BUILDING COMMUNITY TOGETHER - Keep Hanoi Clean
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BUILDING COMMUNITY TOGETHER
Current Environmental Challenges in Hanoi Presented by Douglas Snyder General Director, Keep Hanoi Clean
Growth Land Air Water KHC
Hanoi Is Growing 7.7 million people, at 2% per year 8.5% annual GDP growth (more than country at 6.5%+ on average)
An Expanding Middle Class GNI per capita • 1990 – $130 • 2000 - $410 • 2010 - $1,250 • 2017 - $2,170
Growth Land Air Water KHC
Green Space is Only 2sqm/person
th
1/10 that of Other Major Cities
A Transition From Sustainable Packaging to Plastic
Littering is Common From - • Motorbikes • Cars • Shops • Markets • Trucks • Home Windows
“Balayeur de Rue” to the Rescue?
Improperly Disposed Waste Has Varied and Serious Impacts
Government Has Goals,
But Challenges Continue
• Recycle, burn for energy, or turn into fertilizer, 85% of waste by 2025
BUT…
• Lack of fertilizer conversion facilities
• 80% of VN landfills are unhygienic and leach untreated wastewater
• Recycling plants
• 90% no environmental officer
• 94% no waste water treatment
• 84% no waste gas treatmentGrowth Land Air Water KHC
Vietnam Air Pollution is Harmful • Direct affects - asthma, emphysema, heart disease, cancer • Indirect affects – particulates settling onto farmland and water • 42,200 early deaths in 2015 • 2017 daily average = 2x worse than national standard and 5x worse than WHO standard • Days violating national standards = 99 • Days violating WHO standards = 257 • Average AQI = 103
Causes Are Diverse,
With Some Specific Drivers
1. Seasons
2. Coal fired power plants (20 around Hanoi - especially Quang Ninh)
3. Industrial emissions
4. Personal vehicles (5.5 million)
5. Construction
6. Rice chaff and stalks
7. Trash
8. Coal and charcoal burning for kitchen hearths (being phased out)
9. Prayer offerings
10. CigarettesGet an App, a Filter, and a Good Mask
Vietnam Government Has A Plan June 2016, “National Action Plan for Air Quality Management Until 2020” 70 more air quality monitoring stations 64 more coal plants approved but considering wind/solar
Growth Land Air Water KHC
Hanoi Is Experiencing Some
Serious Water Woes
• Ho Tay 2017 - 200 tons of fish
Eutrophication + Sewage + Phosphates from Detergents plankton
blooms oxygen depletion
• Hoan Kiem and Nui Coc reservoir- Cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins
(HABs Harmful Algal Blooms)GoV Has Several
Remediation
Efforts For Lakes
• Floating vegetated islands
• Flocculants
• Beneficial microorganisms
• Water exchanges, fountains,
aeration pipesAn Old Complex Drainage System 1) Stormwater 2) household greywater 3) septic tank overflow streams and canals 112 lakes To Lich, Kim Nguu, Set, Lu, Nhue, and Red Rivers Ocean
Over 80% of Hanoi Households Use Groundwater for Tap Water • Ammonia at 6 to 18 times the maximum allowable • Arsenic at 2 to 3 times the maximum allowable • Widespread contamination including E. coli bacteria
GoV Has Ambitious Goals • Provide 90% of the urban population with access to safe drinking water • Collect and treat 100% of the urban wastewater by 2020
GoV Plans to Improve Both
Water Supply and Treatment
• Use water from the Da, Red,
and Duong Rivers
• Yen So treatment plant – 1/2
of Hanoi’s waste water
• Eight additional wastewater
treatment plantsFor Hanoi To Be Classed As A Green And Clean City By 2030, It Must - 1. Expand its green spaces 2. Reform and modernize its solid waste collection and treatment processes 3. Reduce air pollution from all sources 4. Remediate and protect its lakes, rivers and canals 5. Continue on the path of fully remediating its municipal wastewater releases
Growth Land Air Water KHC
KHC Aims to Help Via 7 Pathways 1. Clean Land Program 2. Clean Air Program 3. Clean Waters Program 4. Education 5. Eco-products 6. Sustainable F&B 7. CSR Consulting
Thank You!
Photo Credits Banana leaf wrap –https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Fermented_pork_wrapped_in_leaves.jpg Hanoi Aerial - https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjvre7ajOXeAhVHzLwKHXiDC8YQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fww w.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fnamho%2F3522022495&psig=AOvVaw3uZSXvLQCsS0Emx14CJkoU&ust=1542875900038494 Family motorbike - https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6088/6161289029_27d574cd16_b.jpg Street Sweeper https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Street_cleaner%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam.jpg Mosquito https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi2ovK5ouXeAhUKXbwKHWTUCq0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fp ixabay.com%2Fen%2Fmosquito-female-aedes-albopictus-1332382%2F&psig=AOvVaw12ZJRG0zjqi4YUecNvZWic&ust=1542882239592890 Cows https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Jaipur_cows_eating_trash.JPG Beach Mui Ne https://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/travel/157491/binh-thuan-authorities-take-action-following-russian-tourist-s-complaint-about-polluted-beach.html HEPA https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1938/4351/products/Quest_H5_Hepa_Filter_-_4031864_1024x1024_2x_0bbb3f3f-a05a-4e03-a3ff- f40ed38ab72b_530x@2x.jpg?v=1497371068 AQI chart http://www.sparetheair.com/assets/aqi/PM2017.png Totobobo https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71qtM7U-NGL._SX466_.jpg To Lich River http://img.cdn2.vietnamnet.vn/Images/english/2015/09/23/09/20150923095401-envir-tolich.jpg Tap water https://www.opencollege.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/how-safe-is-our-tap-water-to-drink-e1472590593214-855x599.jpg Yen So Sewage Plant https://www.coninco.com.vn/sites/default/files/417_nha_may_xu_ly_nuoc_yen_so.jpg Dead fish Ho Tay https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/OlsYFVv09ctmCj0VmlKAGbT_tG3jEgA2Ug7yZbi8hGMIAPgnKbJ25jP0bXS70Nr91XAt9luRdEGW6zFkCh8Rk6Q=s750 Vegetated island https://cdn.telanganatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/neknampur-lake-750x375.jpg
References Nguyen, N., (2017, Aug 27). Trash talk: Vietnam slowly sinking under mountains of waste. VNExpress International. Retrieved from https://e.vnexpress.net/projects/vietnam-slowly-sinking-under-mountains-of-waste-3633166/index.html Geyer, R., Jambeck, J., Law, K. (2017, July 19). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Retrieved from http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782 Vi Vu (Sep 2017). Hanoi air is unsafe most of the time, coal plants blamed. VNExpress International. Retrieved from https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/hanoi-air-is-unsafe-most-of-the-time-coal-plants-blamed-3638973.html Nguyen, T.A.T., Blume, L. (2017) Air Quality Report: Air quality in Vietnam 2017. Green Innovation and Development Centre. Retrieved from http://en.greenidvietnam.org.vn/view-document/5af836ca5cd7e87c49ee7e52 Ocean Conservancy (2017). Stemming the Tide: Land-based strategies for a plastic-free ocean. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahleung/2018/04/21/five-asian-countries-dump-more-plastic-than-anyone-else-combined- how-you-can-help/#5fd90b401234 http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam https://www.pwc.com/vn/en/publications/2017/spotlight-on-vietnam.pdf http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=14277
GoV Has Been Mostly Focused on Non-Environment Infrastructure
Community Development Fund Financial mechanism that promotes community driven approach in addressing urban poverty and pro-poor urban development planning & management in partnership with government agencies & stakeholders.
Implementation in Vietnam - Community Development Fund (CDF) - Urban art hacks: open public space for everyone 1. Urban Playgrounds 2. Garbage to Garden 3. Art for better spaces
Urban playgrounds
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