AP English Language and Composition Summer 2021 Assignment
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AP English Language and Composition
Summer 2021 Assignment
Mrs. Barnes
Schoology Group: AP Lang 2021 Summer Group
Access Code: HTQD-23RF-SWMZJ
barnesp@manateeschools.net
Welcome to AP English Language and Composition! This course focuses on the art of rhetoric –
effective communication through persuasive writing and analytical reading. Throughout the year
you will be presented with opportunities to analyze and appreciate a variety of messages in a variety
of forms, including speeches, essays, letters, advertisements, memoirs, documentaries, editorial
cartoons, and newspaper columns. This assignment will give you a sampling of the skills needed to
critically analyze the effectiveness of those messages and also strengthen your writing. The summer
assignment will prepare you for both success in the course and ultimately success on the AP exam
by familiarizing you with some of the many literary terms we will be using throughout the year.
You will also practice the art of critical reading as you read a nonfiction selection of your choosing
and reflect on both content and language.
Summer Assignment Due Date: Friday August 13
As you are working on the summer assignment, please do not hesitate to reach out with any
questions you may have. I look forward to meeting each of you in August and guiding you as you
master the art of rhetoric!1. RHETORICAL TERMS NOTEBOOK
Throughout the year you will encounter a variety of rhetorical and literary terms. The following list contains many of
these more common terms. This assignment will provide you with a foundation necessary to be a strong critical
reader.
Instructions: For this assignment you will create a mini terms notebook. Ideally your notebook will be the size of a
paperback book, but it can be larger (spiral bound or a 3-prong paper folder filled with paper will also work). We will
be adding to this list throughout the year so make sure there are plenty of empty pages. First copy the word in a bright
color or highlight them. Then copy the definition. Finally locate an example on your own.
(helpful sites: literaryterms.net, literarydevices.net, litcharts.com).
1. Alliteration: The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.
2. Allusion: An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.
3. Analogy: An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.
4. Anaphora: The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.
5. Anecdote: A short account of an interesting event.
6. Annotation: Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.
7. Antecedent: The noun to which a later pronoun refers.
8. Antimetabole: The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.
9. Antithesis: Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.
10. Aphorism: A short, astute statement of a general truth.
11. Appositive: A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.
12. Archaic diction: The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.
13. Aristotelian triangle: A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the
subject, and the audience (also referred to as rhetorical triangle).
14. Assertion: An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.
15. Assumption: A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.
16. Asyndeton: Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. Attitude: The speaker’s position on a
subject as revealed through his or her tone.
17. Audience: One’s listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.
18. Claim: An assertion, usually supported by evidence.
19. Colloquialism: An informal or conversational use of language.
20. Complex sentence: A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
21. Concession: A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.
22. Connotation: That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word’s literal meaning (see denotation).
23. Context: The circumstances that may have influenced a message.
24. Counterargument: A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.
25. Cumulative sentence An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional
detail (also referred to as a loose sentence).
26. Declarative sentence: A sentence that makes a statement.
27. Deduction: Reasoning from general to specific.
28. Denotation: The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. Diction: Word choice.
29. Elegiac: Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.
30. Ethos: A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle’s three rhetorical appeals (see logos
and pathos).
31. Euphemism: Saying something harsh in a gentler way
32. Exigence: The specific reason a message was created; the situation that prompted the writer to speak out.
33. Hyperbole: Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.
34. Imperative sentence: A sentence that requests or commands.
35. Induction: Reasoning from specific to general.
36. Inversion: A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.37. Irony: A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.
38. Juxtaposition: Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.
39. Logos: A Greek term that means “word”; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle’s three rhetorical appeals (see ethos
and pathos).
40. Metaphor: A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else,
thus making an implicit comparison.
41. Metonymy: Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.
42. Occasion: An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.
43. Oxymoron: A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.
44. Paradox: A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.
45. Parallelism: The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.
46. Parody: A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.
47. Pathos: A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one
of Aristotle’s three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos).
48. Personification: Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.
49. Polemic: An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.
50. Polysyndeton: The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions
51. Premise: major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from
the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor
premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism).
52. Propaganda: A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.
53. Refute: To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.
54. Rhetoric: The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the “available means of
persuasion.”
55. Rhetorical modes: Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not
limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification,
classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.
56. Rhetorical question: A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.
57. Satire: An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.
58. Scheme: A category of figurative language that involves structure or patterns in sentences, specifically balance,
word order, omission, and repetition.
59. Simile: A figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things
60. Straw man: A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then
attacking an opponent’s position.
61. Style: The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures
of speech.
62. Subordinate clause: Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.
63. Syllogism: A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise
(see premise; major, and minor).
64. Syntax: Sentence structure.
65. Synthesize: Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.
66. Thesis statement: A defensible statement of the central idea in a work.
67. Tone: The speaker’s attitude toward the subject or audience.
68. Trope: A category of figurative language that includes elements which affect meaning and which can be
subdivided into reference, wordplay, substitution, overstatement, and understatement.
69. Understatement: Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.
70. Voice: In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a
distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.II. Critical Reading and Two-Column Notes
The ability to read a variety of texts and not only understand the author’s message, but recognize the impact his or her
rhetorical choices make on that message is a fundamental skill that we will develop this year. This assignment will
prepare you to become a stronger critical reader by having you analyze a text both as a reader and as a writer.
Instructions:
First you will will choose one book to read from the list below This list was developed using recommendations from
College Board, AP English Language curriculum, and award-winning non-fiction with a Lexile score of 1100 or above.
The content of some of these selections may be sensitive in nature. Parents are advised to review the list, read summaries
of the books, and assist students in determining which books are appropriate for them. Amazon.com provides a “first
look” for many of the novels where students can preview a chapter before making their selection. After selecting your
book you will read and analyze both the content and the language using a two-column chart. The left side of your chart
will contain entries and page numbers from the text and the right side of the text will contain your thoughts about the
selection on the left. You are required to have at least 20 entries total (but you can have more!). Your first 10 entries will
focus on content – what stands out to you or is interesting? Entries 11-20 will focus on the language and style of the
author – look at the syntax (sentence structure), diction (word choice), descriptions, imagery, metaphors, etc.
Title of Book and Author
Content (Read Like a Reader) Reflection on Content
1.
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7.
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10.
Language and Style (Read Like a Writer) Reflection on Language and Style
11.
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20.Book Choices: Cullen, Dave. Columbine. What really happened April 20, 1999? The horror left an indelible stamp on the American psyche, but most of what we "know" is wrong. It wasn't about jocks, Goths, or the Trench Coat Mafia. Dave Cullen was one of the first reporters on scene, and spent ten years on this book-widely recognized as the definitive account. With a keen investigative eye and psychological acumen, he draws on mountains of evidence, insight from the world's leading forensic psychologists, and the killers' own words and drawings-several reproduced in a new appendix. Cullen paints raw portraits of two polar opposite killers. https://all-med.net/get/ebook.php?id=zGd2DwAAQBAJ&file=Columbine Allison, Jay. This I Believe: The Personal Philosophies of Remarkable Men and Women Based on the NPR series of the same name, This I Believe features 80 Americans, from the famous to the unknown, completing the thought that begins with the title. The pieces that make up the program will compel listeners to rethink not only what and how they have arrived at their own personal beliefs, but also the extent to which they share them with others. Featuring a star-studded list of contributors that includes John McCain, Isabel Allende, and Colin Powell (as well as pieces from the original 1950s series that included Helen Keller and Jackie Robinson), the collection also contains essays by a Brooklyn lawyer; a woman who sells yellow-pages advertising in Fort Worth, Texas; and a man who serves on Rhode Island's parole board. The result is a stirring, funny, and always provocative trip inside the minds and hearts of a diverse group of Americans whose beliefs, and the incredibly varied ways in which they choose to express them, reveal the American spirit at its best. Bowden, Mark. Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World’s Greatest Outlaw. A tour de force of investigative journalism- Killing Pablo is the story of the violent rise and fall of Pablo Escobar, the head of the Colombian Medellin cocaine cartel. Escobar's criminal empire held a nation of thirty million hostage in a reign of terror that would only end with his death. In an intense, up-close account, award-winning journalist Mark Bowden exposes details never before revealed about the U.S.-led covert sixteen-month manhunt. With unprecedented access to important players—including Colombian president Cisar Gaviria and the incorruptible head of the special police unit that pursued Escobar, Colonel Hugo Martinez-as well as top-secret documents and transcripts of Escobar's intercepted phone conversations, Bowden has produced a gripping narrative that is a stark portrayal of rough justice in the real world. https://www.readbookpage.com/get/ebook.php?id=uMQ3tY2gOJYC&file=Killing%20Pablo Dwyer, Jim and Kevin Flynn. 102 Minutes: The Untold Story of the Fight to Survive Inside the Twin Towers. At 8:46 a.m. on Sept. 11, 2001, fourteen thousand people were inside the World Trade Center just starting their workdays, but over the next 102 minutes, each would become part of a drama for the ages. Of the millions of words written about this wrenching day, most were told from the outside looking in. New York Times reporters Jim Dwyer and Kevin Flynn draw on hundreds of interviews with rescuers and survivors, thousands of pages of oral histories, and countless phone, e-mail, and emergency radio transcripts to tell the story of September 11 from the inside looking out. Hillenbrand, Laura. Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption. In boyhood, Louis Zamperini was an incorrigible delinquent. As a teenager, he channeled his defiance into running, discovering a prodigious talent that had carried him to the Berlin Olympics. But when World War II began, the athlete became an airman, embarking on a journey that led to a doomed flight on a May afternoon in 1943. When his Army Air Forces bomber crashed into the Pacific Ocean, against all odds, Zamperini survived, adrift on a foundering life raft. Ahead of Zamperini lay thousands of miles of open ocean, leaping sharks, thirst and starvation, enemy aircraft, and, beyond, a trial even greater. Driven to the limits of endurance, Zamperini would answer desperation with ingenuity; suffering with hope, resolve, and humor; brutality with rebellion. His fate, whether triumph or tragedy, would be suspended on the fraying wire of his will. Kotlowitz, Alex. There Are No Children Here: The Story of Two Boys Growing Up in The Other America. A story of two young brothers growing up in an infamous project in Chicago known as Horner Homes. The book spans 4 years and deals mostly with describing how the boys are affected by poverty, violence, drugs, gangs and run-ins with the police. This book takes you into the Projects, where you can almost feel the frustration, fear, and hopelessness that the Rivers family and their neighbors lived with on a daily basis. Won the Robert F. Kennedy Award for Journalism.
Fairweather, Jack. The Volunteer: The True Story of the Resistance Hero who Infiltrated Auschwitz. In the Summer of 1940, after the Nazi occupation of Poland, an underground operative called Witold Pilecki accepted a mission to uncover the fate of thousands of people being interred at a new concentration camp on the border of the Reich. His mission was to report on Nazi crimes and raise a secret army to stage an uprising. The name of the detention centre -- Auschwitz. This is the first major account of his amazing journey, drawing on exclusive family papers and recently declassified files as well as unpublished accounts from the camp’s fighters to show how he saved hundreds of thousands of lives. The result is an enthralling story of resistance and heroism against the most horrific circumstances, and one man’s attempt to change the course of history. Johnson, Steven. Everything Bad is Good For You: How Today’s Popular Culture is Actually Making Us Smarter. Forget everything you’ve ever read about the age of dumbed-down, instant-gratification culture. In this provocative, unfailingly intelligent, thoroughly researched, and surprisingly convincing big idea book, Steven Johnson draws from fields as diverse as neuroscience, economics, and media theory to argue that the pop culture we soak in every day has been growing more sophisticated with each passing year, and, far from rotting our brains, is actually posing new cognitive challenges that are actually making our minds measurably sharper. Land, Stephanie. Maid: Hard Work, Low Pay, and a Mother’s Will to Survive. In this memoir about her years spent working as a maid while raising her daughter, Stephanie Land explores the underbelly of upper-middle class America and the reality of those people in service to them. It is an eye-opening exploration of poverty in America. Larson, Erik. The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America Erik Larson—author of #1 bestseller In the Garden of Beasts—intertwines the true tale of the 1893 World's Fair and the cunning serial killer who used the fair to lure his victims to their death. The Devil in the White City draws the reader into a time of magic and majesty, made all the more appealing by a supporting cast of real-life characters, including Buffalo Bill, Theodore Dreiser, Susan B. Anthony, Thomas Edison, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, and others. Combining meticulous research with nail-biting storytelling, Erik Larson has crafted a narrative with all the wonder of newly discovered history and the thrills of the best fiction. Moore, Kate. The Radium Girls: The Dark Story of America's Shining Women. The Curies' newly discovered element of radium makes gleaming headlines across the nation as the fresh face of beauty, and wonder drug of the medical community. From body lotion to tonic water, the popular new element shines bright in the otherwise dark years of the First World War. Written with a sparkling voice and breakneck pace, The Radium Girls fully illuminates the inspiring young women exposed to the "wonder" substance of radium, and their awe-inspiring strength in the face of almost impossible circumstances. Their courage and tenacity led to life-changing regulations, research into nuclear bombing, and ultimately saved hundreds of thousands of lives Noah, Trevor. Born A Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood. Trevor Noah’s unlikely path from apartheid South Africa to the desk of The Daily Show began with a criminal act: his birth. Trevor was born to a white Swiss father and a black Xhosa mother at a time when such a union was punishable by five years in prison. Living proof of his parents’ indiscretion, Trevor was kept mostly indoors for the earliest years of his life, bound by the extreme and often absurd measures his mother took to hide him from a government that could, at any moment, steal him away. Finally liberated by the end of South Africa’s tyrannical white rule, Trevor and his mother set forth on a grand adventure, living openly and freely and embracing the opportunities won by a centuries-long struggle. Born a Crime is the story of a mischievous young boy who grows into a restless young man as he struggles to find himself in a world where he was never supposed to exist. It is also the story of that young man’s relationship with his fearless, rebellious, and fervently religious mother—his teammate, a woman determined to save her son from the cycle of poverty, violence, and abuse that would ultimately threaten her own life. https://all-med.net/get/ebook.php?id=N97UCwAAQBAJ&file=Born%20a%20Crime Yousafazi, Malala. We Are Displaced: My Journey and Stories from Refugees Around the World. Malala's experiences visiting refugee camps caused her to reconsider her own displacement - first as an Internally Displaced Person when she was a young child in Pakistan, and then as an international activist who could travel anywhere in the world except to the home she loved. In We Are Displaced, which is part memoir, part communal storytelling, Malala not only explores her own story, but she also shares the personal stories of some of the incredible girls she has met on her journeys - girls who have lost their community, relatives, and often the only world they've ever known.
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