ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF MYOTLS BECHSTEZNZZ (KUHL, 18 17) IN ITALY (CHTROPTERA: VESPERTILIONIDAE)
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Hystrix, (n.s.) 10 (2) (1998): 49-56
ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF MYOTlS BECHSTEZNZZ (KUHL,
1817) IN ITALY (CHTROPTERA: VESPERTILIONIDAE)
SIMONEVERGARI (*), GIANNA
DONDINI (*)
and ANTONIO RUGGIERI (**)
(*)Mu.seo di Storia Naturale dell’ Univer-situ di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia
“La S p e d u ” , Viu Rmncma 17, 50125 Fireitze, I t a k
(**)Museo di Storia Naturale di Piacenzu, Viu Tuverna 37,
29100 Piucenzu, Italia
ABSTRACT - The following paper reviews the distribution of Myotis ber-hsreinii (Kuhl, 1817) in
Italy through an examination of museum specimens, available literature, and unpublished data which
provided information on the biometry, ecology and conservation of the species.
Key wor.ds: Chiroptera, Myotis bechsfeinii, Distribution, Italy.
INTRODUCTION (Stebbings and Griffith, 1986; Richarz and
Limbrunner, 1993). During the Pleistocene
The bat Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) is a
M . hechsteinii was very frequent (Kowalski,
European species, found from the Iberian
1956) and Stebbings and Griffith (1986) af-
peninsula to the Caucasus and Iran (Lanza
firm that archaeological data indicate a
and Finotello, 1985; Koopman, 1993). In
greater abundance of the species in historic
Europe it is considered a rare species, and
times (3000 years ago).
in some of its countries is classified vulner- This paper rewieved the distribution of
able or endangered (Stebbings, 1988). In Bechstein’s bat in Italy and examines its
Italy it is one of the rarest species, the very present status.
few specimens having been collected main-
ly in central and northern Italy (Lanza, MATERIAL AND METHODS
1959; Vernier, 1988).
M . bechsteinii seems to prefer woods and The UTM (10x10 Km) grid maps were
forests. It roosts in hollow trees or old build- adopted to produce distribution map of M.
ings during the summer, in caves and artifi- bechsteinii in Italy. Original data and his-
cial tunnels during the winter (Wolz, 1986); torical information were considered. Infor-
it is generally solitary but occasionally lives mation on bat’s ecology was obtained from
in small groups (Schober and Grimmberger, data accompanying the museum specimens,
1993). Recently it has been found in bat- from the literature and personal observa-
boxes in Germany (Taake and Hildenhagen, tions.
1989) and in the Czech Republic (Cerveny
and Burger, 1989). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Its rarefaction seems correlated to the de- The first bibliographic reference for Italy is
crease in natural roosts due to the felling of by Catullo (1838) who reported it in Vene-
hollow trees, to the marked disturbance to to together with four other species.
which they are subjected in caves during hi- One of the first reviews of Italian museum
bernation, and to possible climatic changes specimens and of the available literature onso S. Vergari et al. bats was by Gulino and Dal Piaz (1939) No further reports appear until Amelio who reported the presence of M . beclisteiriii (1973) who collected one skull of M . hech- in seven regions: Campania (Costa, 1839), steinii in a cave in the Province of Imperia, Veneto (Ninni, 1876, 1878) where a Pleis- in Liguria. Silvestri (1985) cited it for the tocene fossil has also been found (PASA, territory of Marradi (Florence) without fur- 1953), Lombardy (Doria, 1877; Senna, nishing any indication; probably he was re- I892), Piedmont, Emilia Romagna (Forsyth peating the indication by Zangheri ( 1957) Major, 1877), Tuscany (Regalia, 1879) and which indicated a specimen cited by Abruzzo. Forsyth Major ( I 877), which was captured The report for Campania is very doubtful in Rimini. because there are no museum specimens and Some observations on the distribution of the no precise description of any findings (Mon- species in Italy are given by Vernier ( I 988) ticelli, 1886); Gulino and Dal Piaz (1939) who adds two new localities for Veneto: overlooked two records: a specimen cap- Padua and S . Tomio di Malo (Province of tured in Florence at the end of 1800 by Vicenza), and the first report for Friuli Giglioli and a specimen in the Altobello col- Venezia Giulia where a skull was found in lection captured at Collelongo (Province of the Grotta dell’Angelo (Province of Porde- L‘Aquila) in 1920 and cited by Zava and Vi- none). olani (1995). SINDACO et al. (1992) report capturing the Twenty years later Lanza (1959) added three species in Piedmont in 1978, thus confirni- other localities: San Severino Marche in the ing the doubtful data of Gulino and Dal Pi- Marche, cited by Regalia (1878), Pisa and az (1939). Milan - where two specimens were caught In Umbria, where the species had not been in the Duomo (Cathedral). previously reportcd, a skull was recently Regarding the report from the Marche, Re- collected in a cave (Vernier, 1994). galia (1878) writes that: “E’fino ad ora il In Emilia Romagna. Ruggieri A. reports secondo individuo preso in Iialia, e 10 deh- four new localities, three in the province of ho ullu cot-tesiu del sig. Corzte Pacifico Piacenza and one in the province of Parma. Purteguelfa di Sanseverino Marche” [This In May 1993 he found a male in a hole is the second specimen captured thus far in meant for an explosive in a mine near Ccr- Italy, and I owe it to the courtesy of Count reto (Ferriere, Piacenza); the specimen, Pacific0 Parteguelfa di Sanseverino Marche] which had a forearm length of 4 I .3 mm and which makes the origin of the specimen un- weighed 7.1 g, was captured, photographed, certain; however, as confirmed later by Re- banded and replaced in the roost. galia ( 1 879), it was undoubtedly from In August 1994 another male was found in Marche. a gallery crevice near S . Salvatore (Bobbio, The report from Pisa in fact concerned Flo- Piacenza); the specimen, which had a fore- rence: Regalia ( I 879) reported the discovery arm length of 42.8 mm and weighed 7 g, of seven specimens in a house about one was captured, photographed, banded and re- mile outside Porta a San Gallo, without placed in the roost. specifying the city. Four of this bats were In July 1995 a specimen roosting in a mine captured, one of which is conserved in the crevice near C. Montegiogo (Lugagnano, Giglioli Italian collection in the Zoological Piacenza) was filmed, but not captured. Museum “La Specola” in Florence. The tag Finally, ion June 1995, near Lago della of the specimen states the locality as ‘La Navetta in the Parco Regionale Boschi di Pietra. Firenze’. Checking the map clearly Carrega (Sala Baganza, province of Parma), shows that such a site is exactly one mile a colony of about ten specimens was found from Porta San Gallo in Florence. in an old woodpecker nest in a tree (Tax-
O H the distributiori of Myotis bechsteinii 51 odiunz distirhum). It was possible to film the ( 1985) exclude Sicily from the presumed individuals, but not capture them. range' of M . hecksteinii. Stebbings and Grif- In province of Ravenna, at Pineta di Classe. fith (1986) map the presence of M . bech- in the spring of 1995, a bat-detector picked steinii in southern Sicily, while Vernier up the presence of M . hechsteinii as it flew (1988) does not mention the species. Recent- over the water of a canal (Zava et al., 1996; ly, in the province of Siracusa in south-east- Zava, in litt.). em Sicily, Zava and Violani (1992) picked up Another recent report comes from Tuscany its presence with a bat-detector. Thus the on- where in the Wildlife Reserve of Pian di ly reliable record is that of Zava and Violani Novello, Vergari S. and Dondini G. found (1992) but hopefully in the future, the pres- the same male of M . heclzsreiizii in two dif- ence of M . hechsteinii will be confirmed with ferent bat-boxes in June an July 1995, July the definite sighting of a specimen. 1997 and August 1998 (Dondini and Ver- Bechstein's bat has been reported in fourteen gari, 1995). The specimen was measured, Italian regions, mainly in the center and photographed and replaced in the roost: north, from the plain through the hills and up forearm 41.7 mm, ear 23 mm, lance-shaped to the mountain, but not above 1950 m s.1.m. tragus 11 mm and weight 8.1 g (June 1995) . (Tab. 1). The most recent reports (made af- and 8.2 g (August 1998). ter 1960) concern eleven regions (Fig. 1). Recently two specimens of M . bechsteinii Due to the scarcity of specimens a complete were photographed in a cave in the province biometric comparision with other European of Grosseto in Tuscany (Sforzi and Ragni, areas is not possible. Male mean forearm 1997). Russo and Mancini (in press) col- length 41.1 mm (f0.352 SE) (n=10; lected a skull in the Province of Caserta, min=39.6; max=42.8); female 41.9 mm confirming the presence of the species in (f0.255 SE) (n=6; min=4l; max=42.6). Campania, though the date of its presence is These measurements indicate no significant unsure. difference (t= 1.739, df= 14: P=n.s.) between A female was captured in the carsic system the mean forearm length of inale and female of Campo dei Fiori Mountain in Lombardy, M . hechsteinii, and data from Great Britain the first record of this species in that area (Stebbings, 1989). Other authors report a (Fornasari et al., in press), and a skull has sexual dimorphism for M . hechsteinii been found in a cave on Monti della Grigna (Haensel, 1979; Cerveny and Burger, 1989) in the Province of Lecco (Scaravelli, in and for other vespertilionid species (Myers, press). The latest report comes from Cal- 1978; Williams and Findley. 1979). abria where this species is recorded for the Out of the twenty-seven localities reported first time (Garofalo et al., 19%). for the species a distinction should be made The reports for Sicily are somewhat contra- between roosts and areas where foraging or dictory; Kahamann and Goerner (1956) men- some kind of activity presumably takes tioned M . beclzsteinii but did not indicate place. Roosts include: caves or artificial where it was found. Brink (1957) expressed tunnels for which there are 12 reports; man- his doubt about this, but later reports the made constructions 2 reports; bat-boxes and presence of M . beclisteirzii in south-east Sici- tree holes 2 reports. Activity areas include: ly (Brink, 1967). Corbet (1978) excludes its forest for which there are 3 reports; urban presence in his review of palearctic mam- egvironments 2 reports: uncertain 8 reports. mals. In their research on the Pleistocene bats The fact that only two forest roosts have of Sicily. Kotsakis and Petronio (1980) doc- been found (bat-boxes are considered good ument the presence of the species in the low- substitutes for natural hollows tree) reflects er Wiirmian, when the climate was coldcr the difficulty of locating specimens in such than it is today. Instead, Lanza and Finotello an environment, while the large number
Table I. Available data on the distribution of Bechslein’s bat. Specimens for which there are n o forearm measurements o r indication of sex refer either ’$
to skull fragment found in caves or to bat-detector reports. MSNF=Museo di Zoologia “La Specola”. Universita di Firenze; MSNG=Museo Civico di
Storia Naturale ‘G.Doria”, Cienova: MSNV=Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia: MSNM=Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano; MSNC=Museo
di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola; lNFS=lstituto Nazionale Fauna Selvatica.
Locality Allilude UTM Date Sex forearm ( m m ) Enviroment Source
’I 1838 ? ’? ? ? Cdtullo (1818)
Veneto ’? ?
1
Naples ? ? 33T VF32 1839 ? ? ’? Costa (1839)
Rimini sea level 33T UJO8 VII.1875 IM 41.2 I MSNF
Refrontoh (TV) IS0 n1 33T TL88 c.a. 1x76 IF 42 cave MSNV (Nmni 1878)
1 Regalia (1878)
S.Severino Marche (MC) ? ? 33‘1 UH58 c.a. I878 11 ?
Florence 110 n1 32T PP85 16.VI.1879 IF 41.4 building MSNF
Florence I10 I l l 32T PPXS 16.VI.1879 3F ? building Reg& ( 1879)
1
Florcncc 1lOm 32T PP85 16.VI.1879 3? building Regalia (1879)
1
Varzi (PV) 420 I11 32T NQ16 VII1.1883 IM 41.4 MSNG
Milan 120 111 32T NK13 1887 IF 42.6 building MSNF
Milan 120 m 32T NR13 1887 1F 42.4 building MSNF i”
Florence so Ill 32T PP8S 1O.VlI.1899 IM 39.9 urban area MSNI-
1 $
Villetta Barrea (AQ) 990 I l l 331’ VG1 2 3O.VlI.1914 IM 42.6 MSNM 09
1
Villctta Karrea (AQ) 990 m 33T VG12 VIII. I9 1s IM 40.3 MSNM 3.
Villetta Barrea (AQ) 990 111 33T VG12 VIII. 1915 1? 39.1 ,? MSNM
Collelongo (AQ) 915 m 331’ l G 8 3 3.VIII. I920 IF 41 ? INFS
S.Tomio di Malo iVI) 120 m 32T PR8S X. I973 IM 40 gallery Coll. Rigoni P.
Padua IS 111 32T QR23 12.IX.1977 IF 42.3 urban area Vcrnicr ‘(1988)
Baldissero d’Alba (CU) 400 m 321’ MQ2S rx.I978 1M 39.6 forehi MSNC
Pantalica (SK) 430 m 33s WBOO 1990 I? ? forest Zava & Violani (1992)
Cerreto (PC) 820 111 32T NQ34 3.v.1993 IM 41.3 mine Ruggieri A.
SSalvatore (PC) 320 m 3 2 1 NQ3S 2X.VIII. 1994 1M 42.8 gallery Ruggieri A.
)
Boschi di Carrcga (PK) 200 m 32T NQ9S 2.VI. 1995 1 O’? forest Ruggieri A.
Pineta di Classe (RA) sea level 33T TK7 1 3.Vl.l99S I? $? forest Zava et a/.(1996)
C. Montegiogo (PC) 350 m 32T NQhh 27.VII. 1995 I ,? ? mine Ruggieri A.
Pian di Novcllo (PI’) I300 m 32T PP38 VI-V11.1995 IM 41.7 forest Vergari S. & Dondini G.
Massa marittima ( G R ) 260 111 32T PNS6 2? ? cavc Sforzi 1G Ragni ( 1997)
M.te Campo dei Fiori (VA) I 327’ MKX7 I997 IF ,? Cave Fornasari et al. (in p r c s )
Pigna (IM) 19.50 m 32T LP96 3O.VII. I972 I shull cave Amelio (1973)
S . Gregorio Matese (CE) I 140 ,111 33T VF38 3.VII1.1997 1 skull cavc Russo & Mancini (in press)
M,ti della Grigna (LC) 1x00 m 22.x1.1997 1 skull cave Scaravelli (in prep.)
Aviano (Pi%) 1450 m 33T UMlO ? I hhull cave Vernier (1988)
)
Sigillo (PG) 490 III 33T UH19 1 skull cave Vernier (1994)
7
Soverato (CZ) 33s xc3x 1996197 ? Ciarofalo et al. ( I 998)On the distribution of Myotis bwhsteinii 53 Figure I . Diitribution of Myoii;\ herhsfeini in Italy. = reports before 1960; = reports after 1960.
54 S. Vergari et al.
found in caves indicates the greater ease comments on earlier drafts on thc manuscript.
with which specimens can be discovered in We wish to thank the following pcoplc: Paolo
such habitats. Agnelli, Simone Cianfanelli and Sarah Whitman
Out of the twenty-seven localities reported (Museo di Zoologia “La Specola”, Universiti di
in Italy, a total of eighteen specimens were Firenze); Nicola Baccetti (Istituto Nazionale per
captured in eight localities between 1875 la Fauna Selvatica, Bologna): Nerio Baratti
and 1920 while, none between 1920 and (Stazione Teriologica Piemontese): Giuliano Do-
1960; between 1960 and the present. seven ria (Musco di Storia Naturale di Genova); Gian-
specimens were captured, a single plus a paolo Fornasier; Giampaolo Rallo (Museo di Sto-
colony of ten individuals were observed, ria Naturale di Venezia); Patrizio Riponi; Dino
two were detected ultrasonically, five skulls Scaravelli (Museo Scienze Naturali. Cesena):
were collected (for which there is no infor- Andrea Sforzi (Museo di Storia Naturale della
mation as to when the bats actually lived), Maremina, Grosseto); Carlo Violani (Diparti-
one specimen filmed and two photographed mento di Biologia Animale, Universita di Pavia).
were reported from the remaining seventeen
localities (Tab. I). The only indication of a
nursery is found in Regalia (1879) who, in REFERENCES
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