ensure perspective of different groups are reflected? February 2021 52
Coffee/Tea Break February 2021 53
Inter-governorate coordination
54Inter-governorate coordination • Given that some of the majority of IDPs in Sulaymaniyah are from so many different governorates what are the existing co-ordination mechanisms that exist between Sulay and these other governorates? • How does coordination between Sulay and these governorates of origin work? • If they do not exist what can be improved and what kind of issues need to be addressed between the governorates? Is it needed? • Highlight the importance of inter-gov coordination and how it can help facilitate durable solutions for IDPs, linkages among the MOMD offices and JCCC and JCMC linkages? February 2021 55
Assessment: Fun Quiz February 2021 56
Summary
57SUMMARY • Context of KRI is complex---Many affected people – need to prioritise among groups, even if a phased approach as all IDPs should be supported eventually e.g. vulnerable returnees, IDPs in camps and critical shelter, but still making sure that the more difficult cases are also addressed • Even after prioritizing groups, also need to prioritise interventions – can’t solve all problems, agreed on most urgent • Requires significant investment and effort from a number of actors, with ultimate lead and responsibility of authorities • To resolve displacement, focus on return as a pathway may not be sufficient for some groups February 2021 58
SUMMARY • Durable solutions framework and principles help to inform what these other pathways to solutions can be and how this can be achieved in a principled manner • Importance of including IDPs in planning and decision making • Importance of inter-governorate coordination with governorates of origin. February 2021 59
DISCUSSION
Key Conclusions from two days? Questions?
February 2021 60You can also read
