Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework

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Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework
T h e f l a g s h i p c o n f e r e n c e o f I E E E Ve h i c u l a r Te c h n o l o g y S o c i e t y

                             Final Program

                 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference
                27 September – 28 October 2021 • Virtual Event
Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework
Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework
Final Program

2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference

       27 September – 28 October 2021

      Online Virtual Conference
Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework
Welcome from the General Chair
On behalf of the entire IEEE VTC2021-Fall                      by new ground-breaking directions of research
Organizing Committee I warmly welcome you to this              emerging in both industrial and academic
second virtual edition of the Vehicular Technology             environments. We believe the technical program of our
Conference, the flagship conference of the IEEE                conference contains numerous and extensive samples
Vehicular Technology Society. After very careful               of such research efforts.
analysis of the extraordinary circumstances created by
                                                               The virtual format of the VTC2021-Fall will provide
the global pandemic, the Board of Governors of the
                                                               an efficient platform for exchange of new ideas in our
Society has decided to hold the conference again in a
                                                               area of research interest and expertise. We will
virtual format to ensure your physical safety in these
                                                               assemble via the marvel of our global
trying times of still not very well known dangers to the
                                                               telecommunication network to discuss the latest
well-being of us all. This is not a perfect solution, but
                                                               research results of interest to our professional
the best possible under the current difficult
                                                               community. Our discussions will focus on 461
circumstances. We all hope that in spite of this
                                                               technical papers, multiple keynote sessions, highly
unconventional conference format you will still very
                                                               relevant and informative tutorials, and leading-edge
much benefit from the intellectually stimulating
                                                               workshops.
technical program that the Organizing Committee has
prepared for you. We also hope that when this global           The IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference has a
pandemic is finally behind us, we will be able to              long and remarkable history. For the past seven
welcome you to a future regular-format VTC in                  decades the VTC has established itself as the prominent
beautiful Nanjing, China.                                      conference in the areas of wireless communications
                                                               and networks, vehicular electronics and transportation
The cutting-edge technologies that are within the scope
                                                               systems. This two year the VTC2020-Spring, the
of our conference are of essential importance to
                                                               VTC2020-Fall, the VTC2021-Spring and our
enhancing the quality of our daily lives and to making
                                                               VTC2021-Fall are making history as the first four
our economy more efficient and sustainable. One
                                                               IEEE Vehicular Technology Conferences to be held in
example is 5G systems and networks that are being
                                                               a remote on-line format. Once again, welcome to our
deployed at an increasing pace worldwide. Their
                                                               conference. I hope you will enjoy it and benefit from it
different use cases have a potential of impacting all
                                                               in spite of not being able to visit our beautiful Nanjing
areas of human activity to the degree that still at this
                                                               in person.
time is not easy to predict or even imagine. Their
progressing evolution into the future 6G systems and           Jianhua Lu
networks creates challenges that need to be addressed          General Chair, IEEE VTC2021-Fall

                            Welcome from the TPC Co-chairs
On behalf of the Technical Program Committee, we               We would like to use this opportunity to thank all 13
would like to welcome you to the 94th IEEE Vehicular           track co-chairs for their excellent work. They all
Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall) that will be,             managed to obtain at least 3 reviews for each paper
for the sake of safety and health of all participants,         within a short time frame, and the decision process
organized in a virtual online format.                          went extremely smoothly. We would like to thank the
                                                               members of the IEEE VTC2021-Fall organizing
This fully virtual edition of VTC has been able to
                                                               committee for their great responsiveness and support
attract an exciting technical program ranging across the
                                                               during the entire period of technical program
latest areas of research in wireless systems and
                                                               preparation and development. We would also like to
networks, connected and autonomous vehicles, both
                                                               thank the technical program committee (TPC)
manned and unmanned, emerging trends in
                                                               members for their diligent work. Finally, we would like
applications of machine learning and artificial
                                                               to thank the authors, who always stood by in difficult
intelligence in wireless communications, and many
                                                               times, waiting for last minute changes and updates for
other emerging topics. We received more than 825
                                                               the conference organization. We hope you are proud to
paper submissions, out of which 461 outstanding
                                                               have your work as part of this virtual edition, and still
papers will be presented in 12 technical tracks,
                                                               enjoy the virtual networking. We encourage you all to
workshops, and the recent results track that comprise
                                                               maximally dive into the program, and to engage with
the IEEE VTC2021-Fall technical program. In addition
                                                               the many experts that will gather virtually. Let’s learn,
to the regular and recent results sessions, the
                                                               interact, and enjoy!
conference will feature 12 topical workshops, 18
tutorials delivered by the leading experts in the field,       Xiaohu You, Bamidele Adebisi, Tomoaki Ohtsuki,
and five extraordinary keynote speakers, one of them is        Marco Di Renzo, Ning Zhang
from industry and the others are from the academia.            TPC Co-chairs, IEEE VTC2021-Fall

2                                                           2021 94th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference   VTC2021-Fall
Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework
Welcome from the VTS President
On behalf of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society,         the cost of conference attendance. VTS understands the
it is truly an honor and a pleasure to welcome all of you   fact that conferences are important factor in
to our society’s semi-annual flagship conference, the       publications of peer-reviewed papers by graduate
2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference –            students and academics, in dissemination of new
VTC2021-Fall.                                               product and services by industry and government
                                                            agencies, and in providing a networking platform for
This year's Fall 2021 edition of the Vehicular
                                                            the profession. We therefore decided to make sure that
Technology Conference series will provide attendees
                                                            we can still publish papers accepted in our major
with a magnificent collection of technical paper
                                                            conferences so the students can graduate, and our
presentations, tutorials, plenary talks, and workshops,
                                                            researchers can register their novel ideas and outcomes.
all on a virtual platform. With the continuation of
COVID-19 global health crisis, the VTS Board of             Organizing a world-class conference event such as
Governors has decided to again convert IEEE                 VTC2021-Fall in normal times involves a large and
VTC2021-Fall to a fully virtual conference with the         highly dedicated team of volunteers, and with the
original dates, 27-30 September 2021. We will               change from a physical to virtual conference that has
however extend the virtual conference availability          even become more challenging. We are very thankful
dates so attendees from different parts of the world        to everyone making this conference an outstanding
could access the rich program at their own convenient       success! I would like to sincerely thank the General
time. We do realize that virtual conference will not        Chair Jianhua Lu and the General Co-Chairs, Hao Yin,
allow to reproduce the professional networking              Fumiyuki Adachi, Ping Zhang, and Minho Jo; the
environment that you are used to, but it will allow         Technical Program Co-chairs Xiaohu You, Bamidele
VTC2021-Fall to still attain a portion of its objectives.   Adebisi, Tomoaki Ohtsuki, Marco Di Renzo, and Ning
Please know that our thoughts are with those affected       Zhang, and the rest of the conference organizing and
by the COVID-19 outbreak. The health and safety of          technical team for their time, effort, dedication, and
our members, conference attendees, and volunteers is        commitment for making VTC2021-Fall one of the
the utmost priority of our society.                         premier “virtual” international conference events in
                                                            vehicular technology!
It is always our intention to be flexible and helpful to
everyone during this time of difficulty. VTS is fully       I am looking forward to the end of pandemic and seeing
supportive of IEEE’s mission statement and we wish          all of you in person in 2022, where we will continue
you and all people success in dealing with any local        Connecting the Mobile World! Stay safe.
challenges you may be facing. We have thus relaxed
standard requirements for onsite presentation of papers     Abbas Jamalipour, President
for authors and provided some financial adjustments to      IEEE Vehicular Technology Society

27 September - 28 October 2021 Final Program                                                                      3
Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework
Organizing Committee
                    General Chair Jianhua Lu                Tsinghua University, China
                 General Co-chairs Hao Yin                  Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
                                   Fumiyuki Adachi          Tohoku University, Japan
                                   Ping Zhang               Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
                                                            China
                                    Minho Jo                Korea University, South Korea
                        Vice Chairs Hongbo Zhu              Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
                                                            China
                                    Honggang Wang           University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA
                                    Yun Lin                 Harbin Engineering University, China
                    Executive Chair Guan Gui                Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
                                                            China
         Technical Program Chairs Xiaohu You                Southeast University, China
                                    Bamidele Adebisi        Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
                                    Tomoaki Ohtsuki         Keio University, Japan
                                    Marco Di Renzo          CentraleSupélec, Paris-Saclay University, France
                                    Ning Zhang              University of Windsor, Canada
                 Publications Chair James Irvine            University of Strathclyde, UK
      Keynotes and Panels Co-chairs Shi Jin                 Southeast University, China
                                    Peiying Zhu             Huawei Technologies, Canada
                                    Amnart Boonkajay        Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
                                    Mugen Peng              Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
                                                            China
                    Tutorials Chairs Chengxiang Wang        Southeast University, China
                                     Jun Zhao               Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
                                     Ahmet M. Elbir         University of Luxembourg, Turkey
                                     Koichi Adachi          The University of Electro-Communications, Japan
              Workshops Co-chairs Qihui Wu                  Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
                                     Jian Andrew Zhang      University of Technology Sydney, Australia
                                     Min Jia                Harbin Institute of Technology, China
                                     Yongxu Zhu             London South Bank University, UK
           Industry Program Chairs Alvin Chin               BMW Group Tech Office USA, USA
                                     Sanyogita Shamsunder   Verizon, USA
      Patronage & Exhibit Co-chairs Liang Guo               China Academy of Information and Communications
                                                            Technology, China
                                    Lin Shan                National Institute of Information and Communications
                                                            Technology, Japan
                                    Haitao Zhao             Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
                                                            China
                   Publicity Chairs Tomohiko Taniguchi      Fujitsu Laboratories Limited, Japan
                                    Shucheng Yu             Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
                                    Yue Gao                 University of Surrey, UK
                                    Hongyang Chen           Zhejiang Lab, China
                     Finance Chair J. R. Cruz               The University of Oklahoma, USA
         Conference Administrators Rodney C. Keele          The University of Oklahoma, USA
                                    Cerry Leffler           IEEE VTS, USA
Logistics
IEEE eXpress Conference Publishing Christina Zarrello       IEEE, USA
        IEEE Conference Services Brianna Hunt-Fornaro       IEEE, USA

4                                                        2021 94th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference   VTC2021-Fall
Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework
Technical Program Committee
Chairs                                Xiaohu You              Southeast University, China
                                      Bamidele Adebisi        Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
                                      Tomoaki Ohtsuki         Keio University, Japan
                                      Marco Di Renzo          CentraleSupélec, Paris-Saclay University, France
                                      Ning Zhang              University of Windsor, Canada
Vice-Chairs, Airborne and Maritime Hong-Ning Dai              Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
Mobile systems and Services           Xianfu Chen             VTT Technical Research Centre, Finland
                                      Chia-Ho Ou              National Pingtung University, Taiwan
Vice-Chairs, Antenna Systems,         Kelvin Anoh             University of Bolton, UK
Propagation and RF Design             Shulabh Gupta           Carleton University, Canada
                                      Sunday Ekpo             Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
                                      Anthony Adoghe          Covenant University, Nigeria
Vice-Chairs, Electric Vehicles,       Augustine Ikpehai       Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Vehicular Electronics and Intelligent Ning Lu                 Queen’s University, Canada
Transportation                        Haibo Zhou              Nanjing University, China
                                      Max Mauro Dias Santos   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Ponta Grossa
Vice-Chairs, Emerging Technologies, Kenichi Higuchi           Tokyo University of Science, Japan
6G and Beyond                         Peng Yang               Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
                                      Khaled Rabie            Manchester Met University, UK
                                      Zhi Liu                 Shizuoka University, Japan
Vice-Chairs, Green Communications Miao Pan                    University of Houston, USA
and Networks                          Mostafa Fouda           Idaho State University, USA
                                      Peng Yu                 Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
Vice-Chairs, IoV, IoT, M2M, Sensor Susumu Ishihara            Shizuoka University, Japan
Networks and Ad-Hoc Networking        Moayad Aloqaily         xAnalytics Inc., USA
                                      Lin Bai                 Beihang University, China
                                      Aderemi Atayero         Covenant University, Nigeria
Vice-Chairs, Machine Learning and Jinlong Sun                 Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
AI for Communications                 Mikio Hasegawa          Tokyo University of Science, Japan
                                      Tao Han                 University of North Carolina – Charlotte, USA
                                      Zubair Fadlullah        Lakehead University, Canada
Vice-Chairs, Multiple Antennas and Dimitrie Popescu           Old Dominion University, USA
Cooperative Communications            Miao Liu                Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
                                      Siyu Lin                Beijing Jiaotong University, China
Vice-Chairs, Positioning, Navigation Kai-Ten Feng             National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
and Sensing                           Habila Mormi John       University of Bath, UK
                                      Virginia Pilloni        University of Cagliari, Italy
Vice-Chairs, Signal Processing for    Kazunori Hayashi        Kyoto University, Japan
Wireless Communications               Chongwen Huang          Zhejiang University, China
                                      Byonghyo Shim           Seoul National University, South Korea
Vice-Chairs, Spectrum Management, Takeo Fujii                 The University of Electro-Communications, Japan
Radio Access Technology, Services     Nan Cheng               Xidian University, China
and Security                          Yuanxiong Guo           University of Texas – San Antonio, USA
                                      Feng Ye                 University of Dayton, USA
Vice-Chairs, Vehicle Cooperation and Zhengguo Sheng           University of Sussex, UK
Control, Assisted and Autonomous      Ahmed Hamdi Sakr        University of Windsor, Canada
Driving                               Feng Lyu                Central South University, China
Vice-Chairs, Recent Results           Xiaohu You              Southeast University, Bangladesh
                                      Bamidele Adebisi        Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
                                      Tomoaki Ohtsuki         Keio University, Japan
                                      Marco Di Renzo          Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France
                                      Ning Zhang              University of Windsor, Canada

Members
Javad Abdoli, Huawei Technologies Canada Co.                  Damilola Adu, Covenant University
Mahmoud Abdulsalam, City University of London                 Niaz Ahmed, Missouri University of Science and Technology
Philip Abidoye, Cape Peninsula University of Technology       Shakil Ahmed, Utah State University
Sylvester Boadi Aboagye, Memorial University                  Mobayode Akinsolu, Wrexham Glyndwr University
Fumiyuki Adachi, Tohoku University                            Ziad Qais Al Abbasi, The Middle Technical University
Koichi Adachi, The University of Electro-Communications          (MTU) - Baquba Technical Institute
E. A. Adedokun, Ahmadu Bello University                       Michele Albano, Aalborg University
Anthony Adoghe, Covenant University                           Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, University of Rome

27 September - 28 October 2021 Final Program                                                                        5
Final Program 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference 27 September - 28 October 2021 Virtual Event - IEEE Conference Framework
Ala'a Al-Momani, Ulm University                             Xiaojie Fang, Harbin Institute of Technology
Moayad Aloqaily, xAnalytics Inc.                            Abraham O. Fapojuwo, University of Calgary
Kelvin Anoh, University of Bolton                           Aya Hassan Farrag, Lakehead University
Evans C. Ashigwuike, University of Abuja                    Nasir Faruk
Bulus Azi Atang, Plateau State Polytechnic                  Kai-Ten Feng, National Chiao Tung University
Aderemi Atayero, Covenant University                        Lei Feng, Beijing University of Posts and
Sergei Avedisov, Toyota Motor North America                     Telecommunications
Ferheen Ayaz, University of Sussex                          Mostafa Fouda, Idaho State University
Tong Bai, Queen Mary University of London                   Youhua Fu, NJUPT
Venkatraman Balasubramanian, Arizona State University       Takeo Fujii, The University of Electro-Communications
Akram Bati, University of Bolton                            Jie Gao, Marquette University
Khaled Bedda, Cairo University                              Meilin Gao, Tsinghua University
Daniel Benevides da Costa, Federal University of Ceara      Tianbao Gao, NJUPT
Yin Bo, Beijing Information Science and Technology          Yue Gao, University of Surrey
    University                                              Zhen Gao, Beijing Institute of Technology
Carsten Bockelmann, University of Bremen                    Rosario Garroppo, University of PISA
A B M Bodrul Alam, Lakehead University                      Amjad Gawanmeh, University of Dubai
Amnart Boonkajay, Institute for Infocomm Research           Alireza Ghasempour, University of Applied Science and
Ouns Bouachir, Zayed University                                 Technology
Cesar Briso, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid              Khanh Tran Gia, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Berna Bulut, University of Bristol                          Asaamoning godwin, Lusophone University
Wei Cai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen       Ramy H. Gohary, Carleton University
Glaucio Carvalho, Sheridan College                          Marco Gomes, Instituto de Telecomunicações - University
Paulo Carvalho, FCT- Universidade Nova de Lisboa                of Coimbra
Nan Chen, Tennessee Tech University                         Zijun Gong, University of Waterloo
Chung Shue Chen, Bell Labs                                  David Grace, University of York
Tzung-Shi Chen, National University of Tainan               João Guerreiro, FCT-Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Xianfu Chen, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland       Rui Guo, Toyota Motor North America R&D
Yan Chen, NJUPT                                             Yuanxiong Guo, University of Texas at San Antonio
Nan Cheng, Xidian University                                Shulabh Gupta, Carleton University
Luca Chiaraviglio, University of Rome Tor Vergata           Nentawe Gurumdimma, University of Jos
Vlad-Mihai Chiriac, Technical University "Gheorghe          Guojun Han, Guangdong University of Technology
    Asachi" of Iasi                                         Mikio Hasegawa, Tokyo University of Science
Sooyong Choi, Yonsei University                             Syed Ali Hassan, National University of Sciences and
Kishak Zakka Cinfwat, University of Jos                         Technology
Sinem Coleri, Koc University                                Sara Hassan, Lakehead University
Ciprian Romeo Comsa, Technical University "Gheorghe         Md Yeakub Hassan, TBRHRI
    Asachi" of Iasi                                         Hiroyuki Hatano, Mie University
Haibo Dai, Nanjing University of Posts and                  Kiyohiko Hattori, Tokyo University of Technology
    Telecommunications                                      Ryo Hayakawa, Osaka University
Hong-Ning Dai, Macau University of Science and              Kazunori Hayashi, Kyoto University
    Technology                                              Vahideh Hayyolalam, KoC University
Danjuma Danshik Dajab, University of Jos                    Jingchao He, Xidian University
Olawande Daramola, Cape Peninsula University of             Ruisi He, Beijing Jiaotong University
    Technology                                              Prasanna Herath, InterDigital Communications
Panagiotis Demestichas, University of Piraeus               Kenichi Higuchi, Tokyo University of Science
Yongheng Deng, Tsinghua University                          Ivan Wang-Hei Ho, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
Kapal Dev, Trinity College                                      University
Max Mauro Dias Santos, Universidade Tecnológica             Hanxu Hou, Dongguan University of Technology
    Federal do Paraná - Ponta Grossa                        Yu-Pin Hsu, National Taipei University
Arash Moradinegade Dizqah, University of Essex              Chunqiang Hu, Chongqing University
Quang Vinh Do, Pusan National University                    Qiang Hu, Amazon Lab126
Octavia A. Dobre, Memorial University                       Rui Hu, University of Texas at San Antonio
Chen Dong, University of Southampton                        Xu Hu, Dalian Maritime University
Mianxiong Dong, Muroran Institute of Technology             Qiang Hua, University of Liverpool
Xuewen Dong, Xidian University                              Cheng Huang, University of Waterloo
Xinwei Du, BNU-HKBU United International College            Chongwen Huang, Zhejiang University
Sijing Duan, Central South University                       Hao Huang, Nanjing University of Posts and
Sunday Ekpo, Manchester Metropolitan University                 Telecommunications
Ahmet M. Elbir, Duzce University                            Yilong Hui, Xidian University
Mohamed Elshafei, Lakehead university                       Rasheed Hussain, Innopolis University
Samy El-Tawab, James Madison University                     Kim Hyunbum, Incheon National University
Emmanuel Majiyebo Eronu, University of Abuja                Augustus Ibhaze, University of Lagos
Zubair Fadlullah, Lakehead University                       Shinsuke Ibi, Doshisha University
Fu Fang, Shanxi University                                  Amani Ibraheem, University of Sussex

6                                                        2021 94th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference   VTC2021-Fall
Mohamed Ibrahem, Tennessee Tech University                 Kai Li, CISTER Research Unit
Emmanuel Tashiwa Ibrahim, Newcastle University             Lixin Li, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Francis Idachaba, Covenant University                      Mushu Li, University of Waterloo
Muhammad Ijaz, Manchester Metropolitan University          Qihao Li, University of Waterloo
Augustine Ikpehai, Sheffield Hallam University             Rongpeng Li, Zhejiang University
Sunday Iliya, University of Jos                            Shichao Li, Guilin University of Electronic Technology
Agbotiname Imoize, University of Lagos                     Song Li, China University of Mining and Technology
Kei Inage, Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial        Xuran Li, Shandong Normal University
    Technology                                             Yue Li, University of Victoria
Mamiko Inamori, Tokai University                           Yunyi Li, Hunan University of Science and Technology
Lucky A. Ishaku, Blackpool and The Fylde                   Huilian Liao, Sheffield Hallam University
    College/Lancaster University                           Jiachun Liao, Nanhu Lab Jiaxing
Dauda Ishaya, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University            Hai Lin, Osaka Prefecture University
Koji Ishibashi, The University of Electro-Communications   Jie Lin, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Susumu Ishihara, Shizuoka University                       Siyu Lin, Beijing Jiaotong University
Naoki Ishikawa, Yokohama National University               Yun Lin, Harbin Engineering University
Kentaro Ishizu, NICT                                       Yun-Wei Lin, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Yusuke Ito, Tokyo University of Science                    Chen-Feng Liu, University of Oulu
Nobuhiko Itoh, Nippon Institute of Technology              Chun-Hung Liu, Mississippi State university
Hiroki Iwata, Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc.                Chunshan Liu, Hangzhou Dianzi University
Wael Jaafar, Carleton University                           Dong Liu, University of Southampton
Yo-Seb Jeon, Pohang University of Science and              Dongxiao Liu, University of Waterloo
    Technology (POSTECH)                                   Fang Liu, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shaobo Jia, Zhengzhou University                           Huiye Liu, Georgia Institute of Technology
Fan Jiang, Xi'an University of Posts and                   Miao Liu, Nanjing University of Posts and
    Telecommunications                                         Telecommunications
Xu Jiang, Dalian University of Technology                  Pengfei Liu, Nanjing University of Posts and
Zhang Jianhua, Beijing University of Posts and                 Telecommunications
    Telecommunications                                     Qiang Liu, The University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Hu Jin, Hanyang University                                 Tingting Liu, Nanjing Institute of Technology
Michael Joham, Munich University of Technology             Xin Liu, Dalian University of Technology
Habila Mormi John, University of Bath                      Xiqing Liu, Beijing University of Posts and
Bang Chul Jung, Chungnam National University                   Telecommunications
Haejoon Jung, Incheon Univ.                                Yalin Liu, Macau University of Science and Technology
Suguru Kameda, Hiroshima University                        Zhi Liu, The University of Electro-Communications
Athanasios Kanatas, University of Piraeus                  Zilong liu, University of Essex
Shigeru Kashihara, Osaka Institute of Technology           Miguel López-Benítez, University of Liverpool
Yuichi Kawamoto, Tohoku University                         Huali Lu, Central South University
Hafiz Ahmad Khalid, Beijing University of Posts and        Ning Lu, Queen’s University
    Telecommunications                                     Changqing Luo, Virginia Commonwealth University
Umar F. Khan, Robert Gordon University                     Feng Lyu, Central South University
Majid Khoshafa, Memorial University of Newfoundland        Runbo Ma, Shanxi University
Hossein Khoshnevis, Huawei Canada Research Centre          Naercio Magaia, Universidade de Lisboa
Haesik Kim, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland       Bomin Mao, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Sooyoung Kim, Chonbuk National University                  Alexandru Martian, University Politehnica of Bucharest
Sunwoo Kim, Hanyang University                             Kazuki Maruta, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Paul Kogeda, University of the Free State                  Mousa Marzband, Northumbria University
Haris Kremo, RWTH Aachen University                        Daniel Massicotte, UQTR - Universite du Quebec a Trois-
Witold Krzymień, University of Alberta                         Rivieres - Canada
Chinmoy Kundu, University College Dublin                   Michail Matthaiou, Queen's University Belfast
Ernest Kurniawan, Institute for Infocomm Research          Hope Mauwa, University of Mpumalanga
Taesoo Kwon, Seoul National University of Science and      Mustafa K. Mehmet Ali, Confordia University
    Technology                                             Manabu Mikami, SoftBank Corp.
Buon Kiong Lau, Lund University                            Nobuhiko Miki, Kagawa University
Nguyen Phi Le, Hanoi University of Science and             Chulhong Min, Nokia Bell Labs
    Technology                                             Teruyuki Miyajima, Ibaraki University
Byungju Lee, Kumoh National Institute of Technology        Sanam Moghaddamnia, Türkisch-Deutsche Universität
Gilsoo Lee, Nokia Bell Labs                                Mohammadali Mohammadi, Shahrekord University
Howon Lee, Hankyong National University                    Gad Mohammed, Lakehead University
Inkyu Lee, Korea University                                Kazuya Monden, Hitachi
Janne Lehtomäki, University of Oulu                        Hiroaki Morino, Shibaura Institute of Techonology
Aohan Li, Tokyo University of Science                      Mohamed M. A. Moustafa, Egyptian Russian University
He Li, Nanyang Normal University                           Osamu Muta, Kyushu University
Jie LI, Hefei University of Technology                     Katsuhiro Naito, Aichi Institute of Technology
Junling Li, University of Waterloo                         Keivan Navaie, Lancaster University

27 September - 28 October 2021 Final Program                                                                     7
Kien Nguyen, Chiba University                                Dirk T.M. Slock, EURECOM
Luong Nguyen, Seoul National University                      Hideya So, Shonan Institute of Technology
Nhat Quang Nhan, NOKIA Bell Labs                             Paschalis C. Sofotasios, Tampere University of
Zhengwei Ni, Zhejiang Gongshang University                       Technology/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Toshihiko Nishimura, Hokkaido University                     Yunchao Song, NJUPT
Takayuki Nishio, Tokyo Institute of Technology               Alireza Souri, Islamic Azad University
Nsikan Nkordeh, University of Delaware                       Breno Sousa, University of Lisbon
Masakatsu Ogawa, Sophia University                           Nuno Souto, ISCTE-IUL/Instituto de Telecomunicações
Takeo Ohgane, University of Hokkaido                         Olugbenga Sowande, University of Ilorin
Shuichi Ohno, Osaka City University                          Seshan Srirangarajan, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Chikara Ohta, Kobe University                                Gautam Srivastava, Brandon University
Mai Ohta, Fukuoka University                                 Mirko Staderini, UNIFI
Hiraku Okada, Nagoya University                              Giovanni Stea, University of Pisa
Eiji Okamoto, Nagoya Institute of Technology                 Oodo Ogidi Stephen, University of Abuja
Kennedy Okokpujie, Covenant Universty                        Shinya Sugiura, The University of Tokyo
Godfrey Okorafor, Novena University                          Jin Sun, Nanjing University of Posts and
Gbenga Abidemi Olarinoye, Ahmadu Bello University                Telecommunications
Babatunde Olukotun, University College London                Jinlong Sun, Nanjing University of Posts and
Abayomi Otebolaku, Sheffield Hallam University                   Telecommunications
Safa Otoum, University of Ottawa                             Xiang Sun, University of New Mexico
Chia-Ho Ou, National Pingtung University                     Chang Kyung Sung, CSIRO
Teppei Oyama, Fujitsu Limited                                Himal A. Suraweera, University of Peradeniya
Olutayo O. Oyerinde, University of the Witwatersrand         Katsuya Suto, The University of Electro-Communications
Tudor Palade, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca            Takumi Takahashi, Osaka University
Miao Pan, University of Houston                              Osamu Takyu, Shinshu University
Andra Pastrav, Technical University Cluj-Napoca              Fengxiao Tang, Tohoku university
Al-Sakib Khan Pathan, Independent University                 Suhua Tang, The University of Electro-Communications
    Bangladesh                                               Tetsuki Taniguchi, The University of Electro-
Naanman Bartholomew Paul, Kaduna Polytechnic                     Communications
Quoc-Viet Pham, Pusan National University                    Ahmed Tarek, Zewail University
Virginia Pilloni, University of Cagliari                     Ngatched Telex, Memorial University
Dimitrie Popescu, Old Dominion University                    Gokulnath Thandavarayan, Universidad Miguel
Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University                          Hernandez de Elche (UMH)
Petar Popovski, Aalborg University                           John Thompson, University of Edinburgh
Alessandro Pozzebon, University of Siena                     Ang-Hsun Tsai, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung
Emanuel Puschita, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca            University
Bo Qian, Nanjing University                                  Chung-Hsien Tsai, National Defense University
Kaige Qu, University of Waterloo                             Hsin-Mu Tsai, National Taiwan University
Khaled Rabie, Manchester Met University                      Ming-Fong Tsai, National United University
Gowri Sankar Ramachandran, Queensland University of          Po-Hsuan Tseng, National Taipei University of
    Technology                                                   Technology
Chao Ren, University of Science and Technology Beijing       Theodoros Tsiftsis, Jinan University
Olivier Renaudin, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona          George Tsoulos, University of Peloponnese
Ismaeel Al Ridhawi, Kuwait College of Science and            Akira Uchiyama, Osaka University
    Technology                                               Kenta Umebayashi, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Geraldine Rangmoen Rimven, University of Jos                     Technology
Sandra Roger, University of Valencia                         Johanna Vartiainen, University of Oulu
Kay Romer, TU Graz                                           Anna Maria Vegni, Roma Tre University
Bashir Olaniyi Sadiq, Ahmadu Bello University                Fernando J Velez, Instituto de Telecomunicações-DEM
Ahmed Hamdi Sakr, University of Windsor                      Calin Vladeanu, University Politehnica of Bucharest
Yasir Saleem, Inria Lille - Nord Europe                      Chu-Fu Wang, National Pingtung University
Julio Cesar Santos dos Anjos, Federal University of Rio      Danyang Wang, Xidian University
    Grande do Sul                                            Guanghui Wang, Henan University
Koya Sato, Tokyo University of Science                       Jie Wang, Nanjing University of Posts and
Chan See, Edinburgh Napier University                            Telecommunications
Lin Shan, National Institute of Information and              Jin Wang, Xian University of Posts and
    Communications Technology (NICT)                             Telecommunications
Feng Shen, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and             Jingjing Wang, Tsinghua University
    Astronautics                                             Miao Wang, Miami University
Li-Hsiang Shen, National Chiao Tung University               Qiu Wang, China University of Mining and Technology
Zhengguo Sheng, University of Sussex                         Qubeijian Wang, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Junpeng Shi, National University of Defense Technology       Wei Wang, Zhejiang University
Takuya Shindo, Nippon Institute of Technology                Xiaofei Wang, Tianjin University
Adão Silva, DETI / Instituto de Telecomunicações /           Xijun Wang, Xidian University
    University of Aveiro                                     Xuyu Wang, California State University

8                                                         2021 94th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference   VTC2021-Fall
Yu Wang, Nanjing University of Posts and                                      Yibin, Nanjing University of Posts and
    Telecommunications                                                            Telecommunications
Zhaorui Wang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University                            Wang Yong, Chongqing University of Posts and
Zijie Wang, Beihang University                                                    Telecommunications
Ziran Wang, Toyota Motor North America R&D                                    Li You, Southeast University
Yoshito Watanabe, NICT                                                        Keping Yu, Waseda University
Li Wei, Singapore University of Technology and Design                         Peng Yu, Beijing University of Posts and
Jinming Wen, Jinan University                                                     Telecommunications
Krzysztof Wesołowski, Poznan University of Technology                         Weijie Yuan, Southern University of Science and
Celimuge Wu, The University of Electro-Communications                             Technology
Dehao Wu, Bournemouth University                                              Chau Yuen, Singapore University of Technology and
Fan Wu, Tsinghua University                                                       Design
Haimeng Wu, Northumbria University                                            Bo Zhang, Zhengzhou University
Huaqing Wu, University of Waterloo                                            Di Zhang, Zhengzhou University
Tin-Yu Wu, National Ilan University                                           Hongming Zhang, Beijing University of Posts and
Wen Wu, University of Waterloo                                                    Telecommunications
Xuangou Wu, Anhui University of Technology                                    Ning Zhang, University of Windsor
Lin Xiang, TU Darmstadt                                                       Ruoyu Zhang, Nanjing University of Science and
Chaonong Xu, China University of Petroleum                                        Technology
Yongjun Xu, Chongqing University of Posts and                                 Shuowen Zhang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
    Telecommunications (CQUPT)                                                Tingping Zhang, Chongqing Jiaotong University
Yunting Xu, NanJing University                                                Zhicai Zhang, Shanxi University
B. Yahaya, Ahmadu Bello University                                            Nan Zhao, Dalian University of Technology
Koji Yamamoto, Kyoto University                                               Wenwen Zhao, Johnson Controls Inc
Hao Yang, McMaster University                                                 Fei Zheng, Guilin University Of Electronic Technology
Peng Yang, Huazhong University of Science and                                 Conghao Zhou, University of Waterloo
    Technology                                                                Fanqin Zhou, Beijing University of Posts and
Qi Yang, Xiamen University                                                        Telecommunications
Shizhao Yang, Nanjing University of Posts and                                 Jianshan Zhou, Beihang University
    Telecommunications                                                        Lin Zhou, Beihang University
Kazuto Yano, ATR                                                              Mu Zhou, Chongqing University of Posts and
Feng Ye, University of Dayton                                                     Telecommunications
Qiang Ye, Minnesota State University                                          Siyang Zhou, Harbin Institute of Technology
                                                                              Yi Zhou, Henan University

Reviewers
Waqas bin Abbas       Nazar Ali             Daniel Benevides da   Ru-Han Chen          Riccardo De         Zhang Fan              Khanh Tran Gia
Qamar Abbas           Mohammad                Costa               Ruirui Chen            Gaudenzi          Fu Fang                Tolga Girici
Amr Abdelnabi           Alibakhshikenari    Salah Berra           Shuo Chen            Tomaso de Cola      Shih-Hau Fang          Mirza Golam Kibria
Mohammed              Yazeed Alkhrijah      Pranay Bhardwaj       Tzung-Shi Chen       Christoph Degen     Xiaojie Fang           Marco Gomes
  Abdelsadek          Ala'a Al-Momani       Swati Bhattacharya    Xianfu Chen          Thomas Delamotte    Xiaojie Fang           Tiago Rocha
Mouhamed Abdulla      Akram Alomainy        Yougang Bian          Xianfu Chen          Özlem Tugfe Demir   Zhengru Fang             Gonçalves
Nor Fadzilah          Moayad Aloqaily       Li Bingxin            Xiao Chen            Yongheng Deng       Yashar Zeiynali        Ali Gorcin
  Abdullah            Alberto Álvarez       Daniel Bischoff       Yan Chen             Max Mauro Dias        Farid                Joel Grotz
Philip Abidoye          Polegre             Yin Bo                Yanli Chen             Santos            Lei feng               Hao Gu
Sylvester Boadi       Haleh Amintoosi       Amnart Boonkajay      Ying Chen            Mouhamad Dieye      Shuying Feng           Yixin Gu
  Aboagye             Muhammad Amjad        Ouns Bouachir         Ying Chen            Cao Ding            Weiyang Feng           Zhuojia Gu
Fumiyuki Adachi       Nejib Ammar           Sander Bronckers      Yuchao Chen          Mengying Ding       Weiyang Feng           Peiyuan Guan
Koichi Adachi         Miguel Angel          Tim W. C. Brown       Yu-Jia Chen          Rui Dinis           Luis Torres            João Guerreiro
Abebe Belay Adege       Vazquez             Agustín Bucciarelli   Zheng Chen           Arash                 Figueroa             Guan Gui
Ramoni Adeogun        Marco Anisetti        Romain Bucelle        Cheng Cheng            Moradinegade      Abbas Fotouhi          Guan Gui
Adeyinka A.           Kelvin Anoh           Niklas Bulk           Nan Cheng              Dizqah            Mostafa Fouda          Alessandro Guidotti
  Adewale             Kainat Ansar          Berna Bulut           Nan Cheng            Quang Vinh Do       João Francisco Justo   Frederic Guilloud
Anthony Adoghe        Sudhansu Arya         Wei Cai               Shao-Hung Cheng      Octavia A. Dobre    Shu Fu                 Wahab Ali Gulzar
Damilola Adu          Megumi Asada          Mario Rodrigo         Shao-Hung Cheng      Chen Dong           Shu Fu                 Mehmet Ali Guney
Mona Ahmed            Bulus Azi Atang         Camana Acosta       Wenchi Cheng         Mianxiong Dong      Takeo Fujii            Danni Guo
Niaz Ahmed            Aderemi Atayero       Henry Ramiro          Yan Cheng            Xuewen Dong         Shunsuke Fujio         Qinghua Guo
Hyeongtae Ahn         Sergei Avedisov         Carvajal Mora       Zhipeng Cheng        Yuhan Dong          Hayato Fukuzono        Rui Guo
Yongjun Ahn           Wahaj Abbas Awan      Paulo Carvalho        Vlad-Mihai Chiriac   Konstantinos        Dawei Gao              Tianhao Guo
Zeinab Akhavan        Babatunde             Dragan Cetenovic      Hao Tse Chiu           Dovelos           Jie Gao                Yuanxiong Guo
Muhammad                Awoyemi             Chabalala Chabalala   Moin Chowdhury       Jianbo Du           Jie Gao                Naveen Gupta
  Waseem Akhtar       Ferheen Ayaz          Rong Chai             Hyun Kyu Chung       Xinwei Du           Mei Gao                Shulabh Gupta
Mobayode Akinsolu     Bo Bai                Behdad Chalaki        Kishak Zakka         Zhen Du             Meilin Gao             Nentawe
Ömer Faruk Akyol      Tong Bai              Tse-Tin Chan           Cinfwat             Sijing Duan         Peng Gao                 Gurumdimma
Ismaeel Al Ridhawi    Wushuang Bai          Aniruddha Chandra     Victor Croisfelt     Xuting Duan         Shang Gao              Miguel Gutiérrez
Mahmoud Al            Zhengwei Bai          Huigang Chang         Haibo Dai            Ankit Dubey         Tianbao Gao              Gaitán
  Ahmed               Saikat Bakshi         Ronald Y. Chang       Hong-Ning Dai        Sunday Ekpo         Ying Gao               Neda
Ziad Qais Al Abbasi   Venkatraman           Aizaz Chaudhry        Yueyue Dai           Samy El-Tawab       Yu Gao                   Haghighatpanah
Nader Alagha            Balasubramanian     Abdellah Chehri       Danjuma Danshik      Timibloudi          Yulan Gao              Rami Hamdi
Abdulsahib            Muyiwa Balogun        Binqiang Chen          Dajab                 Enamamu           Carla Estefania        Dairu Han
  Albehadili          Salime Bameri         Chen Chen             Olawande Daramola    Emmanuel              Garcia Moreta        Ruisong Han
Antonio Alberto       Wei Bao               Dawei Chen            Tasneem Darwish        Majiyebo Eronu    Amauri Ghellere        Tao Han
  D'Amico             Jose Mairton Barros   Hao Chen              Alexei Davydov       Barry Evans           Garcia Miranda       Xu Han
Laha Ale                da Silva Junior     Hongzhi Chen          Andrea De Jesus      Zubair Fadlullah    Rosario Garroppo       Mi Hang
Abdulmajeed           Sara Basharat         Jiayin Chen            Torres              Zubair Fadlullah    Ahmad Gendia           Takanori Hara
  Alenezi             Ilhan Basturk         Nan Chen              André L. F. de       Guanghui Fan        Alireza Ghasempour     Hasan
Hussam Ali            Edgar Beck            Quan Chen              Almeida             Rongfei Fan         Ammar Ghazal           Mikio Hasegawa

27 September - 28 October 2021 Final Program                                                                                                        9
Muneeb Ul Hassan      Yi Jiang             Longguang Li     Ting Ma             Chia-Ho Ou            Feng Shen            Uyuota Uyoata
Hiroyuki Hatano       Yili Jiang           Meiling Li       Xiang Ma            Teppei Oyama          Guanxiong Shen       Rodolfo Valiente
Kiyohiko Hattori      Yu Jiang             Mushu Li         Yiyun Ma            Olutayo O.            Hang Shen            Hiep Vu Van
Ryo Hayakawa          Zhang Jianhua        Qihao Li         Zhangfeng Ma          Oyerinde            Li-Hsiang Shen       Johanna Vartiainen
Kazunori Hayashi      Wu Jiao              Shichao Li       Zhe Ma              Tudor Palade          Tianji Shen          Neelakantam
Kazunori Hayashi      Jihemn               Shuangyang Li    Roberto Magueta     Jiyong Pang           Xu Shen                Venkatarayalu
Vahideh               Hu Jin               Tao Li           Abdalla Mahmoud     Ishaan Paranjape      Zhengguo Sheng       Venkatkumar
  Hayyolalam          Xiaoye Jing          Wenfeng Li       Vuong Mai           Seju Park             Zhichao Sheng          Venkatasubram-
Chao He               Honghao Ju           Xiaohui Li       Naga Manoj          Ju Seong Park         Junchao Shi            anian
He He                 Bang Chul Jung       Xin Li             Makkena           Chrysanthi Paschou    Junpeng Shi          Emanuele Viterbo
Jiaqi He              Haejoon Jung         Xinyu Li         Asad Waqar Malik    Andra Pastrav         Qian Shi             Calin Vladeanu
Jingchao He           Md. Mahfujul Kadir   Xu Li            Madhuri Latha       Al-Sakib Khan         Shan Shi             Peter Vouras
Mingcheng He          Caihong Kai          Xuran Li           Mannedu             Pathan              Weisen Shi           Vuong Quoc Bao
Mingcheng He          Sanket Kalamkar      Yihao Li         Yijie Mao           Naanman               Wenjuan Shi          Keisuke Wakao
Ruisi He              Rafael Kaliski       Yuanbo Li        Zhi Mao               Bartholomew Paul    Oh-Soon Shin         Liangtian Wan
Zhengran He           Rafael Kaliski       Yue Li           Anna Maria Vegni    João Pedro Pavia      Wonjae Shin          Pengwu Wan
Zhimin He             Mohsin Kamal         Yunyi Li         Paulo Marques       Pedro Pedrosa         Takuya Shindo        Bing Wang
Robert W. Heath Jr.   Suguru Kameda        Zhaojie Li       Alexandru Martian   Yingting Pei          Morteza              Bowen Wang
Takamasa Higuchi      Xinyue Kan           Hongbin Liang    Kazuki Maruta       Yingting Pei            Mohammadi          ChangYuan Wang
Ivan Wang-Hei Ho      Kavin Kang           Wei Shun Liao    Barbara M. Masini   Haixia Peng             Shirkolaei         Chen Wang
Yi Hong               Salil Kanhere        Xishun Liao      Daniel Massicotte   Yang Peng             Shiyao               Chu-Fu Wang
Kevin Ong Shen        Batuhan Kaplan       Yang Lilin       Toshiki Matsumine   Yang Peng             Ng Jer Shyuan        Danyang Wang
  Hoong               Erhan Karakoca       Chunmian Lin     Shikha Maurya       Maxim Penner          Ayesha Siddiqa       Danyang Wang
Yuta Hori             Shigeru Kashihara    Hai Lin          Hope Mauwa          Felipe Augusto        Adão Silva           Dezhi Wang
Hanxu Hou             Yuichi Kawamoto      Jie Lin          Andrew McGordon       Pereira de          Lion Silva           Dongyu Wang
Jingze Hou            Rodney Clint Keele   Siyu Lin         Mustafa K. Mehmet     Figueiredo          Keshav Singh         Feng Wang
Weihao Hou            Jan M. Kelner        Xiaohui Lin        Ali               Paulo G. Pereirinha   Mohammad             Han Wang
An-Hung Hsiao         Hafiz Ahmad          Xu Lin           Niloofar Mehrnia    Nemanja Perovic         Soliman            Hao Wang
Yu-Pin Hsu              Khalid             Yun Lin          Mudasar Latif       Vitaly Petrov         Yubo Song            Hong Wang
Shen Wen Hsuan        Yasser Khalil        Yun Lin            Memon             Ashkan Pirooz         Yunchao Song         Jie Wang
Dou Hu                Muhammad Ashfaq      Yun-Wei Lin      Wang Miao           Andrea Pizzo          Alireza Souri        Jie Wang
Lei Hu                  Khan               Jonathan Ling    David Michelson     Proyash Podder        Breno Sousa          Jin Wang
Qiang Hu              Umar F. Khan         Chen-Feng Liu    Manabu Mikami       Michele Polese        Nuno Souto           Jinfei Wang
Qingqing Hu           Irfan Khan           Chun-Hung Liu    Nobuhiko Miki       Otilia Popescu        Olugbenga Sowande    Jingjing Wang
Rui Hu                Md Rayhan Khan       Chunshan Liu     Chulhong Min        Segun Popoola         Seshan               Lei Wang
Shaokang Hu           Muhammad Toaha       Danpu Liu        Alex Minetto        Petar Popovski          Srirangarajan      Miao Wang
Xu Hu                   Raza Khan          Daqing Liu       Shashwat Mishra     Alessandro            Gautam Srivastava    Qi wang
Zhiqun Hu             Majid Khoshafa       Dong Liu         Teruyuki Miyajima     Pozzebon            Mirko Staderini      Qipeng Wang
Chongwen Huang        Hossein Khoshnevis   Dongxiao Liu     Sanam               Sourav Pramanik       Giovanni Stea        Qiu Wang
Haiyan Huang          Saad Hassan Kiani    Fang Liu           Moghaddamnia      Narayan Prasad        Binbin Su            Qubeijian Wang
Hao Huang             Haesik Kim           Hongwu Liu       Zahra Mokhtari      Ioannis               Chunxia Su           Ruoxu Wang
Hao Huang             Jae-Hyun Kim         Huiye Liu        Kazuya Monden         Psaromiligkos       Nanchi Su            Shaobo Wang
Hongjia Huang         Jinhong Kim          Jie Liu          Marco Moretti       Peihan Qi             Mizuki Suga          Shufei Wang
Jiawei Huang          Minseok Kim          Jiuyu Liu        Hiroaki Morino      Kun Qian              Shinya Sugiura       Weijian Wang
Jie Huang             Sooyoung Kim         Junyu Liu        Masafumi            Meng Qin              Gizem Sümen          Wenbo Wang
Nuo Huang             Wonjun Kim           Lifu Liu           Moriyama          Guixian Qu            Chen Sun             Xiaolu Wang
Qiang Huang           Mari Kobayashi       Miao Liu         Alireza Morsali     Kaige Qu              Jin Sun              Xijun Wang
Xiaojing Huang        Paul Kogeda          Miao Liu         Nadia Mouawad       Kaige Qu              Jinlong Sun          Xuyu Wang
Yilong Hui            Shun Kojima          Mingliu Liu      Amrita Mukherjee    Jeanne Quimby         Jinlong Sun          Yang Wang
Matthias Hummert      Shun Kojima          Mingyuan Liu     Mithun Mukherjee    Faheem Qureshi        Mengying Sun         Yangbing Wang
Niamat Hussain        Chuili Kong          Peixi Liu        Priyadarshi         Sara Shakil Qureshi   Ran Sun              Yu Wang
Rasheed Hussain       Alva Kosasih         Peng Liu           Mukherjee         Ahmed Raafat          Ruijin Sun           Yu Wang
Kim Hyunbum           Haris Kremo          Pengfei Liu      Shayok              Saadane Rachid        Yan Sun              Yuan Wang
Augustus Ibhaze       Toshihiro Kujirai    Qiang Liu          Mukhopadhyay      Alvin Ramoutar        Yanglong Sun         Yuhao Wang
Shinsuke Ibi          Michel Kulhandjian   Ru Liu           Takumi Murata       Zhiyuan Ren           Yao Sun              Yuntao Wang
Amani Ibraheem        Debidas Kundu        Runnan Liu       Osamu Muta          Olivier Renaudin      Zhili Sun            Yuting Wang
Mohamed Ibrahem       Gunes Karabulut      Shengli Liu      Qurrat-Ul-Ain       Geraldine             Chang Kyung Sung     Zhengqiang Wang
Muhammad Ijaz           Kurt               Tingting Liu       Nadeem              Rangmoen            Himal A. Suraweera   Zhuwei Wang
Augustine Ikpehai     Daniel Tettey        Xiangguo Liu     Ahmed Naeem           Rimven              Katsuya Suto         Zijie Wang
Agbotiname Imoize       Kwabena            Xin Liu          Katsuhiro Naito     Ian P. Roberts        Takumi Takahashi     Ziteng Wang
Kei Inage             Jonathan C. Kwan     Xin Liu          Ryo Nakano          Ramiro Robles         Osamu Takyu          Yoshito Watanabe
Mamiko Inamori        Chuan-Chi Lai        Xing Liu         Nasir               Sandra Roger          Bo Tan               Jiaqi Wei
Muhammad Iqbal        Yiming Lai           Yalin Liu        Ahmed Nasser        Ciprian Romeo         Yoshinori Tanaka     Li Wei
Muhammad Shahid       Phi Van Lam          Yi Liu           Bao-Huy Nguyen        Comsa               Jie Tang             Pengfei Wei
  Iqbal               Ping Lang            Yi Liu           Kien Nguyen         Kay Romer             Ming Tang            Tong Wei
James Irvine          Akinyemi Lateef      Yiliang Liu      Lap Luat Nguyen     Maik Röper            Suhua Tang           Yannan Wei
Lucky A. Ishaku         Adesola            Yiming Liu       Luong Nguyen        Matjaz Rozman         Tetsuki Taniguchi    Zhiqiang Wei
Dauda Ishaya          Buon Kiong Lau       Yingting Liu     Nhat Quang Nhan     Luca Rugini           Qin Tao              Chao-Kai Wen
Koji Ishibashi        Mads Lauridsen       Zhi Liu          Rui Ni              Malik Muhammad        Xi Tao               Jinming Wen
Susumu Ishihara       Spyros Lavdas        Zhipeng Liu      Yuanzhi Ni            Saad                Md Nurul Anwar       Krzysztof
Susumu Ishihara       Quang Nhat Le        Zhongyu Liu      Zhengwei Ni         Bashir Olaniyi          Tarek                Wesołowski
Naoki Ishikawa        Mai T. P. Le         Zilong liu       Jinhui Ning           Sadiq               Muhammad Ashar       Sven Wittig
Kentaro Ishizu        Nguyen Phi Le        Yan Long         Jinhui Ning         Umer Saeed              Tariq              Celimuge Wu
Md. Mahmudul          Anh Tuyen Le         Miguel López-    Toshihiko           Hemant Saggar         Emmanuel Tashiwa     Dehao Wu
  Islam               Byungju Lee            Benítez          Nishimura         André Saito             Ibrahim            Fan Wu
Muhammad Islam        Byungju Lee          Huali Lu         Takayuki Nishio     Manabu Sakai          Tharaj Thaj          Haimeng Wu
Shajid Islam          David Lee            Kevin Lu         Guanchong Niu       Kosuke Sanada         Gokulnath            Huaqing Wu
Masaaki Ito           Gilsoo Lee           Ning Lu          Xianhua Niu         Luca Sanguinetti        Thandavarayan      Huici Wu
Yusuke Ito            Hyukyeon Lee         Ning Lu          Masakatsu Ogawa     Paramin               John Thompson        Huihui Wu
Nobuhiko Itoh         Ying Loong Lee       Shihang Lu       Takeo Ohgane          Sangwongngam        Tianrui              Peiyan Wu
Masashi Iwabuchi      Woongsup Lee         Xiaozhen Lu      Shuichi Ohno        Wiroonsak             Jun Tong             Tin-Yu Wu
Tatsuhiko Iwakuni     Janne Lehtomäki      Tom H. Luan      Chikara Ohta          Santipach           Chung-Hsien Tsai     Wei Wu
Hiroki Iwata          Cristiano Fernando   Tom H. Luan      Mai Ohta            Julio Cesar Santos    Hsin-Mu Tsai         Zheyu Wu
Jacek Izydorczyk        Lewandoski         Tham Mau Luen    Hiraku Okada          dos Anjos           Ming-Fong Tsai       En-Jun Xia
Jalal Jalali          Aohan Li             Changqing Luo    Eiji Okamoto        Anitha Saravana       Zhong-Ting Tsai      Na xia
Anand Jee             Bin Li               Hejia Luo        Kennedy Okokpujie     Kumar               Po-Hsuan Tseng       Wenchao Xia
Gwanggil Jeon         Chenxi Li            Qu Luo           Tatsuki Okuyama     Koya Sato             George Tsoulos       Xinjiang Xia
Yo-Seb Jeon           Feng Li              Zhe Luo          Oladejo Sunday      Mathis Schmieder      Takahiro Tsuchiya    Lin Xiang
Sumin Jeong           Guyue Li             Luca Lusvarghi     Oladayo           Adrian Schumacher     Manabu Tsukada       Qiqi Xiao
Xiaodong Ji           He Li                Dinh Ha Ly       Gbenga Abidemi      Chan See              Shogo Uchida         Junfeng Xie
Zijie Ji              Jinglin Li           Bin Lyu            Olarinoye         Daniyal Ali Sehrai    Akira Uchiyama       Ling Xiong
Shaobo Jia            Junling Li           Bin Lyu          Olfa                Chengzhao Shan        Kenta Umebayashi     Chaonong Xu
Fan Jiang             Kai Li               Yibo Lyu         Thant Zin Oo        Lin Shan              Shusaku Umeda        Wenchao Xu
Hao Jiang             Ke-Xin Li            Runbo Ma         Abayomi Otebolaku   Hua Shao              Prabhat Kumar        Xiaobin Xu
Xu Jiang              Lixin Li             Shuai Ma         Safa Otoum          Sanjeev Sharma          Upadhyay           Yongjun Xu

10                                                                  2021 94th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference             VTC2021-Fall
Yongjun Xu           Ruizhe Yang           Yue Yin               Weijie Yuan         Lihao Zhang            Zhiyu Zhang            Conghao Zhou
Yunting Xu           Sufang Yang           Yue Yin               Chau Yuen           Liye Zhang             Dezong Zhao            Conghao Zhou
Yunting Xu           Sushu Yang            Zhisheng Yin          Alessio Zappone     Min Zhang              Dongmei Zhao           Di Zhou
Fu Xue               Wanting Yang          Daiki Yoda            Shah Zeb            Nannan Zhang           Feiran Zhao            Haibo Zhou
Fu Xue               Xiao Yang             Wang Yong             Li Zecheng          Ning Zhang             Kanglian Zhao          Hao Zhou
Jianzhe Xue          Zhaohui Yang          Jiabao Yu             Dmitry Zelenchuk    Ran Zhang              Lian Zhao              Jing Zhou
Kaiping Xue          Zhaohui Yang          Jiadong Yu            Thomas Zemen        Ronghui Zhang          Lou Zhao               Lin Zhou
Songyan Xue          Halim                 Kai Yu                Jun Zeng            Sheng Zhang            Nan Zhao               Mu Zhou
B. Yahaya              Yanikomeroglu       Keping Yu             Bei Zhang           Siqi Zhang             Peng Zhao              Siyang Zhou
Koji Yamamoto        Kazuto Yano           Peng Yu               Di Zhang            Tingping Zhang         Ruijie Zhao            Yi Zhou
Ryo Yamamoto         Feng Ye               Peng Yu               Gongzheng Zhang     Tingping Zhang         Ruijie Zhao            Yue Zhou
Zhibo Yan            Wentao Ye             Tianhang Yu           Hongbo Zhang        Wence Zhang            Shuyue Zhao            Jia Zhu
Hao Yang             Xuehan Ye             Tzu-Hsu Yu            Hongming Zhang      Xibeng Zhang           Wenwen Zhao            Jia Zhu
Haochen Yang         Yuanfan Ye            Wenjuan Yu            Hongyang Zhang      Xinyu Zhang            Xuanpeng Zhao          Jinle Zhu
Haojun Yang          Phee Lep Yeoh         Yu Yu                 Jiayi Zhang         Yao Zhang              Yu Zhao                Lingrui Zhu
Jingyan Yang         Yibin                 Zhiyuan Yu            Jingwei Zhang       Yixiao Zhang           Yue Zhao               Yinxiao Zhuo
Jinsong Yang         Cheng Yin             Jinhong Yuan          Jiyuan Zhang        Yongmin Zhang          Zhouqiao Zhao          Zhiqiang Zuo
Mi Yang              Jiaying Yin           Quan Yuan             Junlin zhang        Yundong Zhang          Fei Zheng              刘威
Mingyuan Yang        Lu Yin                Weijie Yuan           Kehan Zhang         Zeyu Zhang             Wang Zhijie            陈开志
Qi Yang              Sixing Yin            Weijie Yuan           Kexin Zhang         Zhicai Zhang           Yi Zhong               黄毅

                                                                Tutorials
A range of tutorials will be held given by experts from industry and academia.
T1: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for                                  CNRS, CentraleSupelec, Univ. Paris Sud, France. He is a Distinguished
                                                                             Visiting Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (UK), and co-
Future Wireless Communications                                               founder of the university spin-off company WEST Aquila s.r.l., Italy. Dr.
Alessio Zappone, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio,                   Di Renzo received the THALES Communications fellowship (2003-
Italy;Marco Di Renzo, CNRS – Centrale- Supelec – Univ. Paris-                2006), University of L’Aquila, Italy; the De ́rogation pour
Sud, France; Shi Jin, Southeast University, China; Merouane                  l’Encadrement de These (2010), University of Paris- Sud, France; the
Debbah, Huawei France R&D / Centralesupelec, France                          2012 IEEE CAMAD, 2014 IEEE CAMAD, 2014 IEEE ATC, 2015 IEEE
                                                                             ComManTel Best Paper Awards; the 2013 IEEE- COMSOC Best Young
   As 5G networks take their final form, connectivity demands                Researcher Award for Europe, Middle East and Africa; the 2015-2018
continue to increase exponentially and new services pose more                CNRS Award for Excellence in Research and in Advising Doctoral
constraints on the performance that end-users expect. A recent               Students; the 2017 IEEE- SEE Alain Glavieux Award. He serves as
technological breakthrough with the potential to meet these                  Editor in Chief of the IEEE Communications Letters and Editor of the
demands is that of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). This           IEEE Transactions on Communications. He is an IEEE Fellow and a
tutorial first elaborates on why present 5G technologies are not             Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Communications and IEEE
enough to keep up with the requirements expected of 6G                       Vehicular Technology Societies.
                                                                                Shi Jin is a is a frequent tutorial/keynote speaker at international
wireless networks and then introduces the fundamental
                                                                             conferences, where he gave more than 20 lecture talks. For example, he
principles and latest design approaches of RISs for beyond 5G                gave the tutorial Low-Cost Massive MIMO: From Theory to Practice at
wireless communications, showing how the RIS technology is a                 several renowned IEEE conferences, such as VTC2016-Spring, IEEE
very promising technology for 6G wireless networks.                          GLOBECOM 2016, ICCC 2016, ICASSP 2017, and he gave the keynote
   We believe that a tutorial on the principles and latest                   Model-Driven Deep Learning for Physical Layer Commu- nications at
approaches of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for beyond 5G              the 2018 International Conference on 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity.
wireless communications will be of great value for both                      He has also given several invited tutorial talks at several universities in
academics and industry practitioners. This tutorial is unique of             China. He has more than ten years of experience as a university
                                                                             professor with the Southeast University, Nanjing, China, teaching
its kind, as it provides a cohesive vision of the emerging field of
                                                                             courses at both the Master Degree and Ph.D. level.
RIS-based communications, addressing both the theoretical                       Merouane Debbah is a frequent tutorial/keynote speaker at
methodologies and more practical issues related to real-world                international conferences, with more than 50 talks. Recent examples
implementation. Therefore, the audience will receive a unique                include: Catalonia Distinguished Lecture- ship Program, 2009; Plenary
training experience.                                                         at the Femtocell workshop at Globecom 2010; Newcom++ Spring
                                                                             School on Cognitive Wireless Communication Networks, 2010; Indoor
   Alessio Zappone obtained his Ph.D. degree in elec- trical engineering
                                                                             and Outdoor Femto Cells workshop at PIMRC 2010; VTC2011-Spring
in 2011 from the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino,
                                                                             BeFEMTO keynote workshop speaker; Keynote speaker at ICASSP
Italy. His Ph.D. studies were focused on distributed algorithms for
                                                                             2011; Tutorial Random Matrix Theory for Advanced Commu- nication
energy-efficient resource allocation in wireless networks. After
                                                                             Systems at IEEE WCNC 2012; Tutorial Random Ma- trix Advances in
obtaining his Ph.D. Alessio has been with the Technische Universita ̈t
                                                                             Signal Processing at SPAWC 2013; Plenary speaker at ISWCS 2014;
Dresden, Germany, managing the project CEMRIN on energy-efficient
                                                                             Plenary speaker at Valuetools 2014; Plenary speaker at the
resource allocation in wireless networks, funded by the Ger- man
                                                                             International School on Small Cells and 5G, 2015; Tutorial Speaker
Research Foundation. From 2017 to 2019 he has been the recipient of
                                                                             Massive MIMO for 5G at ISWCS 2015; Plenary speaker at EUSIPCO
the H2020 Individual Marie Curie fellowship for experienced
                                                                             2015.
researchers BESMART, carried out in the LANEAS group of
CentraleSupelec, Paris, France. He is now a tenured professor at the         T2: Physical Layer Security: Latest Trends,
university of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy. He was appointed
exemplary reviewer for the IEEE Transactions on Communications and
                                                                             Threats, and Countermeasures
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications in 2017. Alessio is an          Huseyin Arslan, University of South Florida, USA
IEEE Senior Member, serves as senior area editor for the IEEE Signal            Today’s wireless services and systems have come a long way
Processing Letters and as guest editor for the IEEE Journal on Selected      since the rollout of the conventional voice-centric cellular
Areas On Communications (Special Issues on Energy-Efficient
                                                                             systems. The demand for wireless access in voice and multi-
Techniques for 5G Wireless Communication Systems and on Wireless
Networks Empowered by RIS).                                                  media applications has increased tremendously. The trend on the
   Marco Di Renzo received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and                variety and the number of mobile devices along with the mobile
Information Engineering from the University of L’Aquila, Italy, in 2007.     applications will certainly continue beyond 5G, creating a wide
Since 2010, he is Associate Professor with Paris-Saclay University –         range of technical challenges. One of the biggest challenges is

27 September - 28 October 2021 Final Program                                                                                                         11
the security of the communication beyond the classical crypto                 published over 10 journal papers on the topic of reconfigurable
based approaches which secure the information. In this talk,                  intelligent material aided communications and sensing, including 2 first-
security aspects of the physical communication and also                       author ones. One of her journal papers is currently listed as highly cited
                                                                              papers in Web of Science. She is currently an Editor for IEEE
physical signal which is called Physical Layer Security (PHY
                                                                              Transactions on Vehicular Technology. She has also served as a
Security) will be discussed. Latest trends, threats, and                      reviewer for multiple IEEE journals including IEEE JSAC, TWC,
techniques to improve the security of the physical signal will be             TCOM, etc., and a TPC member for IEEE GLOBECOM and ICC several
discussed.                                                                    times.
   Dr. Arslan (IEEE Fellow, IEEE Distinguished Lecturer) has received            Hongliang Zhang (S’15-M’19) received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees
his BS degree from Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara,           at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Peking
Turkey in 1992; MS and Ph.D. degrees in 1994 and 1998 from Southern           University, in 2014 and 2019, respectively. He was a Postdoctoral
Methodist University (SMU), Dallas, TX. USA. From January 1998 to             Fellow in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the
August 2002, he was with the research group of Ericsson Inc., NC, USA,        University of Houston, Texas from Jul. 2019 to Jul. 2020. Currently, he
where he was involved with several projects related to 2G and 3G              is a Postdoctoral Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering
wireless communication systems. Since August 2002, he has been with           at Princeton University, New Jersey. His current research interest
the Electrical Engineering Dept. of University of South Florida, Tampa,       includes cooperative communications, Internet-of-Things networks,
FL, USA, where he is a Professor.                                             hypergraph theory, and optimization theory. He received the best
   Dr. Arslan’s research interests are related to advanced signal             doctoral thesis award from Chinese Institute of Electronics in 2019. He
processing techniques at the physical and medium access layers, with          has served as a TPC Member for many IEEE conferences, such as
cross-layer design for networking adaptivity and Quality of Service           Globecom, ICC, and WCNC. He is currently an Editor for IET
(QoS) control. He is interested in many forms of wireless technologies        Communications. He also serves as a Guest Editor for IEEE IoT-J
including cellular radio, wireless PAN/LAN/MANs, fixed wireless               special issue on Internet of UAVs over Cellular Networks.
access, aeronautical networks, underwater networks, in vivo networks,            Lingyang Song (S’03-M’06-SM’12-F’19) received his PhD from the
and wireless sensors networks. His current research interests are on 5G       University of York, UK, in 2007, where he received the K. M. Stott Prize
and beyond, physical layer security, interference management                  for excellent research. He worked as a research fellow at the University
(avoidance, awareness, and cancellation), cognitive radio, small cells,       of Oslo, Norway until rejoining Philips Research UK in March 2008. In
powerline communications, smart grid, UWB, multi-carrier wireless             May 2009, he joined the School of Electronics Engineering and
technologies, dynamic spectrum access, co-existence issues on                 Computer Science, Peking University, and is now a Boya Distinguished
heterogeneous networks, aeronautical (High Altitude Platform)                 Professor. His main research interests include wireless
communications, in vivo channel modeling and system design, and               communications, mobile computing, and machine learning. Dr. Song is
underwater acoustic communications. He has served as technical                the co-author of many awards, including IEEE Leonard G. Abraham
program committee chair, technical program committee member,                  Prize in 2016, IEEE ICC 2014, IEEE ICC 2015, IEEE Globecom 2014,
session and symposium organizer, and workshop chair in several IEEE           and the best demo award in the ACM Mobihoc 2015. He received
conferences. He is currently a member of the editorial board for the          National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2017, First
IEEE Surveys and Tutorials and the Sensors Journal. He has also served        Prize in Nature Science Award of Ministry of Education of China in
as a member of the editorial board for the IEEE Transactions on               2017. Dr. Song has served as a IEEE ComSoc Distinguished Lecturer
Communications, the IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications             (2015-2018), an Area Editor of IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
and Networking (TCCN), the Elsevier Physical Communication Journal,           Technology (2019-), Co-chair of IEEE Communications Society Asia
the Hindawi Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Wiley         Pacific Board Technical Affairs Committee (2020-). He is a Clarivate
Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Journal.                          Analytics Highly Cited Researcher.
                                                                                 Zhu Han (S’01–M’04-SM’09-F’14) received the B.S. degree in
T3: MetaEverything: Intelligent Meta-Material                                 electronic engineering from Tsinghua University, in 1997, and the M.S.
Aided Sensing and Communications                                              and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of
                                                                              Maryland, College Park, in 1999 and 2003, respectively. From 2000 to
Boya Di, Imperial College London, UK; Hongliang Zhang,
                                                                              2002, he was an R&D Engineer of JDSU, Germantown, Maryland.
Princeton University, USA; Lingyang Song, Peking University,                  From 2003 to 2006, he was a Research Associate at the University of
China; Zhu Han, University of Houston, USA                                    Maryland. From 2006 to 2008, he was an assistant professor in Boise
   The future wireless networks are exhibiting a trend towards                State University, Idaho. Currently, he is a Professor in Electrical and
                                                                              Computer Engineering Department as well as Computer Science
the intelligent communication and sensing system to support a
                                                                              Department at the University of Houston, Texas. His research interests
variety of applications requiring high data rates, low hardware               include wireless resource allocation and management, wireless
cost, and fine-resolution sensing. Fortunately, with the recent               communications and networking, game theory, wireless multimedia,
development of new materials, reconfigurable intelligent meta-                security, and smart grid communication. Dr. Han received an NSF
material provides an efficient approach to reshape and control                Career Award in 2010, the Fred W. Ellersick Prize of the IEEE
the electromagnetic characteristics of the environment, which                 Communication Society in 2011, the EURASIP Best Paper Award for
can be utilized to enhance the performance of communication                   the Journal on Advances in Signal Processing in 2015, the IEEE Kiyo
and sensing. In this tutorial, we will first provide a general                Tomiyasu Award in 2021, and several best paper awards in IEEE
                                                                              conferences. Dr. Han is top 1% highly cited researcher according to
introduction of the intelligent meta-material along with the state-
                                                                              Web of Science since 2017, and AAAS fellow since 2019.
of-the-art research in different areas. We then introduce the
unique features of intelligent meta-material which enlighten its              T4: Secure Protocol Designs for Next Generation
broad applications to communication and sensing, in a                         Wireless Systems
comprehensive way. Related design, analysis, optimization, and                Yi Qian, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
signal processing techniques will be presented. Typical meta-
                                                                                 The fifth generation (5G) and the beyond wireless systems are
material based applications for both cellular communications
                                                                              the next generation mobile wireless telecommunications beyond
and radio frequency sensing as well as localization will be
                                                                              the current 4G/International Mobile Telecommunications
explored. The implementation issues along with our developed
                                                                              Advance Systems. Not only enhanced mobile broadband
prototypes and experiments will also be discussed. Formalized
                                                                              communications       but    also    ultra-reliable  low-latency
analysis of several up-to-date challenges and technical details on
                                                                              communications and massive machine-type communications are
system design will be provided for different applications.
                                                                              supported by 5G and beyond wireless networks. New
   Boya Di (S’17-M’19) received the B.S. degree from Peking University        architecture and advanced technologies are applied in 5G
in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from Peking University in 2019. Currently       wireless systems to support different use cases. New security
she is post-doctoral research associate in Imperial College London,
                                                                              issues and advanced performance requirements are raised by
London, UK. Her main research interests include reconfigurable
intelligent materials, multi-agent systems, wireless resource allocation      various use cases and advanced technologies. To provide
and management, edge computing, and optimization theory. She has              security services with satisfying service performance

12                                                                         2021 94th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference               VTC2021-Fall
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