Nigeria Disaster Preparedness Strategies: An Overview of Existing Disaster Response Plans

Nigeria Disaster Preparedness
Strategies: An Overview of
Existing Disaster Response Plans

    Presented by Engr. Daniel B. Gambo, Mnse
          Ag. Director of Training, NEMA

INTRODUCTION
• Disasters are Natural or Human induced
  events that disrupts the normal functioning
  of the Society.
• To address the impact of disasters which
  normally happens with or without prior
  notice and often with un-quantified loss to
  lives, property and the destruction to our
  cherished environment, It is necessary to
  put in place Institutions, Policies and Plans.
• The main purpose of these institutions and
  Plans is to address the challenges that are
  often posed by the hazards of disasters in
  a timely, effective and efficient manner in
  order to minimize its impact on the
  vulnerable community.

AIM

The Aim of this session is to present to
you an overview of Nigeria’s institutional
framework      and   existing    disaster
response    plans   that    are    already
developed by NEMA and Stakeholders to
mitigate the impacts of disasters.

SCOPE
•   Response Institutions in Nigeria
•   National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)
•   Functions of NEMA
•   Response Tasks
•   Existing Disaster Response plans in Nigeria

RESPONSE INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSE AGENCIES
•   Nigeria Police Force (NPF)
•   Federal Fire Service (FFS)
•   Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC)
•   Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC)
•   Nigerian Red Cross Society (NRSC)
•   National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)
•   Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA)
•   Nigeria Maritime and safety administration (NIMASA)
•   Nigerian Inland Water Ways (NIWA)
•   Directorate of Road Transport Services (DRTS/VIOs)
•   Private Construction Companies
•   International Development Partners (NGOs)

RESPONSE INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSE AGENCIES
• Federal/ State Ministry of Health (FMOH)
• Federal/ State Ministry of Environment (FMEnv)
• Federal/ State Ministry of Works      (FMOW)
• Federal Roads Maintenance Agency (FERMA)
• Federal Ministry of Transport (FMOT)
• Federal Ministry of Aviation    (FMOAvi)
• Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN)
• Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS)
• Nigerian Customs Service (NCS)
• Nigerian Prison Service (NPS)
• Accident Investigation Bureau (AIB)
• Military (Army, Navy, Air Force) – Disaster
  Response Units (DRUs)

National Emergency Management
         Agency (NEMA)

The National Emergency Management
          Agency (NEMA)
 National Emergency Management Agency
 (NEMA) is an Agency of the Federal
 Government      directly   under    the
 supervision of the Presidency saddled
 with the responsibility of Managing
 disasters in Nigeria. The Agency was
 established through Act 12 (as amended)
 by Act 50 of 1999

FUNCTIONS OF NEMA
•   Formulate policy on all activities
    relating to disaster management in
    Nigeria and co-ordinate the plans and
    programmes for efficient and effective
    response to disasters at national level;
•   Co-ordinate    and   promote    research
    activities    relating    to     disaster
    management at the national level;
•   Monitor the state of preparedness of all
    organizations or agencies which may
    contribute to disaster management in
    Nigeria;

FUNCTIONS OF NEMA
•   Collate data from relevant agencies
    so   as   to   enhance     forecasting,
    planning and field operation of
    disaster management;
•   Educate and inform the public on
    disaster   prevention    and     control
    measures;
•   Co-ordinates    and    facilitate   the
    provision of necessary resources for
    search and rescue and other types of
    disaster curtailment activities in
    response to distress call;

•   Co-ordinate the activities of all voluntary
    organizations engaged in emergency relief
    operations in any part of the Federation;
•   Receive financial and technical aid from
    international  organizations   and  non-
    governmental agencies for the purpose of
    disaster management in Nigeria;
•   Collect emergency relief supply from local,
    foreign sources, including international and
    non-governmental agencies;
•   Distribute emergency relief materials to
    victims of natural or other disasters and to
    assist in the rehabilitation of the victims
    where necessary;

•   Liaise with State Emergency Management
    committees established under section 8 of this
    Act to assess and monitor where necessary,
    the distribution of relief materials to disaster
    victims;

•   Process relief assistance to such countries as
    may be determined from time to time;

•   Liaise with the United Nations Disaster
    Reduction     Organization    or   such     other
    international bodies for the reduction of natural
    and other disasters;

•   Prepare the annual budget          for   disaster
    management in Nigeria; and;

•   Perform such other functions which in the
    opinion of the Agency are required for the
    purpose of achieving its objectives under this
    Act.

Looking at the fifteen – point mandate of
NEMA listed above, you will discover
words such as co-ordinate, collate, liaise,
monitor, collect and receive are used. This
means that NEMA is essentially a
coordinating Agency. It is placed at the
center    of   a   network     of  disaster
management Institutions, liaising and
coordinating their efforts. Thus the
success or failure of disaster management
in Nigeria depends largely on how well
these organizations are working and how
effectively NEMA is able to co-ordinate
their efforts.

RESPONSE TASKS
•   Sensitization
•   Mobilization of resources
•   Assessing the disaster
•   Treating remaining hazard effects
•   Providing water and food
•   Shelter
•   Fatality management
•   Sanitation
•   Security
•   Social services.
•   Resumption of critical infrastructure
•   Donation management

Existing Disaster Response Plans and
             Agreements
• National Disaster Response plan (NDRP) – 2001
• The Integrated National Avian and pandemic
  Influenza Response Plan – 2007
• Search and Rescue and Epidemic Evacuation plan
  (SAREEP) – 2009
• National Contingency Plan on Infrastructural
  resuscitation (NCPIR) – 2010
• National Disaster Management Framework (NDMF) –
  2011
• National Contingency Plan (NCP) – 2012
• National Emergency Management Agency Standard
  Operating Procedures – 2012
• Guidelines for use of Military assets and personnel
  during disasters – 2012
• Memorandum of understanding between NOA,
  NESREA and NEMA - 2013

National Disaster Response plan
                  (NDRP)
The Agency with the active involvement of relevant
stakeholders in disaster management has put in place
to assist it in its role as a coordinator is the production
of a National Disaster Response Plan (NDRP) which has
been approved by the Federal Executive Council in
2001. The Plan:
 States the disaster response and recovery
  actions and responsibilities of the Federal
  Government and its Agencies;
 Describes the Federal Government response
  and recovery resources available to support
  States   and     Local    Government      and
  Communities at the Ward level to save lives,
  Protect public health and safety; protect
  property   and     aid   victims    in   their
  reconstruction efforts after a disaster;

Describes disaster management facilities
available    in    some     non-governmental
organizations which may be called upon for
assistance in times of emergency;

 Describes    the     standard    operation
procedures or disaster response functions of
relevant Federal Government agencies and
some non-governmental organizations;

Assigns disaster response functions       to
various government agencies and NGOs;

Provides a coordinating framework         for
disaster response, with NEMA as its hub.

Identifies 13 key support service areas
    required in disaster management

 Transport;                 Health and medical
 Communication;              services;
 Public works and           Search and rescue;
  Engineering;               Hazardous Material
 Fire Fighting;             Food and Water;
 Information and            Energy;
  Planning;                  Military/Police
 Mass Care;                  support.
 Resource support;

i)   Identify Agencies with roles in each of these areas;
ii) Makes the Agency with core responsibility the primary
or lead agency and the others as secondary or support
agencies;

SEARCH AND RESCUE AND EPIDEMIC
   EVACUATION PLAN (SAREEP)
The Search and Rescue and Epidemic Evacuation Plan (SAREEP)
is a document developed to serve as guide to provide a
coordination and response mechanism for a timely, effective and
efficient disaster response operation on receive of a disaster
alert.

Each section of the document, introduces a scenario using a
specific trigger event or Hazard that has impacted a community
causing a disaster that require the collaboration of stakeholders
to deal with and thus a coordinated multi agency response.

The document identify agencies that have responsibilities in
dealing with such emergencies and assign organizational roles
and tasks, stating Lead and Coordinating agencies at the
Strategic, Tactical and Operational levels of coordination in
disaster management.

The following Hazards are covered in this plan and the
Incident Command Structure (ICS) is employed as the
coordinating Mechanism:
1. Flood                    1. Alerting System
2. Fire                     2. Lines of Authority
3. Collapsed Building       3. Organisational
4. Road Traffic Accident       Roles &
5. Rail Accident               Responsibilities
                               at Strategic,
6. Maritime Disaster           Tactical &
7. Aviation Disaster           operational Levels
8. Oil Spill Disaster
9. Epidemic Disaster
10.Terrorism

The National Disaster Management
         Framework (NDMF)
The National Disaster Management Framework (NDMF) is a
document developed to serve as a regulatory guideline for effective
and efficient disaster management in Nigeria.

 The framework defines measurable, flexible and adaptable
  coordinating structures, and aligns key roles and responsibilities
  of disaster management stakeholders across the nation.

 It describes specific authorities and best practices for managing
  disasters.

 It explains a paradigm shift from response and recovery in
  disaster management to disaster risk reduction.

 It offers a holistic approach to disaster management and serves
  as a legal instrument to address the need for consistency
  among multiple stakeholders.

 It is a coherent, transparent and inclusive policy for disaster
  management in Nigeria.

 All Relevant Disaster management stakeholders
  can use this document as justification for
  organisational preparedness using the roles that
  have been assigned to them in it.

 The plan ensures that all sectors in humanitarian
  responses such as Camp management, Water
  Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Basic Education,
  Food and Nutrition, Logistics, Telecommunication
  and Security are addressed

 It also serves as a link between National, Regional
  and International humanitarian actors.

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
            FRAMEWORK
The NDMF therefore is a       The framework was
foundation upon which all     developed to look at the
plans, policies, programmes   following:
and procedures for disaster   1. Institutional Capacity
management can be             2. Coordination mechanisms
created, developed or
sustained                     3. Disaster Risk Assessment
                              4. Disaster Risk Reduction
                              5. Disaster Prevention,
                                   Preparedness/Mitigation
                              6. Disaster Rehabilitation
                              7. Facilitators

NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN ON
    INFRASTRUCTURAL RESUSCITATION (NCPIR)
The National Contingency Plan on Infrastructural Resuscitation
(NCPIR) is a document developed to serve as guide to provide
business continuity as well as providing a timely, effective and
efficient process of restoring failed critical infrastructures after the
impact of a disaster.

Each section of the document, introduces the general situation and
scenarios where a type of infrastructures is caused to collapse
beyond instant    repairs and   will require the collaboration of
stakeholders to deal with and thus require a coordinating multi
agency response.

It identified trigger events that could lead to these scenarios which
     included the following:
        • Earthquake and Wind storms
        • Fire
        • Flood and Land slides
        • Epidemics
        • Violent conflicts such as Wars and civil crisis
        • Volcanic eruptions
        • Technology-induced disaster

NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR INFRASTRUCTURAL
                  RESUSCITATION (NCPIR)

The plan covers these critical infrastructures and services:

                                   Each theme consist of:
1.   Medical /Health               • Strategic Objectives,
2.   Communication                 • List of relevant
3.   Airports                        Stakeholders,
                                   • Lines of Authority,
4.   Roads and Bridges             • Alerting System,
5.   Electricity                   • Priorities,
6.   Water                         • Resource need and
                                     Capacities
7.   solid /Liquid Waste           • Detailed tasking of each
     Management.                     stakeholders.

NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN (NCP)

The National Contingency Plan is a multi-hazard
contingency plan that specifically focused on
hazards that have highest probability of
occurrence and severity, such as flood,
conflicts, drought and epidemics.

The plan addresses the readiness of disaster
management stakeholders in the country and
defines the modus-operandi for engaging
International assistance if and/or when required.
It is guided by the Global Cluster Groupings to
enable interface with the global system

1. Hazard Risk Scenario
2. Planning Assumptions
3.   Sectoral Response in the following areas:
    Camp management
    Basic education
    Food and Nutrition
    Logistic and Telecommunication
    Security and Protection
    Water, sanitation and hygiene
    Health
    Emergency shelter and Non-food items

4. Contingency supply budget

The integrated National Avian and
     Pandemic influenza response plan
The Plan was developed by the National Inter-Ministerial
Steering Committee on Avian Influenza under the
auspices of the Federal Ministry of Health in 2007 to
address National and State response to the Highly
Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus A/H5N1 that
causes a disease in domestic and wild birds.
The overall strategic approach of the plan is to ensure
that all stakeholders work in a coordinated and
collective way to address the threat posed by avian and
human pandemic influenza.
The Plan also uses the ICS under the overall authority of
the presidency to ensure a unified command of the
multi-sectoral actors and stakeholders.

The integrated National Avian and
   Pandemic influenza response plan

• The plan provided stakeholders with
  roles, responsibilities and coordinating
  mechanisms in the PRE – DURING –
  POST disaster Phases for a time and
  efficient response.

• It identified the following Sectors and
  associate this sector with actors:
 Agriculture Sector
 Health Sector
 Information and Communication Sector

The plan addresses:
 pandemic influenza containment
 mitigation and recovery
 wider non-health consequences of a
  human influenza pandemic
 Cross-cutting communications
 mechanisms for enhancing coordination
  across sectors
 individual autonomy and community
  interest
 Maintaining Non Health Essential
  Services
This Plan will soon be replaced by the Nigeria National
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan.

DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF
     MILITARY PERSONNEL & ASSETS
          DURING EMERGENCIES
The draft guidelines for the use of Military Personnel
and assets during emergency was borne out of the
necessity to activate military assistance to civil
authority out going through the traditional path of
waiting for the President to declare a state of
emergency. The guideline recognized the critical role
the military plays during civil or communal crisis
when military barracks are often besieged by
displaced or frightened persons seeking refuge.
The guidelines was developed to be used by the 64
military designated Disaster response Units (DRU)
strategically located across the country comprised
of 32 Army, 16 Naval and 16 Air Force Units

DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF
   MILITARY PERSONNEL & ASSETS
        DURING EMERGENCIES
1. Procedure for the Use of Military Assets and
   Personnel During Emergencies
2. When To Call Out The Armed Forces.
3. Disaster Response Assistance by DRUs
4. Principles of Employment of the DRUs
5. Coordination
6. Command and Control
7. Co-ordination Between Civil Authority /
   International Agencies and the Armed
   Forces.

COORDINATION

National Emergency Management Agency
     Standard Operating Procedures
National Emergency Management Agency Standard
Operating Procedures is a guideline on how to
manage emergency within or outside the Agency.
The procedures are developed specifically to guide
NEMA staffs on what to do when in an emergency
situation. It was also developed as a template to be
replicated by other Ministries, Department and
Agencies that currently do not have such a process
in place.
The document provide procedures to handle
common workplace emergencies such as Medical,
Fire, Hazardous Material, Abandoned Unidentified
Parcels/Mails, Dangerous and Threating Situations,
etc.

National Emergency management Agency
      Standard Operating Procedures
The document provide guidelines in these
areas:
 Guide to Emergency Preparedness
 What every Staff should know
 What every Staff should do
 Personal Emergency Response Kit
 Emergency actions to be taken by any Staff
  at the scene of any incident
 General emergency procedures to be
  followed by a staff when he is in the office
  and Fire alarm sounds continuously.
 It finally provides essential Telephone
  numbers of Agencies to be contacted for
  assistance during emergencies.

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
This is a tripartite agreement entered into in 2013
between the National Orientation Agency (NOA),
National Environmental Standards Regulations and
Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and National Emergency
Management Agency (NEMA) to collaborate in the
development, implementation and organization of
projects and programmes targeted at sensitizing
Nigerian citizenry on environmental and other natural
and human – induced hazards by way of amongst others:
 Public enlightenment and awareness campaign on
  natural and human – induced disasters and disaster
  risk reduction strategies.
 Early Warning System development, deployment and
  management
 Advocacy and information sharing amongst the
  communities on all environmental hazards.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR
    ATTENTION

• Thank you for your attention