AFGHANISTAN COUNTRY FACT SHEET 2021 - Returning from Germany
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AFGHANISTAN
COUNTRY FACT SHEET 2021
Photo: IOM 2021/ Angela Wells
PUBLISHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) GERMANY Charlottenstraße 68 10117 Berlin Germany T. +49 911 43 000 F. +49 911 43 00 260 iom-germany@iom.int www.germany.iom.int This project is funded by the German Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF). The information contained in this Country Fact Sheet was researched with best intentions and care. However, IOM Germany assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions. Furthermore, IOM Germany cannot be held accountable for conclusions or deci- sions drawn from the information provided in this Country Fact Sheet. For further information on voluntary return and reintegration, please visit the information portal www.ReturningfromGermany.de, or contact your local return and reintegration office.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. HE ALTH C ARE 2 . L ABOUR MARKET 3. HOUSING 4. SOCIAL WELFARE 5. EDUC ATION 6 . CHILDREN 7. CONTACTS 8 . AT A GL ANCE
1 HEALTH CARE
General information on health care National Insurance Company will
spend up to 50,000 USD for their
Although there are a handful of pri- beneficiaries if certain conditions are
vate insurance companies, they charge met. The annual fee for the Afghan
comparatively high fees which a vast National Insurance Company amounts
majority of the local people cannot to 1,000 USD.
afford. There is no public health insu-
rance in Afghanistan. Previously health
services were provided free of charge in
governmental hospitals. However, hos- Availability of medical facilities and
pitals have been charging service fees. doctors
Patients should purchase the medicines Medical assistance is available both in
from the Bazar except for emergency rural provinces and bigger cities, albeit
cases. As a general approximation, the the range of services on offer differs
Afghan Ministry of Public Health set dramatically. Medical facilities in rural
out the following price list for medical areas are not well equipped and far
services: from international standards. At times,
• Routine tests 10 AFN it can be difficult to find specialists on a
district or local level. In most districts,
• ECG 20 AFN nurses are responsible for medical
• Biochemic 30 AFN treatment instead of doctors. On a
• Ultrasound 30 AFN local level, predominantly in villages,
• EEG 30 AFN health workers provide medical assis-
• Simple x-ray 50 AFN tance to people in need. These health
• Echocardiography 50 AFN workers refer complicated cases to
provincial or zonal hospitals. Surgical
• Serologic 70 AFN operations can almost exclusively be
• Digital x-ray 100 AFN handled in provincial hospitals and
• Endoscopy 100 AFN above. On a district level, first aid and
• Mamography 100 AFN minor surgeries are available at the
• Minor surgery 100 AFN most. The quality of medical facilities,
• Hospitalization 200 AFN and the availability of doctors tend to
go hand in hand with a district’s se-
• Histopathologic 250 AFN curity situation. Less service (if any) is
• CT-Scan 250 AFN provided in insecure areas.
• MRI 500 AFN
• Major surgery 500 AFN
Admission to medical facilities
Generally, there is no specific proce- The returnee is required to present
dure. Physically or mentally disabled their national ID (Tazkira) to a hospital
persons as well as victims of abuse are where they get registered and refer-
advised to build on family and com- red to the respective doctor. In public
munity support. The private Afghan hospitals, the doctor fee per visit is
1 HEALTH CARE
20 AFN. For more details please refer
to the above-mentioned public health Access for returnees
system. In private hospitals, there is a Eligibility and requirements: Any Afghan
fee of 200 to 1,500 AFN, for a doc- holding his or her national ID can get
tors visit, and 1,000 to 5,000 AFN, access to public health services.
for hospitalization per night. In urgent Registration procedure: No public health
cases, hospitals try to offer immediate insurance is available.
treatment. Patients advised considering
their family and community to orga- Required documents: The returnee
nize transportation and to purchase is required to present the national ID
(Tazkira) to a hospital where they get
necessary medication and food while registered and referred to the respective
hospitalized. doctor.
Availability and costs of medication
Returnees should be prepared to be
referred to private medical stores to
purchase their required drugs. The cost
of these drugs may vary depending on
location, availability, origin, and quality.
General information on COVID-19
Information on the current situation of
the COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan
is available at the following website:
https://moph.gov.af/en/node/1412
There is a special phone number «166»
set up by the Ministry of Public Health
to distribute information about testing
centers or to give information when
someone has signs and symptoms
of COVID-19. Furthermore, there
are hospitals and testing centers in
Kabul and all provinces. The centers
are accessible to all people without
exceptions. Photo: IOM 2021/ Muse Mohammed
2 LABOUR MARKET
General information on labour market in this sector represent roughly 60% of
the total workforce, i.e. three out of five
Afghanistan still heavily depends on people trace back their main source of
international economic assistance. income to farm-related activities. This
Because of the continued political and share can be significantly higher in rural
economic insecurity in the country, areas. The second largest employment
combined with a trade deficit and sector is dominated by small-scale and
environmental factors, growth rates oftentimes family-based trade activi-
are stalling. Companies and investors ties. These include retail, petty trade,
are rather reluctant to invest which and shop keeping. The third largest
hinders the job creation process. employment sector encompasses
According to the World Bank (2020), services and construction. The public
the total labor force in Afghanistan sector is another key source of em-
amounts to 11.082.536 people. This ployment opportunities in urban areas,
number includes those aged 15 and where it accounts for about 158,000
older who meet the International jobs, 18.80% of which are located in
Labor Organization’s definition of an the Kabul province (data from 2014).
economically active population. 21,77% The manufacturing sector only plays a
of Afghanistan’s active labor force are minor role. It accounts for 5.0% of total
female. Agriculture is the largest em- employment nationwide (2014). The
ployment sector in Afghanistan. People Afghan government (2019) estimates
Photo: IOM 2021/ Muse Mohammed
2 LABOUR MARKET
that a person’s average income lies Education. Additionally, there are se-
in between 80-120 USD per month. veral technical and vocational schools
The GDP per capita (PPP) is 499 UAD which provide professional trainings:
2020) Afghanistan Technical Vocational
Institute Karte e Char Next to MOHE
(Ministry of Higher Education Kabul
Finding employment City Email: hr@atvi.edu.af
For employment in the public sector, the Rifah Afghanistan Institute Hesa e Se,
Civil Service Commission Management Khair Khana, 3rd Street Kabul City
Directorate (CSMD) of the Civil Service
Commission and Administrative Reform
announces vacant positions online: Access for returnees
http://www.iarcsc.com Eligibility and requirements: No specific
Vacant positions with NGOs, as well as assistance available for the returnees.
with international and local companies, Registration procedure: Not available.
are gathered on these websites:
Required documents: National ID plus
• www.acbar.org the individuals educational or vocational
• www.jobs.af training certificates, it depends on the
• www.afghanjobs.org job in case the person found it in the
• unjobs.org/ market by himself/ herself.
duty_stations/afghanistan
Unemployment assistance
General information on public and/
or private unemployment assistance:
There is no assistance during the du-
ration of unemployment. However,
the returnee can get information on
relevant jobs through the Ministry of
Labour and Social Affairs, and through
ACBAR (www.acbar.org), an NGO
based in Afghanistan. The returnee is
advised to send their CV to both orga-
nizations and ask for consultation.
Further education and training
Public schools are owned by the
Government and managed under the
line management of the Ministry of
3 HOUSING
General information on housing
Access for returnees
The rent for an apartment ranges from
Requirements: Returnees can visit
200 USD up to 350 USD. The mon- property dealers who deals with this
thly living expenses can go up to 350 service, and it is widely available.
USD (2020) for a higher living stan-
dard. These numbers apply for a family • Kabul property: Address, Qala
household, and for the central part of E Musa, 10th district, Kabul city,
Kabul where facilities like security, water Contact No# +93 782 798 055
supply, schools, clinics, and electricity are • Zia Ghaznawi property dealers:
more available. Living in rural areas, both Address, Dasht Barchi, Jada e
rental costs and living expenses can de- Mazari, Kabul city. Contact No#
crease by more than 50%. Utilities like +93 745427724
electricity and water cost no more than Registration procedure: IOM Kabul can
40 USD per month, but depending on provide samples of required supporting
the consumption, costs might be higher. documents. All necessary documents will
There is a high number of apartments be collected, checked with the returnee,
and houses for rent in Kabul as well as and verified.
in other provinces. Usually, the costs in Required documents: National ID and
Kabul are higher than in other provinces. two passport photos are needed.
There are private property dealers in
the cities that can provide information
regarding rental premises.
Finding accommodation
Returnees can be provided with a
two-week accommodation in the IOM
reception center at Spinzar Hotel after
their return (1,425 AFN per night). The
cost should be covered by the sending
mission/country.
PD#1, Puli Bagh Omomi
Kabul city
Phone: +93 (0) 70 744 3020/
+93 (0) 799 44 5210
Social grants for housing
There is no information available re-
garding social grants for housing in
Afghanistan.
3 HOUSING
Photo: IOM 2007/ Katsui Kaya
4 SOCIAL WELFARE
Social welfare system specific number of years in employment
is not compulsory. State employees do
There are no public social welfare ser- not need to contribute financially to
vices available in Afghanistan except for the pension system. Once retired, the
the free education service provided by former state employees’ pension is paid
the government. Information can be out in cash by the government.
retrieved in the respective sections of
this document.
Vulnerable groups
Pension system
People in vulnerable situations can get
Pensions are only available in the public access to public services, for instance
sector. The usual retirement age is if the person is physically handicapped.
between 63 and 65 years in public orga- For individuals who have neurological or
nizations. However, this may differ from mental problems, adequate assistance is
case to case. The retiree receives bene- more cumbersome. They can receive
fits for the actual time of employment. A treatment at the respective hospitals
Photo: IOM 2018/ Amanda Nero4 SOCIAL WELFARE
(Ali Abad Mental Hospital) and through
the Red Crescent Organization. Social Access for returnees
welfare amounts to 60,000 AFN per Pension system: There is no pension
annum, which does not cover all the available for people returning to
living costs. Afghanistan voluntarily or by force. The
normal retirement age in Afghanistan
is 65. After 40 years of employment,
retirement is also possible, regardless of
age. Voluntary retirement is also possible
after having reached 55 years of age and
having worked for 25 years.
Photo: IOM 2021/ Angela Wells5 EDUCATION
General information on education education for all students, access to
university is based on academic merit.
Two educational systems exist parallel Those interested must pass entry exa-
to each other in Afghanistan. Religious minations with a good score. For private
education is the responsibility of clerics institutions, there are no stipends or
at mosques, while the government pro- loans available for returnees.
vides free academic education at state
schools. From age 6 to age 10, pupils
attend primary schools where they learn
the basics of reading, writing, arithmetic, Approval and verification of foreign
and their national culture. diplomas
At the first stage, documents such as
Educational Level Age diploma or degree certificates need
Child care / nursery school 0,5 – 3 to be sent to the ministry of foreign
affairs in Afghanistan. The ministry will
Kindergarten 3–6 accept these documents for verification
Elementary School 6 – 10 on the condition that they already had
Middle School 10 – 15 been verified by the ministry of foreign
affairs of the issuing country in the first
High School 15 – 19 place. Afterwards, the documents will
Colleges, Universities, from 19 be referred to the ministry of higher
Professional schools education for final recognition, before
being ultimately handed to the holder
Three years of middle school follow. of the degree or diploma.
Students must pass an examination at
the end of the phase if they wish to
continue their studies. At secondary
schools, students have the choice to
either continue an academic path for 3
years that could perhaps lead to univer-
sity or studying subjects such as applied
agriculture, aeronautics, arts, commerce,
and teacher training instead.
Cost, loans, and stipends
Tuition in public educational institutions
from primary until university level is free
of charge, but the transportation and
purchasing stationary such as note-
books, bags and pens should be covered
by the students. Private schools and
universities will charge tuition fees. As
the government cannot provide higher Photo: IOM 2007/ Barat Ali Batoor5 EDUCATION
Photo: IOM 2007/ Barat Ali Batoor
Access for returnees
Registration procedure: The individual
needs to go to the ministry of education
(Maarif department).
Required documents: National ID plus
the persons school certificates that are
verified in the foreign country.6 CHILDREN
General situation of children and infants and 14 work for a living or to help their
families. Many are employed in jobs that
Afghanistan has made noticeable pro- can result in illness, injury, or even death
gress in the last two decades in creating due to hazardous working conditions
a better environment for children to and poor enforcement of safety and
survive, develop, thrive, and get pro- health standards.
tected from various types of violence.
There are more children in school now • 55% of people live in poverty
than a decade ago. Positive changes are • 1 child in 15 dies before their
also apparent in newborn, infant, child 5th birthday - 10 times that of
and maternal health. Relatively, there is a the United States
better child protection system stretching • 41% of children suffer from
from national to district levels. New stunting due to malnutrition
child-friendly laws, policies, and program- • 42% of school-age children
mers are in place to advance the rights are out of school
of children to education, healthy life, and • 29% of children are engaged
better protection. Notwithstanding the in child labor
above, Afghanistan is still characterized • 17% of girls age 15-19 are
by formidable challenges such as a quar- married
ter of Afghan children between ages 5
Photo: IOM 2016/ Matthew Graydon6 CHILDREN
• 1 in 15 girls between age
15-19 gives birth Access for returnees
• 15% of the population Requirements: There is no need to bring
forcibly displaced due specific documents.
to conflict
• 76% of girls age 15 and older
Immediate steps upon return: There
struggle to read or write is no specific steps to be taken upon
return.
(Non-) governmental actors dealing
with children’s well-being and rights
Save the Children works to save
Afghanistan’s hardest-to-reach children
by offering them protection, emotional
support, healthcare, nutrition and the
opportunity to learn. Working closely
with local communities in Afghanistan,
Save the Children designs Sponsorship
programmes to help vulnerable children
from early childhood to early adulthood
– giving them a healthy start in life, the op-
portunity to learn and protection from
harm along the way. Contact: Mariam
Atahi Mariam.atahi@savethechildren.
org, T. +93 728972030, 5t h
street, Taimani, Kabul city
UNICEF provides support to children
as nutrition, health, child protection
and education, Contact: Omid Fazel,
ofazel@unicef.org, T. +93 799987113
Jalalabad Road, Kabul city Photo: IOM 2016/ Matthew Graydon7 CONTACTS
International Organization for United Nations Food and United Nations Assistance in
Migration (IOM) Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Afghanistan (UNAMA)
UN Agency for Migration Ministry of Agriculture, Animal UN Agency for Peace and
Address: Street No. 4, House Husbandry and Food Jamal Development
No. 27, Ansari Square, Mena Kabul, Afghanistan Address:Shah Mahmood Ghazi
S hahr- e - N aw, Kabul, UN Agency for Agriculture sector Wat, PO Box 5, Shar-e-Naw,
Afghanistan. + 93 20 210 1722/ + 93 (0) 70 Kabul
iomkabul@iom.int 277 471 (mobile)
www.iom.int fao.af@fao.org
Agency Coordinating Body for UNICEF Kabul Country Office United Nations High
Afghan Relief and Development Children’s rights, protection Commissioner for Refugees
(ACBAR) Address: United Nations (UNHCR)
Relief and Development Office Complex in Afghanistan UN Refugee Agency
ACBAR Office Kabul (UNOCA) Jalalabad Road Address: 41, Jadi Solh PO Box
Address: Chahar Rahi Shaheed, Kabul, Afghanistan 3232, Kabul
Kabul city +93 (0) 79050 7000 + 93 (0) 20 200 38 12
+ 93 (0) 700282090 Kabul@unicef.org AFGKA@unhcr.org
E03Tel@unhcr.org
Ahmad Samir Sharifi Property Afghanistan Holding Group Kabul property dealer
Dealer Professional business services Housing agency
Housing agency Address: Building 21, Ministry Address: Qalay Musa,
Address: Shop # 4, 3rd Line, of Rural Rehabilitation and 10th street, Kabul city
New Market, 3rd Makrorian, Development (MRRD) Street +93 (0) 7822798055
District # 9, Kabul Darulaman, District 6, Kabul,
+93 (0) 700 085 776 Afghanistan, +93 (0) 79 600 0111
info@ahg.af
Jamhoriat Hospital: Maiwand Hospital Indira Ghandi Children Hospital
Located in Sidarat Square, Located in Jada-e-Maiwand, Located in Wazir Akbar Khan,
Kabul. Specializing in surgery Kabul. Specializes in treating Kabul. Spezialised in internal
Hospital, medical services skin problems. medicine, orthopedic and ge-
T. +93 (0) 20 220 1375 Hospital, medical services neral surgery.
Dr. Mohammad Essa Qanei T. +93 (0) 20 210 0447 Hospital, medical services
(Deputy Chief of Surgery) Dr. Kohdamani, Chief of +93 (0) 20 230 2281 Dr. Noor-
+93 (0) 700 237 390 Maiwand Hospital ul-Haq Yosufzai
+93 (0) 70 286 994
Helping Empower the Woman Children in Crisis (CIC) Afghan Women Resource
of Afghanistan Children’s rights, protection Centre (AWRC)
Women empowerment Address: Hs. 41, Jami Watt, Women empowerment
Address: House 319, Street 1, Charahi Shahid Kabul City Address: House No. 221, Street
Karte 3, District 6, Kabul T. +93 (0) 70 281 401/ +93 (0) 2 Qali-Fathullah, Sector 10
+93 (0) 786 505505 79 337 816 +93 (0) 70 280 179/ +93 (0) 79
Kabul@weafghanistan.org cicafg@ceretechs.com 203 056
www.childrenincrisis.org.uk7 CONTACTS
AIMS Afghanistan Information CHA (Coordination of Agency for Rehabilitation
Management Service (AIMS) Humanitarian Assistance) and Energy Conservation in
Information, communication Emergency Aid Afghanistan (AREA)
Technology Address: Hs. 1&2, St. 3, West of Empowering communities
Address: 3rd street, Qalay e Baharistan Park, Karte Parwan Address: Hs. 12, st 6, Khwaja
Fatullah, Kabul city Kabul City Mullah Ln. Darulaman Rd, Karte
+93 (0) 70 024 8827 +93 (0) 70 291 722 She Kabul City, Kabul
+93 (0) 20 250 0268
area@pes.comsats.net.pk
World Health Organisation Habibi property dealer Ataturk Children’s Hospital:
(WHO) Housing agency Located near Kabul University.
Global health Address: Bagrami district, Kabul Hospital, medical services
Address: House No. 249, Street +93 (0) 766666162 T. 020 250 0312
10, Wazir Akbar Khan Dr. Zmarai Haseen
+ 93 (20) 230 0181/ + 93 (0) 70 +93 (0) 799 034 242
279 010 011 Dr. Aminuddin Shefajo (Chief of
whoafghanistan@hotmail.com Hospital)
+93 (0) 700 151 544
Noor Eye Hospital Wazir Akbar Khan Hospital Malalay Maternity Hospital
Located in Deh Bori near Kabul Hospital, medical services Hospital, medical services
University Located opposite the ANA Located in Shahrara.
Hospital, medical services (“400 Bed”) Hospital in the +93 (0) 20 220 1377
T. +93 (0) 20 210 0446 Dr. Wazir Akbar Khan District of
Reshad Siddeqyar, Chief of Eye Kabul. Specializing in orthope-
Hospital dic work.
+93 (0) 70 279 445 +93 (0) 20 230 1360
Save The Children Rabia-I-Balki Maternity Hospital
Children’s rights, protection Hospital, medical services
Address: Darul Aman, Located in downtown Kabul,
Kabul city near the Foroshgha-e-Bozorg
+93 (0) 730 70 70 70 Afghan
+93 (0) 20 210 0439
International Labour United Nations Development
Organisation (ILO) Programme (UNDP)
UN Agency for Labour rights and Global development network
standards Address: PO Box 5 GPO, UNDP
Address: C/O UNDP, Shah Country Office
Mahmood Wat. Kabul Jalalabad Road , U NOC A
+ 93 (0) 70 275 811/ + 93 (0) Complex
70 277 868 Kabul, Afghanistan
david-ilokabul@hotmail.comPhoto: Unsplash 2020/ Mohammad Rahmani
8 AT A GLANCE
Measures to be taken before return Measures to be taken upon arrival
• Documents: Request documents • Travel documents: Ensure that
from German authorities which travel documents are stamped by
may be required for attending the Afghan immigration authority
school, courses, college, or upon crossing the immigration
kindergarten. These documents check. This is important for (a) the
should be verified by the Afghan returnee as well (b) organizations
embassy in the host country. It is supporting them. The stamp
highly recommendable that any confirms the date the returnee re-
vocational training be certified and enters Afghanistan so that they can
subsequently verified by the Afghan be registered with the migration
embassy in the host country as authority. If the stamp is missing,
well. the returnee risks getting social,
legal, or financial assistance denied.
• Transportation: Obtain information
concerning the arrival at the airport • Registration: Register with relevant
and the onward journey. Note that authorities.
the Salang Pass on the way towards
Mazar-e-Sharif and other northern • Support Services: Contact services
provinces may be impassable due assisting with the search for jobs
to heavy snowfall. and housing.
• Vaccination: Check their own and • Education: apply for childcare,
their children’s vaccination records. schools, or other educational
Although there are no specific institutions.
requirements, it is advisable to be
protected against polio, hepatitis
B, influenza, and others. These
vaccinations are available in the
host country.
• Airport pick-up: Establish contact
with their family to ensure that
relatives are present at the airport
of arrival to receive them.You can also read
