VEHICLE EMISSIONS, AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM - SERGIO SANZ BEDATE, LIFE GYSTRA FINAL CONFERENCE

LIFE16 ENV/ES/00082

                      Vehicle emissions,
           an environmental problem
                         Sergio Sanz Bedate,
                          Researcher, CARTIF
                           serbed@cartif.es

                                               LIFE GySTRA Final
                                               Conference
                                               June 28th 2021

LIFE GySTRA overview                                                      https://www.lifegystra.eu/

    Duration
    - From Sept 2017
    - To June 2021

    Budget
    - 1,567,625.00

    Main objective:

    Implementation of a new and solid sustainable mobility policy based on empirical
    information related to traffic emissions.

Effects of air pollution       https://www.lifegystra.eu/

 • Human health

 • Ecosystems

 • Climate change

 • Construction and heritage

 • Economic impacts

Pollution problems                                                                          https://www.lifegystra.eu/

 Human health

            Source EEA: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/healthy-environment-healthy-lives

Pollution problems                                                                                  https://www.lifegystra.eu/

 Ecosystems
 NOx and NH3 generate a nutrient overload. This
 leads to eutrophication of ecosystems.

 NOx and SOx cause increased acidification of the
 land, resulting in loss of biodiversity.

 Climate change
 Climate variations affect to pollution removal drivers like transport, dispersion or deposition.
 Higher temperatures will lead to increased O3 formation.

Pollution problems                                                                     https://www.lifegystra.eu/

 Construction and heritage
 Pollution causes corrosion, biodegradation,
 erosion and discoloration in architecture.

 Economic impacts
 Health problems, forest and crop yields,
 heritage and climate have a direct and
 indirect impact in the economy.

                                               San Pablo church, Valladolid, 2002 (left), 2021 (right)

Emissions Sources in EU-27                                                  https://www.lifegystra.eu/

     Total emissions:
4,4 emissions (Gt CO2-eq.)

                             Adapted form Eurostat referring to year 2018

Road emissions sources                      https://www.lifegystra.eu/

                      Fugitive
   Main contributor

    Exhaust

                                 Abrasion of tyres
                                 and breaks

Regulation                                                                       https://www.lifegystra.eu/

             Traffic is responsible for 60% of the total emissions in major urban areas

  How are vehicle emissions controlled?                         How is air quality managed?

    Euro Type                                                       Local air quality plans
                           Periodic technical
     approval                 inspection                                    (LEZ)

Exhaust real emissions                                                          https://www.lifegystra.eu/

              Small part of the fleet (3% - 5%) is responsible of large share
              of exhaust emissions 25% - 40%. (OPUS RSE, 2016)

                                  Engine malfunctioning, bad maintenance, deterioration,
                                  driving-style or intentional tampering are the main causes

                                  Vehicle age is not the only factor.
                                  A malfunctioning Euro 6 can be as pollutant as Euro 1.

Regulation Weakness                                                         https://www.lifegystra.eu/

  Euro Type approval
  Pre-sale
  Laboratory tests and real driving cycles under very specific conditions
  Large differences between real driving emissions and homologated ones

  Periodic technical inspection
  Inspections at year 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12… (in Spain)
  Focus on safety rather than environment.
  Current framework do not requires measuring NOx and PN

  Local air quality plans
  Regulations based on car age and not in real world performance

How can we improve the system             https://www.lifegystra.eu/

                                With

                         Remote Sensing

https://www.lifegystra.eu/

            Thank you for your attention

                                  Dolores Hidalgo, PhD
Sergio Sanz Bedate
                                Head of Circular Economy
    Reseacher
                                  Project Coordinator

  serbed@cartif.es                   dolhid@cartif.es
  +34 983 54 65 04                   +34 983 54 65 04