Gender dimensions in research and education. Challenges and lessons to be learned - Hilda Rømer Christensen Co-ordination for Gender Studies ...
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Gender dimensions in research and education. Challenges and lessons to be learned Hilda Rømer Christensen Co-ordination for Gender Studies University of Copenhagen
Enhedens navn
Sted og dato
Dias 2
Scientific commitees, expertgroups etc 2004-2005.Styreleder (chair) at the Board of Nordisk Institut for Kvinde- og Kønsforskning, Oslo appointed by Nordisk Ministerråd./ Danish Minister of Equality, 2010- present: Sino- Danish University Centre, Beijing: Member of Scientific committee on Welfare and Innovation. 2013 – 2018: member of the EU/ FP 8/ HORIZON 2020: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions’ Advisory Group / appointed by the EU Commission. 2014 – 2018: member of the EU/ FP 8/ HORIZON 2020/ Advisory Group on Gender, appointed by the EU Commission. 2014 – present: member of the reference group for Horizon 2020 Transport, app. By the Danish research Council.
21/05/2019 4 Management experiences international networks and projects: 2006-2007: Head of TRANSGEN. SSA project financed by the European Commission. FP 6. 2007-2011. Partner in FEMCIT. Integrated project financed by the European Commission/ FP6 2009-2012: Partner in SKILL-RAIL. European Rail programme. SSÅP/ EU FP 7 Programme . 2012-2015: Member of the EU COST Action: Gender, Science, Technology and Environment – gender STE. 2017-2019: Head of “ A New Nordic Model of Sustainable Transport for All? Gendering knowledge, methodology and innovation.” Nordic research Network financed by Nos-SH. 2018-2021: Partner/conceptual PI of TINNGO – HORIZON 2020 R and I project.
Transgen – Gender Mainstreaming
Transport and mobility in the EU
https://koensforskning.soc.k
u.dk/projekter/transgen/
Transport practices
Transport as a labour market
Decision making - politics
and research
Cultures and values
21/05/2019 6
• TINNGO: Transport innovation gender observatory
EU horizon 2020 project
2018-2021
17 partners
Focus
Gender sensitive
challenges, needs and
Gender smart mobility
Enhedens navn
Depart from gendered innovations/
Londa Schiebinger
What is needed?
1. Researchers: need to learn advanced
methods of sex-gender analysis
2. Universities need to incorporate these
methods in their curriculum
3. Corporations: integrate these insights into
product design - gendered innovations
Sted og dato
Dias 7
21/05/2019 8 focus of presentation: 1. concepts: What is gender/ sex gender analysis? 2. Good practice: research directory and Gender certificate as good practice 3. Cases/projects of gendered innovations Energy, food, transport.
What is gender….
”gender” shall •It is nonsense. Men
are
mean the
socially •men and women are
women.
constructed •There might be a
roles, certain kind
behaviours, •or social influence,
activities and but
attributes of •nontheless we are
women and the
men.” •genders, we are
born with.
What is gender….
”gender” shall mean the It is nonsense. Men are
socially constructed roles, men and women are
behaviours, activities and women.
attributes of women and There might be a certain
men.” kind
or social influence, but
Article 3 Definitions: Council of
Europe Convention on prevention
nontheless we are the
and combating violence against genders, we are born with.
women and domestic violence:
Pia Adelsteen-
spokeswomen for gender
equality,
Danish People’s PartyEnhedens navn
Sex-Gender analysis – dynamic and flexible.
Sex refers to biological qualities Gender – a socio-cultural
characteristic of women /females process – refers to cultural
and men / males I and social attitudes that
together shape and sanction
reproductive organs and functions based
“feminine” and “masculine”
on chromosomal complement and
physiology. As such, sex is globally behaviours, products,
understood as the classification of living technologies, environments,
things as male and female, and intersexed. and knowledge.
Sex/ gender analysis: is an umbrella term for the entire
research cycle that includes the integration of sex
and/or gender considerations from the setting of
research priorities through defining concepts,
developing methodologies, gathering and analysing data
to evaluating and reporting results and transferring
them to markets.
Sted og dato
Dias 1121/05/2019 12 Gendered innovations: http://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/ Gender blind innovation is based on ”wrong assumptions” - costs lives, money and well being!
20th century Car culture – gender constructions
Gender research – directory In DK 300 researchers in total ca 100 at Ucop. 30 themes Researchers in centres, institutions, projects etc. Co-ordination is vital
21/05/2019 15
Themes in gender research interdisciplinary
and innovative …. But. …
Arts and social science
most prominent.
weak gender research in i
STEM disciplines science,
technology, engineering
life/ and health.
EU and DK – STEM
discipines high priorities
for growth and welfare .21/05/2019 16 Total budget: 80 billion euro, ca. 600 milliarder danske kroner
21/05/2019 17 Horizon 2020 – temaer:
Fix the women? MSCA strategiy Increase family women carrieer allowance/ possible breaks / 56 % career start men 24 % All MSCA projects take measures to facilitate mobility and counter- women: + act gender related conflicts barriers professional and Equal opportunities private life.. / ensured for lower carrieer researchers and targets descision making/ supervision
What is the problem? Gender Gaps ( 2006 graduates) humanities (52% of women) social sciences and MSCA actions: / FP 7 business law (47% of evaluation women) health and welfare (54% of women). FP 7 12 % of MSCA agricultural and actions in humanities veterinary sciences and social sciences (51% of women) On the contrary, the field of science, mathematics and computing 41 % women engineering, manufacturing and construction 25 %
MSCA paradoxs - holy cows?
Support for emerging
talent
Buttum up principles ???
Open to all domains of
research and innovation
from basic research to Gender dimension –
where??
market take up and
innovation services
Gendered innovations
Research and innovation
Earmark budgets ???
fields chosen freely by
the applicants
Gender budgetting??
Fully buttom up manner21/05/2019 21 Sex-gender analysis as part of university curriculum – Copenhagen case.. Gender certificate: 30 ects courses in gender and body themes Gender cerfiticate plus: 30 ects courses ´+ MA thesis Gender certificate practice 30 ects course + 1 term practice in institution etc.
21/05/2019 22 Gender certificate requirements • Open for all students from all faculties • Choose from a catalogue of certified courses/ 25- 35 per term • Submit application/ approved by cross faculty board • Signed certificate! • Outreach/ external board
21/05/2019 23 Sex-gender analysis as part of University of Copenhagens curriculum and profile Copenhagen Summer University 2019: Gender certificate for external experts/managers and decision-makers - 5 days course gender theory/methods/ case work Future plan: 1 year MA for students + part time students.
21/05/2019 24 gender certificate core courses Gendering quantitative methods and big data. Gendered innovations with external partners Gender and body dynamics. Introduction to concepts and theories.
21/05/2019 25 projects • Energy - ecape project • Food • Transport - tinngo project
21/05/2019 26 EU horizon 2020 - gender dimension food, energy and transport – lagging behind!
co2 foot print – housing and transport - gender differences
Kirsten Gram-Hanssen ERC – advanced grant
eCAPE: New Energy Consumer roles and smart technologies –
Actors, Practices and Equality
www.ecape.aau.dk
The eCAPE project starts 1 November 2018 and runs
for 5 years. eCAPE is financed by the European
Research Council (ERC) under the European Union´s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation
program. eCAPE received an ERC Advanced Grant
worth 2.11 million Euro under the grant agreement
number 786643. The project is led by Professor
Kirsten Gram-Hanssen from the Danish Building
Research Institute at AAU Copenhagen.
SBi – 21/05/2019 2921/05/2019 30 Gendering smart household technologies
Three theoretical lines within theories of practice will be developed: 1.The importance of gender and social structures when studying household practices, including how these social structures influence formation of practices and how, in turn, social structures are formed by the development of practices. 2.The role of the ethical consumer in developing new practices, including how learning processes, media discourses and institutionalised knowledge influence formation of practices. 3.The inclusion of non-humans as carriers and performers of practices, rather than seeing the material arrangements only as the context for practices, especially when dealing with automated and internet connected technologies.
What to learn from gender studies related to home, technology and practices? • Power is at stake • Gender: Dualist thinking and how to overcome it • Gender is co-constructed with space (e.g. suburban home=female; Urban public=male) • Gender and technology are co-constructed • Gender is significant (but not one- dimensional) for domestic practices • Gender - together with class, nationality etc - is structuring for how we life, practice and understand • We are socialized to our gender by discourses, politics, institutions and labor market (Mechlenborg and Gram-Hanssen, in writing process) • It is possible both to un-do and re-do gender SBi – 21/05/2019 32
21/05/2019 33 ‘Gendered food practices and dietary health among socioeconomically disadvantaged
21/05/2019 34 ‘Proper’ food under economic restraints: Gendered food practices and dietary health among socioeconomically disadvantaged professor Bente Halkier and Lotte Holm, University of Copenhagen A study of the everyday life processes in ‘translating’ socioeconomical disadvantage into less healthier diets RQ: “How are conditions and experiences of socioeconomic disadvantage enacted in food practices and in the handling of food related health discourses among Danish men and women?” Subproject 1: Female food work, caregiving and dietary healthiness Women still cook majority of meals + expectation to be the food and health manager by default Subproject 2: Masculine food practices, changing expectations and dietary healthiness Men under-researched regarding food + new statistics suggest changes in their everyday relation with food
Meet consumption – meet and
masculinity…
• UN- FAO: Denmark no 1 in
the world in terms of meat
consumtion per citizen
• DK: 145,9 kilo per person
per year
• Greenland (113,8 kilo per
år), Iceland (84,8 kilo per
år), Sweden (76,1 kilo per
år), Finland (67,4 kilo per år)
• Norway 61,7 kilo per år.Food consumtion– gender differences
36 months
RIA
Coventry University (Coordinator)
University of Copenhagen
HORIZON2020
VTI
Sboing Mobility for Growth
Ilmenau University of Technology
MG-4-3-2018
Integral Consulting R&D
Politechnico di Torino Demographic change
Municipality of Alba Iulia
West Midlands Combined and participation of
Authority
Signosis Sprl
women in transport
VTM
….and more
3.979.502 €21/05/2019 38 Tinngo departs from existing knowledge gaps • Knowledge and policy gaps documented in: 1. Transgen: 2007 Gender mainstreaming European transport and research – as presented and elaborated in the Transgen project. 2. Eige report: Gender Equality and Climate Change ( 2012) – which substantiated transport and sustainability as a vital part of the European responses to the Beijing Platform of Action/ Area K. 3. CIVITAS’ report ‘Gender Equality and Mobility: Mind the Gap!’ (2014)..
21/05/2019 39 Tinngo smarting mobility research 1. Definitions. Smart mobility as including both social/ gender and tInnovations: technological aspects. 2. addressing cutting edge technologies such as smart biking and car sharing, as well as autonomous cars/vehicles. 3. Methodologies - using / developing various big data methodologies as generic models for smart transport planning. 4. Dissemination / and policy making: in the launching of Tinngo/ hubs laboratories
20th century Car culture – gender gaps
Gendered differences in Commute trip length Number of trips Type of trips Travel time Travel mode Travel obstacles Representation in politics, research and governance
Gender and transport Sweden
TINNGO road map/wp 4 survey spring
2019Tinngo road map/ survey 2019:
Transport ministers Europe 1945 ff
254 in total - 23 women21/05/2019 45
strategies
1. gender equality in automobility? Include more
women as drivers ?
2. Use women’s transport patterns as a model
3. New solutions – towards gender smart mobilities..Change if men travelled like women if women travelled like men..
TINNGO project: Media- topical modelling Info media / or similar as a text corpus – machine readings verify hypothesis e.g. men/autonomous cars/ women/ public transport, contextualized and Visualized in word clouds Mixed methods: Distant reading: digital/ topical readings + close analysis: focus groups, interviews etc.
21/05/2019 48 TINNGO project: Agent based modelling Micro simulation scenarious / computer /or game? e.g. city skylines develop ed/ or used as elicitor and/or combined Regression/ multivariable analysis ( combine various socio cultural categories)
Dias
Enhedens navn Sted og dato 49
Whats the point? Gender specific data feed
in to global and regional indexes21/05/2019 50
Transport from modern to smart..??
modern 20th century Smart 21.st century
Transport and car-culture
key promoters of growth Hopes and dreams..
and wealth
reduction and mitigation
BUT of the negative impacts of
Waste of public space, transport. improve urban
congestion, accident, air environment
pollution, noise, diseases/
urban obesity/ BUT…..
Produced inequality21/05/2019 51 Autonomous cars – market appeal to men..
21/05/2019 52 TINNGO: Gender smart mobility – broad, inclusive and dynamic: INCLUSIVE TRANSPORTATION AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION: EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION: ATTRACTIVE TRANSPORTATION: SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION:
Two cases of gender smart mobility Mobike and shared biking – home grown Chinese innovation The roller home grown Nordic innovation
21/05/2019 54 Disruptive-gendered innovation disruptive -gendered innovations should meet every day needs and create significant changes in terms of sustainable practices and gender equality.
21/05/2019 55 Gendered innovations include sex/gender analysis in the innovation process Gender, understood as a variety of forms and expressions Cultural and biological Gender should be reflected from conception of ideas, over design processes and methods gender applied to the inclusion of gendered end users the kitchen table perspective/ real life perspective important !
21/05/2019 56
Mobike founder and president…
“Bikes cannot only change
people and cities, but also
the world. It is not only the
symbol of peace, but also a
weapon to fight the climate
Change.”
( Hu Weiwei, founder and
president of Mobike on the
reception of the UN Champion
of the Earth award, UN
Conference on Environment,
Nairobi, December 2017)21/05/2019 57 Can a young female journalist led her company to achieve her target, she won’t succeed”!
21/05/2019 58 Mobike as gendered innovation Meet growing demand of urban (women) professionals with low salaries and no access to cars + broader middle class appeal High tech – low tech. Mobike pioneers new technology and business models gendered innovations enabled by the transition from industrial to digital modes of production“based on brain, rather than brawn, and on networks rather than a technical-professional hierarchy”.
21/05/2019 59 Shared biking – change of urban transport
21/05/2019 60 the roller: Nordic model of Gender smart mobility –
21/05/2019 61
21/05/2019 62
21/05/2019 63 Francois Zimeray, French ambassador in Denmark, 2013: • The roller which is so visible in the streets of Copenhagen, is a practical instrument, which extends the active life for seniors with many years. We ought to introduce the roller in France. • But it will take many decades to get Paris women to appear in public with such a practical devise. Then rather sit isolated in an appartment..
21/05/2019 64 The roller – smart is NOT always digital ! Real life + user driven innovation Simple and accessible technology- Disrupting ideas of old age and mobility Links to ideas and practices of gender, welfare regimes, state and family Social innovation in Belgium?
21/05/2019 65 Thanks for your attention!
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