CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 - May 2021
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CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 May 2021
Acknowledgements
CAFF Designated Agencies:
• Norwegian Environment Agency, Trondheim, Norway
• Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
• Faroese Museum of Natural History, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
• Finnish Ministry of the Environment, Helsinki, Finland
• Ministry for Agriculture, Self Sufficiency, Energy and Environment, Government of Greenland
• Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Garðabær, Iceland
• Russian Federation Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Moscow, Russia
• Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
• United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska
CAFF Permanent Participant Organizations:
• Aleut International Association (AIA)
• Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC)
• Gwich’in Council International (GCI)
• Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) – Greenland, Russia, Alaska and Canada
• Russian Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON)
• Saami Council
This report should be cited as: CAFF (2021). Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program Strategic Plan: 2021-
2025. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna International Secretariat: Akureyri, Iceland. ISBN 978-9935-431-98-1
or
Christensen. T., Coon, C., Fletcher, S., Barry, T., and Lárusson, K.F. 2021. Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program
Strategic Plan: 2021-2025. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna International Secretariat: Akureyri, Iceland. ISBN 978-
9935-431-98-1
This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view
a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cover photograph: Fieldwork in Svalbard, Norway by Lawrence Hilsop.
Funding and support: CBMP is co-led by the Kingdom of Denmark and the United States. On behalf of the U.S.:
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; on behalf of the Kingdom of Denmark: the Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus
University.
Layout and technical production: Nuka Research and Planning Group, LLC.
For more information please contact:
CAFF International Secretariat
Borgir Norðurslóð
600 Akureyri
Iceland
www.caff.is
CAFF Designated Area
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 5
2. THE CBMP IS AN ADAPTIVE MONITORING PROGRAM............................ 6
3. 2021-2025 CBMP STRATEGIC PLAN...................................................... 7
4. CBMP GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2021-2025........................................... 8
Goal 1: CBMP remains relevant by providing high quality information
about biodiversity trends and drivers to support evidence-based
decision making at the global, national, regional, and local levels.......... 8
Goal 2: The CBMP is an adaptive, integrated monitoring programme
that provides timely information about status, trends, and changes in
Arctic biodiversity and ecosystems.....................................................10
Goal 3: CBMP is sustainable and its organizational structure
facilitates achievement of its goals..................................................... 11
5. MILESTONES, ACTIVITIES, AND ANTICIPATED COSTS:.......................... 12
6. REFERENCES...................................................................................... 14
CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 Arctic Char, Greenland. Photograph: Dan Bach Kristensen/Shutterstock.com 4 2021 | CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025
1. INTRODUCTION
The Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program The CBMP is an international network of scientists,
(CBMP) is the biodiversity monitoring program of the States, Indigenous organizations, and conservation
Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), the groups working to harmonize and integrate efforts to
biodiversity working group of the Arctic Council. monitor the Arctic Biodiversity, including the Arctic’s
living resources in an ecosystem based and holistic
The overall goal of the CBMP is to facilitate more rapid
approach. The CBMP’s efforts are organized around
detection, understanding, prediction, communication,
the major ecosystems of the Arctic: coastal freshwater,
and response to the significant biodiversity-related
marine, and terrestrial. It utilizes existing monitoring
trends and pressures in the Arctic. CBMP does this by:
capacity in the Arctic through enhanced coordination
• Standardizing, coordinating, and enhancing and integration of established monitoring resources.
existing Arctic monitoring efforts; The CBMP organization builds on a network of networks
approach, and the overall organizational chart can be
• Collecting and harmonizing relevant biodiversity found in Figure 1.
data, including increasing data accessibility,
thereby improving the ability to detect and This Strategic Plan defines the overarching goals of
understand significant trends; and, the CBMP for 2021-2025 and outlines objectives and
relevant activities in support of those goals. It guides
• Reporting to, and communicating with, key the management of the program and helps ensure the
decision makers and stakeholders, thereby program’s continued relevance to the needs of the Arctic
enabling effective conservation and adaptation States, Permanent Participants, Scientific and Arctic
responses to changes in Arctic biodiversity. communities, and International and other partners.
CBMP creates a platform to inform policy and decision- This strategy can be regarded as a living document and
making at the global, national, regional, and local levels will be subject to revision as needed to ensure it is aligned
and improve understanding of Arctic biodiversity. with CAFF Priorities. In this regard, and important
milestone will be to revise and update the strategy in
The CBMP has been recognized by the UN Convention
2023 as part of CAFF´s work on the new Action Plan for
on Biological Diversity (CBD) and is the official Arctic
Biodiversity. As part of this work CAFF will then publish
Biodiversity Observation Network of the Group on
an updated version of the Strategic Plan.
Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network
(GEOBON).
CAFF Board
CBMP Coordination Committee
and Technical Team
CBMP Terrestrial CBMP Freshwater CBMP Coastal CBMP Marine
Steering Group Steering Group Steering Group Steering Group
National Expert Networks National Expert Networks
(under development)
Sea Ice Marine
Vegetation Avian Invertebrate Mammal Plankton Benthos Fish Seabirds
Biota Mammal
Expert Expert Expert Expert Expert Expert Expert Expert
Expert Expert
Network Network Network Network Network Network Network Network
Network Network
Figure 1: The CBMP organizational chart. The CAFF Board directs the development of the CBMP. A coordinating team of CBMP
co-chairs (Kingdom of Denmark and U.S.) and the CAFF Secretariat is responsible for coordination. A Steering Group directs
implementation of each Arctic Biodiversity Monitoring Plan. Expert Networks have been established or identified among
existing expert groups under each Steering Group to conduct implementation activities.
CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 | 2021 5
Walrus, Eastern Greenland. Photograph: Wildestanimal/Shutterstock.com
2. THE CBMP IS AN ADAPTIVE MONITORING PROGRAM
The CBMP’s four Arctic Biodiversity Monitoring Plans, interactions. Each plan identifies Focal Ecosystem
one for each ecosystem (Coastal, Freshwater, Marine, Components (FECs) which may indicate changes in the
Terrestrial), follow the steps required for an adaptive ecosystem and/or the environment. The CBMP seeks
(question-based) ecosystem-based monitoring program to aggregate the best available scientific, Indigenous,
(Figure 2). This ecosystem-based approach integrates and local knowledge whenever possible to inform our
information across ecosystems, species, and their perspectives.
Identify FECs to monitor and report
Identify key monitoring and report targets
New knowledge
Based on SABR key findings
User needs and questions
Advice for future
monitoring
Based on SABRs
Science Continued
Indigenous Knowledge implementation
Local knowledge • Sampling methods
Experiments
• Scale to use Lessons learned
• Description of FECs
Existing networks • Implementation plan
Scoping workshop
Data Collection
Analysis New technology
Methods, analysis, etc.
Reporting and Communication
e.g. State of the Arctic Biodiversity Report (SABR) or New hypothesis
other major products dependent on target group
Figure 2: The CBMP takes an adaptive, ecosystem-based approach to monitoring. User needs and questions, conceptual
ecosystem models with identified FECs, and existing monitoring networks guide the four CBMP Steering Groups (coastal,
freshwater, marine, and terrestrial) in their development. Monitoring outputs (data) feed into the reporting and decision-
making processes (data, communication, and reporting). The State of the Arctic Biodiversity Reports (SABRs) are major
outputs from CBMP. The findings then feed back into the CBMP making adaptive changes possible.
6 2021 | CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025
3. 2021-2025 CBMP
STRATEGIC PLAN
This CBMP Strategic plan defines three overarching
goals for the CBMP:
• Goal 1: CBMP remains relevant by providing
high quality information about biodiversity
trends to support decision making at global,
national, regional, and local levels.
• Goal 2: The CBMP is an adaptive, integrated
monitoring program that provides timely
information about status, trends, and changes in
Arctic biodiversity and ecosystems.
• Goal 3: The CBMP is sustainable and its
organizational structure facilitates achievement
of its goals.
For each goal, a series of objectives and activities is
identified. Tracking activities against these goals,
and objectives and activities will provide a reporting
framework to evaluate progress.
The strategy builds upon previous CBMP Strategic
Plans. It focuses on following up on the outcomes and
lessons learned from the State of the Arctic Biodiversity
Reports (CAFF 2017; 2019; 2021) to continue improve
monitoring and reporting; continue integration across
the four CBMP monitoring groups; ensure more targeted,
integrated, and flexible reporting across ecosystems;
identify new issues; support and guide the four CBMP
Steering Groups and expert networks; and ensure the
program sustainable and relevant to multiple audiences.
In order to enhance CBMP’s ability to deliver
information to decision-makers, the Strategy emphasizes
engagement with Arctic Council working groups as
well as relevant global initiatives including the post-
2020 global biodiversity framework. CAFF recognizes
the importance of utilizing Indigenous Knowledge and
Local Knowledge within its activities. With the approval
of the Coastal Monitoring Plan (Jones et al 2019), the
first co-production of knowledge platform within the
Arctic Council that supports the bringing together of
Indigenous Knowledge, and science through a co-
production of knowledge approach was agreed upon by
the Arctic Council. The intention is for CBMP to enhance
the use of all knowledge sources including (Science,
and Indigenous and Local Knowledge). CAFF is placing
a stronger focus on a co-production of knowledge and
endeavouring to enhance the meaningful engagement
of Permanent Participants and Indigenous Knowledge
within CBMP. Finally, this fourth CBMP Strategic Plan
will be aligned with and support the new Action Plan
for Arctic Biodiversity 2023-2030 currently under
development.
FIshing village, Lofoten Islands, Norway. Photograph: Rayints/Shutterstock.com
CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 | 2021 7
4. CBMP GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2021-2025
GOAL 1: CBMP remains relevant by providing high quality information about biodiversity trends and
drivers to support evidence-based decision making at the global, national, regional, and local levels.
Objective 1.1: Through dialogue with Arctic States and Permanent Participants, identify and address
priorities where CBMP information could support reporting and decision-making.
• Activity 1: CBMP Co-leads offer to arrange annual meetings with CAFF Board members, during each 2-year
Arctic Council chairmanship period to gain direct input on priorities related to CBMP and to ensure progress
is communicated and discussed nationally.
• Activity 2: Initiate a process to evaluate how CBMP is most relevant and can meet future needs for States,
Permanent Participants, and other stakeholders.
Objective 1.2: Ensure that the CBMP Strategy is aligned with the new Action Plan for 2020-2030.
• Activity 1: Engage in the development of the new Action Plan for Biodiversity.
• Activity 2: Revise the CBMP Strategic Plan as needed to support priorities in the new Action Plan for 2020-
2030.
Objective 1.3: Strengthen International Collaborations that enhance the use of CBMP products and data
among others via the Arctic Biodiversity Data Service (ABDS), as well as support CAFF’s framework of
agreements with international biodiversity-relevant conventions and organisations.
• Activity 1: Continue development of the Arctic Biodiversity Dashboard as a means for tracking and reporting
target progress towards global biodiversity targets at national and regional scales.
• Activity 2: Take national, circumpolar, and global needs into account when planning follow-up to the SABR
for example, by creating a case study to explore how CBMP can address other reporting requirements e.g.,
EU directives and the Global Biodiversity Framework, or Integrated Ecosystem Assessments.
• Activity 3: Deliver key findings and advice from the CBMP to CAFF’s partners.
• Activity 4: Ensure that data generated by CBMP are made available via the ABDS and are accessible to
relevant international partners. Ensure data interoperability with these partners where possible, e.g., the
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS).
• Activity 5: Maintain strategic links with other Arctic Council groups, relevant organizations, and initiatives;
and grow linkages as relevant.
Objective 1.4: Include where relevant Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge in CBMP.
• Activity 1: Improve inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge within CBMP through a co-production of knowledge
approach to inform better decision-making.
Colorful deep arctic fauna north of Iceland caught in an annual ground fish survey. Photo: Svana, © MFRI
8 2021 | CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025
Thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) resting at Alkefjellet, Svalbard. Photograph: Gail Johnson/Shutterstock.com
• Activity 2: Use the Arctic Biodiversity Congress in 2022/23 as an opportunity to consider how Indigenous
Knowledge and Local Knowledge are used in CBMP and ways to enhance engagement, e.g., through associated
meetings and sessions.
• Activity 3: Include Indigenous Knowledge and Local Knowledge where relevant in revisions of Arctic
Biodiversity Monitoring Plans (e.g., when considering follow-up on the State of the Arctic Biodiversity
Reports).
Objective 1.5: Promote awareness of the CBMP and its value towards improving decision-making, for
example develop outreach material specific to each State and PP that presents nationally relevant key
findings and activities of the CBMP.
• Activity 1: Ensure more effective, flexible, up-to-date, and interactive communication of CBMP products and
outcomes, including e.g., learning materials, workshops and participatory approaches merging science and
art.
• Activity 2: CAFF Secretariat will, together with CBMP Co-leads and CBMP Steering Groups, develop, test, and
promote a toolkit for use by Arctic States and PPs for dissemination of products, which can be tailored based
on the product, etc. If possible, the pilot-project will be made as a follow-up to the SAFBR and START.
• Activity 3: Where possible, support translation of key documents and findings from CBMP activities into
languages other than English.
• Activity 4: Develop national one-page updates on activities related to each of the CBMP monitoring plans that
include short, country-specific progress reports on SABR follow up, where relevant.
• Activity 5: Support development of peer-reviewed scientific articles based on CBMP efforts to ensure access
in scientific literature of CBMP outcomes, e.g., through production of Journal Special Issues.
• Activity 6: Continue to produce headline indicators.
• Activity 7: Continue to produce annual newsletters to keep the scientific community informed of CBMP news,
events, and initiatives.
• Activity 8: Facilitate increased meaningful engagement of Permanent Participants and the knowledge systems
they represent.
• Activity 9 Facilitate increased participation of young scientists in CBMP activities, e.g., through internships.
• Activity 10: Continue improving networking and coordination for experts e.g., through annual meetings and
supporting National and Expert Networks.
CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 | 2021 9
GOAL 2: The CBMP is an adaptive, integrated monitoring program that provides timely information
about status, trends, and changes in Arctic biodiversity and ecosystems.
Objective 2.1: Integrate lessons learned and advice for monitoring outlined in the SABRs into next steps
of CBMP.
• Activity 1: After completion of major products such as SABRs, CBMP will initiate a scoping process to evaluate
and prioritize FECs as indicators of change. This process will use lessons learned and SABR key findings and
advice and result in a revised monitoring plan or long-term implementation plan.
• Activity 2: Review and consider lessons learned, when developing work plans.
Objective 2.2: Evaluate the effectiveness of existing and new methods and technologies as a tool to
support biodiversity monitoring and assessment.
• Activity 1: Continue to improve and update Arctic Biodiversity Monitoring Plans based upon the SABR advice
and lessons learned.
• Activity 2: Explore the use of remote sensing and e-DNA in CBMP activities.
• Activity 3: Consider impacts of stressors and drivers, including cumulative impacts, within reviews of the
Arctic Biodiversity Monitoring Plans.
• Activity 4: Consider how to understand the impact and effect of extreme events (e.g., wildfires, invasive
species, extreme weather events etc.) on biodiversity, within revisions of Arctic Biodiversity Monitoring Plans.
Objective 2.3: Identify expert networks relevant for CBMP.
• Activity 1: Invite relevant networks to participate in the CBMP, including regional, Indigenous, and citizen
science networks, e.g., eBird, iNaturalist.
• Activity 2: Enhance engagement of experts from Observer states and organisations.
Objective 2.4: Increase access to Arctic biodiversity data.
• Activity 1: Further develop interoperability of the ABDS with national and global data centres to facilitate
access to existing and new data.
• Activity 2: Continue to work with Steering Groups, Expert Networks, and partners (such as the Arctic Spatial
Data Infrastructure) to improve and consider issues of data access, visualization, metadata, comparison, and
standardization.
• Activity 3: Develop a data management manual describing the flow of data from the field to CAFF assessments,
including the harmonization of data across sites and scales.
• Activity 4: Increase the awareness of the ABDS amongst target audiences and other partners, including
industry and other sectors.
Objective 2.5: Continue and strengthen cross-cutting activities among the CBMP Steering Groups.
• Activity 1: Hold bi-monthly telephone meetings between CBMP Co-leads and CBMP Steering Group Co-Chairs
align and coordinate activities between CBMP Steering Groups. In-person meetings will also be held in
conjunction with CAFF Board meetings when possible.
• Activity 2: Consider how to develop more targeted and integrated reporting
• Activity 3: Initiate steps to integrate work between the four groups.
• Activity 4: Design and develop a plan to include modelling and predictive science within CBMP, to be aligned
with the 2023 CAFF Action Plan for Biodiversity.
• Activity 5: Conduct a landscape analysis of existing synergies within CBMP and other CAFF initiatives, as well
as Arctic Council working groups, including the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) and the
Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME), to be aligned with the 2023 Action Plan for Biodiversity.
10 2021 | CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025Objective 2.6: Via expert networks, develop user manuals and test implementation of CBMP Arctic
Biodiversity Monitoring Plans in the field.
• Activity 1: CBMP Terrestrial and Freshwater Groups will, together with the CAFF Secretariat and the CBMP
Co-leads, continue to work on best practices for field trials on selected FECs and, as resources allow, produce
site-specific user manuals at selected stations.
• Activity 2: CBMP Marine and Coastal Group will together with the CBMP co-leads consider how to replicate
Activity 1 and/or implement these approaches into the Marine and Coastal Monitoring Plans.
• Activity 3: The CAFF Secretariat will, through the CAFF webpage and the ABDS, publish recommended
methods and link to internationally agreed-upon standardized monitoring methods to implement CBMP
monitoring at monitoring stations.
GOAL 3: CBMP is sustainable and its organizational structure facilitates achievement of its goals.
Objective 3.1: Program coordination and organization is sustainable.
• Activity 1: Improve capacity related to CBMP core functions and implementation through cost sharing
methods.
• Activity 2: Ensure that each Steering Group continues to have a designated Coordinator to help with
coordination and key deliverables.
• Activity 3: Sustain Steering Group structure including coordination or other needed support for each group,
and ensure clear and timely scheduling of meetings, agendas, notes, etc.
• Activity 4: Align future production of Steering Group workplans in a similar format to facilitate integration
efforts.
• Activity 5: Each CBMP Steering Group will continue to produce annual progress reports and workplans to
help track progress and define future tasks.
• Activity 6: Facilitate that CBMP Steering Groups and Expert networks have the necessary participation as
needed to implement CAFF Board-approved workplans.
• Activity 7: Evaluation of the CBMP Strategic Plan is a standing item on the CAFF Board meeting agendas.
Objective 3.2: CBMP is sustainable through relevancy.
• Activity 1: Conduct an evaluation, including a qualitative and where possible a quantitative evaluation on
CBMP after further input from the CAFF Board.
Tagged Arctic Fox, Sweden. Photograph: BMJ/Shutterstock.com
CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 | 2021 115. MILESTONES, ACTIVITIES, AND ANTICIPATED COSTS:
The following tables outline the major milestones and average annual investment necessary for the successful
development of the CBMP over the next four years to implement this strategic plan.
Table 1: Program implementation milestones, description of work and investments based on the organization.
MILESTONE OVERALL DESCRIPTION OF WORK
1. Program Office Two CBMP Co-leads, CAFF Ex. Secretary, and three country desk offices (U.S.
Kingdom of Denmark (KOD), CAFF Secretariat), Four CBMP Steering Group
Shared between CAFF coordinators (Coastal, Freshwater, Marine, Terrestrial).
Secretariat and CBMP co-leads
Manage and coordinate overall program activities, including:
• Communication to CAFF board
• Communication to other partners including to international stakeholders
• Guiding and assisting the four Steering Groups
• Guiding and assisting the integration and headline indicator work
• Technical program deliveries
• Communication deliverables and activities
• Lead of some development projects
• Coordinate reporting
• General data management
• ABDS
2. Arctic Biodiversity a) Implementation of Marine plan
Monitoring and
b) Implementation of Terrestrial plan
Implementation plans
c) Implementation of Freshwater plan
d) Implementation of Coastal plan
e) Each Steering Group has developed detailed implementation and project
plans with individual budgets. But some common activities include:
• Annual meeting (physical) for Steering Group and Expert Networks
• Regular telephone meetings
• Development of annual workplan and progress report
• Communication to other partners including to international stakeholders
• Development of national reports
• Update of ABDS
• Updates on monitoring and methods as relevant and needed
3. The ABDS Development and maintenance of the ABDS
4. Headline indicators Continue to maintain and develop new indicators as possible.
5. Integration and cross Continue steps to integrate ongoing work and initiate new work of common
cutting activities interest among the four groups, including common reporting.
6. Communications Guidance, coordination, organization and production of the writing, editing,
layout, printing, translations and dissemination of reports, websites, social
media, presentations, graphics, videos, newsletters, side events, workshops,
promotional products, learning materials, media relations and more.
12 2021 | CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025CURRENT ESTIMATED COST INVESTMENT INVESTMENT NEEDED
(ANNUALLY. USD) (ANNUALLY)
KOD Co-lead and technical team 110k (Based on average input since 630k per year
2013 salary + travels). Supplementary external funding given to specific
projects related to strategy comes from e.g., the EU and Nordic Council of
Ministers (NCM).
U.S. 110k Co-lead and technical team (salary + travels)
SG coordinators: 140k (30K per group + 5K travel costs per coordinator).
In 2020, US funded Marine and Coastal; Sweden, Norway and Finland
funded Freshwater and Terrestrial.
CAFF Secretariat App: 270k per year (salary + travels & admin costs).
Supplementary external funding given to specific projects related to
strategy comes from external funding e.g., the EU and NCM.
Costs for implementation of each monitoring plan are estimated under See relevant monitoring Group
each of the four monitoring groups work plans. Some costs related to Work Plan for implementation
CAFF/CBMP program office(s) are covered under 1 Program office and SG costs for each monitoring plan.
coordinators.
75K
50k
Some costs related to CAFF/CBMP program office are covered under 1 50k
Program office and SG coordinators.
100K
TOTAL: 905k
CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 | 2021 136. REFERENCES
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14 2021 | CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025Yamal Reindeer herders in Nadym, Russia. Photograph: Evgenii Mitroshin/Shutterstock.com CIRCUMPOLAR BIODIVERSITY MONITORING PROGRAM STRATEGIC PLAN: 2021-2025 | 2021 15
Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Borgir, Norðurslóð 600 Akureyri Iceland Tel: +354 462-3350 caff@caff.is www.caff.is
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